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"Perfect" Mirrors Cast For LSST

eldavojohn writes "The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (which was partially funded by Gates & Co.) announced a world record casting for its single-piece primary and tertiary mirror blanks, cast at the University of Arizona. From the announcement: 'The Mirror Lab team opened the furnace for a close-up look at the cooled 51,900-pound mirror blank, which consists of an outer 27.5-foot diameter (8.4-meter) primary mirror and an inner 16.5-foot (5-meter) third mirror cast in one mold. It is the first time a combined primary and tertiary mirror has been produced on such a large scale.'"

114 comments

  1. Gravity? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Here's hoping that when they grind it, they account for gravity in the calculations.

    grind it
    don't mind it
    figure it
    Right value does it good

  2. Apparently... by Kagura · · Score: 4, Funny

    Apparently it was so awesome, they just skipped the secondary mirror and went straight to tertiary. :)

    1. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Apparently it was so awesome, they just skipped the secondary mirror and went straight to tertiary. :)

      The optical design is somewhat unusual as it has
      three mirrors, but this is required to get a very
      large field of view (with diameter equal to 7 full Moons).
      The secondary mirror will be made separately.
      If you are interested in more details
      about LSST, please take a look at our website,
      http://www.lsst.org,
      and a review paper
      http://lanl.arxiv.org/abs/0805.2366

            Cheers,
            Zeljko

    2. Re:Apparently... by WarJolt · · Score: 1

      The secondary mirror wasn't big enough to mention. It's smaller than the primary and tertiary.

    3. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thanks for your hard work and dedication. Hopefully the output of this telescope will amaze and inspire the coming generation.

      - UW Neighbor

    4. Re:Apparently... by sokoban · · Score: 4, Funny

      Your post is written
      Almost like some poetry
      Refrigerator

      --
      09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0 is the magic number.
    5. Re:Apparently... by catmistake · · Score: 1

      They didn't skip it. The secondary mirror is actually the reflection of the tertiary mirror in the primary mirror.

    6. Re:Apparently... by Bloodoflethe · · Score: 3, Funny

      Best haiku evar
      Mad props are due all to you
      Cooled food device too

      --
      "Little is much when little you need."
    7. Re:Apparently... by againjj · · Score: 4, Informative

      Mod parent up (despite limited details).

      The design is called Paul-Baker/Mersenne-Schmidt.

      Page on the telescope design: http://www.lssto.org/Science/lsst_baseline.shtml
      Wikipedia article on telescope: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Synoptic_Survey_Telescope
      Wikipedia article section on the Mersenne-Schmidt design: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_camera#Mersenne-Schmidt
      Paper on the Mersenne-Schmidt design: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984MNRAS.210..597W

    8. Re:Apparently... by ffoiii · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If only we knew who invented it... Sometimes I just wish things had names that described what they were or how they worked rather than who invented it. Credit where credit is due but isn't the value of a thing in it's use rather than it's discoverer?

    9. Re:Apparently... by antic · · Score: 3, Funny

      Looked to me like it was written in the Idle.Slashdot comment box.

      --
      'Thats they exact same thing a banana wrench monkey.'
    10. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What is a haiku?
      When this line has 8 syllables,
      and the others have 5...

    11. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Scientist 1: I thought we were looking for black holes?
      Scientist 2: Well since Microsoft is footing the bill, we are hoping for no Blue Screens!

    12. Re:Apparently... by BiggerBadderBen · · Score: 1

      I just peed my pants Your poetry is to blame I hope you're happy

    13. Re:Apparently... by BiggerBadderBen · · Score: 1

      Preview is for chumps

      I wish that I had used it

      My post looks like shit

    14. Re:Apparently... by Harold+Halloway · · Score: 1

      Chuck Norris did the casting.

