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Censorship is Changing the Face of the Internet

Lucas123 writes "Amnesty International is warning that the Internet "could change beyond all recognition" because state-sponsored censorship has spread from a handful of countries to dozens of governments that apply mandated net filtering, and because companies such as Google, Microsoft and Yahoo have remained complicit, according to a BBC story. '"More and more governments are realising the utility of controlling what people see online and major internet companies, in an attempt to expand their markets, are colluding in these attempts,"' said Tim Hancock, Amnesty's campaign director."

40 of 281 comments (clear)

  1. OMG! They got slashdot!!!! by mcrbids · · Score: 4, Funny

    Nothing to see here. Move along

    Is there *REALLY* nothing here, or has this been (gasp!) censored?

    --
    I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
    1. Re:OMG! They got slashdot!!!! by smittyoneeach · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Oh, there will be a business model and an arms race, supplying tunnels and proxies to work around matters.
      And the states that are censoring will have the truth used upon them in the suppository fashion.

      --
      Get thee glass eyes, and, like a scurvy politician, seem to see things thou dost not.--King Lear
    2. Re:OMG! They got slashdot!!!! by Tassach · · Score: 4, Informative

      Oh, there will be a business model and an arms race, supplying tunnels and proxies to work around matters.
      And the states that are censoring will have the truth used upon them in the suppository fashion.

      Exactly. Google, Yahoo! and MSN are not the entire internet. There are other search engines, other portals, other content providers. Even if all the major players kowtow to repressive governments in order to do business in those countries, there will still be billions of groups and individuals who aren't motivated by greed and/or fear.

      Keyword filtering can be defeated by SSL or by using alternate encodings (EG base64/rot13/etc content that gets transparently decoded via javascript on the client browser). DNS and IP level blocking can be defeated with proxies, remailers, IM bots, etc. People will always find a way around content blocks faster than those blocks can adapt.

      --
      Why is it that the proponents of "one nation under God" are so eager to get rid of "liberty and justice for all"?
    3. Re:OMG! They got slashdot!!!! by utnapistim · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Interesting, those tactics look like spammer tactics. Maybe in the end the spammers will be a force for good?

      Not a good idea.

      Its enough for the major players to have a bad-enough label they can attach you (for the States for example, the terms "terrorist"/"terrorist simpatizer"/communist come to mind), so they can have the appearance of legality when censoring you. The appearance of legality matters a lot for governments that claim to represent the people.

      By using spammer-like tactics, you'd just make it easier for them to place the "spammer" label on you (and easier for them to discredit your information by association which is an effective form of censorship in itself).

      --
      Tie two birds together: although they have four wings, they cannot fly. (The blind man)
  2. Depends on who you hear it from. by ThisIsForReal · · Score: 5, Funny

    Yeah, according to the BBC report, censorship is spreading. According to my state-run newspaper, everything is just fine, and, wait a second, it says here I should just move right along.

    --
    -THE END-
    1. Re:Depends on who you hear it from. by bentcd · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yeah, according to the BBC report, censorship is spreading. It is probably more accurate to say that the internet is spreading. And when it spreads to a state that censors all its information, of course they will also censor the internet.

      The only channels that will not be censored in such states are those that are too small or obscure to end up on the information departments' bulleted lists. Internet used to be one of these, but that time is fast coming to an end.
      --
      sigs are hazardous to your health
  3. Who's surprised here? by gerf · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Governments want control, businesses want money.

    There's nothing loving, forgiving or compassionate about a committee with a purpose.

    The only question is how to prevent them from killing our freedoms. Democracy hasn't seemed to work all that well lately, at least in a two party system.

    1. Re:Who's surprised here? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Thats because people insist that anyone but the government is free to trample their rights. How long did they think it would take before the government simply started contracting out the military and police and eavesdropping and...

    2. Re:Who's surprised here? by Planesdragon · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Democracy hasn't seemed to work all that well lately, at least in a two party system.

      What makes you think that? Did I miss a popular uprising that failed to affect the country?

