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NY Court Says Police Can't Track Suspect With GPS

SoundGuyNoise sends in a story that brings into relief just how unsettled is the question of whether police can use GPS to track suspects without a warrant. Just a couple of days ago a Wisconsin appeals court ruled that such tracking is OK; and today an appeals court in New York reached the opposite conclusion. "It was wrong for a police investigator to slap a GPS tracking device under a defendant's van to track his movements, the state's top court ruled today. A sharply divided NY Court of Appeals, in a 4-3 decision, reversed the burglary conviction of defendant Scott Weaver, 41, of Watervliet. Four years ago, State Police tracked Weaver over 65 days in connection with the burglary investigation."

414 comments

  1. Re:track my cock by StikyPad · · Score: 2

    It sort of defeats the point of tracking if you tell us where it's going to be ahead of time.

  2. Headline is inaccurate by ergo98 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The judgment was that they couldn't track a person without a warrant. I presume that if they had convinced a judge of probable cause before they lojacked the suspect, they would have been in the clear.

    1. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Teese · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Which is weird, because in the Wisconsin case, the officers had a warrant. The judges there said it wasn't needed!

      --
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      *Not an actual Genius
    2. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      This is why we have a hierarchical court system.

    3. Re:Headline is inaccurate by maxume · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It isn't that strange, state laws are anything but uniform.

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    4. Re:Headline is inaccurate by alen · · Score: 3, Informative

      you need a warrant to track a person's private movements. I think in Wisconsin it was argued that that since the suspect visited public places then the warrant and the GPS tracking wasn't legal. but the police physically followed him as well and this is why it withstood appeal.

    5. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Azghoul · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Which is strange to me: They tracked one guy for 65 days but didn't think they had probable cause enough to get a warrant to do so?

    6. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1
      you need a warrant to track a person's private movements.

      IANAL, but I don't think that's right. If it were, no PI could tail a husband suspected of cheating on his wife because a PI couldn't get a warrant. If the cops want to tail you, they can, without asking a judge. It's not unreasonable to argue that a GPS device is equivalent, although a judge might not accept your claim.

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    7. Re:Headline is inaccurate by cayenne8 · · Score: 5, Insightful
      "It isn't that strange, state laws are anything but uniform."

      Nothing strange about it at all!! That's the way things are (supposed) to be set up. Rather than an all knowing all powerful federal govt. telling you what to do...the most power to make laws should be at the state and then local level. This is done in that state and local are more apt to serve their populations needs and wishes better. People living in NYC, and Tucson, AZ have vastly different needs and wishes due to climate, land mass, and culture of the people. You are a citizen of your state first, and then a citizen of the United States...

      It is great that way, in that if you don't like the laws and regulations where you live, you are free to move to a state that is more in line with your way of thinking. Wanna have medicinal pot easily? Move to CA. Things like that.

      Hehehe...if you think these laws are wide in variance....just look at liquor laws not only from state to state, but, from county to county (or parish to parish in LA)....those are the most fscked up things I've ever seen when traveling.

      But, what you observed isn't a bad thing or strange thing. The US was set up that way!!!

      --
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    8. Re:Headline is inaccurate by davester666 · · Score: 5, Informative

      Well, who knows how many people they slapped these GPS trackers on. This article just refers to the one guy charged. It wouldn't surprise me if they slapped them on the vehicles of a bunch of "known offenders", and then charged the one whose vehicle movements roughly lined up with some crimes.

      It's the same as if the police searched all their homes without a warrant, and just arrested the guy where they found the stuff. The police wouldn't tell the judge they did mass searches, just that they did this one search without a warrant.

      Except the 50 other people may not know their vehicles had/has a GPS attached to it (whereas they probably would know if the police searched their house).

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    9. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techiemikey · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "We know the guy did it...we just don't have the evidence to prove it yet" rarely gives you a warrant.

    10. Re:Headline is inaccurate by jonnythan · · Score: 1

      The state has additional restrictions on evidence gathering that private citizens do not have.

    11. Re:Headline is inaccurate by cayenne8 · · Score: 2, Informative
      "IANAL, but I don't think that's right. If it were, no PI could tail a husband suspected of cheating on his wife because a PI couldn't get a warrant."

      Ah...but, a PI is NOT a police officer, he does not have the same rights/responsibilities....nor the power to arrest or charge you with a crime.

      He (although often licensed somewhat) is a private citizen, so it is different. I supposed if you discovered one of these people following you all over, you might could have THEM charged with stalking.

      Remember, most of these 'rights' have to do with what the state can/cannot do to you....not private individuals or entities.

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    12. Re:Headline is inaccurate by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

      A PI isn't a representative of the State. A police officer *is*.

    13. Re:Headline is inaccurate by dkleinsc · · Score: 1

      Wanna have medicinal pot easily? Move to CA. Things like that.

      Unless the DEA decides to go after you. This is why not everything should be a federal offense.

      --
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    14. Re:Headline is inaccurate by QuantumRiff · · Score: 1

      I noticed that right away. The judges said the same thing, the cases were oppositte. In wisconsin, they had a warrant, and someone sued that it violated their rights. Courts ruled FOR the police. In NY, they did not have the warrants, someone sued, Judge ruled AGAINST the police.

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    15. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1

      If a private detective could legally do things that a police officer would need a warrant for, the cops would just hire PIs to do their dirty work instead of getting warrants.

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    16. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1

      As I wrote in answer to a similar comment, if a PI could do things like search your home without a warrant and have what he found admissible, cops would just hire PIs to do their searches and not bother with warrants. They don't, because it won't work.

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    17. Re:Headline is inaccurate by cayenne8 · · Score: 4, Interesting
      "Unless the DEA decides to go after you. This is why not everything should be a federal offense."

      Well, hopefully with the recent trend of more states trying to assert more of states rights...maybe these will be repealed.

      I heard something on the news this morning, of something going on in Montana with their gun laws that are challenging the Fed. interestate commerce powers. Since this is tied to guns, it just may fasttrack itself to the SCOTUS. I for one sure would love to see much of the Fed's power struck down and more narrowly define the interstate commerce powers the Federal govt. has used to strong arm the states over a lot of things.

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    18. Re:Headline is inaccurate by gravesb · · Score: 1

      No, someone working for the cops is an agent of the cops, and gets some additional responsibilities. Informants are a little different, but informants are dealt with under the whole reasonable expectation of privacy part of the 4th Amendment.

      --
      http://bgcommonsense.blogspot.com
    19. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      those are the most fscked up things I've ever seen when traveling.

      This is why there are both pros and cons to heterogeneity in law. Coming from a Canadian perspective, I'm glad that criminal law is federal. I can travel from province to province without the already complex labyrinth of criminal law shifting beneath my feet. (It still shifts a bit because of differences in provincial case law, but less than an entirely different statutory framework.)

    20. Re:Headline is inaccurate by newcastlejon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      This goes beyond local or state legislation; if your government hasn't codified or set precedent for the right of it's citizens to travel without being tracked invisibly then it's a cause for concern for all of you.

      --
      If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    21. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, they wouldn't, because under the law, a PI employed by the police = a cop.

    22. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1
      No, someone working for the cops is an agent of the cops, and gets some additional responsibilities.

      My point, exactly. However, I'd go further: if I, as a private citizen, hire a PI to search somebody's home, the evidence is still inadmissible, because without a warrant, the search constitutes Breaking and Entering, and removing evidence is Burglary. The only way you can avoid that is to have a warrant, and a PI can't get one AFAIK.

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    23. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If a private detective could legally do things that a police officer would need a warrant for, the cops would just hire PIs to do their dirty work instead of getting warrants.

      What, you don't think that happens today?

    24. Re:Headline is inaccurate by gb506 · · Score: 1

      And someone responded to you, correctly, saying that the PI would then be an agent of the state, and would be bound by the same rules and regs as the cops are.

    25. Re:Headline is inaccurate by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      It's not unreasonable to argue that a GPS device is equivalent,

      It might not be "unreasonable" to argue that, but it is an arguement I would laugh at. One tracking is sitting in a public place watching someone else in a public place. The other is violating private property to implant electronic surveilance to record all actions whether public or private. If you think the second is "equivelent" then you'd also be for implanting long-range RFIDs into everyone for convenient tracking.

    26. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Thansal · · Score: 1

      And as some one else pointed out to your comment:

      People that the police hire to do things like this are considered to be working for the police, and thus must follow the same rules. Thus why a PI's research can be used as admissible evidence in a court. Heck, evidence gained illegally by a private individual is admissible. If I was to break into your house (let us say I wanted to steal from you) and find evidence of illegal activity on your half (Drugs, guns, kiddie porn, bombs whatever), I can steal this evidence (or document it) and present it to the police who can then use it against you.

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    27. Re:Headline is inaccurate by gravesb · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      No, that's not true. If someone gets evidence, and then submits it to the police--or the police discover it while investigating the PI--it's probably coming in. I am not aware of evidence being excluded as a remedy for a private civil violation. Maybe some states have laws that work in that way, but it isn't the way the federal system works. If your buddy steals your drugs and turns them over to the cops without pre-arrangement with the cops, the drugs are probably coming in. In fact, I think there is case law out there in the context of hacking-someone can hack your computer and then turn the evidence over to the police. Yes, you can sue the hacker for the crime, but the evidence he found is likely coming in to convict you.