    15. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Huh, the seconday mirror is going to face the primary mirror. Parto of the primary mirror doesn't need to be here as the field of view is going to be obstructed by the secondary mirror (unavoidable).
      Then in most designs (ecxept newton) you put the tertiary mirror or the detector
      (if no tertiary mirror) behind the first mirror (which has a hole in it so light can pass). They just decided to make the primary mirror and tertiary mirror in one block of glass. It would not make sense to make the secondary and primary mirror in one block of glass: they're too far away from each other for it to be practical.

    16. Re:Apparently... by jebrew · · Score: 1

      They let you edit

      for fifteen minutes on some

      websites not slashdot

      ...hrmmm...I'll have to work at this .

    17. Re:Apparently... by jebrew · · Score: 1

      It's like a haiduken, only slightly less violent and marginally easier to catch your opponent off guard.

    18. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      in it's use
      than it's discoverer

      "its".

    19. Re:Apparently... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1 2 3 4 5./ 7 6 5 4 3 2/ 1 2 3 4 5.

  3. That is the casting done. by Finallyjoined!!! · · Score: 2, Funny
    --
    If I had an Ass, I'd call it Fanny Bottom, then I could slap my Ass; Fanny Bottom, on the Arse.
    1. Re:That is the casting done. by rhyder128k · · Score: 3, Funny

      "You're *sure* about this? The calculations have to be absolutely perfect. Even the slightes..."

      "Look, take it easy. Of course we're sure. We even got hold of latest chip from Intel. Look, Pen-tee-um. It's apparently the latest thing." [fx: combined lightning/thunder clap]

      --
      Michael Reed, freelance tech writer.
    2. Re:That is the casting done. by NixieBunny · · Score: 1

      The LSST is a ground-based telescope, so the mount can be adjusted if it's not in the right place. Besides, the engineers are, shall we say, "sensitized" to this particular error for some reason.

      --
      The determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language.
    3. Re:That is the casting done. by ILuvRamen · · Score: 1

      maybe they pulled a "stargate" and the company that made it was just like, "What? This is for something in space?" Btw I feel the need to mention that if you want a really, really sweet mirror of your own, crack open a buster hard drive. Those platters are smooth to what like 10nm or something? Yeah, I look totally HD in them :D

      --
      Google's Super Secret Search Algorithm: SELECT @search_results FROM internet WHERE @search_results = 'good'
    4. Re:That is the casting done. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Let's hope the grinding is more accurate than the Hubble mirror. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12717301.000-the-testing-error-that-led-to-hubble-mirror-fiasco-.html

      Hubble was perfect, a perfect sphere.

      Unfortunately that was the wrong shape. :-P

    5. Re:That is the casting done. by budgenator · · Score: 3, Informative

      the Hubble mirror is extremely accurate, unfortunately the testing mechanism, the null corrector wasn't, so the Hubble mirror was ground and figured almost perfectly wrong.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
    6. Re:That is the casting done. by stewardwildcat · · Score: 1

      It will be more accurate than the Hubble mirror and is tested holographically routinely to measure every detail of the surface of the mirror. When it leaves the Lab it will be one of the best surfaces in the world.

  4. Yes, but by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Since the University of Arizona was made in China, I don't think USians can take credit for this one.

    1. Re:Yes, but by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's why Americans are taking the credit.

  5. Kong by KaeloDest · · Score: 0

    Kongratulations

    That is da hoojest. I remember when the 200 inch Hale was the largest optical.

    Holeey Frijkin haooY00j !!!

    Kongratulations!

    --
    --Shaddup and support your local PBS station Plan for it
  6. No such thing as "perfect"... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ... perfection is only a limitation of the measurement process used to find flaws.

    1. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unless you are talking about math.

    2. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by kmac06 · · Score: 1

      That's not true. In this case, you can have perfect to the atomic level. And you can even measure the surface to the atomic level. Of course, this mirror is not actually perfect.

    3. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by hey! · · Score: 5, Informative

      In optics, you get to the point where further "perfection" doesn't give you any pratical benefit. That is being "diffraction limited". Diffraction limited optics are for practical purposes as "perfect" as you can get.

