Slashdot Mirror


Largest Black Hole Measured

porkpickle tips us to a BBC article on the quasar OJ287, a binary object containing largest black hole yet discovered, weighing in at 18 billion times the mass of Sol. Researchers were able to estimate its mass due to the presence of a smaller black hole in orbit around it. When the smaller companion's orbit intersects OJ287's accretion disk, once every 12 years, it triggers a burst of radiation that was detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope. More detail and a diagram are available on the Turku University site.

48 of 170 comments (clear)

  1. eh? I don't get it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    How large can a singularity be?

    I mean, if they used the word "massive" I'd get it. But large?

    1. Re:eh? I don't get it? by AmaDaden · · Score: 4, Informative
      It think they are not 100% sure about the whole "a black hole is a singularity" thing.

      quantum mechanics .... does not allow objects to have zero size--so quantum mechanics says the center of a black hole is not a singularity but just a very large mass compressed into the smallest possible volume.
      from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole
    2. Re:eh? I don't get it? by pclminion · · Score: 4, Informative

      A black hole has an event horizon. This horizon has a very well-defined size.

    3. Re:eh? I don't get it? by moderatorrater · · Score: 4, Informative

      The event horizon is often considered the size of a black hole since nothing could ever leave that space.

    4. Re:eh? I don't get it? by BobGod8 · · Score: 5, Informative

      Actually it's way more complicated than that. Only non-rotating black holes could ever truly be point masses. Any angular momentum creates complicated tidal effects near the center, resulting in a non-point-mass. Carried further, the "singularity" expands until the point where it would effectively reach the event horizon itself, resulting in a naked singularity, which some calculations have shown can have actual size. Adding further rotation will (to a point), actually change the size of the "singularity". Of course, this is all moot, since that's not at all what the article was talking about, but that's my .02$.

    5. Re:eh? I don't get it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      That's misleading, and I'm guessing you don't really understand what you're describing. A rotating black hole (aka every black hole, to some extent), is still a singularity (no need for quotation marks, it still has zero volume) despite not being a point. It's a ring with zero cross-sectional area, sort of like an infinitely thin thread arranged in a circle.

      Furthermore, this thread is based on quibbling over semantics without really understanding what the author quite validly meant. The "black hole" aspect of a singularity is a description of the effects of its event horizon, which of course scales with mass. A more massive black hole is by definition larger then a less massive black hole. Someone mod this up so this misunderstanding can be cleared up for more people.

    6. Re:eh? I don't get it? by jgarra23 · · Score: 2, Informative

      How large can a singularity be?

      I mean, if they used the word "massive" I'd get it. But large?


      I believe they are measuring the event horizon, not the singularity.

    7. Re:eh? I don't get it? by mtmra70 · · Score: 2, Funny

      The more important question is, how do you have an unmeasured 'largest black hole'?

  2. Wow. by AltGrendel · · Score: 4, Funny
    A binary black hole system.

    Proctologists across the globe swoon!

    --
    The simple truth is that interstellar distances will not fit into the human imagination

    - Douglas Adams

  3. so is Rosie orbiting Oprah, or vice versa? by ImYY4U · · Score: 2, Funny

    Which one weighs 18 billion times our sun, and which ones weighs 100 million times our sun?

    --
    "Know but never fear the consequences of your actions."
  4. Ask slashdot by sm62704 · · Score: 4, Funny
    Is there a theoretical limit to the size of a black hole?

    That was serious, here's the link to the non-serious.

    A Black hole is an impossible object which makes the Universe work. It has the useful property of being "undetectable". It's like when your spouse comes home with a dent in the car, and blames it on an invisible black mass; the dent is proof of the black mass, but you can't, and never will be able to see it with CCTV cameras, but you know it's there. "Dark matter" is an equally undetectable force that causes cars to defy gravity, and hit invisible black holes. Astronomers will tell you that lots of them have spouses with dents in their cars, and can explain this is very technical terms, so you won't be able to understand why it's not possible.
    More there...
    --
    mcgrew's razor: Never attribute to stupidity that which can be explained by greedy self-interest
    1. Re:Ask slashdot by ArcherB · · Score: 4, Informative

      Is there a theoretical limit to the size of a black hole? While I can't give you numbers since I'm going from memory, but there used to be a theoretical limit to black hole size. This was before "Super Massive Black Holes" were discovered in the center of every galaxy. Super Massive Black Holes are much more massive than the previous theoretical limit and were thought to be impossible so many astronomers were claiming that such a thing was couldn't exist while others were saying, "Oh yeah? Then why don't you put down the chalk, professor, and come down to my observatory and tell me what that big-ass black gravity thing is in the middle of our galaxy!" (Of course, they couldn't really see it, but you get the point)