      Democracy is working just fine. If it seems like there's been little effect by the Nov 2006 elections, that's because only 4/12 of the federal democracy was up for review. Expect a stronger effect in 2008, when 10/12 will be up for review. And that 1/3 had more than a little effect, as the soon-to-pass immigration compromise underscores.

    3. Re:Who's surprised here? by aj1 · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Democracy hasn't seemed to work all that well lately, at least in a two party system.


      What country do you live in. Here in the USA we have a Republic.

    4. Re:Who's surprised here? by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 4, Insightful

      A republic is not a democracy. A democracy is when the people rule. A republic is when officials are elected. If three random senators picked the next president, America would still be a republic, just not a democracy. IMHO, America isn't a true democracy, but a plutocratic republic. Do the people really choose a person to rule? No, they pick the rich guy they hate the least. Its not perfect, but its probably the closest thing we'll get to a real democracy.

    5. Re:Who's surprised here? by UncleTogie · · Score: 4, Informative

      Democracy hasn't seemed to work all that well lately, at least in a two party system.
      What country do you live in. Here in the USA we have a Republic.
      Call me crazy {'cause I am...} but I'd always thought America was a "democratic republic"...
      --
      Don't tell me to get a life. I'm a gamer; I have LOTS of lives!
    6. Re:Who's surprised here? by soren100 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Democracy hasn't seemed to work all that well lately, at least in a two party system.

      The two parties are working together to make sure no one else gets in and spoils their "party". For example, there is an excellent article describing how the presidential "debates" are controlled to prevent any other parties from gaining traction. They realized that Ross Perot got 90% of his support after the debates, so they created a system to prevent any other parties from being able to join by raising the bar high enough. The "Commission on Presidential Debates" which runs the debates, is totally run by the two parties. In the article, it quotes Walter Cronkite as calling the CPD an "unconscionable fraud".

      The "debates" are also very carefully controlled (according to the article) of presenting the appearance of being a debate without actually being a debate, so as to pose no danger to the candidates, and so that important issues can be avoided.

      Ron Paul, a current presidential candidate and member of the Republican party, said recently on the Daily Show that he is only a Republican because he couldn't get elected if he were a member of another party. He wrote an essay on how the two-party system disenfranchises voters.

    7. Re:Who's surprised here? by fafalone · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I'm surprised that more people here don't realize democracy isn't really that good a thing. Most people are uninformed, uneducated morons that should never be entrusted with any kind of direct, majority based control over policy. Most people form opinions of policy based on everything except logic, science and reason. That's why the US gov was set up the way it is; the problem is the people being elected to office are increasingly not being elected based on their intelligence, knowledge and trust that they will implement the best policy for the people, and instead being elected for pandering to peoples malformed prejudiced judgments on what policy should be. I see it as a continuation of the larger and more dangerous trend of intelligence no longer being valued. So as elected officials support what a simple majority of their constituents think the policies should be, the government will become more and more oppressive as the majority will supercedes the rights of minority groups. A perfect example is drug policy. The majority forms the opinion drugs=bad=ban, and only politicians who adhere to prohibition even have a shot at office; but all logic and science overwhelmingly shows prohibition maximizes harm to society while not at all accomplishing its goal of reducing use. Another example is stem cell policy. Most people on the right think stem cells=cloning=killing babies=wrong, a position which also has nothing to do with science or whats best for the progress of life saving therapies, and a Republican candidate has to agree or risk losing votes. Look for more issues to start being decided by the whim of the masses rather than what's best, science education/evolution is quickly stepping up to be another majority belief that electees must match to get votes.

    8. Re:Who's surprised here? by asninn · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If the lack of a popular uprising that affects the country is a sign of democracy, then even North Korea is a democracy. Don't get silly.

      --
      butter the donkey
    9. Re:Who's surprised here? by RichardDeVries · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Also by Churchill:

      The biggest argument against democracy is a five minute discussion with the average voter.
      --
      Error 001
      Security Scan and Virus Detection do not work with your operating system.
    10. Re:Who's surprised here? by profaneone · · Score: 3, Insightful

      >> I'm surprised that more people here don't realize democracy isn't really that good a thing. Most people are uninformed, uneducated morons
      >> that should never be entrusted with any kind of direct, majority based control over policy.

