IcedTea's OpenJDK Passes Java Test Compatibility Kit

emyar writes "At JavaOne in May, 2006, Sun Microsystems announced they were going to release Java as free software under the terms of the GPL. The size of the task (6.5 million lines of code) was only eclipsed by the size of the opportunity for Java as a free and open technology. [...] This week the IcedTea Project reached an important milestone — The latest OpenJDK binary included in Fedora 9 (x86 and x86_64) passes the rigorous Java Test Compatibility Kit (TCK). This means that it provides all the required Java APIs and behaves like any other Java SE 6 implementation — in keeping with the portability goal of the Java platform."

Comments

Mono needs a similar testsuite.

[Anonymous Coward]

If Mono wants to ever become suitable for enterprise use, it will need a testsuite and compatibility kit like this. One of the main benefits of Java is the stringent standards that implementations must adhere to. This brings a level of predictability that we just can't get from .NET or Mono. And for huge enterprise apps, that predictability is totally necessary.

Re:Mono needs a similar testsuite.

[DickBreath]

Mono already has a much simpler compatibility test.

• Does it run on Windows? (Check)
• Does it have poisonous patents? (Check)

Okay, it passes.

Re:Mono needs a similar testsuite.

[Anonymous Coward]

Even if you discount Java's superior performance,

I'm pretty sure .NET has Java beat in several areas. For example, generics. In Java generics are just syntactic sugar for casting everything from java.lang.Object to something else. Each cast is a runtime type check, which comes at a performance penalty that I don't believe is trivial. .NET actually generates unique code without that casting.

superior APIs that are decades ahead of anything at microsoft,

APIs, maybe, I don't know, but language features, definitely not. I don't use C# really, but even as someone with only a passing familiarity with it I can name a few things about it that make it seem much more productive to work with than Java:

• Support for generics is "real" rather than an afterthought, mentioned above.
• Using C# delegates for closures is syntactically much nicer than anonymous classes in Java.
• Accessors in C# actually make syntactic sense, where in Java everybody writes ugly statements like foo.setBar(true) (and it gets more complex, verbose, and uglier than this example, too).
• C# has yield iterators, i.e. real iterators like in Python. Try writing an iterator in Java for a tree structure. You pretty much have to think about breaking it into a state machine. In a language that has real support for iterators it's as simple as writing your standard-issue traversal function.
• C# has type inference in declarations with an initializer, eg. var foo = new SomeVeryLongClassName() and foo ends up with the right type

These are just a few. I'm sure people who are more familiar with C# than I am can name more.

For the record, the kind of coding I do is much more geared towards lower level stuff, so I don't use C# or Java much at all. But I'm aware of the features of both, and I definitely would say hands down that between the two major high-level, VM languages, C# is the better one. It is definitely in the best interest of free software and open source to replicate some of its strong points over Java. Unfortunately Microsoft has a credibility gap, so a lot of people dismiss it without being aware of its features. Mono is an okay start, but still lacking...

Re:Mono needs a similar testsuite.

[Planetx_123]

For #1, it doesn't matter-- without runtime help you loose half of the power of generics. In either case you aren't gaining anything. Your company is still writing without generics. If a .NET shop wanted to work with 1.1 then they wouldn't write generics either... no difference. The problem is forward compatibility. You "could" write with generics and they could work with non-generified JREs. In the trade-off I would prefer the runtime benefits (et al) any day of the week.

For #4- you don't understand what you are talking about. For good uses of yield (or closures) go ask one of the millions of Ruby fans that are convinced its the best thing ever. Note that your example of "Who is John Galt" is stupid. You can write bad code in any language-- programming languages aren't meant to "fix" stupid.

For #5- you clearly don't understand how type inference works. This is still static typing- its just that the type is inferred by the compiler (obviously at compile time) instead of having the coder type extra, unnecessary characters. It is NOT a "variant" type or widened type. It is only syntactic sugar to save you some keystrokes when declaring and initializing in the same statement (which should almost be required). No one is arguing against types or interfaces, etc. This is only to help reduce some superfluous typing. And YES this is in C++0x as well.