      I think astronomers are reluctant to guess at a size limit now as they don't want another discovery to make them look like asses.
      --
      There is no "I disagree" mod for a reason. Flamebait, Troll, and Overrated are not substitutes.
    2. Re:Ask slashdot by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      While I can't give you numbers since I'm going from memory, but there used to be a theoretical limit to black hole size. There has never been a theoretical limit to the size of a generic black hole. (Technically, the observable universe could be in a giant black hole.) But back when people thought the only way a black hole could form was from the collapse of a single star, there was a practical limit on the size of an astrophysical black hole: if it forms from stellar collapse, it can't be more massive than the most massive stars. Everyone recognized that black holes can get larger by swallowing more mass, but it was a long time before people seriously considered the possibility of supermassive black holes actually existing.
    3. Re:Ask slashdot by Cassini2 · · Score: 2, Informative

      The Eddington limit appears to limit the size of a star. At one point in time, it was thought that black holes formed from the collapse of stars. Later on, it was concluded that supermassive black holes are very good at feeding on neighboring stars, and thus supermassive black holes could form. The Wikipedia page on Black Hole Parameters has an explanation.

  5. Re:that's a lot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    My googling says its even more impressive (http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=31) 100 billion stars in the Milky Way and most are smaller than the sun, so 18 billion makes it very greedy indeed!

  6. When it comes to choosing neighbors, by davidsyes · · Score: 2, Funny

    I pine for Sol, not a massive black hole. Otherwise, we'll have a massive cleanup job? Oh, wait...

    --
    Previously: "Linux... Toward the Sunrise..." Now: "Linux... Toward the-- No, now, part of Every Sunrise"
  7. Ugh, the jokes aren't even funny anymore... by AndGodSed · · Score: 2, Funny

    Seems like /. is going down one of them two holes...

  8. Need a better measurement comparison by vjmurphy · · Score: 4, Funny

    "largest black hole yet discovered, weighing in at 18 billion times the mass of Sol."

    Yes, but how many Twinkies is that?

    --
    Vincent J. Murphy
    Spandex Justice
    1. Re:Need a better measurement comparison by wizardforce · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yes, but how many Twinkies is that?
      heh.. just for the heck of it: mass of twinkie: ~35 grams, mass of sun =2*10^30 kg, mass of blackhole: 18*10^9 sol therefore, 18*10^9*2*10^30/35g*1000g/kg~= 10^42 twinkies.
      --
      Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
    2. Re:Need a better measurement comparison by networkBoy · · Score: 3, Funny

      You know, somehow that 42 is the exponent for number of twinkies in a black hole makes me worry about life, the universe, and everything....
      -nB

      --
      whois gawk date unzip strip find touch finger mount join nice man top fsck grep eject more yes exit umount sleep dump
    3. Re:Need a better measurement comparison by protolith · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Or you could say a Twinkie approximately 10^38 km long and weighing 3.5*10^37 metric tons.

      Or 3.685*10^29 AU, (3.24810^24 Parsecs), 1.05*10^25 light years, room for about a billion of these in the universe!

      "That's a really big Twinkie"

  9. Re:The Mass of a Hole? by Mantaar · · Score: 2, Informative

    A "black hole" is not a hole like in your cheese - it's just a very sloppy term for an actual object with a higher-than-usual mass. So high, that it swallows all the light it might emit otherwise and thus appears to be totally black. Due to it's (assumed) look it's been dubbed a "black hole", though it's not really a hole - and it probably wouldn't be too dark around it, too...

    The Hawking Evaporation or just random stuff that's falling into it (gas, particles) should emit a considerable amount of light. Within the Event Horizon, of course, everything's pitch dark. So, the thing should actually look like a Space Donut.

    --
    I'm an infovore...
  10. correction: 325 AU by peter303 · · Score: 2, Funny

    used miles instead of km for AU :-)

  11. Tag as Sun!Sol by MtlDty · · Score: 2

    Why do people say 'sol' instead of 'sun'. Is there some fundamental difference, or are they just trying to sound smart?

    1. Re:Tag as Sun!Sol by AbsoluteXyro · · Score: 2, Informative

      We're pretty used to referring to Sol as "the sun" but the truth is, a sun is a thing and there are many of them. It is silly to call ours THE sun, because it clearly isn't. In actually, it is ONE OF the suns. Sol is our sun's Latin name. Similarly, Luna is our moon's Latin name.

