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China's Battle to Police the Web

What_the_deuce writes "For the first time in years, internet browsers are able to visit the BBC's website. In turn, the BBC turns a lens on the Chinese web-browsing experience, exploring one of the government's strongest methods of controlling the communication and information accessible to the public. 'China does not block content or web pages in this way. Instead the technology deployed by the Chinese government, called Golden Shield, scans data flowing across its section of the net for banned words or web addresses. There are five gateways which connect China to the internet and the filtering happens as data is passed through those ports. When the filtering system spots a banned term it sends instructions to the source server and destination PC to stop the flow of data.'"

49 of 171 comments (clear)

  1. SSL? Freenet? by EdIII · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I'm pretty impressed that they have the ability to scan the data in the first place. That must not be cheap, or easy.

    However, if it is only scanning for keywords why aren't people bypassing it with encrypted websites, Freenet, etc?

    I think if we were talking to some average Chinese students on the street we would get the real 411 on just how effective this "Golden Shield" really is.

    1. Re:SSL? Freenet? by lamarguy91 · · Score: 4, Informative
      Did you not read the full article? They already are.

      But there have been well-documented ways to by-pass China's firewall. One method involves connecting to a friendly computer outside China and using it as a proxy, to access websites that are banned.
      China cannot block every computer outside its borders so this method has proved popular with citizens wanting unfettered access to the net.


      I would like to know what else they are using. I might learn a thing or two from it.
    2. Re:SSL? Freenet? by CRCulver · · Score: 4, Informative

      However, if it is only scanning for keywords why aren't people bypassing it with encrypted websites, Freenet, etc?

      The expats I've met in China use Firefox with the Tor extension. It slows things down, so they just normally browse, and then active Tor when they want to go to a banned site.

    3. Re:SSL? Freenet? by wbean · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Well,yes, you can do that. But I have a friend who lives in Beijing and he tells me that if you use a vpn and have too much traffic across it they will shut it down. So the firewall is aware of the presence of the vpn and can measure the traffic. Furthermore, too much use of a vpn may cast suspicion on you.

    4. Re:SSL? Freenet? by Kalriath · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, they could get a server in a datacentre in the US and either RDP or VNC to it. Since the only thing being transmitted then becomes images, the Shield wouldn't be able to do anything useful with it.

      --
      For a site about things like basic rights, Slashdot users sure do like to censor "dissent".
    5. Re:SSL? Freenet? by iminplaya · · Score: 2, Funny

      I'm pretty impressed that they have the ability to scan the data in the first place. That must not be cheap, or easy.

      Good old American knowhow always gets you through the day.

      --
      What?
    6. Re:SSL? Freenet? by Jekler · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Oppressing an entire population is never cheap. However, when that same population is scoured for the resources to oppress them the method pays for itself. Keeping the Chinese population ignorant of their government's workings keeps the wheels turning.

      Imagine keeping a worker in a basement turning a wheel that powers your house. If you use the energy he generates to power a lock on the door, and use a portion of that power to keep him from getting any information on how to quit working, the system pays for itself.

      The Chinese people make incredible innovations, their labors lead to powerful technological developments. Those technologies are then used to keep the Chinese people from escaping their societal prison.

    7. Re:SSL? Freenet? by nurb432 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And in many places in the world, suspicion can be all it takes to ruin your life ( or even end it ), even if you are innocent.

      --
      ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    8. Re:SSL? Freenet? by Sigismundo · · Score: 4, Interesting

      A Chinese colleague of mine explained a simpler way that some Chinese have used to get past the censors. For instance, the character fa of "Falun Gong" gets split into two characters. The left part (the three dots) represents water, so shui is used instead. Without the three dots, fa becomes qu. So rather than write Falun Gong, a message board poster might write Shui-qu-lun Gong. This could be figured out by a person reading it, but wouldn't be found by computer search.

      This was a while ago, and I assume that such a simple substitution would get figured out pretty quickly, but I thought it was neat.

    9. Re:SSL? Freenet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      That must not be cheap, or easy.

      How dare they destroy Chinese culture!