      For a telescope operating through the Earth's atmosphere, you run out of marginal advantage before you reach diffraction limitation. Therefore for such a system, unless special techniques such as adaptive optics are used, practical "perfection" is considerably lower.

      I don't know much about the LSST, except that it is a fast (short focal length relative to aperture) optical system. Such systems are much more difficult to get right. Long focal lengths are much more forgiving. Therefore to reach practical perfection in such an aggressive design is quite an achievement. Of course, we aren't there yet. There's three absolutely huge surfaces to grind to very price specifications. But simply casting a blank this size is a huge technical challenge. The amount of heat energy in twenty six tons of molten glass is mind-boggling. Getting it cast into a shape that can be ground and polished into an optical mirror is an engineering tour de force in itself.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    4. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by WarJolt · · Score: 1

      Then in this case perfect is the limitation of the manufacturing equipment to correct flaws.

    5. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      But then the question becomes: is measurement at the atom level really good enough? Or is it accepted as good enough only because we can do no better?

    6. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 1
      In optics, you get to the point where further "perfection" doesn't give you any pratical benefit.
      .

      Practical benefit is not perfection, it is good enough. You are confirming my point. :)

    7. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by Trogre · · Score: 3, Informative

      I'm not sure "good enough" is the right term. The point is that the mirror produces results utterly indistinguishable from a mathematically perfect surface.

      Nothing to do with settling for "good enough" which usually implies a compromise has been made somewhere.

      You could say it was practically perfect in every way. I'll go stand outside now.

      --
      "Nine times out of ten, starting a fire is not the best way to solve the problem." - my wife
    8. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 1
      I'll go stand outside now.
      .

      No need to stand outside. You drilled right into the crux of the matter.

      Think about it. "utterly indistinguishable" What does that really mean?

      Perhaps it means that the limits of our measurement capabilities have been reached.....

    9. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not "mathematically perfection", so much as engineering "good enough". Just make sure the optics aren't the limiting factor in the error budget and you win. Perfect or not.

    10. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by budgenator · · Score: 3, Informative

      At this point, perfection is measured by the glass being approximately the correct shape and without air bubbles or strains being too close together or the surface. If you watch the video, someone was actually walking on the mirror, something that couldn't be done after the blank was ground and figured to an accuracy of a few millionths of an inch.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
    11. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      even sometimes you don't want to go up in the "perfection" of the surface, because you want to scatter the smaller wavelengths you don't plan to observe (like far UV in optical telescopes, or IR and visible in case of mm and sub-mm telescopes), so you minimize the noise coming form those bands.

    12. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by Muad'Dave · · Score: 3, Informative

      It's not that the surface is perfect to the limit of our ability to measure, it's that the performance of the telescope _system_ is constrained by something other than the shape of the mirror (diffraction-limited). The mirror is "utterly indistinguishable" from perfect because any more perfection out of the mirror will not increase the _system's_ performance. In other words, the telescope's performance would not be enhanced at all if the mirror were replaced with a mathematically perfect one.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    13. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by kmac06 · · Score: 1

      This isn't insightful, it is ignorant. YES, measurement at the atomic level is good enough. It can essentially measure the exact quantum state of the mirror. You cannot do any better than that.

    14. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by kmac06 · · Score: 1

      I'm sure it's not that good. Imperfections could certainly be distinguished with an atomic force microscope or electron microscope. The point is that they could not be distinguished by the intended use of this thing.

    15. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by jebrew · · Score: 1

      That explanation is good enough for me.

    16. Re:No such thing as "perfect"... by cookd · · Score: 1

      That would be the case if we were trying to focus atomic forces or electrons. Instead, since we're trying to focus certain wavelengths of light, only differences that are detectable with those wavelengths of light will imact the result.

      --
      Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.
  7. Perfect? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The last time I heard that we were talking about the mirrors for the Hubble.

  8. Re:everything made by man fails by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Which brings me to my next point, children.

    Don't smoke crack.

  9. Re:everything made by man fails by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 4, Funny

    I don't understand, what is this post about? It looks like random mindless babbling, not really a structured conspiracy theory or criticism or anything.

