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Drug Halts Decline In Alzheimer's Patients
ljw1004 writes "Alzheimer's researchers are divided on whether the disease is caused by 'beta amyloid' (a peptide found in Alzheimer brains) or by 'tau protein' (normally used for cellular scaffolding, but can aggregate out of control and destroy neurons). Today in Chicago a new drug has been announced that stops tau aggregation and appears to have halted Alzheimer's-related decline in 300 clinical trial patients. The drug is known as 'rember.' Do you have friends or family who appear to be on the road to dementia? Here is an online questionnaire, part of one used in the clinical trial to diagnose dementia. (Disclosure: I made the online questionnaire, and my father is one of the scientists behind the drug.)"
It's hard to think of a scarier disease than one where you slowly lose your mental faculties. I'd take almost any other disease over Alzheimer's.
Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
I imagine they started writing remember, but forgot how far they'd gotten when committing it to paper.
For clarity and completeness I should add:
This is awesome news. My grandfather is suffering from an advanced state of this disease and it's horrible to see in what state he currently 'lives'.
He does not recognize me, or my brothers, or my parents (inc. his own son!).
Perhaps my first post (parent) sounded like I did not take this seriously. I guess it's more of a coping mechanism that got in action.
To all the scientists: please keep up this wonderful work! It'll probably be too late for my grandfather, but no-one should have to suffer like.
I hope that it won't be long before it helps to save many lives from being destroyed.
It's important to remember that Dementia != Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's can cause a form of dementia (Alzheimer's-related dementia), but dementia has many other causes, some are age-related and some are not.
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Andy
This drug is in the second of three phases which are required prior to FDA approval.
Phase 1: safety at various dosages
Phase 2: small test of efficacy and determining proper dosage
Phase 3: larger test of efficacy
It is still years away from the market. There was a screw-up in the formulation of the highest dose in this study, and the lowest dose had no effect, so only the middle of three doses tried had any effect. I found that out here
On the list of things that should be remembered, I'd hope that "me" would be pretty high.
Except that in this case you can skip all that and do a little experimentation on your grandparents. This is not a new drug: it's plain old methylene blue, which has been used for all kinds of purposes for a century (from anti-malaria drug to aquarium antifungal)
See this
Unless you recently fired a bunch of US Attorneys, in which case losing your memory can be extraordinarily helpful.
(I'm a PhD Neuroscience student) It seems like more and more scientists are moving away from the beta amyloid plaque buildup hypthesis. While it seemed like a great lead, people who die with no symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease can still have a buildup of beta amyloid plaque as massive as the person who did die of Alzheimer's. It could be that high levels of beta amyloid plaque buildup increases the risk of getting Alzheimer's, though. It's a hard disease to crack, that's for sure. If this new drug really does work, it'll save 5 million lives a year, and that's just in the past few years; as the Baby Boomers all get past 65 we're going to start seeing a massive increase in Alzheimer's Disease.
That's probably the real reason Fermat never finished his last theorem.
I don't mean to hurt your feelings, but I do work in health care, on a Memory Care Unit, specifically. The MCU is designed for people with many forms of dementia, our most common diagnosis being Alzheimer's. I am sure you know many of the ugly symptoms of this disease. Confusion, loss of memory, loss of fine motor skills, deteriorating ability to perform activities of daily living, eventual death, etc. This drug may sound like a godsend, but think about it for a moment.
If your loved one breaks down crying several times a day because he or she can't tell where everyone is or where they are, if he goes into violent rages because he thinks he is being held against his will, if he lives in a constant state of fear because he knows something is wrong but he can't figure out what it is, if he tries day after day to go home but his captors refuse to et him go, causing him to fear for his life... do you really want a drug that will keep him in that state, somewhat permanently?
At best, wait until the affected person progresses to a state of Alzheimer's that is more comfortable for him or her -- around stage 5 (out of 7 total) people forget that something is wrong and they happily live their lives in total confusion. Then start the drug therapy. But stalling people's progress in a state that makes them absolutely miserable is not a miracle drug's miracle cure. It's torture.
Check out http://www.iatbdementiacare.com/index2.html I worked with the guy who runs the site and wrote the book on Dementia Possible Care. He is crazy insightful and smart when it comes to caring for people with Alzheimer's. Trust me, the $20 for the book will serve you tremendously.
Unless you are talking about Windows
First of all I understand completely what you're saying and to a certain extend that is true.
