Slashdot Mirror


Data Stored in Live Neurons

Light Licker writes "Israeli researchers have created artificial memories for the first time — in a tangle of neurons growing in the lab. Using a specific chemical they could add to the pattern of impulses in a network of the nerve cells. 'Many believe that complex patterns of neuronal firing are templates for memory, which the brain uses when storing information. Imprinting such "memories" on artificial neural networks provides a potential way to develop cyborg chips, says Ben-Jacob. These would be useful for monitoring biological systems like the brain and blood since, being human, they would respond to the same chemicals.' The new pattern lasted two days — good enough for biological RAM?"

100 comments

  1. Obligatory by Evets · · Score: 3, Funny

    I for one welcome our neuronal impulse driven overlords.

    1. Re:Obligatory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Since when is obligatory a synonym for stale and unfunny?

    2. Re:Obligatory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      > I for one welcome our neuronal impulse driven overlords.

      That definition seems also include me (average mammal walking on hindlegs without slashdot account)?

    3. Re:Obligatory by ijakings · · Score: 1

      I think that was the point... Some people read into things too much, others dont read into them enough. I think (Well hope actually, else I could of modded it redundant) that the Parent was specifically making that joke, since we are all neurone impulse driven.

    4. Re:Obligatory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Since /. got entered into web dictionaries.

  2. But officer by eggman9713 · · Score: 2, Funny

    I don't smoke weed, I don't know how that got in my car. How many of us have been in such a situation? Now with little biotech magic, you can calmly and confidently (not to mention truthfully) say that the munchkins did it.

  3. Minor problem by Zironic · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Then there's just the minor problem of figuring out what pattern means what. Personally I think I prefer the idea of connecting people to external computerized memory then messing with the neural one. Brainwashing anyone?

    1. Re:Minor problem by andydread · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Another problem? TFA said the neurons will react like humans. Humans try to forget memories they don't like What if lab brain (the collection of neurons) decide that it doesn't like the memories that have been "washed" on to it.

    2. Re:Minor problem by VagaStorm · · Score: 1

      How long til they can read the last thoughts of murder victims?

    3. Re:Minor problem by h2g2bob · · Score: 1

      Pfft. Everyone loves brainwashing. Or they will do.

    4. Re:Minor problem by oldwarrior · · Score: 0

      How many ways can neurons encode "Oh $^&%!".

      --
      If it were done when 'tis done, then t'were well it were done quickly... MacBeth
  4. Thanks for the memories... by kcbrown · · Score: 3, Funny

    The new pattern lasted two days -- good enough for biological RAM?

    Yeah, I'd say so...I can't remember anything for more than a few minutes, let alone two whole days!

    What day did you say it is again?

    --
    Use 'slashdot stuff' in the subject line in any email you send me if you want to get past the spam filter.
    1. Re:Thanks for the memories... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Hi, I'm Tom!

  5. Yes, but by LittleBigScript · · Score: 0

    Can it run linux?

    1. Re:Yes, but by Xogede · · Score: 0

      "The new pattern lasted two days"

      Sorry...

    2. Re:Yes, but by revengebomber · · Score: 5, Funny

      "The new pattern lasted two days"

      Sorry... Well, it's more uptime than a Windows system.
      --
      09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    3. Re:Yes, but by TheWanderingHermit · · Score: 1

      No, it can't run Linux, but when it was announced the new memories included of a few verses of an old Barry Manilow song, the RIAA file suit against the neurons for memory sharing.

    4. Re:Yes, but by DeadChobi · · Score: 1, Funny

      Imagine a Beowulf cluster of these!

      --
      SRSLY.
    5. Re:Yes, but by gemada · · Score: 1

      and probably easier to configure than a linux system.

    6. Re:Yes, but by suv4x4 · · Score: 1

      "The new pattern lasted two days"

      Sorry...
      Well, it's more uptime than a Windows system.


      That would clash with the fact I forgot where my power switch is.