  10. why not an array? by SuperBanana · · Score: 1

    I'm confused- I thought mirror arrays were far superior at least in part because they don't have sagging problems and can correct on the fly for atmospheric disturbances by actuating the segments of the mirror. It certainly is a hell of a lot cheaper; U Texas did it for one third the cost of this thing, and theirs is almost a meter larger in "effective" diameter.

    In fact, there are 7 or 8 telescopes larger than this, and eleven if you widen it to "larger or equal to".

    Obviously, they wouldn't have done something like this if it was inferior, unless this was just for PR/bragging rights. So, why? Is the image quality inferior?

    1. Re:why not an array? by NixieBunny · · Score: 1

      Roger Angel likes to make mirrors this way. If they wanted to use a segmented mirror, then it wouldn't be cast in Tucson.

      --
      The determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language.
    2. Re:why not an array? by mr_mischief · · Score: 1

      Just wait until there are four or five of these things spread across a continent and ganged together by a computer. Bigger mirrors and more mirrors both gives the advantages of both. There has to be a first one of this size, though.

    3. Re:why not an array? by freeasinrealale · · Score: 0, Redundant

      I'm trying to imagine a Beowolf cluster of these mirrors...

      --
      A man spends the first half of his life accumulating stuff, the second trying to get rid of it all.
    4. Re:why not an array? by againjj · · Score: 1
      From Wikipedia:

      Optical interferometers are mostly seen by astronomers as very specialized instruments, capable of a very limited range of observations. It is often said that an interferometer achieves the effect of a telescope the size of the distance between the apertures; this is only true in the limited sense of angular resolution. The combined effects of limited aperture area and atmospheric turbulence generally limit interferometers to observations of comparatively bright stars and active galactic nuclei. However, they have proven useful for making very high precision measurements of simple stellar parameters such as size and position (astrometry), for imaging the nearest giant stars and probing the cores of nearby active galaxies.

    5. Re:why not an array? by lordofwhee · · Score: 1

      All running Linux, I trust?

    6. Re:why not an array? by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 1

      No, that's sooo last year. The new question is: But does it run Vista? Especially since for many things, the answer seems to be no.

    7. Re:why not an array? by Nyeerrmm · · Score: 4, Informative

      There's a difference between a segmented or even sparse primary mirror and an interferometer.

      A telescope with a segmented mirror works almost exactly the same way as a normal telescope, except its easier to manufacture mirrors. Of course, this is with the cost of making it harder to keep aligned, and introduce unnecessary complexity for a small mirror, but as the sizes grow it becomes more and more cost effective to segment.

      A sparse mirror with a well designed layout (say a Golay array) will be very effective also as a traditional telescope. The array is designed to gather all the spatial frequencies (think of a telescope as an analog Fourier transform) with as few elements as possible. Thus, though gathering less light, it will create an image of the same resolution. Of course less light leads to lower SNRs which can be tricky and is why you don't see too many sparse systems right now.

      An interferometer, while conceptually similar to a sparse aperture system, only measures a single frequency component at a time, by taking the light from two distant telescopes and interfering them to determine the "fringes" (Young's experiment) which measure how similar the light beams are. It is thus very precise, but also very limited. Given enough time and patience you could move the relative positions of the telescopes to fill out the Fourier transform, but this is usually not very practical given that alignments need to be maintened within 10s of nanometers.

    8. Re:why not an array? by edremy · · Score: 5, Informative
      LSST isn't interesting because of the mirror diameter, it's interesting because of its incredibly wide field of view and amazingly fast optics. This thing has a field of view of almost 10 square degrees and can image down to ~24th magnitude every 15 seconds. Nothing else built or planned even comes close. PAN-STARRS4 will be the nearest thing to LSST and it has an etendue* that's something like 1/6th of LSST, although the PAN-STARRS people like to point out it's also something like a 5th of the cost of the LSST. (* a measure of mirror diameter*field of view. Bigger is better for survey telescopes)

      The UT system isn't even the same idea- the main mirror can't even be moved in elevation and doesn't cover the entire sky- it only sees 70% of it. Hobby-Eberly is a spectroscope, designed to look at specific targets for a long time to get the spectrum of the target. LSST is a survey telescope- it's going to scan the visible sky every 3 days in multiple wavelengths, so you have to have an entirely different grade of mount, support structure and drive system. As any amateur astronomer will tell you, cheaping out on the mount will save you quite a few bucks. :^) (Although looking over the Hobby-Eberly, they did some really neat stuff with the mount to get it to track.)