    2. Re:Tag as Sun!Sol by kalirion · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It's equally silly to say The White House when there are plenty of white houses around, no?

    3. Re:Tag as Sun!Sol by illogique · · Score: 2, Informative

      why many suns? it's more like they are many stars and our star is name the sun!
      similarly, the moon is the name of the Earth natural satellite

  12. gridwars by doti · · Score: 2, Informative

    This story makes me want to play gridwars2 again.

    And again, and again...

    --
    factor 966971: 966971
  13. Question about gravity by caywen · · Score: 5, Interesting

    One question I have about gravity and black holes is this: If nothing can escape the event horizon, how can gravity escape it? In other words, would objects outside the event horizon ever feel the pull of gravity from that which is inside the event horizon?

    1. Re:Question about gravity by fred+fleenblat · · Score: 2, Insightful

      gravity *waves* cannot escape the event horizon, so presumably something like a starquake of the singularity cannot be detected. however, the gravitational field around the black hole is/was established before stuff falls in so as far as the rest of the universe is concerned the black hole has normal gravity. there's some weird effects like frame dragging though. check wikipedia for some explanations. IANAP.

    2. Re:Question about gravity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Gravitational pull isn't something that is being radiated out of bodies. Just changes of it.

      (In fact if the singularity somehow disappeared magically the outside world wouldn't detect it since the signal of black hole disappearing wouldn't escape from the gravitational well.)

    3. Re:Question about gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 3, Informative

      Other people have answered your question (radiation cannot escape from inside the horizon, but it can still generate a static external field), but here is a FAQ with more detail, including the quantum picture.

    4. Re:Question about gravity by JohnFluxx · · Score: 2, Insightful

      One hypothesis of gravity is that it is an exchange of 'gravitons'. If this hypothesis is indeed correct, then it does indeed make sense to ask how these gravitons can escape a black hole. And I don't know the answer to that.

      But the most commonly accepted theory is that heavy objects cause the fabric of spacetime to bend under its mass - like a heavy ball placed on rubber sheet.
      With this image, it is spacetime that bends so there's no meaningful question for how gravity 'escapes' from it.

    5. Re:Question about gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Interesting

      However, the mediating particles themselves are not affected by the force they mediate. Otherwise the universe would disappear up its own arse.
      Hence, gravity is not affected by gravity. Actually, most mediating particles are affected by the force they mediate, including gluons, the hypothetical gravitons, and IIRC the W bosons.

      In gauge theory, a non-Abelian gauge group will in general lead to a nonlinear Yang-Mills theory with self-interacting fields, in contrast to the linear Abelian theory of electrodynamics.

      Because gluons, the mediator of the strong nuclear force, themselves carry strong ("color") charge, it's possible for them to bind to each other. (See glueballs in quantum chromodynamics.)

      Similarly, gravity gravitates: gravitons interact with each other, because they have energy and anything with energy gravitates. This idea holds even in classical general relativity: gravitational fields themselves gravitate. Analogously to QCD glueballs, general relativity can have gravitational geons, which are regions of gravitational field which hold themselves together under their own gravity. (You might think that a vacuum black hole has that property too, but I'm talking about purely non-singular field configurations.)
    6. Re:Question about gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      One hypothesis of gravity is that it is an exchange of 'gravitons'. If this hypothesis is indeed correct, then it does indeed make sense to ask how these gravitons can escape a black hole. And I don't know the answer to that. Static gravitational fields are mediated by virtual gravitons, which can travel at any speed, including faster than light. However, you cannot use them to transmit information, i.e., changes in the field from inside the horizon.

      With this image, it is spacetime that bends so there's no meaningful question for how gravity 'escapes' from it. Right. Classically you can see that the exterior field does not depend on the interior field, and that gravitational radiation generated inside the hole can't get out.
    7. Re:Question about gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      If I used my magic obliterator to magically make the sun disappear, would Earth go flying off into space at the same moment or would it continue to orbit the missing sun for the 8 minutes it would take the last rays of light to reach us? The latter.

      This is where they say gravitons come in as a particle that conveys gravity which doesn't make any sense. Why doesn't it make any sense? Photons are particles which convey electric and magnetic forces, do you have a problem with them too?

      Anyway, you don't need to appeal to graviton particles to answer the above question. Even in classical general relativity, the answer is still "8 minutes later", since that's how long for gravitational waves of spacetime curvature, traveling at the speed of light, take to reach the Earth.
  14. That's incredible! by renfrow · · Score: 5, Informative

    Using this illustration and my trusty piece of paper straight edge, I estimate the long axis of the orbit to be 21000 AU and the minor axis to be 16000 AU. Using Ramunjan's Approximation for the circumference of the elliptical orbit and converting to light years, I guesstimate the circumference of the orbit to be ~1.99 (call it 2) light years.