    10. Re:SSL? Freenet? by IkeTo · · Score: 2, Funny

      My understanding is that those the Chinese government really afraid of are those "naive" users. So if you display that you are not in this (major, at least that's what they'd think) set of users, say by using encryption, they no longer bother.

    11. Re:SSL? Freenet? by Squeeze+Truck · · Score: 3, Interesting

      If we were to compare governments to operating systems, the US would be Microsoft, Japan would be Apple and China would be Slackware. It really is the bazaar of societies.

      The "golden shield," like Beijing's attempt to control anything that goes on in China is completely ineffective. Westerners (who believe society is synonymous with government and law) look at China's authoritarian policies and believe that all Chinese people live under repression.

      That simply isn't the case. When Chinese people completely ignore international copyright law they aren't being selective; that's their attitude toward all laws. As the saying goes: heaven is high, and the emperor is far away. If authority can't see you or get to you, then it may as well not exist.

      If the government decides to go after you you can consider yourself proper fucked, but they only do that very rarely, and it's always against individuals or groups that really irritate them. If you keep your head low and don't do anything to inconvenience or embarrass the government they don't care what you do. 99.99% of people have never had to deal with the police, ever. Not even parking tickets. Even fewer have any kind of criminal record.

      That's how it is with internet censorship. The golden shield leaks like a sieve and everyone knows it. Since it's keyword activated you can get away with saying anything you want about the government so long as you abbreviate zhongguo zhengfu (Chinese government) to zgzf, and so on. The system is really only there as a passive (sometimes active) reminder from Beijing that a Chinese government really does exist and they really are in charge, goddammit.

      --

      "Reactionaries must be deprived of the right to voice their opinions; only the people have that right." - Mao

    12. Re:SSL? Freenet? by Nursie · · Score: 2, Informative

      SSH

      Well, that would be my immediate choice. I do it from work sometimes if I don't their filters catching me.

      You need a cooperative machine outside the firewall. Then you ssh to it. SSH can act as a SOCKS proxy if you give it the "-D" option and a port number.

      Firefox and IE can both be set to browse using the proxy. Firefox even has a setting (in about:config or whatever it is) to do DNS through the proxy as well. Then everything is encrypted and travelling over a tunnel to the friendly box outside.

      Extremely simple.

  2. bbc copied article? by ionix5891 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    That article looks awfully familiar to the one that floated to on Digg few days ago, see http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200803/chinese-firewall @ http://digg.com/tech_news/Why_Internet_Censorship_in_China_is_So_Incredibly_Effective

  3. Censorship by alohatiger · · Score: 3, Insightful

    But of course, that's nothing compared to the terrible censorship we endure in America!!

    (I'm just tired of people complaining about this place becoming a police state)

    --
    Bigtime Consulting - "We're the best because we cost the most"
    1. Re:Censorship by webmaster404 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I know you are sarcastic, but really although China has a ton of censorship, the US though says it doesn't have censorship and for the most part people believe that, China on the other hand most people know that it censors and will find ways around it. For the US most are blissfully unaware....

      --
      There is no "disagree" moderation, and troll, flamebait and overrated are not valid substitutes
    2. Re:Censorship by Bryansix · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'm gonna have to say you are blissfully full of crap. What is censored in the US that you can access outside of it?

    3. Re:Censorship by Sancho · · Score: 2, Insightful

      There are different forms of censorship, and you're only focusing on one of them.

      One form is not allowing people access to content by blocking it. That's what China does.

      Another way to censor is to fine people who display unwanted content. The US uses this to keep "bad language", images of a sexual nature, etc. off of non-premium television stations.

      Another form of censorship involves controlling the media. The current administration does this primarily by blacklisting reporters who don't play nicely. Ask a question that's not on the list of safe topics, and good luck interviewing anyone in the government again.

      Banning demonstrations are also a form of censorship, and another form that the US engages in. Search for "free speech zones" for a better understanding.