Re:Perfomance

[JimDaGeek]

They are using the "real" Java source. Only 4% of the Sun Java code wasn't released. So IcedTea only had to implement the 4% of Java that wasn't GPLed.

Re:bfd

[PinkPanther]

How does having an "independent" (whatever that means) implementation make a platform "right" (or rather, lack of one make it "wrong").

What is it that is "wrong" in the platform? The fact that the base implementation is solid enough that few others found need to rewrite that wheel?

Re:bfd

[pmontra]

Actually, Sun's own codebase and a 4-5% of rewritten code passes Sun's compatibility suite.

TFA is about that 4-5% which was encumbered by patents (? the article doesn't go into details) and has been rewritten to make all the JDK free. That should be enough to finally get Debian include Java in their distributions.

Re:Really ?

[PinkPanther]

Does this mean it consumes 2 GB of RAM to display "Hello World"???

Man! Was that joke ever funning circa 1997...

Language Compatibility vs. Class Libraries

[KidSock]

Languange compatibility was never the main problem - it was class libraries. Java has a mountain of class libraries.

Unfortunately most of them are complete bloat (e.g. Swing, NIO, logging ...). Each package is like a treatise on OOP and design patterns. When are people going to learn that OOP is just one tool of many?

But Java the *language* is great. I wish that someone would create a non-bloat version of the Java class libraries. Do an analysis of important use cases, redesigned the class libraries to be much less "fluffy" and then post some metrics to show how much better it performs.

Re:Language Compatibility vs. Class Libraries

[jalet]

> I wish that someone would create a non-bloat version of the Java class libraries. Do an analysis
> of important use cases, redesigned the class libraries to be much less "fluffy"

Somebody did just this already.

Re:Language Compatibility vs. Class Libraries

[Octorian]

But at least its only a mountain :-)

I don't know if Mono can ever catch up to the whole mountain range that .NET has bundled in. Especially since its taken far less seriously than Java by this community.

Re:Language Compatibility vs. Class Libraries

[CastrTroy]

I'm not sure how much more performance you could achieve simply by culling the unused stuff. Java already dynamically loads only the classes you use into memory. We have gotten to a point where people don't want to rewrite their own XML parsers, sorting algorithms, cryptography libraries, UI components, network connection handling functions, and all the other wonderful stuff provided by the .net and Java APIs. We're probably a lot better off because of it. Less time wasted writing code that someone has already written a million times. If you still want a smaller version of the JDK, there's always the Java Micro Edition Platform.

Re:Language Compatibility vs. Class Libraries

[AKAImBatman]

Source source = new StreamSource(new File(xmlFileName));
Result result = new StreamResult(new File(xsltFileName));
 
TransformerFactory.newTransformer().transform(source, result);

Was that really so hard?

If the code you posted is the best obfuscated Java code you can come up with, then I'm impressed. I've seen MUCH worse Perl, C, and even Python. Your code was at least understandable (albeit unnecessarily obtuse), thus demonstrating the unexpected readability advantages of the Java language.

P.S. Import statements are your friend.

Re:Language Compatibility vs. Class Libraries

[Anonymous Coward]

And as examples of bloat, you had to pick Swing, NIO and logging?!?

Logging is a quasi-identical to Apache's log4j, indeed this caused bad feelings among log4j's authors who felt Sun should just have officialized their API. Of course the reason Sun used it as an (ahem) inspiration is that it's very good, as demonstrated by the absolutely huge number of projects using it. And you know as well as I do that rolling out your own is a common developer trait, *especially* for trivial things like that.

NIO is brilliant. If it's too complex or low-level for you, just use the "old IO", which is *also* good - just not as low-level.

Swing, I can understand your feeling. Although the real problem with Swing is not "bloat" as in unnecessary complex and featurefull, it's that even though it only shipped in a JDK with 1.2 (which had the Collection framework), Sun bowed to short-sighted morons who kicked a fuss when it was suggested that it be put in java.swing (instead of javax.swing), and as a result still uses the old Vector and so on.