      Entirely different missions, different optics, different mounts, etc etc.

      --
      "Seven Deadly Sins? I thought it was a to-do list!"
    9. Re:why not an array? by budgenator · · Score: 2, Informative

      this is a fast wide-field telescope, it's designed to be wide-angled and low magnification, most other scopes are narrow-field and high magnification. This one will take pictures of the whole observable sky over and over so changes over time can be easily seen, hell they could even make time-lapse movies!

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
    10. Re:why not an array? by Perf · · Score: 1

      Google Earth, meet Google Sky.

    11. Re:why not an array? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This thing has a field of view of almost 10 square degrees

      Hey, using square degrees is cheating, you should be using curved ones like everyone else!

    12. Re:why not an array? by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) · · Score: 1

      Do segmented mirrors also suffer some quality loss due to diffraction effects at the mirror edges? As a mathematician I expect they do, but I don't know how much of an issue it is in real observation.

      --
      Doesn't it make you feel good to know that our freedoms are protected by politicans, lawyers and journalists.
    13. Re:why not an array? by Nyeerrmm · · Score: 1

      I tend to handle diffraction in terms of Fourier optics, and the effects of the aperture shapes are defined by the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF).

      This basically acts as a multiplicative mask for the Fourier transform of the image, and can be calculated as the convolution of the aperture function with itself. When you cut out small segments it has the effect of slightly reducing the MTF at whatever corresponding spatial frequency that is. The practical effects of this are minimal, with only small (~5%?) reductions over small intervals; if it really bothers someone they can correspondingly increase that component in post-processing, and the only change is a slight increase in noise.

      Put more simply, it slightly reduces the components of the image corresponding to the spatial frequencies of the gaps, which is in most cases not a practical problem.

  11. Oh come on! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Science is metric you banana heads! What the hell is 51900 pounds in real money?

    1. Re:Oh come on! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Science is metric you banana heads! What the hell is 51900 pounds in real money?

      I think it's the mass of a couple of Americans.

  12. finally... by Brain+Damaged+Bogan · · Score: 1

    A mirror big enough for RMS, now if only we could get him to look into it each morning...

    --
    -- Sex is the antonym of pringles. Once you pop it's time to stop.
    1. Re:finally... by eclectro · · Score: 1

      A mirror big enough for RMS, now if only we could get him to look into it each morning...

      The problem may not so much be getting him to look in it in the morning, the problem may be the sun rising over his shoulder...

      --
      Take the cheese to sickbay, the doctor should see it as soon as possible - B'Elanna Torres, "Learning Curve"
    2. Re:finally... by gardyloo · · Score: 1

      Every time I see "RMS" I think "Root Mean Square -- that can't be right!" Then I remember who we're talking about, parse the words a little differently, and think, "Actually, it's entirely apropos."

    3. Re:finally... by aproposofwhat · · Score: 1

      of what?

      --
      One swallow does not a fellatrix make
    4. Re:finally... by chromeshadow · · Score: 1

      Could be worse - that acronym makes Porsche drivers wake up sweating at night.

  13. Yes... by msauve · · Score: 1, Funny

    but the summary did say that Microsoft money (via a level of indirection) was involved, so "good enough" is in its genes.

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    1. Re:Yes... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 0, Flamebait
      the summary did say that Microsoft money (via a level of indirection) was involved, so "good enough" is in its genes.
      .

      If Microsoft is involved, non-responsiveness to users, bloat, and crashing are in its genes. And don't forget DRM.