    7. Re:Yes, but by Jules+Mercuri · · Score: 1

      C:\Documents and Settings\********>systeminfo | find "Up Time"
      System Up Time: 32 Days, 6 Hours, 29 Minutes, 24 Seconds


      Not too bad, if I do say so myself.

  6. A billion years too late by edwardpickman · · Score: 1, Funny

    We call them brains and I'm sure Mother Nature took out a patent on them.

    1. Re:A billion years too late by Nappa48 · · Score: 1

      Screw Mother Nature, that bitch is a total patent whore! She abuses patents almost as bad as the US does.

    2. Re:A billion years too late by kalirion · · Score: 1

      I doubt it, Lord Xenu has prior art.

  7. new implants for my eye's nerve ends by holywarrior21c · · Score: 0

    x-rays and night vision for my eye?

  8. Re:"Israeli researchers have..." by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    ICQ
    PHP
    RSA (in use, right?)
    USB flash storage devices (see M-Systems)
    Water sprinklers
    Cherry tomatoes
    Epilady hair remover
    Many, many new medicines (see Teva)
    Various kinds of defense weapons

    Should I go on?

  9. FYI by louzer · · Score: 0

    Picrotoxin, a poisonous crystalline plant alkaloid that kills living things with brains was used to make neurons fire in a specific pattern. BTW, Is it true that developments in neuroscience are mostly hype and at snails pace?

    --
    Heroes die once, cowards live longer.
    1. Re:FYI by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      certainly this one is. adding a pattern of spike trains to those being output by a randomly colonized set of in vitro neuronal cells has the same relationship to actual biological memory as adding static to an SMB network, aka none,

    2. Re:FYI by Metasquares · · Score: 4, Informative

      Yes and no. Individual improvements tend to be incremental because everyone wants to get a lot of stuff published (this applies to about all of science nowadays). On the other hand, there still are the occasional breakthroughs, and overall the field is moving fairly rapidly. The research tends to sound really interesting, which leads to "hype" when the news agencies attempt to translate the messages in publications for the general public. The papers themselves (and papers in general, really) tend to be cautiously optimistic, citing potential problems, limitations, and improvements for the research in the conclusion.

  10. Pain by Ignis+Flatus · · Score: 4, Interesting

    taught new firing patterns to a network of neurons by targeting specific points of the network with a chemical called picrotoxin. The new patterns lasted for up to two days without harming the pre-existing firing patterns
    or maybe they just caused an injury to the network that took 2 days to heal
    1. Re:Pain by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      An injury that didn't harm pre-existing firing patterns? That kind of 'injury' doesn't sound so bad, does it.

  11. RIAA by revengebomber · · Score: 5, Funny

    Shit, now the MAFIAA can sue me for remembering something, since it can be recovered two days later.

    --
    09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
    45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
  12. I tried this experiment... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    ...once.
    The mold in the refrigerator hasn't shut up since. Stupid mold.

  13. Storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Does that mean i can use my girlfriend as an external storage?

    1. Re:Storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Could be dependancy issues.

    2. Re:Storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only if you have the right adapter.

    3. Re:Storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      even better, you can use that hooker as external storage too! cheaper too, and probably a better warrenty. tho it'll come loaded with a lot of apps you probably didn't want...

  14. First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by blind+biker · · Score: 5, Interesting

    And quite pertinent, too.

    On a very much related tangent, I hope this sort of research will lead to better interfaces between electronic "input devices" like digital cameras and microphones, and the brain itself. That would greatly improve the condition of blind and deaf people.

    --
    "The agriculture ministry is not in charge of Gundam" - Japanese ministry official.
    1. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      or re-transmit nerve impulses past damaged nerve endings that have been damaged.

    2. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by wframe9109 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      When early man first discovered that a wheel could roll down a hill, how much closer did it bring them to modern day technology used in cars?

      Answer: Not very, if at all.