    4. Re:Censorship by VJ42 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Being a Brit, I love comparing US news sources to others around the world, including those of our "enemies", and I regularly find that news sources from the USA are very introverted compared not only to the BBC, but even Al Jazeera and Chineese State news are more outward looking (even if somewhat biased). It's not just the news of our enemies either I look at other allies news, they too are less introverted than their US equivilents. And it's not that you can't produce quality news from around the world, compare the versions of CNN:
      http://www.cnn.com/
      http://edition.cnn.com/

      But who would think to put "edition" at the beginning of a URL?

      --
      If I have nothing to hide, you have no reason to search me
  4. Can get out with VPN by Big+Frank · · Score: 2, Informative

    Lived in Shanghai for two years until last month. I could always VPN out through the Great Firewall of China to a server outside China (in Japan). It was slow but reliable.

  5. Freedom! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    And a billion Chinese looked at the BBC website, and asked: "What does it say? I can't read English."

  6. the US does the same thing by sentientbrendan · · Score: 3, Interesting

    on much more data, they just don't block people.

  7. How to frustrate the censors: a simple proposal by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting
    The Chinese censorship works by picking out key terms. So here's a simple way for you webmasters to really frustrate the censors. Everybody who's a webmaster for scientific and engineering and technical sites-- the ones that the Chinese really want their people to access-- here's what you need to do. Drop a couple of the forbidden terms in-- say "Free Tibet" and "Dalai Lama" and "Falun Gong" and "June 4 1989"-- at the end of your site. It can even be in white text on white screen; it doesn't matter if the humans can read it, as long as the robots can.

    Now the censors are rapidly going to discover that the firewall isn't working, because suddenly it's blocking all the stuff they want their people to be able to get to!

    1. Re:How to frustrate the censors: a simple proposal by popmaker · · Score: 3, Interesting

      An interesting idea. This might seem a sily question, bu humor me... Is there anything on the internet the Chinese government WANTS their people to be able to get to or or anything that they would be worried about that people might not being able to get to? In other words, who would actually get hurt by this?

  8. Remind me again, why does China have MFN status? by Scareduck · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I don't get why China gets as many breaks as they do, including Most Favored Nation status (permanently!). The 2008 Olympics are looking more and more like the 1936 edition.

    --

    Dog is my co-pilot.

  9. Comcast??? by Shakrai · · Score: 5, Funny

    When the filtering system spots a banned term it sends instructions to the source server and destination PC to stop the flow of data.'

    Comcast has service in China???

    --
    I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
    We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
  10. Borrowed Time by Mongoose+Disciple · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I believe (perhaps naively) that this 'Golden Shield' will ultimately prove to be a failure, current methods to circumvent it notwithstanding.

    More than ever, information is becoming the lifeblood of a people. Without access to the full volume of information freely available to the rest of the world, China will fall behind in crucial ways. The filtering solution won't block out everything important, but it will block out some. Maybe someone mentions Tibet in his chemistry thesis and it's filtered for China, or whatever. There's a piece of information the rest of the world gets for free that a researcher in China might well miss.

    Ultimately I think China will decide it's in its best interest to allow the free flow of information into the country, and that in turn will help drive their country ever more towards modern democracy.

    Of course, I could be completely wrong. Maybe the future will end up like Red Dawn.

    1. Re:Borrowed Time by fredericd · · Score: 2

      I don't think It's in the current Chinese government to let china become a democracy....

  11. "Great Firewall of China" by downix · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Such a system is inherently weak in that even crude encryption techniques render it worthless. Imagine, if you will, a basic anonymizer service using a 128-bit key system. Almost immediately, the robots and spiders would find your communications gibberish. Even the url visited would be garbled and useless. And to attempt to shut down the anonymizing service would be problematic should such a service be switched to a P2P setup, rendering it next to impossible to break.

    Absolutely pathetic come to think about it.

    --
    Karma Whoring for Fun and Profit.
    1. Re:"Great Firewall of China" by glop · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You are looking at it from a technical standpoint. There is also a human standpoint: people in China know that they are being watched, so they self censor the websites they go to in order to be sure that they stay out of trouble.
      It's a bit like when you are at work and you see some headline about the recent security problem at Facebook. You see Paris Hilton mentioned, so you stay clear from the link because you are not sure the article will be purely technical and not embarassing.