      "I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesom discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education. This is the true corrective of abuses of constitutional power." - Thomas Jefferson 1820

  4. Informed, hopefully by largesnike · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I hope this turns out to be an informed debate. We have all watched this slow incursion. It is obviously in full swing in repressive socvieties such as China and Burma. But it seems that Government legislatos are also tempted the curb certain things. In Australia it is material that could be condidered "sedition" such as Islamist (as opposed to islamic) sites calling for an Australian Jihad. But always, underneath, we detect the temptation moving further into banning activist websites as "sedition".
    Unfortunately, many of these conferences get hijacked by the shrill calls of alarmists, who have more believe than knowledge, and emotion over thought.

    --
    "Laugh while you can a-monkey boy!" - Dr Emilio Lizardo
    1. Re:Informed, hopefully by MightyYar · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The stuff that gets REALLY censored is the animal abuse in slaughterhouses, the toxicity of water supplies by water plant companies, radioactive waste leaking into soil. This is the stuff that is much harder to come by, cause they cause so much controversy.

      Well it certainly doesn't seem to be censored from my computer. Search for any of those things on Google and you'll get a billion hits:
      • First link on Google to "slaughterhouse animal abuse" complete with nausiating pictures
      • You are a bit ambiguous with your toxicity of water thing, but I found many sites dedicated to improving water quality. There are even Dr. Strangelove-esqe wackos talking about fluoride conspiracies.
      • The very first result on Google when you search for "radioactive waste leaking into soil" is a PBS transcript from 1998. If there is censorship in the US on this issue, then they have done a terrible job by leaving it up for 9 years.
      I feel like I must have completely missed your point... what kind of internet censorship do we have in the US?
      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  5. Make your own internet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    If you don't want problems with censorship, net neutrality, etc... make your own internet. No one said you have to use the main domain name system which the rest of the internet uses. And no one said you have to communicate purely via TCP in traditional ways. Most of these censorship systems are bricks which are designed to restrict clueless users who don't know about tunneling traffic through various secure & anonymous means.

    At the extreme end of the scale, a country could do censorship on a "white list" basis where all the sites available do not allow user-submitted content. Trying to access any other port/protocol/IPs not on the white list would result in an error. This is where the real problems occur, as it blocks out even the most tech-savvy hackers.

    1. Re:Make your own internet by speaker+of+the+truth · · Score: 3, Interesting

      If speech has to be anonymous it is not free.

      --
      Using openSUSE instead of Windows since 9th of October, 2007 and liking it.
  6. It's about control. by iplayfast · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Corporations at one time tried to make money for their shareholders, then they began to realize that if they instead working on controlling the public, in what the public bought and thought, the money would come as a consequence.
    Governments have always worked on controlling the public, in what they thought and in some governments what they bought.

    The difference is that corporations and governments are now vying for positions in how to best control the public. If a corporation allows the government to control it, it can get access to the population and thereby have some influence. If the corporation doesn't allow the government to control it, it will ether be shut down or shut out.

    You can see this behavior in music, literature, web searches, museums, copyright, trademarks, patents and on and on and on.

    As far as the public is concerned, .....

    good luck

    1. Re:It's about control. by kcbrown · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Corporations at one time tried to make money for their shareholders, then they began to realize that if they instead working on controlling the public, in what the public bought and thought, the money would come as a consequence. Governments have always worked on controlling the public, in what they thought and in some governments what they bought.

      Want to know why fascism (even if clothed in democracy) is on the rise? This is why.

      There's nothing that brings in money more than a captive market, and the best way to ensure a captive market is via the force of law. Fascism is the merger of the corporation and the state, in such a way that the corporation appears to be a separate entity but really isn't. In a fascist state, the corporations are in primary control over the government.

      Money is power. Guns are power. Control both and you control it all. Those who run the biggest corporations want that power, but also don't want to take the blame for the consequences of the use of that power. Control of a government gives them that isolation. That isolation is especially good in a pseudo-democratic society in which the population thinks it has some kind of control over who gets into office, and therefore doesn't think to blame anyone but themselves when those in office do the bidding of the corporations and not the voters.