    For a 12 year orbital period this means that the orbiting black hole is AVERAGING 1/6c (~49965km/sec, call it 50k km/sec)... meaning at periquaserion it's really booking! Much faster than The Dash!

    Tom.

    1. Re:That's incredible! by cababunga · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Using same precise methods of measuring orbit axis and equation for calculating elliptic orbit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_orbit, 12 year period gives us speed 11k km/s in apoapsis and 64k km/s in periapsis. As I understand, with Lorentz transformation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation 64k becomes 62.5k.

  15. And so... by Cleon · · Score: 3, Funny

    I think this finally means that we have a definition for the SI unit "fuck-ton."

    --
    Gifts for Geeks - Stuff that really matters!
  16. Re:that's a lot by HAKdragon · · Score: 4, Funny

    Hawking: Homer, your theory of a donut shaped universe intrigues me

    --
    "Our opponent is an alien starship packed with atomic bombs. We have a protractor."
  17. Re:orbiting blackholes? by AbsoluteXyro · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It could be argued that the singularity of a black hole is an impossibly dense star. In which case, it would still be a solar system. However, it would only be a solar system if it had planets orbiting around it. It is highly unlikely that a black hole would have planets orbiting it, as the planets would have insufficient mass to keep from simply falling in to the black hole, that is to say the overwhelming mass of the black hole would place the barycenter of the black hole and any accompanying planet well inside the event horizon, and the orbital velocity that would be required to prevent simply being sucked in would be nigh unthinkable. A pair of black holes orbiting each other would be a binary system, just like two stars orbiting each other.

  18. Re:orbiting blackholes? by sentientbeing · · Score: 3, Interesting

    A holer system.

    --

    ------
    beware he who would deny you access to information, for in his mind he dreams himself your master
  19. Re:orbiting blackholes? by Ambitwistor · · Score: 4, Informative

    It is highly unlikely that a black hole would have planets orbiting it, as the planets would have insufficient mass to keep from simply falling in to the black hole, If the Sun collapsed into a black hole, its gravitational pull on the Earth wouldn't change.

    that is to say the overwhelming mass of the black hole would place the barycenter of the black hole and any accompanying planet well inside the event horizon, Maybe you're talking about supermassive black holes, but if you're talking about black holes in solar systems, formed from collapsed stars, that's not true. A black hole is not "overwhelmingly massive"; it generally has less mass than the star it formed from, since some mass may be lost during the collapse. (Unless it gains a lot more later ...)

    Furthermore, as the Earth-Sun barycenter is well outside the Sun's Schwarzschild radius, it would be outside the event horizon of a solar-mass black hole, too. Not that the location of the barycenter even matters to the stability of the orbit.

    There are exoplanets — the first discovered, actually — known to orbit neutron stars, which are only 10-20 km in radius. There's no reason why planets couldn't orbit black holes too.
  20. Re:orbiting blackholes? by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

    The existence of a single solar mass black hole has nothing to do with any of the facts I stated. They hold no matter what the mass of the black hole, so long as it's not comparable in size to the planet's orbit itself.

    (FYI, the smallest known black hole candidates are about 3 solar masses, with a size of about 18 km in diameter, i.e., about half the size of a neutron star.)

  21. Re:no pictures by Arthur+Grumbine · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Neither of them are working for me today
    "Today"?! How often do you feel the need to stare at a gaping anus?!?
    --
    Now that I think about it, I'm pretty sure everything I just said is completely wrong.
  22. Re:that's a lot by Lijemo · · Score: 2, Informative

    I'll save you all the time of googling this cuz I know you wanna know too. There's 200-400 billion stars in the milky way for example but most are bigger than our sun I think. So 18 billion solar masses is A LOT of stars to suck up in one galaxy. Geeze the think probably looks like a big donut by now.

    Actually, my understanding is that the most common stars in the galaxy are Red Dwarfs, and thus smaller than our sun. (Yup, NASA confirms: http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/red_dwarf.html)

  23. I see they used the term "Sol" by not+already+in+use · · Score: 2, Funny

    For those of you who don't know, the term "Sol" means "A whale's vagina."

    --
    Similes are like metaphors
  24. Re:Now I don't get it! by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Interesting

    No. If you try to create gravitational waves (or light waves) and sent them back out through the horizon, they instead fall into the singularity (albeit more slowly than you yourself do as you fall, so you still see them traveling away from you).