      --
      http://bgcommonsense.blogspot.com
    28. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So are they trying to say that they never activated the GPS unit while the person in Wisconsin was in his garage or while on any private property at all? I find that hard to believe, thats flat out criminal.

    29. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1
      ...to record all actions whether public or private.

      I don't see how, when all the GPS can do is record the movements of the vehicle. It's actually less intrusive than a physical tail because it can't follow you out of the parking lot, down the street and into whatever building you enter.

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    30. Re:Headline is inaccurate by moderatorrater · · Score: 1

      They tracked one guy for 65 days but didn't think they had probable cause enough to get a warrant to do so?

      Considering how often police will use power without the actual need to do so and how often prosecutors will trump up charges above what the defendant actually did, I'm not surprised by this at all. Police don't see the laws which limit their behavior (including the constitution) so much as rights that they should uphold for the citizens, but roadblocks to doing their job. I would guess that there was some doubt about whether they could get the warrant, but the officers figured that he probably did, so they put the tracker on without a warrant instead of having a judge deny their warrant and then getting in trouble for putting it on anyway. After all, it's better to ask forgiveness than permission, right? This is only one of the most basic rights we possess.

      What's really scary is to actually look at Law & Order and other cop shows as if they were real police. If the police perform an illegal search, etc, they're almost always presented as noble heroes for doing so, and if any of their superiors get angry at them it's not because what they did was wrong, but because it broke the rules and the suspect could get off because of it.

    31. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

      Where does it say that the government has the right to track your movements without a warrant to that effect?

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
    32. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1
      a private civil violation

      I didn't know that Breaking and Entering was a civil violation; I'd always thought it was a felony.

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    33. Re:Headline is inaccurate by gravesb · · Score: 1

      There is no assurance they will be charged with a felony, especially if they give the police evidence on you. You can sue for the civil equivalent without the DA's say so. Thus, it is more important to look at what would happen in the face of a civil charge.

      --
      http://bgcommonsense.blogspot.com
    34. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Teufelsmuhle · · Score: 1

      Correct.

      What it all boils down to is what is admissible as evidence in criminal court.

      Remember, the rules for what is admissible in civil court are much more lenient, and the burden of proof is also much lower. Hence, the findings of a PI (private, not public, investigator) may be allowed there. Arguably, these differences are not fair and just, as civil penalties have the potential to disrupt one's life to an even greater extent than a short prison sentence might, but that is an entirely different topic of discussion.

    35. Re:Headline is inaccurate by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      It's actually less intrusive than a physical tail because it can't follow you out of the parking lot, down the street and into whatever building you enter.

      And I see it as more intrusive because they have to violate your personal property to install it, and a physical tail would supposedly not touch you or your property and you'd never even know they are there.

    36. Re:Headline is inaccurate by jafiwam · · Score: 1

      ...unless the evidence gathering happens to be done by a citizen about what the state is doing.

      Just go point a video camera at a police officer and see what happens.

      Please do not do this if you do not have medical insurance.

    37. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If the cops want to tail you, they can, without asking a judge.

      The parent is correct, the cops can follow you without a warrant, and so can anybody else.

      I supposed if you discovered one of these people following you all over, you might could have THEM charged with stalking.

      Not necessarily, and especially not if they are a registered PI. For example, how do you think the Paparazzi are able to take so many photos of celebs? They follow them around all the time.

      As long as they are passively following you, you don't have much, if any, recourse. Depending on what they do you might be able to file a civil suit for harassment.

      Remember, most of these 'rights' have to do with what the state can/cannot do to you....not private individuals or entities.

      You have a right against unreasonable search & seizure, which also entails a warrant in most situations (but not all). You do NOT have a right to wander around in public without being followed.

      The parent also said:

      It's not unreasonable to argue that a GPS device is equivalent, although a judge might not accept your claim.

      A GPS is NOT equal to following somebody around, unless you can find a way to make the GPS follow the person without attaching it to the car. The issue is that the cops are not supposed to be able to start tampering with your property for any reason without a warrant, and attaching a GPS device would be tampering at the least, and depending on what they did to mount it could be construed as vandalism as well. It might even void a factory warranty as an "after-market" accessory, so the police might be liable for damages to boot.

      a PI is NOT a police officer, he does not have the same rights/responsibilities....nor the power to arrest or charge you with a crime.

      The PI can issue a "citizen's arrest" which has to be validated by an actual officer. The cops themselves cannot charge you with a crime directly, that is not their job but the job of the DA, etc.

    38. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oops, misclicked when trying to mod you up

    39. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't remember the specifics because I don't pay too much attention to what the wind is doing up in Helena.

      But basically what they are proposing is to essentially make most firearms completely legal in Montana. The trick is that they have to be manufactured, purchased, and sold all WITHIN the state in order to qualify. This allows the interstate commerce clause to no longer affect us, since they are state-only.

      Any type of export out of state of those guns would be fully subject to the federal laws, as would guns imported into the state, and also if the transaction occurred out of state.

      So if it holds up, as long as you make, sell, and buy a gun entirely within Montana, the federal rules won't apply at all.
      If this holds up, then it might end up applying to the pot laws too. (and just FYI, we do have medical pot legalized in Montana).

      -Montana resident.

    40. Re:Headline is inaccurate by dank+zappingly · · Score: 2, Interesting

      HA! Good luck getting the Supreme Court to overturn Wickard v. Filburn(1942). In that case the Supreme Court held it could regulate what a guy did with wheat he grew on his own land to consume on his own land because it affected interstate commerce(maybe indirectly affecting the price of wheat for example). Maybe they could work in a second amendment angle, but I don't think it is going to fly. Would love to hear someone else's opinion.

    41. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or Colorado (for the medicinal marijuana)!

    42. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 3, Insightful

      HA! Good luck getting the Supreme Court to overturn Wickard v. Filburn(1942)

      Overturning Wickard v. Filburn is a major piece of what this new constitutionalist movement is about.

      That decision (on a Great Depression era central-economic-planning law, during the runup to WW II) is what turned the commerce clause into a blank check for the Fed to regulate anything they damned well pleased - and has since been used for such things as justifying federal regulation of marijuana growing for personal consumption (because it would affect the traffic in out-of-state marijuana supplies!).

      Do any of you really think that the people who wrote the Constitution would have considered banning growing of wheat to feed your own pigs to be a proper federal "regulation of interstate commerce in wheat"?

      --
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    43. Re:Headline is inaccurate by dank+zappingly · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I don't disagree with anything you said. However, if I was trying to overturn an established Supreme Court precedent, I'd try to find a more sympathetic plaintiff than Montanan gun owners. I just don't see any Supreme Court ruling a huge amount of federal law unconstitutional so people in Montana can have more guns. As I said before, if there is some sort of 2nd Amendment reasoning that would make this cause of action more likely to prevail, I'd love to hear it.

    44. Re:Headline is inaccurate by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      It says it in court decisions interpreting the constitution. Like the Wisconsin decision cited above for example.

    45. Re:Headline is inaccurate by billcopc · · Score: 1

      Riiiiiiiight... except in a balanced, rational world, the laws would be so simple and equitable that one set of laws could apply to the entire nation, without offending one or the other.

      It's not like localized authority is ever used to balance things out, they just use it to favor the city, police, uptowners, and/or relatives thereof. They create loopholes to benefit the few, at the expense of the many.

      --
      -Billco, Fnarg.com
    46. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

      So now we have two courts that disagree on this; the point here is that the test is not whether the right is spelled out, but whether the gub has the power to do this thing and when.

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
    47. Re:Headline is inaccurate by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      The police may do this in Wisconsin without a warrant. In New York they need a warrant. I don't understand the rest of what you wrote.

    48. Re:Headline is inaccurate by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      you need a warrant to track a person's private movements.

      IANAL, but I don't think that's right. If it were, no PI could tail a husband suspected of cheating on his wife because a PI couldn't get a warrant.

      I believe the context of the original poster you are quoting was, when he said "you" was referring to the police. Also, you're incorrect on this point and are making an apples and oranges comparison. A private investigator is a non-government individual who acts on the request of a private party. The PI is not a state actor, thus they do not need a warrant. Further, check out the comments in the U.S. Supreme Court case of Taylor v. Taintor which stated that if you're out on bail, the bondsman owns you, basically has you on a string and can reel you back any time they want, including breaking into your home on the sabbath to retrieve you, and require no paperwork other than the bond to do so; they do not have to have a warrant.

      --
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    49. Re:Headline is inaccurate by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      "IANAL, but I don't think that's right. If it were, no PI could tail a husband suspected of cheating on his wife because a PI couldn't get a warrant."

      Ah...but, a PI is NOT a police officer, he does not have the same rights/responsibilities....nor the power to arrest or charge you with a crime.

      Incorrect. In every state, any person - including you or me - may arrest anyone for a misdemeanor or felony committed in their presence. It's called a citizen's arrest, and in fact, in some places if it's a misdemeanor and the citizen saw it but the police officer was not there, the citizen actually is required to make the arrest because the offender must be arrested by the person who saw the offense.

      --
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    50. Re:Headline is inaccurate by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      No, someone working for the cops is an agent of the cops, and gets some additional responsibilities.

