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RIAA "Making Available" Theory Rejected
NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "In a 25-page decision (PDF) which has been awaited for two years in Elektra v. Barker, Judge Kenneth M. Karas has rejected the RIAA's 'making available' theory and its 'authorization' theory, but sustained the sufficiency of the complaint's allegations of 'distribution' and 'downloading,' and also gave the RIAA 30 days to cure the defects in its complaint by filing a new complaint. The judge left it open for the RIAA to allege that defendant made an 'offer to distribute,' and that the offer was for "'the purpose of further distribution,' which, the judge held, would be actionable."
Come on people, save these announcements for days that I can trust the internet...
<voice class="male UT announcer">
REEEJECTED!
</voice>
"When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
Er... what? Connecting to a torrent tracker and advertising what chunks of the data you have is an offer to distribute those chunks to anybody else on the tracker who asks. And on the balance of probabilities, that offer is genuine - unless she's a ratio cheat.
Same goes for other P2P systems. Listing a file as shared when a search request comes through is an offer to distribute that file, and unless you're one of those virus nodes that offers the same stupid VBS file to every search, the balance of probabilities is that you intend to honour that offer.
Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
The RIAA's undoubtably going to argue that the defendant's P2P software made the file available and that that constitutes the offer of distribution. The trick will be to neuter this argument, and that's going to have to turn on intent. If, for example, I have a table of books in my front yard with a sign saying "Take some", that's clearly an offer to distribute. But if I put a book down on the table on my front porch while I go inside to get something to drink, and while I'm gone someone comes along and takes the book, the book's arguably been distributed but I clearly haven't made any offer to distribute, the book was merely stolen. The argument's going to have to be that the defendant didn't know files in the shared folder would be offered for sharing, that they didn't have any reason to suspect that (non-technical people probably wouldn't, if all they did was use the software to download and never got into the technicalities (I do the same thing all the time, I use BitTorrent to download Linux ISO images with no intention of sharing them out again)), and that if they had known they would've done something to block the sharing (since they had no intention of doing it in the first place). You won't ever be able to win the argument that the files can always unconditionally be available without incurring any liability under any circumstances, but you can win the argument that merely unwittingly and unintentionally putting something down where someone else can take it doesn't incur liability (at least not until you've been told it's happening and have a chance to do something about it).
As always, it matters who is doing the connecting and how automated the process is.
The days were you could assume that the end user was aware of and understood everything
that their computer is doing are long gone. Whether you consider that a good or bad thing,
justice should still reflect the new reality.
A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
Think of it like this:
I place a pair of gloves on a park bench and walk away.
versus:
I walk up to someone sitting on a park bench and offer them a pair of gloves.
I find it perhaps ironic that this is what you're saying, when I was arguing very similarly in another thread- unsecured WAPs, where I argued that the software's authorization was not necessarily the person's authorization.
It seems like Slashdot (if it could be described as one homogeneous entity, of course) believes that to be sufficient authorization to immunize one from liability but this to not be sufficient authorization to incur it, despite the scenarios being very similar.
Any ideas why?
"It is possible to commit no errors and still lose. That is not a weakness. That is life." -Peak Performance
I think it was made pretty clear a bit up.
Making Available:
I see your car in your drive way on a walk and decide I like it. I look inside, I see the keys and the door is unlocked. I steal it. You made the car available unintentionally.
Offer to Distribute:
I am looking for a car like yours. Fortunately I see your advertisement in the newspaper, and follow the big signs to your house. You meet me in the lawn and hand me the keys.
You do realize precedent is only downward (and to some extent sideways).
Precedent set in one circuit does not hold for another circuit and only the Supreme Court can set precedent for all courts, and trial courts can't set precedent at all.
"It is possible to commit no errors and still lose. That is not a weakness. That is life." -Peak Performance
A file title is not evidence of actual copyrighted infringement. I haven't heard a copyrighted single song the RIAA downloaded from a defendant played as evidence in a court of law. If I write BritneySpearsToxic.mp3 in this post, that is *not* evidence of copyright infringement no matter how many people link to this post from other sites, no matter how many screenshots the RIAA makes of files with any titles whatsoever.
The RIAA has no real evidence of copyright infringement to submit into any civil court. If I were a defense attorney I would make that extremely clear to the Judge and Jury. Explicitly, I would ask the RIAA "expert witness":
"Where is the actual song with content you copied from the defendant?"
