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Wiretapping Program Ruled Legal

BuhDuh writes "The New York Times is carrying a story concerning that well known bastion of legal authority, the 'Foreign Intelligence Surveillance' court, which has ruled that the National Security Agency's warrantless eavesdropping program was perfectly legal. It says, 'A federal intelligence court, in a rare public opinion, is expected to issue a major ruling validating the power of the president and Congress to wiretap international phone calls and intercept e-mail messages without a court order, even when Americans' private communications may be involved, according to a person with knowledge of the opinion.'"

38 of 575 comments (clear)

  1. Cairo by eldavojohn · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You should ask the people in Cairo where they think we're heading. Egypt's a "democratic" country terrorizing its people under the guise of a "war on terror." Really, you just need to intercept communications of those people who oppose you in any form or fashion and simply provide even the slightest proof that they belong to The Muslim Brotherhood. The screams in the night are nothing to concern you, comrade, you haven't done anything wrong so why should you be worried?

    I don't think anything really bad is being done against the American people at this moment. I do think that boundaries are being crossed whereby if the wrong person gets into power, there is no going back. Just ask yourself: What Would Nixon Do?

    --
    My work here is dung.
    1. Re:Cairo by Shakrai · · Score: 4, Insightful

      you are aware that U.S. citizens are being held at Guantanamo?

      Citation?

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    2. Re:Cairo by Yungoe · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Please be sure to use the entire quote from Franklin. This entire quote is "They who would give up an essential liberty for temporary security, deserve neither liberty or security." These adjectives change the meaning of the quote entirely.

      Also where in the constitution is this clear?

    3. Re:Cairo by 2short · · Score: 3, Insightful



      "These adjectives change the meaning of the quote entirely."

      On the contrary, those adjectives only emphasize why the quote is true.

      Unless you believe liberty is sometimes inessential or security is ever anything but temporary.

    4. Re:Cairo by mfnickster · · Score: 5, Insightful

      While I am in favor of them getting trials, I don't think they should have the same rights as US citizens.

      You are part of the problem then. The American government and Constitution were founded on the idea that everyone has the same rights, whether they are citizens of the U.S. or not.

      That's also why this wiretapping program is unethical if not illegal; how does it promote American values and the principles of liberty to say "different rules for you than for us" ?

      --
      "Slow down, Cowboy! It has been 3 years, 7 months and 26 days since you last successfully posted a comment."
    5. Re:Cairo by __aasqbs9791 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I listened to Antonin Scalia describe this a little while ago on CSPAN. While the Constitution obviously couldn't address telephones directly when it was created, and Scalia's viewpoint is it does not change with the times unless directly amended (I assume he then thinks it would have to be updated with every new technology???) I wonder if mailings from one person to another were protected in any way? Does the government require a warrant to intercept postal mail (which did exist at the time and might be covered under "effects"?) While it is easy to consider a phone call to be a conversation (which is not covered) is could also be considered a conversation at the source and at the endpoint, and real time mail in between. You can have a conversation via mail. It tends to be really slow, but an exchange of letters back and forth is a conversation. I think you'd have to look at the Why we have the protection from the government, rather than the strict lettering of What protection we have. If you just look at the What, then it reminds me of traditions where everyone does something a certain way, but no one knows why it is done that way. What's the point? How could you ever know if/when a tradition needs to be changed (amended) if no one remembers the Why any longer? The Why is at least as important as the What, IMHO.

    6. Re:Cairo by blueg3 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "Effects" is "possessions". I don't think it's necessarily certain that a communication conducted over a system that is, for the most part, not owned by either communicating party, is their possession.

    7. Re:Cairo by thedonger · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You are still misquoting. An "essential liberty" is not the same thing as "liberty" in the context you are using it. Franklin was undoubtedly referring to basic liberties provided by the constitution.

      So at issue is whether privately talking on the phone with mom is an "essential liberty," and whether or not we can assume Franklin would think so.

      --
      Help fight poverty: Punch a poor person.
    8. Re:Cairo by Shakrai · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The American government and Constitution were founded on the idea that everyone has the same rights, whether they are citizens of the U.S. or not.

      When has the Constitution ever been held to apply to prisoners of war? Do you really mean to tell me that all those German and Japanese POWs we captured could have petitioned for habeas corpus?