Generally speaking, what you call "bloat" is due to:
- the presence of libraries *you* don't use. Guess what, other people do.
- the provision for extensions. For instance, the java.net package is chock full of factories, abstract classes and interfaces that you seem to disdain. And indeed to 98% of developers who just use it for the net, that's all pretty pointless. The upshot is that should you require Unix or X25 sockets, you can still use the same API - I've seen it done. Sure you have to write the C code, but the Java code is all the same except the bit that gets the address. How many open-source language don't even have a common low-level DB API, forcing you to write you own single use abstraction layer when you need to target several DBs? At least with Java you know it's JDBC. Always.

Sun's attitude towards libraries has always been, as far as Java is concerned at least, make the simple easy, make the difficult possible. To me that's good design. Of course it means that easy can be more complex than with more specific APIs. But those tend to not allow the difficult at all :-(

Apple

[thomas.galvin]

Sweet. Maybe was can start getting Java VMs on the Mac less than a decade after they're released now.

Re:Apple

[Ilgaz]

Where were you past 3-4 months? :)

Landon Fuller and a team made Java 6 running under OS X X11 (and command line of course)

http://landonf.bikemonkey.org/static/soylatte/

It is said to have great performance too.

The real issue is, how to make that gigantic thing available to PPC G5 and G4/G3 (if they accept perf. penalty) processors under OS X. X11 could be OK too. The Java 6 release(!) from Apple is Intel 64bit _only_. We can't ask Apple as they even abandoned Intel 32bit users (on that release) so there should be some team, likely from IBM needs to step in. They shipped Java 6 for Linux PPC/PPC64 ages ago. They should step in and save/support their CPU customers, especially G5. While people buy G5 workstations/servers, they also bought IBM CPUs.

Re:Really ?

[ais523]

Does this mean it consumes 2 GB of RAM to display "Hello World"???

Man! Was that joke ever funning circa 1997...

Yes, nowadays everyone has the 2GB of RAM, due to Windows Vista, so it isn't a problem.

Re:bfd

[Anonymous Coward]

So, Sun's own codebase passes their own compatibility suite. BFD.

If after more than a decade, there is not a single, independent, compliant Java implementation, then there is evidently something wrong with the Java platform. What in the world are you talking about?

There has been multiple compliant java-implementations for years now.

IBM's JDK (which is their own codebase).
and ORACLE's JDK (BEA JRockit)

both of which passed the Java TCK and can claim Java compatibility and compliance.

As for performance, the OPENJDK is based primarily on SUN's JVM code, hence it has the exact same optimizations (same HOTSPOT, and etc). Only a small majority of the code was replaced with open source alternatives which doesn't affect performance.

Re:Just use a glove

[sidnelson13]

OpenJDK came to surface due to pressure of the OS community, to be to fulfill OS purists' ideals. For example, being able to embed the JDK into OS Linux systems.

OpenJDK is an effort backed up by Sun also, so that is no impasse here.

This is great news! I can see faster and greater improvements coming to the JDK having it open.

What's the point?

[jps25]

Okay, so I understand that this is a huge success, yay GPL and all that, but what is wrong with Sun's JDK?
What makes the OpenJDK more desirable than Sun's?
Is it merely the GPL?
Are there any performance gains?
I don't use java, so I really have no idea and it would be nice if someone could enlighten me.

Re:What's the point?

[Funks]

Okay, so I understand that this is a huge success, yay GPL and all that, but what is wrong with Sun's JDK? What makes the OpenJDK more desirable than Sun's? Is it merely the GPL? Are there any performance gains? I don't use java, so I really have no idea and it would be nice if someone could enlighten me. Trying using the Sun distributed JDK on FreeBSD, NetBSD and other micro architectures like MIPS. Moreover, being completely GPL - Linux distributions will be able to bundle it in. The BSD's will also benefit from this and won't be treated like a redheaded step-child anymore when selecting a JEE hosting platform. Note, RedHat is a big player in the Java (JEE) middleware industry. So basically, it was in their best interest to see this through.

Re:What's the point?

[Vectronic]

From what i understand, the advantage is that distributions that are (or try to be) 100% "Open Source" can now add this to their list.