      My point, exactly. However, I'd go further: if I, as a private citizen, hire a PI to search somebody's home,

      Stop right there. No legitimately licensed PI is seriously going to search someone's home for you unless they have reason to believe that you have the authority to permit them to do so. You'd have to have the keys and unlock the place, thus at worst it would be trespassing rather than B&E. And most likely YOU would be the one going to jail because he acted in good faith based on you having keys to the place. Hiring a PI to do a "Watergate" is going to be extremely expensive because he risks getting caught by the target who might beat him up, losing his license, maybe going to jail and perhaps even a felony conviction.

      the evidence is still inadmissible, because without a warrant, the search constitutes Breaking and Entering, and removing evidence is Burglary.

      Obviously. But a legitimate PI wouldn't have even conducted the search in the first place because you don't have any right or authority to permit him to do so.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
    51. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Tuoqui · · Score: 1

      Which is weird, because in the Wisconsin case, the officers had a warrant. The judges there said it wasn't needed!

      So just drive from Wisconsin to New York then they'll need to get a warrant.

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    52. Re:Headline is inaccurate by techno-vampire · · Score: 1
      But a legitimate PI wouldn't have even conducted the search in the first place because you don't have any right or authority to permit him to do so.

      I agree completely, for exactly the reasons you stated, and that was my point: the posters claiming that a PI doesn't have to have a warrant for some things that a cop does are wrong.

      --
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    53. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      ... if there is some sort of 2nd Amendment reasoning that would make this cause of action more likely to prevail, I'd love to hear it.

      There is.

      The supreme court just explicitly recognized that the RKBA is both an individual right and a check on an overreaching federal government.

      This is a case of the federal government using the convoluted logic of Wickard v. Filburn ("it might affect the price of other guns that are interstate commerce") to stretch the commerce clause into authorizing a suppression of a civil right that is an explicit check on the fed.

      So the argument is much stronger in this case than in others (like medical marijuana or hotdog content standards). The supremes are more likely to reopen Wickard v. Filburn in this case because the conflict with an enumerated right is clear, despite the unpopularity of the RKBA among some of the justices.

      Once it's reopened it's a whole new ballgame.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    54. Re:Headline is inaccurate by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      Riiiiiiiight... except in a balanced, rational world, the laws would be so simple and equitable that one set of laws could apply to the entire nation, without offending one or the other.

      In terms of basic criminal law, mostly so. But in terms of regulatory law, it's trickier. New York City shouldn't have the same sort of building codes as a town in the middle of rural Wyoming. Baltimore (on the Chesapeake Bay) should not have the same sort of water and sewage regulations as Las Vegas (in the middle of the desert).

      --
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  3. defense approach difference? by d3ac0n · · Score: 0, Troll

    What is not noted in TFM is what the defense approach was. On what grounds did they protest the use of GPS tracking? Add to that the potential variances in state law and it's not shocking that we might get an opposite conclusion.

    Of course, IANAL, so I could we way off here. Is NY Country Lawyer around to answer this one?

    --
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    1. Re:defense approach difference? by The+Moof · · Score: 4, Funny

      He usually sticks around articles about things ending in 'AA' (RIAA, MPAA, etc).

      Perhaps if we change the title to "NY Court Says Police Can't Track Suspect with GPSAA" he'll swing by.

    2. Re:defense approach difference? by hedwards · · Score: 1

      Probably because NYCL is into civil law, not criminal law.

    3. Re:defense approach difference? by nabsltd · · Score: 2, Funny

      Probably because NYCL is into civil law, not criminal law.

      Civil law, business ethics, military intelligence, etc.

      Based on NYCL's writings, there is nothing "civil" about how the **AA lawyers treat their victims.

    4. Re:defense approach difference? by Ihmhi · · Score: 1

      They should edit the title of the article, then.

      NY Court Says Police Can't Track Suspect With GPSAA

    5. Re:defense approach difference? by cayenne8 · · Score: 1
      "Civil law, business ethics, military intelligence..."

      Jumbo Shrimp, rap music....etc

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    6. Re:defense approach difference? by gravesb · · Score: 1

      Neither article says, but based on the language quoted, it was probably the Fourth Amendment. If so, there is no reason for a variance among the various courts. If New York, through their state constitution or by statute, has extended the protections provided by the Fourth, then it is hard to compare the cases. However, based on Supreme Court precedent, Wisconsin seems to have the better take on Federal Law. The police can put a beeper on a car, as long as they don't acquire any information they would have had if they tailed you the entire time. A GPS doesn't seem that much different. Of course, there may be additional facts not present in the excerpts that would change that analysis.

      --
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    7. Re:defense approach difference? by dotgain · · Score: 1

      I think it would be unwise for him to give commentary willy-nilly on every law story on /. I wish people would stop suggesting he might pop into a thread and deliver the bottom line for us all - his contributions here are very valuable, but I'm sure he enjoys being the "slashdot lawyer" every but as much as we enjoy being the family computer guy.

  4. Stolen device has GPS? by ewanm89 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I want to know whether it would be wrong if they steal my phone which has GPS tracking set up to be available to me?

    1. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by C0vardeAn0nim0 · · Score: 5, Informative

      if someone steals your phone, it's still yours. even if it's out of your reach, you still have authority over it, so the police would be legally allowed to track it if you consent to it. any lawyer or paralegal here to correct me if i'm wrong ?

      I remember some years ago a story about a stolen mac that had a remote management software that phoned home everytime the notebook connected to the internet. as soon as the thieve dialed up (it was still on the dial-up age), the owner logged in to his mac and used the iSight camera to snap a picture of the individual. this was not considered an invasion because the mac was his to begin with. IIRC, the police used the picture to identify and arrest the thieve. the mac was located and returned.

      --
      What ? Me, worry ?
    2. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by soniCron88 · · Score: 1

      Yes, it's called LoJack.

    3. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by soniCron88 · · Score: 1

      Rather, I mean NO, it's NOT wrong, and it's already being done with services like LoJack.

    4. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's awesome! PLEASE post a link to this?!

    5. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by BlackSnake112 · · Score: 1

      And people wonder why I put tape/post it notes over those built in cameras in laptops before I turn them on.

      I usually tell people I do not want anyone to go blind if they see a picture of me.

    6. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by C0vardeAn0nim0 · · Score: 4, Informative

      here it is from engadget:

      "Here's a little story for you: An Apple Store employee had a party in her apartment. A couple weeks later her place was cleared out to the tune of about $5,000 worth of electronics, including her new Mac. Days later, a friend sees that she's online and alerts the Mac's rightful owner. Since she was running Leopard with Back to My Mac, owner-girl logged in remotely and activated Photo Booth via the screen-share function. And what do you know, it turned out that the thieves were some "friends" who were at the party a few weeks back. She took the photos to the cops and -- voila -- busted! The thieves, Edmon Shahikian, 23, and Ian Frias, 20, both of the Bronx, have been charged with second-degree burglary and fourth-degree criminal possession of stolen property. Go go crafty nerdy girl!"

      it was not dial-up era though... seems the little hard drive in my brain has some bad sectors already...

      --
      What ? Me, worry ?
    7. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by rgviza · · Score: 1

      I call it LoLJack

      --
      Don't kid yourself. It's the size of the regexp AND how you use it that counts.
    8. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by commodoresloat · · Score: 1

      And people wonder why I put tape/post it notes over those built in cameras in laptops before I turn them on.

      Better idea -- don't steal laptops.

    9. Re:Stolen device has GPS? by chiguy · · Score: 1

      The search and seizure rule applies to government entities only (requiring a warrant), not private citizens.

      For private citizens, you're probably protected more by trespassing, burglary, and theft laws.

      In the stolen Mac notebook case, search and seizure is irrelevant because the police didn't perform the remote snapshot.

      --
      passetspike!
  5. What's the matter with these cops? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Can't they just ask for a warrant, and not have to worry whether the case is going to be thrown out?

    If it's worth the trouble to track the guy for 65 days, surely it's worth the trouble to get a warrant.

    1. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by sjames · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You mean the police should actually demonstrate integrity by making sure they obey the law they're sworn to uphold!

    2. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Captain+Splendid · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Fuck integrity, how about just following the SOP? It's not like we don't have centuries of accumulated knowledge on how to do police work.

      --
      Linux, you magnificent bastard, I read the fucking manual!
    3. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by SwashbucklingCowboy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Can't they just ask for a warrant, and not have to worry whether the case is going to be thrown out?

      They could have tried to get a warrant. They probably didn't because they didn't have enough evidence to get a warrant and they decided to play a hunch.

    4. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Thinboy00 · · Score: 1

      For those who(m?) were never in the army (including myself), SOP==standard operating procedure. I know this from English class.

      --
      $ make available
    5. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by phrenq · · Score: 3, Funny

      For those who(m?)...
      ...I know this from English class.

      Maybe you should have paid more attention to the basics ;)

    6. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Fuck integrity, how about just following the SOP? It's not like we don't have centuries of accumulated knowledge on how to do police work.

      Well shit, next you'll be telling me that centuries of evidence have shown that aggressive inquisition- er, interrogation techniques are useless for intelligence gathering.

    7. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by dmmiller2k · · Score: 1

      OR,

      Perhaps, they had an opportunity and took it (to plant the tracking device) then realized that waiting until after the fact to ask for a warrant would hurt their chances of getting one.