      I invite you to sit in on a class discussing this topic (memory); we know so little it's almost entertaining.

    3. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by Plutonite · · Score: 1

      Bit far off, no? They just managed to use chemical compounds to control neuron firing patters on some isolated cells. [typical slashdot skepticism coming] They probably can't even control the patterns they imprinted.

      Also, how the hell can you connect the camera to the "wetware" inside the brain(Zonk's word, never heard the term wetware before)? Wireless power? Ouch.

      On a sidenote:they say they used "picrotoxin". It has the "toxin" in it. Is that a nice thing?

    4. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by kohaku · · Score: 0

      the GP still has a valid point; after all one doesn't have to understand the inner workings of the brain, merely how to 'interface' with them. For example, an electronic eye would only have to know what impulses to send to the brain along the optic nerve. Then again, I may have misinterpreted the GP's post :)

    5. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by blincoln · · Score: 1

      Zonk's word, never heard the term wetware before

      Kids today. Don't you read the classics in school anymore?

      --
      "...always new atoms but always doing the same dance, remembering what the dance was yesterday." -Richard Feynman
    6. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by slashdotmsiriv · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "When early man first discovered that a wheel could roll down a hill, how much closer did it bring them to modern day technology used in cars?"

      When the early 20th century man first discovered controlled flight, how much closer did it bring them to the Boeing 747's and the Apollo program?
      When early 20th century man first discovered computational models, how much closer did it bring them to .... and so on ...

      Your argument is invalid

    7. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Goodness I've forgotten my password (This is the guy who's argument is apparently invalid).

      I tried to use an analogy that people without a background in neuroscience would have an easier time understanding. Do you realize how young neuroscience is? Do you realize how little we know about brain, and more specifically, memory? Sure, we have some basic ideas and theories, but if you take a class on this topic, you would realize that we really have next to no idea whats going on.

      Did I get across the sillyness of taking this study or the utilization of the word "cyborg" as an indication of advancement in the field? I think so...

    8. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by DeadChobi · · Score: 1

      Sir, I work for the department of redundancy department, and I'm going to have to tell you that I have to ask you that you need to walk over here and come with me to talk about my questions about your damaged nerve endings that have been damaged.

      --
      SRSLY.
    9. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by Eccles · · Score: 1

      Sir, I work for the department of redundancy department

      Which one?

      --
      Ooh, a sarcasm detector. Oh, that's a real useful invention.
    10. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by eyloni · · Score: 1

      -- we know so little it's almost entertaining. As is evident by the lack of interesting posts on this topic... including this one.

    11. Re:First non-SF use for the word "cyborg"? by quakehead3 · · Score: 1

      >Your argument is invalid

      Welcome to Slashdot!

  15. Improved study method? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Just load programs ala matrix style?

    If thats so, give me black belt knowledge in lots of martials arts, skill in every weapon, and some of that ninja magic shit, cause them pirates have got a thing to answer for!

    1. Re:Improved study method? by Ino · · Score: 2, Funny

      You can almost see Neo:
          - Wow, I know sendmail now!
      Morpheus: - Show me.

      And then the PFY calling the others:
      Morpheus is spamming Neo...

      QMail - on the other hand....

      Ino!~

    2. Re:Improved study method? by Glowing+Fish · · Score: 1

      What type of ninja needs that to defeat a pirate? Just wail on your guitar and wait for them to blow up.

      --
      Hopefully I didn't put any [] around my words.
  16. Hmmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Maybe Arnold Schwarzenegger really has been to Mars?

  17. Now I need a USB cable for my brain by bl8n8r · · Score: 1

    I could use it as a big jump drive.

    --
    boycott slashdot February 10th - 17th check out: altSlashdot.org
    1. Re:Now I need a USB cable for my brain by It'sYerMam · · Score: 1

      I can't wait to be able to grep for where I left my keys.