Ontop of that, it means that anyone and their dog can dig through it, and maybe even improve on it, plus being able to make better java applications knowing exactly whats going on...

Re:What's the point?

[youngdev]

It is my understanding that all of core java would be based on the OpenJDK going forward. Basically OpenJDK is SunJDK6.999 beta. SunJDK 7 will be the openJDK and SunJDK >= version 7 will all be open(gpl?).

Someone please correct me if that is wrong.

Re:Ask Slashdot

[The End Of Days]

Java the language and Java the platform are not at all the same thing. OpenJDK refers to an implementation of the platform, which includes the tools, the API, and the VM.

It's mostly written in Java (the language), by the way.

By the by, reading that first link made my brain hurt. When is GNU going to learn that the language of doom ("shackled," "trap," etc.) is a good way to ensure that you preach only to the choir?

Re:Ask Slashdot

[Anonymous Coward]

That count includes the standard libraries. And it includes the *comments* in the standard libraries, from with the javadocs are generated. All in all, it sounds like a pretty reasonable number.

Re:Really ?

[snoyberg]

I had 2 GB of RAM you insensitive clod.

Re:Really ?

[sm62704]

Does this mean it consumes 2 GB of RAM to display "Hello World"???

Man! Was that joke ever funn[y] circa 1997...

And in 1987 it was "Does this mean it consumes 2 MB of RAM to display 'Hello World'???" and in in 2017 the joke will be upgraded to "Does this mean it consumes 2 TB of RAM to display 'Hello World'???"

Why does it seem that every time the hardware guys give us more machine, the software guys use every last bit of it to do exactly what the previous generation of machines did, only the previous generation did faster?

Re:Really ?

[bsDaemon]

Because each generation of "software guy" becomes n+1 generations removed from being a hardware guy himself. That is to say, the tools become "better" to make programming "easier" for people who aren't also electrical engineers.

At least, if I had to guess, that's what I'd say.

Re:bfd

[Jah-Wren Ryel]

What is it that is "wrong" in the platform? The fact that the base implementation is solid enough that few others found need to rewrite that wheel? Because you get people coding to the bugs of the implementation without even realizing it, since it works after all. And then eventually you reach a point where new versions don't fix the bugs because too many systems depend on them. Sound like a monopolist you know?

Re:bfd

[DickBreath]

Question: How long did it take Wine to come up with something mostly compatible with Windows? Fifteen years?

Have you considered that Java is almost like writing an OS? A runtime byte code, compiled form multiple source languages. Almost every service of an OS provided in a portable way. (eg, sound, video, graphics, multiple portable widget toolkits, network access, file access, system tray access, and the list goes on...)

GNU Classpath is mostly compatible now. Much like Wine.

Re:Really ?

[Anonymous Coward]

You forgot the corrolary to Moore's Law, Which is Gates's Law: Every 18 months, the speed of software halves.

Re:bfd

[AKAImBatman]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_JVMs

Re:Perfomance

[Reverend528]

IcedTea only had to implement the 4% of Java that wasn't GPLed.

Although 4% doesn't sound like much, it's actually just short of 8 billion lines. It sounds unbelievable that they could accomplish that so quickly, but Java's strength is in making it easy to write large amounts of code.

Re:Ask Slashdot

[Jason Earl]

By the by, reading that first link made my brain hurt. When is GNU going to learn that the language of doom ("shackled," "trap," etc.) is a good way to ensure that you preach only to the choir?

RMS has been talking that way for years. There's essentially no chance of him changing his ways at this point. This is especially true considering the fact that RMS' zealotry has netted him an impressive string of wins including a GPLed version of Java.

The fact of the matter is that the Free Software community has become a rather influential player in the software world. Sun GPLed Java because the executives at Sun finally realized that despite the huge push for Java from the "Enterprise" crowd, the real reason that Java was a competitive platform was because of the large quantity of Free Software that had grown up around Java. Sun needed Free Software hackers, but for the most part Free Software hackers weren't interested in working with Java.

In this particular case, preaching to the choir was precisely what was needed.

Maybe you don't understand .Net?