      --

      "No matter how cynical you get, it is impossible to keep up." -- Lily Tomlin

    8. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not everything in life is free, son. That includes warrants.

      Impossible, right?

    9. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Krneki · · Score: 1

      But Starsky and Hutch never needed a warrant to solve a case.

      --
      Love many, trust a few, do harm to none.
    10. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by dontmakemethink · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Exactly. It surely crossed their minds, but asking for a warrant made it possible for a judge to prevent them from tracking the suspect. By not doing so the police are in effect admitting it was not a legal procedure.

      --

      War as we knew it was obsolete
      Nothing could beat complete denial
      - Emily Haines
    11. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In other words, it's easier to beg for forgiveness than ask for permission.

    12. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Nukenbar · · Score: 1

      No. The more likely answer is that these cops were lazy. Getting warrants are a pain in the ass, for the Judge, the ADAs, and the cops. If cops think that have a reason for a search without a warrant, they will not get a warrant unless it is REALLY important. Otherwise, they will just let the ADAs and the court figure it out later. Besides, it is not like this was a settled issue with the courts, even with this ruling.

    13. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The short answer is, "If you ask, they might say 'No.'"

    14. Re:What's the matter with these cops? by dontmakemethink · · Score: 1

      I fail to make a connection between a massive and completely predictable legal clusterfuck and lazy. No, they thought they'd get away with it. How else could it crawl up the legal ladder without their superiors throwing in the towel.

      --

      War as we knew it was obsolete
      Nothing could beat complete denial
      - Emily Haines
  6. A simple loophole by Drakkenmensch · · Score: 1

    Since there is apparently no legal issue with car companies issuing GPS-enabled remote engine locks, the police should simply start renting cars to their suspects. Problem solved!

    1. Re:A simple loophole by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

      the police should simply start renting cars to their suspects. Problem solved!

      Woops, now you have that whole 'agent of the police' thing. Sorry, try again.

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
    2. Re:A simple loophole by mccrew · · Score: 1

      no legal issue with car companies issuing GPS-enabled remote engine locks

      Even though you are likely going for a +1 Funny mod, I'll take a swing anyway.

      The obvious difference here would be that the customer would have signed a contract that would specifically allow the auto dealer to remote-disable the car in the event of non payment. Just plain old contractual law between two private parties, no constitutional issues here.

      --
      Hey, Windows users, there is no such thing as "forward" slash, there is only slash and backslash.
  7. In A Few Years, by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    all new vehicles will have GPSs installed as safety requirements and all old vehicles will be retro-fitted.

    1. Re:In A Few Years, by Ethanol-fueled · · Score: 1

      And all will be fitted with Onstar-like systems with two-way microphones. For the safety and convenience of motorists, of course.

    2. Re:In A Few Years, by Shakrai · · Score: 1

      For the safety and convenience of motorists, of course.

      Don't forget the children. You gotta think of them.

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    3. Re:In A Few Years, by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Doing that too much/out loud will put you in jail.

    4. Re:In A Few Years, by CompMD · · Score: 1

      And my Garmin stock will go through the roof again. :)

    5. Re:In A Few Years, by khellendros1984 · · Score: 1

      I think my car would also quickly become fitted with a faraday cage....by "accident" of course.

      --
      It is pitch black. You are likely to be eaten by a grue.
  8. Re:track my cock by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 3, Funny

    And it ruins the surprise!

  9. applies to stakeouts too? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Devoting much of his 20-page ruling to how new technology delves into a person's life, Lippman said: "What the technology yields and records with breathtaking quality and quantity, is a highly detailed profile, not simply of where we go, but by easy inference, of our associations â" political, religious, amicable and amorous, to name only a few â" and of the pattern of our professional and avocational pursuits."

    That same line of reasoning would apply not only to a GPS bug on your car, but also to someone following you around with a notepad.

    1. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by DrLang21 · · Score: 1

      This is where technology starts to create a gray area for ethics. Would it be okay for your neighbor to slap a GPS on your car to track you without your knowledge? Spying on individuals for the sake of law enforcement investigation is already pushing close to the boundary of ethically acceptable practice in my opinion. And anyone could legally do it. If slapping a GPS on your car without a warrant is acceptable for law enforcement, then it would also have to be acceptable for your neighbor.

      --
      I see the glass as full with a FoS of 2.
    2. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by twidarkling · · Score: 1

      If slapping a GPS on your car without a warrant is acceptable for law enforcement, then it would also have to be acceptable for your neighbor.

      No, as law enforcement is often granted powers beyond that of "the common citizen," so that's all they'd argue. "Regular people can't do it, since they're not agents of the State."

      You and I know it's still a crap argument, but that's what they'd say.

      --
      Canada: The US's more awesome sibling.
    3. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

      It's exactly the opposite a lot of the time. Often, private citizens can do something for which a cop would require a warrant.

    4. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by DrLang21 · · Score: 1

      They can't say it and have it hold up without a law providing that authority. To the best of my knowledge, the only law that could be used here is the PATRIOT Act if the guy was a suspected terrorist.

      --
      I see the glass as full with a FoS of 2.
    5. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 1

      It's exactly the opposite a lot of the time. Often, private citizens can do something for which a cop would require a warrant.

      This may be true in some cases, but make sure you don't get it mixed up with another thing that isn't quite the same:

      1. If a cop performs an unwarranted search and finds evidence of a crime, that evidence must be thrown out in court.
      2. If a private citizen performs an illegal search and finds evidence of a crime, that evidence is admissible in court.

      The second one isn't really a case of private citizens being allowed to do things that the cops aren't; a private citizen isn't allowed to break into your house and search your stuff, period. However, to the extent that the break-in and search wasn't prompted by the authorities, any information they uncover about you may be used as evidence against you. (There are some gray areas having to do with the cops prompting a private citizen to search or surveil a suspect.)

    6. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by fast+turtle · · Score: 1

      The actual issue here revolves around "Eye Witness". Sure a GPS tracker can track a vehicle but can you prove that I was the individual driving it at the time said crime was committed? If you can not, then all you have is a profile, which is inadmissible in court due to it being heresy.

      --
      Mod me up/Mod me down: I wont frown as I've no crown
    7. Re:applies to stakeouts too? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      That same line of reasoning would apply not only to a GPS bug on your car, but also to someone following you around with a notepad.

      But it's much CHEAPER to put a GPS box on the car than to put three shifts of police (at a minimum of two cars per shift) to following a suspect around.

      While the principle may be the same, a lot of abuses were not brought up as issues in the past because they were rare due to the cost.

      Also: With the higher cost, the administration would tend to reserve the procedure for targets where there was more signs that the surveillance would be productive - and that would usually translate to enough evidence to get a warrant. With the price drop it becomes economically feasible to "cast a broad net" - and departments that might never, or very rarely, have committed such abuses would commit them on a wholesale basis unless restrained.

      So lowering the cost of tyranny can lead, not just to a quantitative, but to a qualitative change in the need for judicial intervention.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  10. Legal Basis? by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I'd like to see the full text of the opinion. The small extracts I've seen so far basically amount to "I don't like giving the police such power", which, if it were the only legal basis of the opinion, would be the worst kind of legislating-from-the-bench, and not likely to survive an appeal. Surely in 20 pages of opinion, there was an actual legal basis given for their decision. One can hope?

    1. Re:Legal Basis? by SwashbucklingCowboy · · Score: 1

      I'd like to see the full text of the opinion.

      Amen. There's not enough in the summary to understand WHY the court ruled the way it did.

    2. Re:Legal Basis? by plague3106 · · Score: 1

      Ya, because it's a good idea to blindly give police more power without oversight.

    3. Re:Legal Basis? by Thinboy00 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Probably something about search and seizure, and the ninth and tenth amendments (the anti-elastic clauses).

      --
      $ make available
    4. Re:Legal Basis? by DrLang21 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It's not a good idea. But it's also out of the Judiciary's hands. They are to rule based on law established by the Legislature and approved by the Executive.

      --
      I see the glass as full with a FoS of 2.
    5. Re:Legal Basis? by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 2, Informative

      They are to rule based on law established by the Legislature and approved by the Executive.

      They did. It's this new thing called "The US Constitution".

    6. Re:Legal Basis? by Thinboy00 · · Score: 1

      Besides, it's criminal; was it a mistrial or an acquittal?

      --
      $ make available
    7. Re:Legal Basis? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "What the technology yields and records with breathtaking quality and quantity, is a highly detailed profile, not simply of where we go, but by easy inference, of our associations -- political, religious, amicable and amorous, to name only a few -- and of the pattern of our professional and avocational pursuits."

      Freedom of association is a right found in both the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and in the New York State Constitution. Police surveillance of those associations chills that right. At the federal level, there is no debate as to whether chill of First Amendment rights is properly within the cognizance of the judiciary. There's no reason to think it's different at the state level for analogous state rights.

      Survive appeal? The Court of Appeals is New York's highest court. It has plenary power to articulate the law of the state. There is no court, anywhere in the world, that has the power to overrule this decision.

    8. Re:Legal Basis? by camperdave · · Score: 1

      The constitution does not say anything about attaching GPS devices to automobiles.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    9. Re:Legal Basis? by BlackSnake112 · · Score: 1

      Legislative branch makes the laws.