"You said you didn't download any actual song with from the defendant?"
"How do you know the actual contents were not personal commentary about a song rather than copyright infringement distribution?"
"You don't *know* what the actual contents of the files you claim are copyright infringements actually are?"
"Motion to dismiss, with prejudice, attorneys fees, malicious prosecution, fraud, extortion, unlicensed spying, stalking, harassment."
Then, once the RIAA is forced to have to download/upload files in P2P streams, in order to substantiate evidence, they will be guaranteed to be on the hook for $150,000 per "accidental" infringement. And we can subpoena all records and files the RIAA and Media Sentry have downloaded and forward to the appropriate parties and authorities, not to mention grow the list of criminal RICO racketeering charges against the RIAA.
The RIAA "evidence" of file titles constituting copyright infringement is as absurd as writing dollar amounts on an internet thread constitutes counterfeiting.
$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 --- This is not "evidence" of counterfeiting, just as BritneySpearsToxic.mp3 is not evidence of copyright infringement.
"From DNA to P2P, we are all Copycats now. Go Go Copycat Power! Copycat Powers activate! Form of, a Copycat." --monxrtr
Here, cars work better
Think of it like this:
I place a pair of cars on a park bench and walk away.
versus:
I walk up to someone sitting on a park bench and offer them a pair of cars.
https://www.facebook.com/digitizeicm -- Show your support for the digitization of the Iron County Miner newspaper archiv
Rtfa!!!!! This is Kazaa, not bittorrent.
Check out
Exhibit B Part 1: http://www.ilrweb.com/viewILRPDF.asp?filename=elektra_barker_complaintexBpt1
Exhibit B Part 2: http://www.ilrweb.com/viewILRPDF.asp?filename=elektra_barker_complaintexBpt1
It's a bunch of screenshots of Kazaa showing a listing of files that was in her shared folder. Essentially the RIAA lawyers argued that by simply having the files in that directory she was inciting others to infringe on their copyrights. This concept is called the "make available" theory. The judge threw it out.
She gave the RIAA thirty days to make a new argument against this lady but to do so they have to show that she communicated with a 3rd party to 'offer to distribute' and that the intent in doing so was for "the purpose of further distribution".
Clearly, they have no way of obtaining this information because it most likely doesn't exist and because this is a civil case they have no way to obtain more evidence short of her giving them an instant messaging, E-mail, or phone transcript / recording with her saying "Hey, go on Kazaa, look up my name and download X, Y, and Z songs". In other words, they're screwed.
Now next time how about reading the god damn article!!!
But, IANAL, YMMV, beware of dog, slippery when wet, etc.
I developed a newfound respect for Australians and their legal system last summer.
I was in my pool, and I happened to notice the warnings on the inflatables. It had three sections:
US: Do not leave children unsupervised. Not a life-saving device. Etc etc etc, about 5 or 6 lines worth.
UK: Not substantially different from US. Phrased differently, but effectively the same amount of material with the same meaning.
AU: Use only under competent supervision. That was it. All of it.
William of Ockham had no beard. The most likely explanation is that it was chewed off by squirrels every morning.
yeah, because those few words are crafted as a general, catch-all, ass-covering notice. Anything goes wrong; you weren't using competent supervision. "but I was watching them"; then you're not competent - nothing can go wrong as long as competent supervision is provided. If that didn't wash, they'd write something more verbose.
To quote Humpy: "Almost anything can be attacked as a loss of amenity, while anything can be defended as not a significant loss of amenity."
FGD 135
Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
That's just.. wrong.
The most common mistake around precedent is confusing it with law. Just because something is a precedent, it does not mean that it is hard and fast law. Its an interpretation of law, at a specific time and place. As such, it carries no official weight.
Virtually any level of court can set a legal precedent that can (and will) be referenced by an arguing attorney. Certainly some precedents carry more weight than others (supreme court vs. a trial court), but lawyers will often cite trial law precedents in their arguments. The idea being that there is an established line of reasoning in the precedent that should be carried forward to whatever they are arguing. Thus, the only difference is that a supreme court precedent carries with it tremendous legal weight, particularly since that court has the right to overturn or amend decisions of the lower courts. Its hard to argue against a supreme court precedent when they will just turn around and shove it right back in your face after all.
However, at the end of the day, almost any court preceding can be referenced as a precedent for further argument.
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