But on the other side, his body is starting to fail and he is suffering from that. "Gradually, minor and major bodily functions are lost" as Wikipedia describes it.
It's getting somewhat better now, but recently he could barely breath, general pain all over his body and basically unable to swallow, combined with a cough he developed. He could not even eat Apple mush when helped.
Every now and then he has a 'good moment' and suddenly he can say more than 5 words without falling asleep again, but the general condition is suffering for him.
I know this could sound weird to some, but every time he closes his eyes I just hope that he drifts away to a better place and stays there.
No, definitely not. You raise a valid point and I understand it completely.
My parent post should be seen more in the light of 'progress IS finally being made'... perhaps one day we can label it a disease that can be prevented.
Not just for 'everyone out there', but I have to admit also from a slightly selfish perspective:
My grand father was a fish salesman for his entire life. All the Omega 3 fish oil he has ingested wasn't enough to prevent it.
Then there's my father. We (mother, brother, me) are not sure if it's his current stress level, but in the last few months he is less 'sharp' than he used to be and his memory does fail him every now and then.
He's 57 and the idea alone that he might be heading for the same road is very terrifying to say the least.
And my brother and I are also starting to fear that we might have inherited a genetic disposition for this disease.
Personally I love learning.. I'm an addicted to knowledge and I'll pick up a book in bed even if my body is almost robbing me of my consciousness by force.
The idea that 'everything that I am' might one day start to slowly degrade freaks me out. Euthanasia is a word that comes up in this context if this situation might start to become a reality in a (hopefully) very distant future.
You make a valid point for patients who are already in the MCU, but your thinking is a bit shortsighted. If this drug works as advertised, it truly IS a godsend; not to those who have deteriorated to a state requiring constant care, but rather those patients who are diagnosed in the early stages of the disease. In this population, the drug could prevent them from ever progressing to the point that hospitalization is necessary.
-- Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. -- Albert Einstein
In what way is this not science? Hypothesis 1: Compound A is effective against disease X. Falsified. Hypothesis 2: Compound B is effective against disease Y. Falsified. Hypothesis 3: Compound C is effective against disease Z. Not falsified. Perform double-blind tests and find a dosage that is safe and effective. Sounds like science to me.
How would you conduct a search for safe and effective drugs? If you have a better way, I'm sure pharma companies would be all ears!
What a fool believes, he sees, no wise man has the power to reason away.
I should say that Claude Wischik thinks he *does* know what causes Alzheimer's disease. He's sure that tau tangles cause it. He's spent the past twenty years accumulating evidence and trying to convince people of the fact, but it's been hard because of the entrenched scientific dogma that amyloid causes it. The success of this drug finally is a vindication.
You're absolutely right, though, it was a case of trying lots of chemicals. At least, the larger pharmeceutical companies have been trying hundreds of thousands of chemicals from their libraries. A smaller company like TauRx can only manage far fewer.
But what's needed is a test-tube test to judge whether your chemical works. Previous attempts have judged whether their test chemicals work to prevent Amyloid buildup, and so they skip right over the useful ones. Claude Wischik realised that the test-tube test should be judging whether a drug works on tau tangles. This test-tube assay was the first key invention.
After that, you need an animal test to judge whether the drug works in animals. The second key invention by TauRx is a transgenic mouse where you can make it selectively express tau aggregates. They created mice with alzheimers, watched them make their demented way around water-tanks looking for firm ground, and then showed that Rember improved their condition.
You're right to ask about the temporary remissions. The clinical trial lasted 19 months and had 321 patients -- not a short trial! The test results had a p-value of 0.2%, i.e. there's a 0.2% chance that the improvement was due to the common random fluctuation rather than the drug's effect.
What gets me is that 3 years ago, people found a direct link between HHV1 (Herpes Simplex 1 - the kind you get coldsores from), and Alzheimers; literally, the plaques are riddled with the virus.
Add into the mix the fact that new hi-res MRI devices show microbleeds all over the brain of most people, and that these break the blood/brain barrier in those areas, and it gives a very simple mechanism for the virus to get into the brain (even if it doesn't just travel up the neurons themselves).
Why are people focusing on the plaques and the tangles? We have a virus here that lives inside of neurons, which has been found and strongly correlated with the disease.
There are other classes of herpes virus which have similarly been implicated in brain cancer. This should be a big fat red X marks the spot. But most researchers are too specialized.
Coming soon - pyrogyra