      Judiciary branch decides if the laws are legal or not.

      Executive branch enforces the laws.

      The president may sign a bill into law but the executive branch doe not approve the laws. Remember that the legislative branch can over-ride a veto (didn't sign the bill in to law).

    10. Re:Legal Basis? by blueg3 · · Score: 1

      That's why the clever people that write these things make general policies, with the specifics to be interpreted on a per-case basis, rather than trying their hands at the rather foolish enterprise of attempting to enumerate every possible situation.

    11. Re:Legal Basis? by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      Well, thanks for reminding me that the "Court of Appeals" is the top court in New York. This isn't the first time that the misnomer has tripped me up (why the heck don't they just call themselves the Supreme Court of New York, like normal states?)

      However, I haven't seen anything so far to indicate that the ruling was based on the state constitution. If they ruled based on an application of the federal constitution (presumably the Fourth Amendment), then I would think this could be appealed to the federal courts and overturned. Surely, there must be a way to redress a misapplication of federal jurisprudence by any state court, mustn't there?

    12. Re:Legal Basis? by twidarkling · · Score: 1

      "There is no court, anywhere in the world, that has the power to overrule this decision.

      US Supreme Court couldn't overrule? (Canadian, so I honestly don't know the full extent of the interactions.)

      --
      Canada: The US's more awesome sibling.
    13. Re:Legal Basis? by DrLang21 · · Score: 1

      The point is that the GP is saying that the summary does not give a legal basis for why the court came to their ruling. It does not indicate that their ruling was based on violations of the US Constitution, but rather that they just didn't like police having that much power. THAT is what is bad.

      --
      I see the glass as full with a FoS of 2.
    14. Re:Legal Basis? by DrLang21 · · Score: 1

      The Executive (Presidents, Governors, and Mayors) may disapprove of a proposed legislation by veto. Yes the Legislature may override a veto, but not without an extremely significant majority that almost never exists. For all intents and purposes, the Executive approves or disapproves laws, barring extenuating circumstance.

      --
      I see the glass as full with a FoS of 2.
    15. Re:Legal Basis? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "It does not indicate that their ruling was based on violations of the US Constitution, but rather that they just didn't like police having that much power."

      Yes it does. It quite clearly says that it infringes on the freedom of association.

    16. Re:Legal Basis? by DrLang21 · · Score: 1

      It only suggests this. It does not explicitly state a violation to a specific amendment or clause of the US Constitution or State Constitution.

      --
      I see the glass as full with a FoS of 2.
    17. Re:Legal Basis? by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      UPDATE: it was based on the state constitution.

      http://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/decisions/2009/may09/53opn09.pdf

      I wish someone had posted this link earlier

    18. Re:Legal Basis? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The U.S. Supreme Court could say that the federal right of association does not reach that far. However, New York's state constitution has a right of association as well. That state right is an adequate and independent basis for this ruling, so the Supreme Court could not strike it down (unless it found that federal law specifically prohibited that right, but there's currently no plausible argument to be made along those lines).

      This is analogous to the state gay marriage decisions. Even if the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment doesn't guarantee the right of gay people to marry, the state decisions on equal protection and due process grounds would remain good law.

    19. Re:Legal Basis? by Dewin · · Score: 2, Informative

      IANAL, so take this entire post with a grain of salt.

      but I believe that the US Supreme Court could only rule that a given law is or is not unconstitutional, according to the US Constitution. If they do rule something as unconsitutional, it effectively nullifies any convictions/etc that were a result of the that law IIRC.

      States are permitted to grant additional rights beyond those granted by the US Constitution, but cannot take anything away. In this particular case, since the suspect was protected by a provision in the State Constitution, and states are permitted to grant said freedoms, it's highly unlikely there's an angle that could be played to claim that that provision of the state constitution is unconstitutional according to the federal constitution.

      The flipside of this is that the legal precedent here only really applies in New York -- states that don't have a similar law might be able to get away with it (at which point another case could be filed and presumably make it all the way up to SCOTUS as a federal constitutional matter)

      Note that if the NY Court had said the Police COULD track the suspect with the GPS, the suspect would have the option of appealing to SCOTUS... and if the judge's ruling was based on the federal constitution (jurisdiction of SCOTUS) rather than the state one, the police could appeal to SCOTUS too.

      --
      Of course nobody reads the FAQ! If people read the FAQ, the Questions wouldn't be so Frequently Asked.
    20. Re:Legal Basis? by torstenvl · · Score: 1

      State courts tend not to rule on federal questions of first impression if they can help it. Nobody likes being overturned.

      "Under our State Constitution, in the absence of exigent circumstances, the installation and use of a GPS device to monitor an individual's whereabouts requires a warrant supported by probable cause."

      http://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/decisions/2009/may09/53opn09.pdf

      You may petition the U.S. Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari from the highest state court, so if there is a federal issue involved they may address it. But even so, certiorari is unlikely, and overruling even moreso, especially when there's an independent basis in state law.

    21. Re:Legal Basis? by QRDeNameland · · Score: 1

      With the usual IANAL disclaimer, while it may theoretically be possible for the SCOTUS to overrule a decision that is grounded in a *state* constitution, my guess is that the major improbability would be that there would be little grounds for them to even be in a position to consider hearing the case. Even should the prosecution appeal to Federal court (if that's possible), I can't imagine a situation where they would consider the constitutionality of a state court declaring that warrantless GPS tracking is *not* permissible. IOW, I don't think there's any conceivable basis in the US Constitution that would *require* a state to permit such a thing, and as such they would never agree to hear it.

      Again, I'm just guessing, so maybe someone with a better legal background could clarify the specifics. Perhaps it's possible that the NY State Supreme Court could hear a final appeal from the prosecution, but I don't know.

      --
      Momentarily, the need for the construction of new light will no longer exist.
    22. Re:Legal Basis? by Nukenbar · · Score: 1

      and in this case, the state Constitution, which can give more privacy rights than the U.S. Constitution.

    23. Re:Legal Basis? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The New York Court of Appeals is the "supreme court" of that state. There is no higher state court.

      Also, the prosecution can almost never appeal. Why? Because if the defendant won, they won. That's it. Otherwise you have double jeopardy problems.

    24. Re:Legal Basis? by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      I just read the full text of the opinion, and your summary is pretty apt. The worst case for them was US v. Knotts, where the Supreme Court held that a more primitive device could be used without a problem. They pretty much said yeah well this technology is much more powerful. It also didn't help them that they didn't have any reason on the record for putting a GPS device on his car, and probably put them on tons of cars. The dissent, I think rightly points out the Supreme Court's Knotts/Kyllo/Karo distinction that tracking devices/enhanced sense devices do not violate the fourth when they are used outside the home, but are overly-invasive when used inside the home.

    25. Re:Legal Basis? by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      Besides, it's criminal; was it a mistrial or an acquittal?

      Uh, doesn't quite work that way. This was an appeal, which means technically the guilt or innocence of the defendant is not at question, only the legality or sufficiency of the evidence or the constitutionality of the process. If the process or the evidence is found to be inadequate or unconstitutional, then the court decides whether the error was such that the person might or might not have been convicted in the absence of the error in question.

      Only in very limited circumstances does an appeals court actually decide to acquit a person, what usually happens is that the case is sent back to the trial court, either to change what was wrong if it's possible (such as correcting an improper sentence to what is permissible), or retrying the defendant if it is not. Only if all the evidence is inadmissible or if the defendant, by any analysis of the case, could not have been convicted, will the appellate court acquit the defendant.

      Validity of the evidence and the potential for contamination of a trial depends on several factors. Let's say you're suspected of stealing a piano, the cops get a warrant to search for the piano, and a cop opens a drawer and finds marijuana, which they bring up at trial. The marijuana would be suppressed and so would a conviction for its possession because there's no reasonable basis for finding a piano in a drawer of a piece of furniture. This suppression of evidence for the marijuana would not, however, overturn the conviction for the stolen piano they found in your basement, because whether or not they found the marijuana, the jury could still reasonably have convicted for stealing the piano based on the evidence of finding the piano itself in your home. Now in other cases, contaminating you with illegal evidence might sway a jury and if it can't be said for certain that the illegal evidence was not a cause for the conviction, in such a case the court would most likely overturn the conviction and order a new trial.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
    26. Re:Legal Basis? by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      The constitution does not say anything about attaching GPS devices to automobiles.

      Actually, I think it does, it's called the 4th Amendment:

      The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

      I think clearly being "secure in their person" would mean not to have a tracking device attached to them or their "effects" such that it tells every place you have been, even where the police were not watching. Further, we can argue the Tenth Amendment:

      The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

      Might restrict what the specific states can do absent a grant of power from the people of that state.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
    27. Re:Legal Basis? by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      With the usual IANAL disclaimer, while it may theoretically be possible for the SCOTUS to overrule a decision that is grounded in a *state* constitution,

      No, they cannot. The Supreme Court has ruled that the highest court of a state is the final arbiter on the meaning of a state statute or the state constitution. If a state Supreme Court decides the state constitution gives more protection to citizens than the equivalent Federal constitution, or decides that a state law is unconstitutional on state Constitutional grounds, that is the end of the matter unless the provision of the state Constitution violates the Federal Constitution or a federal statute. So there still has to be a federal nexus.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
    28. Re:Legal Basis? by plague3106 · · Score: 1

      It does say alot about privacy rights though.