      I realize that we specifically designed them as unlawful combatants instead of POWs but the point still stands. You are confusing domestic law enforcement with alien combatants captured on foreign battlefields while engaged in combat with US forces. Given the fact that none of them even followed the laws of war to begin with we would have been well within our rights to summarily execute them as soon as they were captured. Don't believe this? Open a history book and find out what happened to the Germans that were captured during the Battle of the Bugle while fighting in Allied uniforms.

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    9. Re:Cairo by radtea · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And what, you think 15 year olds can't go to jail?

      Omar Khadr is legally a child soldier under UN treaties that the United States pretends to be a signatory to. As such, the American detainment of him is in violation of international law.

      The United States was once a bastion of the Rule of Law. Today it is a bastion of lawlessness and evil.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    10. Re:Cairo by johnsonav · · Score: 4, Insightful

      By extrapolation, it is not unreasonable to assume that, had the Founding Fathers envisioned telephones and e-mail, they would have included them in the 4th amendment as well.

      I don't think you can leap to that conclusion quite so quickly. Postal mail was around then, yet they left that out of the 4th amendment.

      We can go around and around, trying to guess what the founders meant when they wrote the Constitution, or we can change the Constitution to say exactly what we want now. When we try to derive intent from the limited text of the Constitution, we end up in the situation we are in now: judges end up twisting and contorting the actual wording of the document to fit the times. We should be interpreting it as written, and changing the text of the document as the times change.

      --
      ... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
    11. Re:Cairo by Alyred · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I didn't realize we had battles over simple brass horns.. All joking aside I think that the conflict results over whether one believes that the phrase "inalienable rights" means natural rights that every human has, or simply legal rights spelled out in a rule of law -- the difference between written rights and moral rights. Morally, we should be treating everyone equally, regardless of how they treated us -- isn't that how the saying goes? That's not to say we cannot fight for our rights or well being, but that when given the choice between the moral high ground and gut reaction, shouldn't we rise above our base instincts?

    12. Re:Cairo by lupis42 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      What if you were arrested on vacation, in, say, England, or Australia? Wouldn't you like to get a fair trial, at least by their standards? Or is it okay for them to stick you in a hole, have you extradited to a country where you are tortured, convict you in absentia, and maybe even execute you, because you aren't a citizen, and only citizens get rights?

    13. Re:Cairo by UnknowingFool · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The Geneva Convention applies to prisoners of war; however, the Bush administration's standpoint was they were not prisoners of war either so they didn't get those rights. I see this as a move by the Bush administration to avoid any culpability and any scrutiny.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    14. Re:Cairo by johnsonav · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think you'd have to look at the Why we have the protection from the government, rather than the strict lettering of What protection we have.

      Its hard enough to get anyone to agree on what protections the Constitution offers, let alone why those protections are there. When the public abdicated their responsibility to maintain a relevant Constitution, and gave that power to the Judiciary, we started down this path.

      If you just look at the What, then it reminds me of traditions where everyone does something a certain way, but no one knows why it is done that way.

      If the American people ever forget why the government's power is limited by the Constitution, we'll soon have a government which reminds them.

      --
      ... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
    15. Re:Cairo by Shakrai · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The Geneva Convention applies to prisoners of war; however, the Bush administration's standpoint was they were not prisoners of war either so they didn't get those rights.

      The Geneva Conventions also lay down requirements that combatants must meet if they want to receive the protections accorded therein. When Al Quada starts fighting in uniform under the command of officers while taking steps to minimize civilian casualties I'll start worrying about the fact that they aren't being accorded POW status.

      Mind you, I'm completely opposed to torture but I draw the line at giving enemy combatants (whether accorded POW status or not) access to our civilian judicial system. As far as I'm concerned the military can hold them until such time as hostilities against our country are ended. As far as I'm concerned our military doesn't even need to concern itself with taking them prisoner in the first place unless it deems that they may have useful intelligence.

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    16. Re:Cairo by Shakrai · · Score: 5, Insightful

      He was handed over to Saudi Arabia after being stripped of citizenship.

      You mean, "after agreeing to renounce his citizenship", right? You also left out the part where he was released from Gitmo and brought to the United States once his citizenship status was discovered.