      ~~~Do you have the license to look at those stars?~~~

      ~~~You may only make one copy of those star images.~~~

    2. Re:Yes... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 1

      Flamebait?!? I thought it was funny. :)

  14. /.ed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    so what happens when the site gets /.ed?

  15. You know the rule by Weaselmancer · · Score: 4, Funny

    Microsoft products aren't worth buying until they get to the third release. So they just skipped straight to #3 this time.

    --
    Weaselmancer
    rediculous.
    1. Re:You know the rule by JasterBobaMereel · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Charles Simonyi gave twice as much as his billness ...he was head of MS Office and has actually been into space ...

      --
      Puteulanus fenestra mortis
  16. For the love of Ballmer...... by gemada · · Score: 1

    i am sure Billy G was glad it wasn't a giant, perfect window!

  17. What about Expansion? by missileman · · Score: 1

    I wonder how much that mirror will expand and contract with temperature changes. They would surely have to factor it in. Oh well, I guess they can always cut an expansion joint across the middle if it looks like cracking. :)

    1. Re:What about Expansion? by mapsjanhere · · Score: 1

      well, a 26 ton chunk of glass doesn't tend to warm up or cool down a lot, at least not over the time span of typical daily temperature fluctuations. According to the Wiki article, they poured that thing in March, and now it has finally cooled off.

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
  18. Question for the telescope geeks.. by DieByWire · · Score: 1

    Why is the tertiary mirror larger than the secondary? That's not like any telescope that I'm familiar with.

    --
    Never shake hands with a man you meet in a fertility clinic.
    1. Re:Question for the telescope geeks.. by HuguesT · · Score: 1

      The secondary is concave, it spreads the image, it does not focus it. The tertiary's job is to focus the image onto the camera.

      Actually Meade and Celestron amateur telescopes also have a spreading secondary. It allows them to have a high F/D ratio with a short body.

      Here the whole idea is to have a low F/D, I'm not sure why they need a secondary and tertiary. I'm sort of understanding that with a primary only, the resulting image would be distorted, and that the secondary/tertiary arrangement allows for a large flat focusing field. The camera's design is then simpler.

  19. Re:everything made by man fails by jannesha · · Score: 1

    I don't understand, what is this post about? It looks like random mindless babbling, not really a structured conspiracy theory or criticism or anything.

    Did you miss the part where it's "partially funded by Gates & Co."? Sheesh, you must be new here.

  20. Forget the mirror! 3.2Gigapixel camera! by jriskin · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The digital camera in this thing generates 15TB of data a day from its 3200megapixel camera. I'm assuming it has an array of sensors, but thats still a ridiculous amazing pixel count.

    1. Re:Forget the mirror! 3.2Gigapixel camera! by Muad'Dave · · Score: 1

      The digital camera in this thing generates 15TB of data a day ...

      I hope they don't have Comcast.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    2. Re:Forget the mirror! 3.2Gigapixel camera! by suggsjc · · Score: 1
      First, you were wrong.

      The 30 terabytes of data obtained each night

      Obviously, this is a great achievement deserving of the /. homepage...
      However, I'm more interested in hearing about how they are going to process/archive/use that much data!

      I'll be honest and say that I'd never heard (or at least remembered) anything about the LSST, so I just did a brief lookover of their site and it seems like a ridiculously cool project.

      LSST will rapidly scan the sky, charting objects that change or move

      That means it will have to store multiple versions (history) to be able to do trend analysis. So at multiple TB's of data, how exactly are they planning on processing/analyzing it?!?

      As is traditional in the US for many large ground-based telescopes, the LSST is a public-private project. Private support leverages even larger federal support. This traditionally has been true even for facilities where the data was not public immediately. LSST breaks with that tradition in that the data and data products from LSST are immediately public, without a proprietary time period. Thus, private funding for LSST supports open access.