    29. Re:Legal Basis? by camperdave · · Score: 1
      Well, the tenth amendment talks about powers outside of the constitution, so if the tenth covers it, the constitution itself doesn't (thus proving my point).

      The fourth ammendment says secure against unreasonable searches and seizures. Attaching a homing beacon is not seizing, as the owner retains full posession and control of the vehicle. So it boils down to two questions:
      1. Is it a search?
      2. If it is a search, is it unreasonable

      My opinion is that it is not a search. The contents of the vehicle remain unknown to the police. The only information they gain is the position of the vehicle, which they can get through other, more expensive, means.

      Now, having said that, I don't think it is a proper thing for the police to do without a warrant, or without special authorization.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
  11. Close, but no cigar by smooth+wombat · · Score: 5, Informative

    When one reads the linked article, the court indicated it was because no warrant was obtained that the tracking via GPS was invalid, not the tracking in and of itself.

    Had the police done their job and obtained a warrant to plant a device on the persons car, there wouldn't have been a problem. They obviously had reasonable suspicion to suspect he was the burglar because they knew enough to single him out.

    This isn't about Big Brother watching you, this is about sloppy police work (though it does tie in nicely with the previous article from Wisconsin).

    --
    We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    1. Re:Close, but no cigar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course it's about Big Brother watching you. If the court had ruled that a warrant was indeed unnecessary, what would - legally, if not necessarily in practice - stop the police from tracking ANYONE, even those not already suspected of a crime?

      The fact that the police can track you IF they get a warrant is pretty irrelevant, and certainly not cause for concern. There's a damn lot the police can do if they obtain a warrant, but we as a society have already concluded that giving them extra powers in order to combat crime is OK if they actually get permission from (hopefully) neutral, independent judge first.

    2. Re:Close, but no cigar by dontmakemethink · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This is very much about big brother watching you. The police work wasn't sloppy, they surely knew they dd not have sufficient evidence to obtain a warrant, so they pretended to assume it wasn't necessary.

      They could have, and should have, put a tail on him the old fashioned way. That way someone can actually account for the suspect's whereabouts and conduct. A GPS tracker indicates a lot more than just a suspect's car's position, and goes where conventional surveillance cannot. If a form of tracking is allowed, then the information gathered by it is admissible in court.

      That means if a murder suspect parks in front of a gun shop, the jury gets to hear about it, even if the suspect gets a slice of pizza next door. With nobody there to bear witness, the information gathered cannot be interpreted accurately and only serves to prejudice the suspect and/or waste the court's time deciding what to make of it.

      --

      War as we knew it was obsolete
      Nothing could beat complete denial
      - Emily Haines
    3. Re:Close, but no cigar by GMFTatsujin · · Score: 1

      What, Big Brother can't be sloppy now and again?

      It *is* about Big Brother watching you, when the agents of the government can monitor the citizenry with impunity and charge crimes based on movements. This case is a sign that Big Brother is still struggling for power -- in other words, there's still integrity in the citizen/government relationship.

    4. Re:Close, but no cigar by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      The police work wasn't sloppy, they surely knew they dd not have sufficient evidence to obtain a warrant, so they pretended to assume it wasn't necessary. You assume that the police knew that a warrant wasn't necessary. Do you realize that 3 members of the highest court in New York agree that a warrant wasn't necessary(assuming that was what their dissent was about)?

      A lot of people on this site are assuming that the police knew what they were doing was wrong. It could not be more unclear and some of the best legal scholars in our state seem to disagree. They might have had enough for a warrant, and decided that they didn't need it because they were tracking him in a public space. Or they might have assumed that the fact that there is a lesser right to privacy in a car would allow them to do it. This isn't your typical case of police kicking down a door without a warrant. This is a case of the judiciary interpreting the constitution as it applies to a technology which was inconceivable at the time it was written.

      That means if a murder suspect parks in front of a gun shop, the jury gets to hear about it, even if the suspect gets a slice of pizza next door. With nobody there to bear witness, the information gathered cannot be interpreted accurately and only serves to prejudice the suspect and/or waste the court's time deciding what to make of it. This has nothing to do with the warrant/no warrant debate. GPS tracking is universally allowed with a warrant as far as I know.

    5. Re:Close, but no cigar by Nukenbar · · Score: 1

      What on earth are you talking about? Courts have used cell tower records for over a decade now. Of course it won't tell you exactly what a person was doing, but often times a person's location is a neighborhood is evidence enough. (i.e. his alibi is across town)

    6. Re:Close, but no cigar by dontmakemethink · · Score: 1

      They've used credit cards, airport surveillance and ticket records, fingerprints, DNA, etc etc. None of those invade the privacy of an individual to the extent that a GPS tracking device does, and even though the owners of such records generally cooperate voluntarily, it still takes a warrant or subpoena to compel them to surrender them. The police have no authority to order them to hand them over, and the suspects under investigation have no claim to such info once it's in the hands of others except their doctor, lawyer, or spouse.

      A tracking device with GPS accuracy is on the phone tap side of privacy limitations, not the cel tower records side. No question the courts should decide when and how they should be used in each instance, not the cops.

      --

      War as we knew it was obsolete
      Nothing could beat complete denial
      - Emily Haines
    7. Re:Close, but no cigar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If they can plant a GPS device on one person without a warrant, can they do it to any person? If so, can they do it to every person, not just the "Bad Guys"?

  12. Did he still steal stuff? by Pulse_Instance · · Score: 0

    From the skimming I did of the summary it looks like the sentence was over turned because they didn't get a warrant for using GPS to track the guy. Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures NO, should there be discipline for not using proper procedures absolutely. Improper procedures should not cause a case to be overturned unless of course it could be shown that the person was guilty only because of the improper procedures.

    1. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by WCMI92 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      From the skimming I did of the summary it looks like the sentence was over turned because they didn't get a warrant for using GPS to track the guy. Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures NO, should there be discipline for not using proper procedures absolutely. Improper procedures should not cause a case to be overturned unless of course it could be shown that the person was guilty only because of the improper procedures.

      Wrong. The ONLY punishment appropriate when government violates the rights of the accused in the course of collecting evidence is to deprive them of the use of that evidence.

      If that means guilty people getting off, so be it, in the end, denying government actors the use of illegally obtained evidence in the end is the ONLY way we have giving them a disincentive to conduct illegal searches and seizures.

      The Constitution is not a technicality.
       

      --
      Corporatism != Free Market
    2. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 1

      Yeah, who needs stupid things like due process. It's not like it's a constitutionally guaranteed right or anything.

    3. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Improper procedures should not cause a case to be overturned unless of course it could be shown that the person was guilty only because of the improper procedures.

      Which is likely what happened. The remedy for a violation of the Fourth Amendment is that the evidence discovered in violation of the right is excluded from use at trial. If he had previously been convicted, the remedy is typically to reverse the conviction and remand for a new trial.

      The exclusionary rule emerged after much warning from the Court to police agencies to not violate the Fourth Amendment. It's purpose is to deter the police from violating your rights by making the fruit of such violations inadmissible.

      Also, unrelated to your comment but worth mentioning, while the New York Court of Appeals is technically "an appeals court," it is more specifically the highest court in New York State.

    4. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by smooth+wombat · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures

      Yes. That's the whole point of having a judicial system. It spells out how the police and the legal profession must act to bring cases to trial. If you're going to abandon that system, then I don't suppose you have a problem with police coming into your house at any time of the day or night to see if you are breaking any laws.

      Improper procedures should not cause a case to be overturned unless of course it could be shown that the person was guilty only because of the improper procedures.

      If you, as the police or prosecutor, can't be bothered to follow proper procedures, who's to say you didn't make up evidence to indict someone? It stands to reason if whatever procedures are in place weren't followed, how does the court know that what it is asked to rule on is valid?

      To use the well-worn phrase: Better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.

      --
      We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    5. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're absolutely right--if the police break laws to get a conviction, the suspect shouldn't go free. After all--laws aren't for the police to follow--and we certainly shouldn't discourage them from pursuit of justice at any cost.

      Now excuse me while I grab a blowtorch, pliers, and a corkscrew--you're about to sign a piece of paper admitting you killed Amelia Earhart, and waive your right of appeal while I'm at it.

      With logic like that--you deserve this.

    6. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes.

      Beyond the constitutional arguments, The exclusionary rule is, arguably, one of the few effective measures for keeping police from disregarding due process and abusing their power. Otherwise, it is oh-so-very-very-tempting to just bend the rules a little to get the guy you "know" is the right one. If doing the wrong thing is a good way of getting your case thrown out, you'll be a lot less likely to do the wrong thing.

      There is empirical evidence, as well, for this position. This is an op-ed from a legal academic who has studied the matter.

      "Getting tough on crime" at the expense of method is initially attractive; but it is extraordinarily corrosive to our rights and liberties in the medium and long terms. The ethical flexibility that allows the cops to create a fictional confidential informant to seize otherwise unavailable evidence today, will be the same flexibility that allows the cops to create fictional evidence tomorrow.

    7. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by SwashbucklingCowboy · · Score: 1

      Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures NO

      Actually, yes they should. Otherwise, police have no incentive to follow procedures.