      John Walker Lindh [wikipedia.org] - American Citizen, Enemy Combatant. Entered a guilty plea on 2 of his 10 charges; carrying weapons and serving in the Taliban army. Currently serving 20 years in an American prison.

      Lindh was never held in Gitmo so I'm somewhat baffled as to why you are bringing him up in the context of this discussion. He got his day in court and opted to plead guilty rather than take his chances with the jury. What's the problem here?

      The most disturbing case, however, is that of Jose Padilla [wikipedia.org], who was never held in Guantanamo, to our knowledge, but is an American citizen arrested in the United States and declared an enemy combatant.

      You left out the part where he eventually got his day in court and was convicted by a jury.

      but the way his case was handled was disturbing to say the least

      That much I'll give you. As an American citizen captured on American soil he should have processed through the civilian justice system and accorded the right to a speedy trial. None of this really relates to my original question though. Which American citizens are currently being held in Gitmo?

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    17. Re:Cairo by 2short · · Score: 5, Insightful

      "You are still misquoting"

      No, I am disagreeing. I believe Franklin clearly meant "essential" to describe the nature of "liberty". For your interpretation to make sense, he would have had to say "an essential liberty" (as you do), or more likely "essential liberties". He didn't. He said "essential liberty" as a non-specific singular, and not by accident.
          If you read a significant amount of Franklins writing you'll note that grammar is not his weak suit. Also, there is no need to rely on detailed parsing of this one sentence. While that quote puts it particularly poetically, the idea I claim he expresses through it is also expressed about five billion other ways throughout his work.

      "Franklin was undoubtedly referring to basic liberties provided by the constitution."

      Undoubtedly? Years before that list was written? Really? I had no idea. He doesn't mention his psychic abilities in his autobiography.

    18. Re:Cairo by Alyred · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I'm not sure that the goal is to give them access to our civilian courts, but to be tried in a court of law where they can mount a defense and the government can bring their evidence to bear, so that people who are being detained illegally get a fair trial. Can anyone really argue against that knowing that there might be people there that aren't involved... and stories that some were sold to military police? Why not have a neutral party (country) try these prisoners so that we can discover who belongs there?

    19. Re:Cairo by Bj�rn · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This is from the Wikipedia article on unlawful combatants.

      The Geneva Conventions apply in wars between two or more states. Article 5 of the GCIII states that the status of a detainee may be determined by a "competent tribunal." Until such time, he is to be treated as a prisoner of war. After a "competent tribunal" has determined his status, the "Detaining Power" may choose to accord the detained unlawful combatant the rights and privileges of a POW, as described in the Third Geneva Convention, but is not required to do so. An unlawful combatant who is not a national of a neutral State, and who is not a national of a co-belligerent State, retains rights and privileges under the Fourth Geneva Convention so that he must be "treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial."

      In other words, if the US want to follow international law it should either treat these prisoner an normal criminals and give them a fair trial, or treat them as POW for which the Geneva Conventions apply. Now GWB signed a memorandum the Feb. 7 2002, stating that the Geneva Convention doesn't apply to al-Qaeda or the Taliban, but that is not international law, and hopefully just a parenthesis in US history books.

      --
      Never express yourself more clearly than you are able to think. --Niels Bohr
    20. Re:Cairo by 2short · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If while on vacation, some guy says you did those things, would you like the chance to say they had the wrong guy?

  2. Motherfucking son of bitch. by seanadams.com · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This right on the heels of a god damned act of treason by
    Supreme Court just yesterday: http://www.freep.com/article/20090115/NEWS07/90115015

    Seriously, can anyone tell me ANYTHING whatsoever that the 4th amendment does now?

    And just in case anyone out there is still Hoping for Change starting next week: sorry, the New Boss supports this shit too - and he's a "constitutional scholar"!

    Every last one of these sons of bitches should be in jail.

    1. Re:Motherfucking son of bitch. by FireStormZ · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "Seriously, can anyone tell me ANYTHING whatsoever that the 4th amendment does now?"

      A communication coming in abroad is no different than a package. The government has *always* had a right to intercept foreign shipments and communications. The 4th applies to American citizens *in* America not aything about people who are not Americans or persons (be they American or not) overseas.