      --
      Use 'slashdot stuff' in the subject line in any email you send me if you want to get past the spam filter.
  7. more of the same by Original+Replica · · Score: 5, Insightful

    More and more governments are realising the utility of controlling what people see online and major internet companies, in an attempt to expand their markets, are colluding in these attempts,"

    I don't think this is so much "changeing the face of the internet" as allowing the internet to grow into places where censorship has long been a part of life. The governments that are censoring are not comeing to any new realisations about controlling informantion, they are ust applying existing policies to a new medium. Any international companies that want to do business in those markets has a different set of rules there then they do in the US or UK. Internet based or not. This is not much different than when Nike started making shoes in China and there were outcries of the "inhuman sweatshops". It was crap pay by 1st world standards but a decent job in China at the time.
    Yes censorship sucks, but there is a long list of things that suck in most countries that censor heavily. Would a lack of international companies in the PRC make it a better place to live? I don't think so.

    --
    We are all just people.
  8. Beyond recognition? Compared to when? by ScentCone · · Score: 4, Insightful

    the Internet "could change beyond all recognition"

    Compared to, say, when those very same totalitarian-type countries didn't have internet access at all? Compared to only a few years ago when it didn't exist at all? And, will China's internet censoring actually change it, beyond all recognition, for me? Will this article or the summary change the meaning of hyperbole beyond all recognition? Places like China have been lacking free speech since before the internet existed, and they still lack it. That China was a little slow applying their cultural norm to this newer tool isn't very shocking. What's terrible is that censorship IS their cultural norm. Change that, and little things like internet filtering, or centralized political control, etc., change right along with it. This is a symptom, not the problem.

    --
    Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
    1. Re:Beyond recognition? Compared to when? by thegrassyknowl · · Score: 3, Informative

      Places like China have been lacking free speech since before the internet existed, and they still lack it.

      The article isn't talking about places like China. It is talking about the Chinese idea of blanket censorship spreading to other "free" western nations. It is scary. Here, in the land of tin men and wizards, there was a crazy religious nutter senator in the deep south who tried to impose a bill that would force ISPs to censor content that _he_ deemed to be filth. The bill actually got a lot of debate and IIRC was used as a bargaining tool for and against other legislation. As a result it did get a lot of support, specially from the think of the children brigade.

      The idea of censorship for control is alarming and the fact that the Internet has become such a backbone of modern information gathering gives gumbiments the power to control what we (yes, you and me) can and can't see or even to poison what reliable information is out there. It's alarmist and it's paranoid, but it is possible and I guarantee they do think about it!

      --
      I drink to make other people interesting!
  9. Not in the United States... by presentt · · Score: 4, Informative

    I wonder if, at least in the United States, the internet and its "freedoms" are already too interlaced in people's lives for a censorship program to be successfully implemented now. What would happen if suddenly school students could not get reliable information on subjects like Guantanamo? Or, if John Q. Public can't get his free porno? Also, what would large media networks do--especially those with other outlets besides their website, such as television stations--if their content is censored online, but not elsewhere?

    Even if it were more altruistic, like censorship of terrorist web pages or even malware sites, there would be a huge outcry from an otherwise free media.

    --
    I decided to stop stealing cynical quotes to use as a signature line.
    1. Re:Not in the United States... by jombeewoof · · Score: 4, Interesting

      This will probably get modded troll or some such shenanigans but I've got to say it.

      When anyone decides what can and cannot be said, everyone loses. I totally disagree with terrorism, and islamic jihad and all that crap. But I have to defend their right to say and believe in it.
      Attack me, or my family and I'll kill them myself. But their crazy religion instructs them that we are evil and must be killed if their religion is to flourish. This is no different than the Catholic/Christian regimes of western Europe 500 years ago. It's the same damn thing. Do I agree with what they have to say? HELL NO. will I defend their right to say it? Yes.