    8. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Crazy+Man+on+Fire · · Score: 1

      Improper procedures should not cause a case to be overturned unless of course it could be shown that the person was guilty only because of the improper procedures.

      You're essentially contradicting yourself. You say "sure, evidence collected using improper (that is, illegal) procedures is admissible in court!" and then contradict it with "but evidence collected using improper procedures can't be used to show guilt."

      The police need to follow the law. If they don't, then they are the ones out of luck. If this is not the case, then there is no incentive for the police to follow the law. In fact, there is considerable incentive for them to break the law. If they are able to collect more compelling evidence by breaking the law, have it allowed in a court case, and then result in a guilty verdict that they may not have gotten by following the law, then what is the incentive for them to follow the law?

    9. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by d3ac0n · · Score: 1, Troll

      From my basic understanding of the US legal system, evidence obtained improperly is considered tainted and suspect, and is thus thrown out.

      Think of it this way; If the police officer in question is willing to collect evidence in a manner contrary to procedure and law, it is entirely likely that he is willing to plant or forge evidence to get a conviction.

      Remember: In America, it's still "Innocent until proven guilty." no matter what one advocacy group or another might say. While I hate for a burglar to go free, we cannot assume that the defendant in this case was indeed a burglar just because the police say so. Nor can we assume the evidence wasn't forged in some manner if the police weren't even willing to follow procedure.

      The judges did the right thing in tossing out the evidence, IMHO.

      --
      Official Heretic from the "Church of Global Warming". Proven right thanks to whistle blowers. AGW = Flat Earth Theory
    10. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by SwashbucklingCowboy · · Score: 1

      It's got nothing to do with due process.

    11. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by MozeeToby · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Sounds good in theory maybe but its a very dangerous idea. Your rights would then be limited by the amount of grief an officer is willing to go through in order to catch you in some illegal act. Imagine you're a cop tracking down a serial killer and you think there's evidence inside someone's house, wouldn't you be willing to risk punishment to prevent the guy killing again?

      All the sudden the rule would be 'you need a warrant and probably cause OR be willing to risk punishment' which is not quite the same thing. Throwing out the conviction is the only punishment that will work to deter abuses, because it is the only punishment that takes away the reward for illegal searches. Otherwise there will always be times when the reward (catching the bad guy) is greater than the punishment (the end of your career), especially when you'll be a hero to the public for your 'brave sacrifice'.

    12. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by mooingyak · · Score: 1

      Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures

      The problem with allowing the conviction to stand is that it encourages sloppy police work, in a "kill em all and let god sort em out" kind of way. You end up with police violating everyone's rights but then only charging the guy who actually did it. You also end up with police who bust into the homes of people they just don't like in hopes of finding some kind of evidence of a crime.

      As odd as it sounds, the purpose of overturning this conviction is more to protect you and me than it is to protect the burglar in this case.

      --
      William of Ockham had no beard. The most likely explanation is that it was chewed off by squirrels every morning.
    13. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Pulse_Instance · · Score: 2, Interesting

      What I meant and said poorly, is that there must have been some sort of stolen goods that the guy had in his possession. That alone should be good enough for the guy to be put in jail. The fact that police followed improper procedures needs to be addressed in a very harsh manner. However, I still think that someone should not be able to get away with a crime on a technicality.

    14. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 2, Insightful
      You're joking right? Please tell me you are joking. Do you even know what due process means?

      Due process is the principle that the government must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person according to the law of the land.

      This case was about the police not respecting the legal rights of the accused person hence by it's very definition it is a violation of due process.

    15. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Dynedain · · Score: 1

      No.

      If the police and prosecutors can get away with not following procedures, then they will never follow procedures. If ignoring legal procedures does not jeopardize the chance of conviction, then there is no penalty for not following those procedures, and instead creates incentive to bypass the procedures completely. After all, even if the defendant finds out, they'd still be convicted.

      Overturning a conviction because of procedural violations sets an example that procedural violations will not be tolerated.

      Our system of justice is built on the premise that it is better to let a guilty person go free than penalize an innocent. The state does not get a free pass to do whatever it wants. It must operate in a legal manner, and that means following established procedures designed to not violate the rights of the potentially innocent. We hold the state to this standard so that everyone has the opportunity for a fair trial.

      --
      I'm out of my mind right now, but feel free to leave a message.....
    16. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_of_the_poisonous_tree

    17. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by pedrop357 · · Score: 1

      Who would engage in discipline for not following proper procedures?
      Internal affairs? The DA?

      There are myriad examples of police officers getting with slap-on-the-wrist punishments for things that would net the average citizen 20+ years.

      Take, for example, the police involved in the Kathryn Johnston murder. I'm completely unaware of any cop involved getting more than 10 years. They lied to obtain a warrant, shot a woman and planted drugs in her house while she bled to death.
      What do you think the punishment would be for failing to secure a warrant? 1-day paid suspension?

      Think of the exclusionary rule like asset forfeiture. When a person engages in an illegal act, the tools they used as well as any assets acquired as a result are seized. It should remain the same way for evidence-if the government breaks the law by not securing a warrant, any rewards are removed. Thus, there is no incentive in not following procedure.

      If the government can seize lottery winnings because the ticket was bought with money alledgedly made from drug dealing, then the government has to deal with having everything they learned/obtained as a result of an improper search excluded.

    18. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by rackserverdeals · · Score: 1

      I don't think it's as cut and dry as you say. There are obviously differeing opinions. If there weren't we wouldn't need judges. We would all just know what was right and what was wrong.

      The police didn't obtain a warrant, the prosecutor didn't have a problem presenting that evidence at trial and the judge allowed it into evidence. I'm assuming defense counsel opposed it.

      --
      Dual Opteron < $600
    19. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 1

      However, I still think that someone should not be able to get away with a crime on a technicality.

      Good for you. Some of us actual value due process and police following legal procedures.

    20. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by plague3106 · · Score: 1

      Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures

      YES. For one, it's the law. Second, this prevents government from turning into a police state... they can't just do whatever they want, they must obey the law and it's limits on them. Otherwise things like requiring a warrant become meaningless.

      You seriously need to relearn consitutional law and why things are the way they are.

    21. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      All the sudden the rule would be 'you need a warrant and probably cause OR be willing to risk punishment' which is not quite the same thing. Throwing out the conviction is the only punishment that will work to deter abuses, because it is the only punishment that takes away the reward for illegal searches. Otherwise there will always be times when the reward (catching the bad guy) is greater than the punishment (the end of your career), especially when you'll be a hero to the public for your 'brave sacrifice'.

      Why not do both?

    22. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by WCMI92 · · Score: 2, Informative

      What I meant and said poorly, is that there must have been some sort of stolen goods that the guy had in his possession. That alone should be good enough for the guy to be put in jail. The fact that police followed improper procedures needs to be addressed in a very harsh manner. However, I still think that someone should not be able to get away with a crime on a technicality.

      Doesn't matter. They illegally placed a tracking device and used that as the method of catching him with the stolen goods. Because the method they used to catch him with the stolen stuff was illegal, then that evidence is tainted and inadmissible.

      Trust me, you don't want it any other way. Had the police done good police work (ie: followed him with police detectives) instead of the quick and easy way (slap the GPS onto his vehicle) they would have caught him and the conviction would have stood.

      We shouldn't allow the government to get away with circumventing the Constitution with technology for their own convenience.

      Plus, given that the police and prosecution now have been proven to have broken the law THEMSELVES to collect this evidence, I don't necessarily take their word for it that this was the burglar. Since they were clearly willing to break the law to get a conviction, who's to say they didnt' plant this evidence? The guilty don't deserve a presumption of innocence, and by this ruling, those involved in this case have been found guilty of violating the rights of the accused.

      If they didn't have enough evidence going in to get a warrant for the suspect in the first place, one wonders how flimsy their case was otherwise...

      --
      Corporatism != Free Market
    23. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by ricree · · Score: 5, Informative

      There is a legal principal known as Fruit of the poisonous tree. Essentially, any evidence that has been found due to an illegal search, even if it wasn't found during the search itself, is inadmissible.

      So if the stolen property was discovered because of the gps, then it is likely inadmissible. The article didn't say one way or another, so it is tough to tell. If it had nothing to do with the gps, then it can still be used in court

      Remember also that the judge merely ordered a new trial with the bad evidence excluded. If they still have enough evidence that was discovered independent of the illegal search, he may still be convicted.

      Ultimately, there is no better way to defend our rights that to completely bar any evidence that has been found in violation of them. It sometimes has the unfortunate side effect or letting the guilty go free, but so long as police maintain their professionalism and act legally it should be a rare occurrence.

    24. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      there must have been some sort of stolen goods that the guy had in his possession

      The problem is, could the Police have found those "goods" without the GPS tracking information?

      Fruit of the poisonous tree.
      Any evidence obtained through illegal means cannot be used. Additionally, any evidence obtained through the use of illegally gotten information cannot be used.

      I still think that someone should not be able to get away with a crime on a technicality.

      If you don't like the Constitution then propose an amendment. (...or leave the US :)
      The occasional bad guy going free is the price we pay for a free society.

    25. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Actually, it's somewhat more complicated than that.