      It also mentioned that they are hoping that individuals (and groups) do interesting things with the data...but seriously, I was talking with my brother the other day about how cheap 1TB disks were now. But even if they were only $100 a piece, you'd still be dropping some major $$$ just to be able to begin to do anything (comprehensive) with it.

      --
      When I have a kid, I want to put him in one of those strollers for twins and then run around the mall looking frantic.
  21. Mirror and Camera by stewardwildcat · · Score: 5, Informative

    I am an astronomer at the UA and the mirror is a major feat of engineering. It will be the first telescope to have the tertiary and the primary mirror on the same piece of glass. They will have to grind both parts to be perfectly aligned (point to the same place) as well as make the transition area as small as possible. The secondary mirror is a doughnut shape that will be placed above the primary and will have the $100M camera behind it. The camera itself will be the size of a small car and will be as stated before a 3.2 Gigapixel ccd. It will have 200+ 4k by 4k CCD chips that will be read out in 2 seconds. This coupled with the fact it will image the night sky in 5 colors every week will lead to petabytes of data by the programs terminus. Its basically the coolest telescope that will ever be built. ESPECIALLY since the data is set to be public (for US residents) the moment it is processed each morning.

    1. Re:Mirror and Camera by chromeshadow · · Score: 1

      Why US residents only?

    2. Re:Mirror and Camera by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's really cool and all.....except I feel really bad for you being a wildcat. Signed, A Sun Devil

    3. Re:Mirror and Camera by stewardwildcat · · Score: 1

      Because it will be funded by the United States in the end. It all basically has to deal with where the money comes from. Currently its being funded through private donations until it can get the full support of the US government.

  22. It was as if... by dave562 · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...all the ants on the planet screamed out in horror at the same time, then suddenly went silent.

  23. I can haz atomsnes? by Nefarious+Wheel · · Score: 3, Funny

    "perfect" is a malleable term for "flawless within the constraints and granularity of one's ability to measure". It may be perfect on the molecular level, and on the atomic, but ... some of thoze particalzorz haz a deviant spin!!

    --
    Do not mock my vision of impractical footwear
  24. LSST is cool - but this isn't why. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    Casting 8-meter-class blanks simply isn't that uncommon any more. The Large Binocular Telescope has a pair of 8.4-meter primaries; Subaru has an 8.3-meter; VLT has four 8.2-meter, Gemini North and South each have an 8.1-meter. Oh, and the Giant Magellan Telescope is planned to have seven 8.4-meter mirrors.

    The LSST is unusual in that its light path is more "folded", hitting 3 mirror surfaces on the way to its primary camera, which means that relatively run-of-the-mill 8-meter-class blank has to be ground pretty uniquely. (And I wish them the best of luck with the process.)

    Also, its secondary mirror is absofreakinglutely huge, at 5 meters. To put this in context, just ten years ago there was only one operational telescope in the whole world with a primary mirror larger than 5 meters.

    And f/1.25 is crazy fast, yes. The newest, fastest survey scopes out there right now are VISTA at f/3.25 and Pan-STARRS PS1 at f/4. SDSS is f/5, and VLT is f/5.5.

    So there you have it - what's really cool about LSST, from a guy who drives a boring old f/10 2.2-meter. ;)

    1. Re:LSST is cool - but this isn't why. by Shag · · Score: 2, Informative

      So there you have it - what's really cool about LSST, from a guy who drives a boring old f/10 2.2-meter. ;)

      ...and who absent-mindedly checked the "Post Anonymously" box for no reason. Whoops.

      --
      Village idiot in some extremely smart villages.
    2. Re:LSST is cool - but this isn't why. by Fallen+Andy · · Score: 1
      Thanks for that post, still waking up so haven't RTFA yet, but your post reminded me of thisscope which although smaller is f/1.

      Andy

    3. Re:LSST is cool - but this isn't why. by Shag · · Score: 1

      VATT's primary mirror is f/1. The entire optical system is, according to the same Wikipedia page you linked to, an "Aplanatic Gregorian f/9."

      If I've read the LSST web site correctly, I believe the design calls for its entire optical system to be f/1.25.