      Speech and action are very different things.
      The freedom to speak, and the right to believe in even the most unpopular ideals is what made America great.
      Unfortunately corporate sub-culture and sheep mentality is what is making America terrible.

      --
      Linux Zealots: Smarter than Mac Zealots, but still zealots.
    2. Re:Not in the United States... by dcollins · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Hey! You must be that same guy who said back in 2000 that there would be a "huge outcry" if the electoral college went against the popular vote in the Presidential election (and the system would be immediately changed). Good to see you again, how's it going?

      --
      We know where leadership by an anti-intellectual "strongman" who scapegoats minorities and likes boisterous rallies goes
    3. Re:Not in the United States... by largesnike · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Your screed defending the freedom of speech made me think a bit about the difference between a simple belief and an ideology. In particular your reference to islam as a crazy religion. You see, I don't think that its islam that does this, certainly no more than Christianity, anyway. I think its ideologues within those religions that use the texts and the power of public opinion to push certain agendas (such as killing protestants in the middle ages, and Americans in 20th and 21st Centuries).
      A belief in islam in and of itself is likely only to be a belief in a single God, His laws, and being generally more hospitable to your fellow man, including the poor and some such. In essence, that same sort of stuff that's in the New Testament.
      But anyone can go into either of these books pick out a few passages and use them to justify to a frightened population as to why they should be killing Americans, Infedels, Jews, and why doing so elevates you to heaven, paradise, the Nazi superman ideal, or whatever. This is what islamism, nazism, christian fundamentalism, corpratism does. It uses language to change the opinions of a target audience.
      I think that this is what most people seem to miss. I think that its ideologies that shout for censorship, because they don't want competing ideologies, and they certainly don't want free thought.
      Perhaps the only thing we should censor are these ideologues and leave everyone else alone

      --
      "Laugh while you can a-monkey boy!" - Dr Emilio Lizardo
  10. FUD by djupedal · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "could change beyond all recognition"

    As opposed to... What? Change is expected - along w/unrecognizable traits.

    "Google, Microsoft and Yahoo have remained complicit"

    'remained' - remained..? You mean like they haven't taken any time-outs yet...? Or, they get together in Bermuda twice a year to compare notes and plan how they will rule...?

    The gentrification of the internet is always a concern, I suppose, but I am reminded of a phrase that was coined 'long about the first time such topics popped up - "The internet interprets restriction as an interruption and routes around it."

    Seems to me that one of the basics of (pointed) redirection is blocking and/or interrupting - fine, bring it on.

  11. Re:How appropriate... by SlayerofGods · · Score: 3, Informative

    Yes... but given this is the 10 millionth time someone has made this obvious joke it's still redundant regardless of what time it was posted at.

    --

    Technology, the cause of and solution to all of life's problems.
  12. changing face of the internet by ElephanTS · · Score: 4, Funny

    Yes. It used to be this :-) now it's this :(

    --
    spoonerize "magic trackpad"
    1. Re:changing face of the internet by tobias.sargeant · · Score: 3, Funny

      Dude! Someone censored your nose!

  13. M$, Yahoo [and Google] won't talk about it. by twitter · · Score: 4, Informative

    One giant piece of missing information is that all three internet giants refused the public Amnesty International debate. It's too bad they won't clarify their position as an aid to repressive governments. As the Register noted, "no news is good news" when you have something to hide. Because they refuse to meet their critics in the open, we are all left with speculation and stink. As all of us are dependent on these three companies to one extent or another, how censored is our own world view?

    The answer is to help each other and report what you see. Alternatives, like Slashdot and blogs exist for this reason. The majority of us still get most of our "news" from "mainstream" sources but we don't have to. As long as the internet remains a free place we can inform each other of what's happening.

    This is good news for small newspapers, if they take advantage of it.

    --

    Friends don't help friends install M$ junk.

  14. Says who? by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 5, Informative

    A republic is not a democracy. A democracy is when the people rule. A republic is when officials are elected.

    My Oxford American Dictionary says that democracy is "a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives" (or "a state governed in such a way"); and republic is "a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch."