      --
      "Ahh! Arrogance and stupidity in the same package, how efficient of you!" --Londo Molari
    2. Re:Motherfucking son of bitch. by megamerican · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "The question whether the judges are invested with exclusive authority to decide on the constitutionality of a law has been heretofore a subject of consideration with me in the exercise of official duties. Certainly there is not a word in the Constitution which has given that power to them more than to the Executive or Legislative branches."

              --Thomas Jefferson to W. H. Torrance, 1815. ME 14:303

      http://www.landmarkcases.org/marbury/jefferson.html

      "This member of the Government was at first considered as the most harmless and helpless of all its organs. But it has proved that the power of declaring what the law is, ad libitum, by sapping and mining slyly and without alarm the foundations of the Constitution, can do what open force would not dare to attempt."

      In other words, it isn't very hard for 5 lawyers to screw things up for everyone!

      --
      If you have something that you dont want anyone to know, maybe you shouldnt be doing it in the first place -Eric Schmidt
    3. Re:Motherfucking son of bitch. by Poppa · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I love how liberals think. They are responsible enough to decide when to kill a baby, but aren't responsible enough to use a gun for protection.

      It's amazing how they can decide that "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." does not mean what it says.

      So, by collective right you are saying that our rights are not being infringed by denying a DC resident to have a gun because someone in Montana can have one? Or by saying the National Guard is allowed to have guns?

      What do you think the point of the Second Amendment is?

  3. Okay... by girlintraining · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Well, in the fine tradition of our founding fathers then, let's assemble publicly, choose representatives from amongst us, and then send them out internationally to work towards encrypting the network and locking it down, taking away the ability of our government to spy on us at the network level. You don't play well with others, and soon you'll have nobody to play with. Simple. Of course... who will bell the cat?

    --
    #fuckbeta #iamslashdot #dicemustdie
  4. Riots? by cHiphead · · Score: 4, Insightful

    So what time do the riots and looting start? I'm not off work til 5pm but I gotta pickup the kids and get them home by 6pm, oh and I have to watch an episode of House MD before I can head out. On second thought, I do have to work tomorrow and don't want to be inconvenienced, so lets put them off until its warmer outside as well, maybe next year, or the year after?

    *Goes back to staring at the god box and doing as told.

    cheers.

    --

    This is my sig. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
  5. Excuse me while I... by assemblerex · · Score: 3, Insightful

    go buy more ammo for my soon to be banned guns.
    Jefferson was right

  6. Of course I'll get modded down by GuloGulo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    But I strongly suspected this already. Most people who actually analyzed the situation and the LAW thought it was a strong possibility.

    Unfortunately, every time I attempted to discuss the actual LAW, I (and others) were shouted down (and modded down) by the "WHARGARBLL FUCK BUSH BLAHGHGHG!!" crowd, who'd rather not have their prejudices disproven.

    Things can be legal, and still be intrusive and wrong on a moral level.

    Perhaps in the future, all of you who screamed "Illegal wiretaps!!!!" at the top of your lungs will take the time to listen.

    PS, I think it's shitty too, but that doesn't make it illegal.

    --
    "The government grants you rights, not the other way around."-- beav007. Yes, these people really exist...
  7. Re:Why not? by huckamania · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The FISA court is simply recognizing that no one has a right to privacy when making an international call. Freedom of Speech does not make any guarantee of privacy, nor does Freedom from Search & Seizure exist at the border. The NSA program specifically targeted phone calls between the US and a foreign country.

    The FISA court still needs to exist to temper abuse for domestic wire taps.

    I've explained this several times on this site and I'm glad to see the court has finally figured out how to read.

  8. bushcrimesyndicate? by Kymermosst · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The tag "bushcrimesyndicate" is inaccurate. For those of you who haven't read the Constitution, Congress is responsible for setting up all Federal courts, including the FISA court (surely nobody believes that Bush created FISA...).

    "politiciancrimesyndicate" is much more accurate.

    --
    "Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives" should be a convenience store, not a government agency.
  9. Re:Oh well by gnick · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's not like they don't have what's best for you in mind.