      --
      im in ur .sig, writin ur memes.
    2. Re:Now I need a USB cable for my brain by NanoGradStudent · · Score: 1

      Man, this post has been up how long without a reference to Johnny Mnemonic? (the short story by William Gibson and then film starring Keanu Reeves).

      Well, I for one welcome our new data trafficking, USB-port toting overlords!

      --
      Just a little guy, y'know?
    3. Re:Now I need a USB cable for my brain by emurphy42 · · Score: 1
  18. Re:"Israeli researchers have..." by NobleSavage · · Score: 0

    LMAO

  19. i hope she doesnt... by h3rb3v0r3 · · Score: 1

    suffer a core dump....

    or worse

    have a seg fault

    and if you overcome those difficulties and it actually works for you, i'd like some advise as i'd might consider thinking of setting up a RAID array, but i have concerns regarding the upkeep requirements with regards to the communication network that was available, your advice? :)

    1. Re:i hope she doesnt... by Nappa48 · · Score: 1

      Nah man, setting up a RAID GF isn't the best idea, they'd need to be seperated by a pretty large distance, defeating any purpose really.
      Having one GF is bad enough, you're talking 2 GFs in close-proximity?? Are you CRAZY? Thats like blowing up a nuke with another nuke...attached to your head by a strap!

  20. Hardware? by DynaSoar · · Score: 1

    Why is this under hardware? We may not have a wetware section, but surely this is a science article.

    Now, this story relates a neat hack. They were able to account for the background of spontaneous firing and find their signal amid the noise. Very clever. Can't say as I see it being good for much other than having shown it can be done and supporting the Hebbian neural network theory. But then, science is about finding stuff out. This they did. Even if nothing practical comes of it, it's a win for the science team.

    --
    "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
  21. Operational Requirements by LamboAlpha · · Score: 1

    Don't tell me in addition to electricity, my computer is now going to need fool/water supply and I am also going to have to take care of a liquid/solid waste.

    1. Re:Operational Requirements by WNivek · · Score: 1

      my computer is now going to need fool
      doesn't it already have one?

    2. Re:Operational Requirements by DanJ_UK · · Score: 1

      To be fair you'd save a fair amount of money if you could power your PC on those cheapo nasty protein shakes from your local corner shop. Mac's would obviously require something more expensive and classy though, something organic, maybe? Or perhaps a Beluga Caviare...?

      I see this having severe repercussions; SuperGeeks(TM) across the entire Globe will start showing signs of social anxiety, possibly leading to further psychological trauma, as soon as the day comes when they're forced to say their goodbyes to their traditional, obsolete, semiconductor companions in favour of their exciting new biological replacements.

      There's got to be at least two, "I, for one..." lines there.

      --
      - Dan
    3. Re:Operational Requirements by eeyoredragon · · Score: 1

      Don't you call those... babies?

      The day I can hook a baby up to my router for extra on the fly storage... well, that will one great day. Babies have a much greater WAF (Wife Acceptance Factor) than electronics. It's a win/win!

  22. LIke a read-only memory by mangu · · Score: 2, Informative
    maybe they just caused an injury to the network that took 2 days to heal


    You used a word with negative connotations, but that's how many electronic memory devices work. They start with a full set of connections and are programmed by deleting all the unwanted connections.


    In old-style PROMs (programmable read-only memories) the connections were metallic fuses that were burned by a pulse of current. Then came EPROMs (eraseable programmable read-only memories) where the connections could be restored by bathing the chip in ultraviolet radiation for 20 minutes. Today we have many kinds of EEPROMs (electrically eraseable programmable read-only memories) where the connections can be restored by sending commands to the chip.


    Anyhow, the programming for each of those chips has always been done by breaking links, that is by "injuring" the chip.

  23. You... by larpon · · Score: 1

    You have a girlfriend?

  24. Link to the paper by the_kanzure · · Score: 1

    Towards neuro-memory-chip: Imprinting multiple memories in cultured neural networks; Itay Baruchi and Eshel Ben-Jacob. 2007. What interesting device combinations can we imagine with the awesome 2003 P. P. Irazoqui neurotransceiver?