      No need for a 100% efficient filtering system to frighten people and cause them to self-censor.

  12. Re:Just Like by ashridah · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Actually, given that china's been doing this for a lot longer.... Comcast is just like China, I'd say.

  13. Re:encryption? by moderatorrater · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Unfortunately there are a few orders of magnitude in the difference of power between the Chinese government and the RIAA.

  14. Government not entirely to blame by sakdoctor · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Read the comments by Chinese net users

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7313998.stm

    They don't think that their media is at all biased. They believe "western" media is biased and has an anti-Chinese agenda.
    Too much fucking national pride is what it is. When I talk to Chinese people, in China, I often get this weird apologetic "our country is crappy in a socio-economic way", but "our morals and cultural values are superior to your hedonistic, non-family oriented foreign ways".

    It's creepy. Take a look at the China-daily forum if you have morbid interest. It's full of the craziest ranting racists I have ever seen...and I visited 4chan once.

    Bottom line is, I don't think the government oppressing the people with censorship should be looked at in such a simplistic way. There seems to be a need for the censorship for many people on some level. Like they can't take a single bit of criticism of their precious middle kingdom and it's 5000 (actually 50) year great history.

    1. Re:Government not entirely to blame by Hatta · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That sounds a lot like the attitude of most Americans towards their media.

      --
      Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    2. Re:Government not entirely to blame by Joe+the+Lesser · · Score: 2, Insightful

      And where do they learn this?

      From government sponsored schools and press releases.

      They are victims of sweet sweet propaganda, so yes, you can blame the government. This is how totalitarianism works. China wants to block the internet to prevent it's people from finding the logical holes in their education.

      --
      "I only speak the truth"
      Karma: null(Mostly affected by an unassigned variable)
  15. Re:Remind me again, why does China have MFN status by Bryansix · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's time to sever that tie. Chinese products even for consumer electronics are typically low quality, full of lead, and made by slave (by US standards) labor. Why companies get away with exporting all of their manufacturing over there when they get crap (literaly) in return is beyond comprehension. I don't mind stuff manufactured in Taiwan. At least that stuff doesn't break in a week. I'd like it even better if high tech manufacturing was done in the US but with equipment effecient enought to make it economical even when compared to China. I know it can be done. We just need some forward looking companies to jump on the bandwagon.

  16. Re:Remind me again, why does China have MFN status by lostokie · · Score: 2, Informative

    Wouldn't other countries pick up the slack if China lost most favored nation status and had to compete more fairly with other industrializing nations? Maybe even some of those jobs would move back to the US. China's advantage is lots of low cost manpower, and an extremely high tolerance for environmental damage. Many other countries have the same advantages. And US corporations may really want to get in on the ground floor of the newly growing markets in China, but currently the Chinese market doesn't matter for crap to the US economy. China is paying for a genocide in Sudan and committing one in Tibet. The US policy of promoting commerce in China in order to cool off Communist mass murder has utterly failed.

  17. Re:Remind me again, why does China have MFN status by MacDork · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I don't get why China gets as many breaks as they do

    Because they hold over $1.4 trillion dollars in US debt? Because they could crush our economy by unloading that paper and their dollar reserves on the open market? Because the US is still going to China to beg for handouts because we can't balance our budget? Because their population of men available for military service exceeds that of the entire United States? And possibly, because our leadership, world famous as staunch defenders of civil rights themselves, really doesn't give a shit about Chinese human rights abuses?

    But what do I know? I'm just guessing here...

  18. Re:Remind me again, why does China have MFN status by MrSteveSD · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Or this football match between England and Germany in Berlin in 1938. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/03/magazine_enl_1064218142/img/1.jpg

    Can you guess which team is doing the Nazi salute? It's the England team.

  19. Too bad by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    (I'm just tired of people complaining about this place becoming a police state)

    Some things may not be *as bad* in America as they are in China, but they can still be *bad*.

    In fact, we are seeing a slow but stead erosion of various civil liberties.

    Yes, things could be worse, but that is no reason to avoid making them better now.