      LSST's field of view will also be much wider than VATT. As a camera user, this seems sensible to me - my short/wide lenses are "faster" than my long zooms.

      --
      Village idiot in some extremely smart villages.
  25. LSSTing for this by jagdish · · Score: 1

    51,900-pound mirror blank, which consists of an outer 27.5-foot diameter (8.4-meter) primary mirror and an inner 16.5-foot (5-meter) third mirror cast in one mold

    I have no idea what that means, but I want one anyway.

  26. Re:everything made by man fails by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    It's easy to understand once you realize there are four simultaneous days in each rotation of the earth!

    1-corner god is a fraud! Are you afraid to know?

  27. Can someone explain... by harkabeeparolyn · · Score: 1

    Can someone explain why a mirror this size has to weight 25 tons? Aren't there lighter materials that could be used to support the mirrors surface?

    1. Re:Can someone explain... by bdeclerc · · Score: 3, Informative

      A telescope mirror needs a number of special properties, from rigidity and weight, but also thermal stability and the ability to polish it efficiently.

      For nearly 50 years the largest mirror was the 5 meter Hale telescope, but in the late '80s materials science and casting techniques had evolved to the point where we could reliably cast larger, lighter telescope mirrors, and computing power to the point where active suspension of thinner mirrors is possible.

      However, this doesn't mean we can create weightless mirrors, and an 8.4m mirror with a short focal length and two different surfaces still requires quite a bit of internal strength. Glass still has a higher density than water.

      An 8.4m mirror has a surface area of 220 square meters, even assuming the density of water (1000 kg/m3) 25 tons corresponds to a thickness of only about 12 cm, or less than 5 inches, which is very very thin, and as I said, glass has a density higher than water, so the actual thickness would be substantially less.

    2. Re:Can someone explain... by mapsjanhere · · Score: 2, Insightful

      hmm, I think you did a d^2 instead of an r^2 in your area calculations. The actual area is 55 m^2. With glass density around 2.5 g/cm^3 you get about 20 cm thickness. What's an astonishing aspect ratio, about the shape of a saucer.

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
    3. Re:Can someone explain... by HuguesT · · Score: 1

      If you look at the photo on TFA, the mirror looks honeycombed and much thicker.

    4. Re:Can someone explain... by bdeclerc · · Score: 1

      You're right, bit of a mess-up there. Still, 20cm thick over a diameter of 8.4 meters is still pretty thin, although it's indeed honeycombed, so the actual thickness is higher, but only partially filled.

  28. "f" = F-stop? And what's a "fast" telescope? by zooblethorpe · · Score: 1

    Is your "f" notation here the same thing as for cameras? I'm used to SLRs, where "f" denotes the f-stop, the size of the lens aperture versus the focal length, with smaller numbers meaning a wider aperture, resulting in a greatly reduced depth of field (i.e., you have to be a lot more careful about focusing correctly), but also more light coming through and therefore shorter exposure times. Is this what you mean by "fast"? And why is this important? Does it allow for imaging of darker objects?

    Curious,

    --
    "What in the name of Fats Waller is that?"
    "A four-foot prune."
  29. Re:everything made by man fails by kubitus · · Score: 1

    the wise man was asked : What are you doing?

    He answered: I am very busy - I am preparing my next error!

  30. Re:"f" = F-stop? And what's a "fast" telescope? by bdeclerc · · Score: 3, Informative

    Yes, it's the same. A shorter focal ratio ("fast") allows for a larger field of view with the same size CCD-chip. The "side-effect" of this is that a larger bit of sky falls onto the individual pixels, which means you sacrifice resolving power for sensitivity.

  31. Re:mod 04 by aurispector · · Score: 1

    looks like someone is testing a new spam machine.

    --
    I have mod points. The reign of terror begins now.
  32. /. just isn't what it used to be by elrous0 · · Score: 1

    I scrolled through these comments without finding a single "Real Genius" reference of question about using the mirror for making popcorn. For shame, slashdotters, for shame!

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.