  25. Whose Brains? by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

    The article speculates a lot about potential applications in human tissue. But what species' neurons are in the experimental network? And why don't these very superficial science articles reporting on a real journal entry actually link to the article they're discussing?

    --

    --
    make install -not war

  26. Nemory Lab by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

    I wonder what the artificial memory seemed like to the critter in the jar. Probably something like "whoa, I'm tripping!"

    The Schneidics Institute needs one of these labs for nemory experiments. Or maybe it needs not to have one, and never know the difference.

    --

    --
    make install -not war

  27. Go forth and hyperlink, by the_kanzure · · Score: 1

    My knee-jerk reaction was an agreement, since we all could be using hyperlinks in journalism (little reason not to); but, the trick on the WWW is to not scream when we come into incompetence-- or lack of imagination re: linking. Not all people have not been introduced to the Way of the internet.

    1. Re:Go forth and hyperlink, by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1
      Er, that article is content republished on their website from their paper edition:

      From issue 2607 of New Scientist magazine, 08 June 2007, page 29

      Their Web editor certainly has been introduced to "the Way of the Internet". All the ads on the page are linked to their targets.

      Lack of linking isn't lack of imagination, it's lack of competence, like leaving out the job/interest of a named source, or any failure to cite. Especially in a scientific (if pop) journal, there's no excuse.

      And FWIW, I didn't scream. I kvetched and specified an improvement. What did you do? Came up with an excuse to lower our expectations, rather than a way to get more of the minimum performance.
      --

      --
      make install -not war

    2. Re:Go forth and hyperlink, by the_kanzure · · Score: 1

      What did you do? Came up with an excuse to lower our expectations, rather than a way to get more of the minimum performance.
      My apologies, I did not mean to imply that you were screaming. I was being ... poetic. No hard feelings?
    3. Re:Go forth and hyperlink, by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      No hard feelings - it's just a disagreement. But I do think poetry should be accurate, even when imprecise. Poetry is effective, even when misused.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

  28. My keys! my keys! a kingdom for my car keys! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's an very impressive achievement. But can it remember where I left my car keys?

  29. Controlling memory creation by the_kanzure · · Score: 1

    I wonder what the artificial memory seemed like to the critter in the jar. Probably something like "whoa, I'm tripping!"
    Technically the chemical in question could be one of the many neurotoxins, just as lead (Pb) acts as one of the many human toxins. Injection of picrotoxin might be stimulating neurons in some fashion that is abnormal or detrimental, not to mention that these results only had imprints lasting days and not years. And maybe it is an equivalent psychadelic? Maybe not.

    ... and injection of microdroplets (10 microliters) at a rate of one every 20 sec of 100 micromoles picrotoxin dissolved in neuron growth medium [an ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA antagonist, which reduces the influence of inhibitory synapses [20]].
    Eventually, the hope is that we can find some set of chemicals that produces neurobehavior much like we see under fMRI and other scanning methodologies. And I think there is a theory out there on the internet, maybe this is just leftover from religious institutions, basically the claim that there are different neurostructures that produce different 'intelligences' or information processing tools, so our memory-in-the-jar might not be able to remember much of itself. Not sure if we are ready to classify neuroprocessing yet.
    1. Re:Controlling memory creation by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      This experiment is the basis for labs to investigate all these questions. Especially as microfluidics and MEMS get more flexible, complex and easily programmable, and neural/electronic/optic interfaces give us better interfaces for "visualizing" the produced data.

      Oh, and most psychedelics (like LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, phenethylamines, etc) are nontoxic. Their action is theorized to result from signal interference (noise) and consequential effects. This "bench" is an excellent harness in which to research those systems.