  20. Having China stop its own spam... by WoodstockJeff · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Hmm... a list of these banned words and phrases would make a good source of text to use in response to the HELO/EHLO dialog on an SMTP server... Have China block a compromised computer from accessing your server automatically!

  21. Re:encryption? by RareButSeriousSideEf · · Score: 4, Funny

    Unfortunately there are a few orders of magnitude in the difference of power between the Chinese government and the RIAA. That may be true at the moment, but the Chinese are catching up pretty quickly.
  22. Re:More than just corporations selling us out, als by Sancho · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Producing your own quality products in the US with US workers(or even a worker-friendly country) are 2 cardinal sins according to them. Well...duh. The US has much stricter environmental laws than China, so any industrial plants are going to have problems over here. They're going to be more expensive, if they're even feasible, meaning the costs of producing the goods goes up, and the prices that they must sell for in order to make a profit also go up. That computer you're typing on? You probably couldn't afford it if all of the parts had been made in the USA.

    Then there's the workers. In China, a person working in a factory for a full day will make less than an American working on American soil does in one hour (given minimum wage plus benefits mandated by law.) Now that money that they make goes a lot further over there, so even if they're being underpaid, it's not by the margin that most people reading this would immediately expect. Nonetheless, it's another cost of doing business that would skyrocket if it was handled over here.
  23. Who wrote the software? Supplied the hardware? by NotZed · · Score: 2, Interesting


    Would you be capable of filtering all of China's net access using off the shelf boxes and some custom software, or would it need some specialised network hardware?

    Are Cisco for (an obvious) example, supporting this censorship through hardware and/or software?

    --
    _ // `Thinking is an exercise to which all too few brains
    \\/ are accustomed' - First Lensman
  24. Re:Who wrote the software? Supplied the hardware? by Anonymous+Psychopath · · Score: 2, Informative

    Are Cisco for (an obvious) example, supporting this censorship through hardware and/or software? Sadly, yes. As are Microsoft, Nortel, Websense and Sun, among others.

    http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=50A38A55EB758C0C80256C72004773CD
    --

    Eagles may soar, but weasels don't get sucked into jet engines.

  25. Ob. by billcopc · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Fuck China.

    Oh, sorry! Did I offend anyone ? I didn't say fuck the Chinese. As wrong as it feels to my libertarian gut, a part of me wants to reach in there and shake people until they revolt against their abusive government. How many gazillion chinese people are there ? Surely enough to overthrow the system and actually enjoy all the money they've earned by producing the rest of the world's retail goods. Freedom, competition, tolerance for all.

    --
    -Billco, Fnarg.com
  26. Re:Remind me again, why does China have MFN status by mjwx · · Score: 2, Informative

    Ah we have yet another person who does not understand M.A.D. Mutually Assured Destruction. If China destroyed our economy, they would also be destroying their own, we are after all by far their largest market
    Sorry but Europe took over as their largest market a while ago. M.A.D doesn't work in this scenario (I'd argue that it doesn't work at all) as china is more than able to lose over 50% of its luxury economy (the goods they export, China is a primary producer just not an exporting primary producer) and keep going. Resource wise Chine is mostly self sufficient and the Chinese people don't cause problems when shortages occur. China is in no way dependent on the US as it purchases very little from the US. China could create huge shortages in the US while only taking minor hits to their economy (ipods and cheap DVD players would gather in warehouses).
    --
    Calling someone a "hater" only means you can not rationally rebut their argument.
  27. Slashdot by invisiblerhino · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Does anyone know if they get Slashdot there? In fact, if there's anyone in China reading this it would be great to hear what you think.

    --
    xterm -n 8
  28. It's about shame by microbox · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Like they can't take a single bit of criticism of their precious middle kingdom and it's 5000 (actually 50) year great history.

    They can't take criticism, because they are suppressing so much shame. It's the natural human condition - when you feel that pain inside of you, you reach for pleasant dreams and feelings of superiority to make it go away. The louder the racist/nationalist, the bigger the mental image they are attached to. People create that mental image for a reason.

    --

    Like all pain, suffering is a signal that something isn't right