    Note, however, that dictionary definitions do not settle arguments. Meanings are determined by usage, and dictionaries are records of usage (and fallible ones). But, when all the media in your country routinely use the word democracy in a way that contradicts the rule you're stating there, well, it's your rule that's mistaken, not the people who use the word in violation of it. This is just Linguistics 101.

    1. Re:Says who? by Mattsson · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But, when all the media in your country routinely use the word democracy in a way that contradicts the rule you're stating there, well, it's your rule that's mistaken, not the people who use the word in violation of it. This is just Linguistics 101. That might be true for the meaning of the word itself. But "Democracy" is a simply the word that is used to describe the concept of democracy. If you let your media or government propaganda change the meaning of the word "Democracy", you'd have to come up with a new word for that concept, since the concept itself wouldn't have changed.
      Otherwise, it will be rather confusing when trying to compare what you call a democracy with what the rest of the world calls a democracy.

      It would end up like the word "Football".
      A US-English speaking person and a International-English speaking person uses the same word for two different concepts.
      Since it doesn't have the same meaning in the US as in the rest of the world, they had to come up with the word "Soccer" to describe the international definition of "Football" and we had to come up with "American football" to describe their definition of "Football".
      --
      /.Mattsson - My native language is not English, so please don't whine over linguistic errors. (That's lame anyway...)
  15. Internet is Part of a Tripod of Information by reporter · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Reliable news is delivered through 3 dominant means: radio/television, Internet, and print media. Print media is most easily blocked by authoritarian governments like those in Russia, Singapore, and China. Arresting the distributors or (in the case of Russia) subjecting them to tax audits is easy.

    However, blocking the Internet is very difficult. Anyone -- even a person with no technical knowledge -- can use a proxy server to bypass the blockage. Just pick a proxy server that anonymizes the user. Then, enter the URL of the "dangerous" site like, say, CNN. The proxy server will fetch the content of the site.

    The only way for a brutal society like China to truly block the Internet is to sever the Chinese Internet from the rest of the global Internet.

    Also, blocking radio news is difficult since these days, almost anyone can buy a shortwave radio for under $50. A shortwave radio enables you to listen to Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, Radio Free Europe, etc.

    The above observations lead to the interesting conclusion that most Russian citizens can still access fair and balanced news by (1) accessing Western web sites like CNN and Fox News and (2) tuning into Voice of America and Radio Free Europe. Statistics indicate that about 20% of Russians have regular access to the Internet. The other 80% could easily buy a shortwave radio. I recommend a Panasonic one.

    The main problem in Russia is not government control of the Russian radio and television stations. The main problem is that most Russians genuinely support Putin and his authoritarian polices.

    Similar comments apply to mainland China. Most Chinese who study at American universities support the occupation and brutalization of Tibetans. The Chinese in the USA know the truth (from CNN, Fox News, etc.) but reject it. They prefer Chinese nationalism.

  16. Darknets needed by jihadist · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Power needs only complimentary information available. You do not motivate groups of people by exposing them to contradictory information. Corporations do it with advertising, parents do it with cautionary tales, religions do it with fear of lack of immortality, and governments do it with force. The real question is how to build an international darknet that is impossible to oversee, and can "route around" the damage.

  17. Democracy is an outdated concept by secondhand_Buddah · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I've often thought about how obselete democracy is. Every four years,we get to put a cross on a piece of paper for some bloke I've never met, to represent me. Why do we still use this archaic system of governance we call democracy? Computer technology is such a powerful enabling technology that could revolutionise governance. Many fields (e.g. Banking) have been totally revolutionised by computerisation. We could have the same revolutionisation within governance, by applying our collective intellectual capital to governing a country.

    What is possible today is a franchise based voting system based not on the old premis of land ownership, but on our participation in society. We could be rewarded for our qualifications, our age, our life experience, with voting points within our areas of expertise. We could continually vote within our fields of expertise on issues of governance, and be rewarded for this participation by having more voting points within our individual areas of expertise.

    Participatory Governance is a totally feasable option today, which would prevent the type of misuse of power the parent article is about.

    --
    Participatory Governance : The only feasible option for a real democracy, where everyone really does have a say.