    Actually, in all seriousness, I believe that they do. I think that all the paranoia about them trying to enslave our minds to support some massive corporate/governing elite by censoring our movements, restricting our speech, and stripping our rights away is nonsense. I think that the Intelligence agencies and probably better than half of our governing body is motivated (mainly) by wanting to do what's best for us and keep us safe.

    The problem is that their idea of what's "best for us" may not line up with mine and I'll be damned if I'm going to voluntarily abandon rights because it may-or-may-not make some minimal impact on my safety that would be dwarfed by efforts on the non-terror front. I don't so much question their intentions (although I don't object too loudly when other people do - blind trust is usually a bad idea), I just object to their methods.

    --
    He's getting rather old, but he's a good mouse.
  10. Re:Information Vs Matter by Zymergy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Depends on if that "communication" goes over lands/buildings/properties exclusively owned by a private individual US Citizen with 4th Amendment protections OR does that transmission cross some line of demarcation onto property that is not solely owned by that 4th Amendment protested individual?
    To walk around your house naked is legal as it your right to privacy, but to go outside and walk down the street naked, your rights to privacy vanish!
    My email have been ruled to be "unprotected" once it passes my line of demarcation and this is no different.
    Putting it another way, two parties yelling across a public alley at one another from each of their private homes (or even if signaling each other in Morse Code with Naval Signaling Lights) are not protected by the 4th Amendment in their "Communication" as intercepting it can be done from lands and property not owned by either party. (And the same would be true if the same individual owned both homes, because the message crossed lands and property not subject to the 4th Amendment protections of the individual citizen.

    IANAL, but as I understand the 4th Amendment, it was written over SEARCH and SEIZURES in/of a Private US Citizen's PROPERTY/HOME, and does not cover PUBLIC locations. For public locations, the Police need to abide by their own ROE and typically only probable cause or some other suspicion or wrongdoing is needed for the Police to search your person or vehicle (as you would NOT be located on/in YOUR 4th Amendment Protected private property but in a public location.)

  11. Re:Since When Was It Legal by Col.+Klink+(retired) · · Score: 5, Insightful

    . . . for any citizen to conspire, support, or engage in activities whose sole purpose is the violent overthrow of the Constitution?

    Since December 15, 1791.

    The first amendment allows freedom of expression, even if the idea being expressed is to abolish the existing government.

    The second amendment was not passed to protect the rights of hunters. It was passed so that common citizens could, in the inevitable instance that their government becomes tyrannical, can be overthrown. In 1791, "well-regulated" did not mean that the militia would be "regulated" or licensed by the government (you didn't need a license for anything in 1791). "Well-regulated" meant a militia that could shoot straight.

    These ideas were not outrageous to the founding fathers. They themselves had just violently overthrown their government. While not law, these ideas are expressed clearly in the opening of the Declaration of Independence:

    When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

    --

    -- Don't Tase me, bro!

  12. Egypt has never been a democracy by Crazy+Taco · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Egypt's a "democratic" country terrorizing its people under the guise of a "war on terror."

    That's bull. What hate America, left wing source gave you that information and tried to compare us to Egypt in terms of democracy? This is patently false on it's face. Egypt instantly fails the first test anyone would do when trying to determine see if a country is a democracy. They don't have any free or fair elections. Hosni Mubarak proved that beyond a shadow of a doubt. They have been a mild dictatorship at best for decades, and everyone knows it. Contrast that to the US... if we were a dictatorship under president Bush, as so many on the left wildly claim, then why is he voluntarily leaving power? A dictator doesn't care about term limits. And why is someone he didn't vote for coming to power? Because we still respect the will of the people in this country. We actually are a democracy and don't have hand picked successors.

    Just ask yourself: What Would Nixon Do?

    How about we ask, "What would George Washington do?" Answer: The exact same thing. Ever since this country was founded we have done this same sort of stuff. The early presidents all found spying ok, all engaged in it, and all inspected foreign mail during war. Move forward a little and you'll find that FDR and JFK did the same sorts of warrantless wiretapping we are doing now, and they are Democrat heroes. In fact, Robert Kennedy did more than probably anyone in history. There is a difference between regular criminal mischief and war, and a difference between American citizens protected under the constitution and people from other countries. Most reasonable people recognize this. During wars especially, but even when not at war, the US (and all other nations) have the right to spy on each other without asking for a warrant from the international court. Only our own citizens are protected from illegal search and seizure under the constitution. Foreign enemy terrorists are not. Sorry.