      But there is a show-stopping ethical question of whether these experiments are any more acceptable on this neuron net than they would be on a whole, live, natural organism of the species. Especially when the experiments use human neurons, that issue is essential. Of course that hasn't stopped (or even entered into) this experiment's performance. But that's because the lab for those ethical experiments, our society, is hopelessly unscientific and crude.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    2. Re:Controlling memory creation by blincoln · · Score: 1

      But there is a show-stopping ethical question of whether these experiments are any more acceptable on this neuron net than they would be on a whole, live, natural organism of the species.

      Why wouldn't they be ethical? Unless it's such a complete functioning brain that it has the capability for self-awareness, I don't see a problem. It's the same as any experiment on a cadaver or amputated body part.

      --
      "...always new atoms but always doing the same dance, remembering what the dance was yesterday." -Richard Feynman
    3. Re:Controlling memory creation by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      These are not dead, they're just dumb.

      Why does it have to be a complete, functioning brain to be self-aware? People with severe brain damage, much less than half a brain, are still self aware, and we don't think it ethical to zap them with false memories. Somewhere between the least functioning human brain we've got, and just one lone neuron without any interconnects, lies some critical mass (or range) that we wouldn't fool with. And now that we're facing it, we have to think it through, or we'll definitely make a mistake we'll regret once it's too late to go back.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

  30. Woo hoo! Time to take that vacation to Mars! by mozumder · · Score: 2, Funny

    I've always wanted to go there, but just couldn't afford a real vacation. Now I can finally visit Mars.

    Now, what sort of options are available for the memory implant's "ego trip"?

  31. Re:Woo hoo! Time to take that vacation to Mars! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Forget Mars, it's dry and dusty anyway.

    Just let me remember that one night with Scarlett Johansson! I've always wanted to go there, but just couldn't afford a real woman!

  32. Permissions by zapwow · · Score: 1

    Fun: chmod g=r my.brain Scary: chmod g=rw my.brain

  33. Future Computer Virus? by ROMRIX · · Score: 1

    No, honestly Mom, I wasn't looking at porn again. The computer sneezed all over my keyboard!

    1. Re:Future Computer Virus? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Talking about computer spooge, eh?

  34. Another obligatory joke by emurphy42 · · Score: 1

    "I want room service! I want the club sandwich, I want the cold Mexican beer, I want a $10,000-a-night hooker! I want my shirts laundered like they do at the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo."

  35. Brainwashing? by Kensai7 · · Score: 1

    Depends on what you mean by "brainwashing".

    A data storage system based on live neurons doesn't necessarily mean you'll become the automaton of an evil 1984 society. Film-based sci-fi cyborg scenarios are way beyond reach for the time being. Using the term 'cyborg' sensu strictu at the moment implies a hybrid neuroelectronic system for health monitoring purposes.

    Initial practical applications of the breakthrough are noted at the bottom of the article: These would be useful for monitoring biological systems like the brain and blood since, being human, they would respond to the same chemicals.

    In theory yes, it could "brainwash"... for example if the neurochip finds impurities or toxins in the brain's liquor!

    --
    "Sum Ergo Cogito"
  36. Re:"Israeli researchers have..." by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    no, go back to your pork schnitzel, shlomo! fyi: M-systems did not invent Flash, nor USb keys is that a such a great invention? ditto for ICQ. various kinds of defense weapons.. lame! OK, I'll bite, Brits, Americans and Germans invented everything else, so what!

  37. Re:Woo hoo! Time to take that vacation to Mars! by Eccles · · Score: 1

    Can it work to help forgetting? There's goatse.cx, tubgirl, and that weekend in Tijuana...

    --
    Ooh, a sarcasm detector. Oh, that's a real useful invention.
  38. cool.. by vuffi_raa · · Score: 1

    cool- when I am old and my brain goes I can install a new one and flash the firmware-
    or hell I can just flash someone else's brain and be in there... nice

  39. First Time? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Created artificial memories for the FIRST time, my ass. I remember doing it
    back in the late 70's.

  40. Well, no. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This only works on things that have a brain (or other similar arrangement of neurons)