[encoderer]

For the last 2 years I've been doing Python work with a little PHP but the 2 before that were spent almost exclusively in .Net (C# and IronPython).

Right now on my dev box I have 4 versions of .Net.

They run side-by-side without issue.

There is no forced upgrade. It's like saying that C wasn't predictable because C++ emerged.

Re:bfd

[PinkPanther]

Or maybe its that the default implementation is really quite good.

Which it is.

Could it be improved? Sure it could...name a single software product that couldn't be. But there are many billions of dollars of IT projects that depend on Java, so trying to pass it off as immature, incomplete, incorrect or insufficient is nonsense.

Re:Really ?

[Jesus_666]

Does this mean it consumes 2 GB of RAM to display "Hello World" ???

So does C(++) because of all the memory leaks, every BASIC dialect because of interpreter overhead, Dotnet/Mono because it includes half of Windows, Python and Ruby because of all the objects, Lisp to store all the braces and Perl just because it can. PHP doesn't because nobody has tried it yet. ASM also doesn't because it always drops the processor back to 8080 emulation mode and can't address 2 GiB of RAM.

The One True Language, beloved by all (Objective-C) also uses 2 GiB of RAM for "Hello World", but just because it needs to use that memory to cure cancer and feed starving children.

Re:Really ?

[mischi_amnesiac]

Don't you think he has more knowledge than you because he has been working the last 10 years and learned new things? After all, you don't learn everything in a university.

Re:Perfomance

[Anonymous Coward]

This is not completely correct. In the OpenJDK project we have been removing the encumbered code and have whittled down the nonfree part of OpenJDK's source tree to 0%. OpenJDK6's source tree is 100% open source. IcedTea has been matching this by removing some of the patches they applied. Most of what's left in IcedTea is a build system. Oh, and a plugin.

Re:Really ?

[Reverend528]

But linux runs on more hardware than OS X or windows. And it runs faster than both.

Maybe it has more to do with the skill of the developers than anything else.

Re:Really ?

[bsDaemon]

If you can design the logic circuits, you should be able to code. Had "computer science" even been developed as an independent discipline when they were building the Apollo guidance systems? I don't know the answer to that.

I agree with the rest of the statement though. I think that the real problem is that too many departments are teaching using Java and the like, which are "industry standards" because too many students are looking at computer science as a gateway to a career coding JBoss apps for a bank, or working in IT -- basically a 4 year trade school.

Computer Science has about as much to do with IT as mechanical engineering has to do with working in a lube shop. Sure, you could do it -- but you should have been taught to do a whole hell of a lot more. If all you want to do, or can do, is the trade aspect then I'm not sure that an extended education in what is essentially applied mathematics is really the route to go, and those who want that advanced theoretical knowledge shouldn't have to have their class time watered down by the kid who is still in .com mode.

Then again, what the hell do it know. *goes back to working in Quark*

Bloat?

[ttfkam]

Are you sure you're not overreacting? If you hop on over to perl.com, you'll notice that the *compressed* source of Perl 5.10.0 is 14.9MB. The compressed source of Python 2.5.2 is 11MB. Ruby 1.8.7 comes out well at 3.9MB, but that's without any gems (good or bad depending on your point of view). The source for Common Lisp 2.4.5 is 7.1MB.

However you're singling out Java as the one that's bloated? Get real.

Re:Bloat?

[Nikker]

There really isn't that much bloat in Java. The reason the source is so huge is because of all library's. They have much more than a standard C distribution and cover every thing from OS calls to network sockets, thread management, encryption, HTML tools, the list still goes on. Being able to compile a Java class file that can be run natively by the kernel your class size would be quite small compared to the class file + run time files.

Re:Just use a glove

[setagllib]

Put down the crack pipe. Java still has at least 3-4x as much penetration as .NET in the enterprise alone, and in community open source .NET barely makes an appearance at all. Microsoft's marketing should not be confused for fact.

Re:Just use a glove

[dave87656]

Had sun GPL'd java YEARS ago, .NET would be nowhere today. Too bad for them, at this point it is far far too late and .NET has essentially taken over the rein of next-generation development. What are you smoking? Java has a much higher penetration than .NET.