    --
    Beware of bugs in the above code; I have only proved it correct, not tried it.
    1. Re:Egypt has never been a democracy by radtea · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Foreign enemy terrorists are not.

      The problem, of course, is that who identifies these "foreign enemy terrorists" as such?

      How do you know that I, for example, am not a foreign enemy terrorist? Who gets to make that ruling? The same people who want to do the spying?

      But if all they require is a declaration, then ANYONE can be declared a "foreign enemy terrorist," including natural-born Americans who have been summarily stripped of their citizenship because they have been declared "foreign enemy terrorists". After all, who would stand up for a "foreign enemy terrorist" who is pretending to be an American citizen?

      Bellicose cowards are very quick to declare themselves as having perfect knowledge of who the law applies to, and by implication as having perfect knowledge of which individuals fall into which category. Millennia of history show that when bellicose cowards are put in charge they always declare anyone who disagrees with them about anything a "foreign enemy terrorist" and do everything they can to put them outside the rule of law.

      This is happening again, now, in the United States.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
  13. Re:You are totally mistaken by kingramon0 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The Constitution does not distinguish between citizens and non-citizens when it affirms the natural rights of individuals. Therefore, by saying that non-citizens have different rights, you would be adding meaning that is not supported by the text of Constitution or the Declaration of Independence.

    The natural rights described by the Declaration and affirmed by the Bill of Rights were meant to apply to all individuals; they are inalienable rights given to us by our Creator, or natural rights we have by virtue of being human, whichever you prefer.

    That is a philosophical statement. The political reality of the time is that slavery existed, and the Constitution could not have been ratified without the participation of the southern colonies, so some compromises had to be made for the time being. However, the founders thought that slavery would eventually end, so one of the reasons they avoided using the word 'slave' in the Constitution is so that future generations would not be embarrassed by the fact that slavery once existed in America.

    As for women not voting: there doesn't seem to be any historical written evidence that they even wanted to. At the time, it was just accepted that the man of the house voted on behalf of the whole family. It wasn't until much later that women began to feel that they were being wronged by not being allowed to vote.

  14. The Constitution is a Treaty. by tjstork · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The reason that the Constitution is so short, and so vague, is that it is a Treaty among the states that could not agree on anything. Prior to the failure of the Articles of Confederation, the states, having just rebelled against a Federal Power in Great Britain, did not want any power over them at all. They only adopted the Constitution because the founders recognized that there existed a need for a small, but powerful, Federal Government, to provide for some basic, common things, like military and regulation of commerce among the states.

    Anything else, not in the Constitution, is explicitly left to the states, and that says, essentially, that if it is not in the Constitution, then the Federal Government is NOT allowed to do it.

    So yeah, you could make a pretty strong case that, in the strict sense, Bush's wiretapping is illegal as it is not an enumerated power. However, this country, perhaps wrongly, largely believes that the Constitution is a "living document", not the treaty that it is. While this view is propagated by the American left wing - Obama even spells this out in his book, it is also true that the right wing, particularly under President Bush, has also taken the "living document" approach. Thus, the Federal Government now has the power to regulate the environment, local schools, hiring practices, voting within the states (and THAT is blatantly unconstitutional), and any other number of things.

    So, it's not just that Bush is unconstitutional. It's that, every President since even Jefferson and arguably even George Washington has been unconstitutional! Jefferson, you will recall, argued rather violently against a strong federal government, but then had no problem with actually going out and purchasing the Louisiana territories from the French, lying to Congress, fighting an undeclared war against the French and Barbary Pirates, all the while writing about Freedom in an enormous set of letters to Madison and everyone else, bitching about slavery while knocking his own slaves up.

    So yeah, you -could- make the case, that all the Presidents are unconstitutional, and the whole damn thing was a failure, except that, there were those who actually saw the Constitution as the creation of a President as essentially a king for a democratically restricted length of time, his power for war and taxation removed from him, but pretty much able to do whatever he wanted, and within that history then, you would really have to square Dick Cheney's view of the Presidency as Hamiltonian, more than anything else.

    --
    This is my sig.