      This wasn't a case of a citizen suing the government because his privacy was violated by GPS tracking (which is kind of the way you framed it above). Rather, this was -- as far as one can tell from the poor summaries and extracts currently made available -- a case where the defendant in a criminal action seeks to have evidence excluded under the Exclusionary Rule, because, presumably, GPS tracking is unconstitutional.

      Why would it be unconstitutional? It might be because of some specific provision in the New York Constitution. Or, it might be because the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution is deemed to be applicable to this case, with that Amendment being made applicable to state action through the Incorporation Doctrine.

      If the latter case, then Due Process (of the "substantive" as opposed to the "procedural" variety) would be involved, because that's the basis of the Incorporation Doctrine. But, if the cops simply violated the state constitution, I wouldn't necessarily call that a "due process" issue. That's just simply cops breaking the law they're sword to uphold.

    26. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But how would they have known there was stolen goods on his person/property to recover to convict him with?
      If a store/house was robbed, and this GPS indicated he was there at the time the crime occurred, and they then arrested him and discovered the stolen goods, they cannot use the evidence of the stolen goods against him since it was discovered using an illegal method.
      Thus, no evidence to convict him.

    27. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Locke2005 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The problem I have with the exclusion rule is that it only "punishes" the police when they violate the rights of someone who is actually guilty. What recourse do I have when they pull me over without cause and/or search my vehicle and DON'T find anything incriminating? They have still harassed and intimidated me, but because they didn't find anything they could arrest me for, it is ok? Likewise, the police could use GPS to discover information totally unrelated to the case they are investigating, e.g. the vehicle of a married man they are tracing sits in a motel for a couple hours. They now have information they can use to extort the "suspect" into cooperating with the police to entrap others.

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    28. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 1

      If the latter case, then Due Process (of the "substantive" as opposed to the "procedural" variety) would be involved, because that's the basis of the Incorporation Doctrine.

      And that is the basis of their decision which is why I said what I did because I had actually read the ruling and not just the summary.

    29. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by BaronHethorSamedi · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Wrong. The ONLY punishment appropriate when government violates the rights of the accused in the course of collecting evidence is to deprive them of the use of that evidence.

      It might be worth pointing out that this is only true in the United States. No other country (including those with search and seizure protections enshrined in their respective constitutions) adheres to an exclusionary rule as a matter of constitutional principle.

      Even in the U.S., the exclusionary rule took a while to evolve. Even after it was crafted as a federal standard, the states took a while to fall in line. There are ways of deterring bad official conduct that don't involve excluding relevant evidence of a criminal offense. (Civil suit against the police, independent disciplinary bodies, etc.) Other countries manage just fine.

    30. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Dragonslicer · · Score: 2, Informative

      What recourse do I have when they pull me over without cause and/or search my vehicle and DON'T find anything incriminating? They have still harassed and intimidated me, but because they didn't find anything they could arrest me for, it is ok?

      No, it's not okay. Your recourse is to file a complaint with the police department and/or your state government (Attorney General's office might be a good place to start if the local police department doesn't handle the complaint). In a system that isn't completely corrupted, the officer will at least be suspended for the duration of the investigation.

    31. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      You are arguing that having evidence thrown out is a greater deterrent to a police officer than the loss of his job? I could not disagree more. The end result in this case is that a guilty burglar had to appeal to the highest case in the state before the evidence was thrown out. The officer probably doesn't give a rat's ass that the evidence was suppressed. I don't think we should punish the officers for making good faith judgments about legal gray areas, but if we did, I think it would be a far greater deterrent than the occasional suppression of evidence.

    32. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Hatta · · Score: 1

      The ONLY punishment appropriate when government violates the rights of the accused in the course of collecting evidence is to deprive them of the use of that evidence.

      I disagree. If a police officer acts outside of the authority given him, he should be treated like every other citizen. If their actions would amount to stalking if I did it, then the police officer should be charged with stalking.

      --
      Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    33. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Firethorn · · Score: 1

      If that means guilty people getting off, so be it, in the end, denying government actors the use of illegally obtained evidence in the end is the ONLY way we have giving them a disincentive to conduct illegal searches and seizures.

      I tend to disagree. In our current system, it is indeed normally the only way. But what if the police STILL don't care? 'We'll get him next time!'.

      Personally, I'd add firing, fining, even criminal charges if the violation was deliberate. But I have to somewhat agree with Pulse - mistakes have let too many real criminals go.

      --
      I don't read AC A human right
    34. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      Well, since you were too stingy to do so, I dug up this and will provide the link:

      http://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/decisions/2009/may09/53opn09.pdf

      It was decided under the state constitution, since federal law was deemed to still be undecided on the issue. What I find intriguing is that the judges looked to rulings in other states (Oregon and Washington), but apparently the Wisconsin case was too recent to be included in that survey. I wonder if they would have ruled differently? Recall that the N.Y. decision was 4-3, it would have taken only 1 of the justices to tip the other way...

    35. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by blueg3 · · Score: 1

      This would explain why you are able to sue the police for harrassment, false imprisonment, etc.

    36. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by twidarkling · · Score: 1

      The problem I have with the exclusion rule is that it only "punishes" the police when they violate the rights of someone who is actually guilty.

      I believe you mean "convicted." Or perhaps "charged." Since the evidence was improperly obtained, there's no reason to assume the individual is actually guilty.

      However, despite the semantical difference, I do agree that there needs to be more in place to prevent abuses that don't lead to charges being filed. Ever tried filing a police harrassment complaint? Good freaking luck having any kind of impact.

      --
      Canada: The US's more awesome sibling.
    37. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by camperdave · · Score: 1

      So instead of following the guy with people for two months, round the clock, at $20/hour, they tracked him with a $400 box attached to his car. $28,000 vs $400 - and the constitution says nothing about attaching homing beacons to vehicles.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    38. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by BrookHarty · · Score: 1

      >From my basic understanding of the US legal system, evidence obtained improperly is considered tainted and suspect, and is thus thrown out.

      Normally yes. But SCOTUS has been working hard to make police mistakes admissible. That seems like a slippery slope argument. How do you tell if its a mistake? The polices word? Every time is a mistake then.

      I find the whole argument that the legal system works is laughable. We have appellate courts overturning cases all the time. States who cant even agree on the same rules. Federal and State disagreements on evidence. SCOTUS interpreting the law for each's own moral or political views and ignoring common sense.

      I'd rather side on caution for the person than the state. But that view seems to be lost in our nanny 911 culture.

      -
      God is Great, Beer is Good, People are crazy -
      Billy Currington

    39. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by jombeewoof · · Score: 1

      your post shows just how lucky you have been in life. I have been harassed in this manner several times and complaints have been met with a polite version of stfu in the best circumstances and literal shut the fuck up at least once.

      --
      Linux Zealots: Smarter than Mac Zealots, but still zealots.
    40. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Firethorn · · Score: 1

      Take, for example, the police involved in the Kathryn Johnston murder. I'm completely unaware of any cop involved getting more than 10 years. They lied to obtain a warrant, shot a woman and planted drugs in her house while she bled to death.
      What do you think the punishment would be for failing to secure a warrant? 1-day paid suspension?

      In the case of the cops in the example, I'd have made it a death penalty case.
      1. Lying to obtain a warrant should be a felony
      2. Killing somebody in the course of executing a warrant obtained by felony pergury mades it premeditated murder
      3. Planting evidence afterwards only makes it more obvious

      As for securing a warrant, I think it depends on the circumstances. If they believed they didn't need a warrant or had a valid one(that they didn't lie to get), then the punishment should be less severe.

      Think of the exclusionary rule like asset forfeiture. When a person engages in an illegal act, the tools they used as well as any assets acquired as a result are seized. It should remain the same way for evidence-if the government breaks the law by not securing a warrant, any rewards are removed. Thus, there is no incentive in not following procedure.

      I absolutely, utterly hate asset forfeiture. It only encourages the drunks to buy cheap vehicles that cost the cops more to haul off than the drunk driver paid for it. A person shouldn't lose their car because a friend/relative borrowed it to buy some weed and got caught. It's also been the cause of at least one murder by cops.

      No, any assets forfieted should be part of the punishment set by the court - and still limited to any criminal gains and potential fines.

      Still, I understand where you're coming from. I'm just aware that cops can ruin somebody via legal harrasement. That's part of what I'd fix - Cause more damage looking for drugs than the fine for that half gram of weed(because you slashed all the furniture of the house before finding the ditch weed in the good-will couch in the basement)? Guess what, the cops are stuck paying for the difference. Bust down Granny's door by mistake? Well, you'd better fix it*.

      *Actually happened, the sheriff posted a deputy there the rest of the night, the carpenter fixed it that day, the Sheriff actually apologized, and the old lady didn't sue.

      --
      I don't read AC A human right
    41. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by rantingkitten · · Score: 1

      Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures NO,

      Look, the rights of the accused are some of the most powerful outlined in the Bill of Rights for a good reason. If the government is going to accuse and attempt to convict and punish you for a crime, they are obligated to do so within the framework of the law they are enforcing. If they can't play by their own rules, they don't get to be in the game at all.

      In a case like this it's pretty clear-cut, too. Getting a warrant is dead simple in most jurisdictions and judges will hand them out like candy on the flimsiest of pretexts. If the cops couldn't come up with a decent enough reason to convince a judge that this guy needs to be monitored, then what business did they have monitoring him anyway?

      Punishing the police after the fact would do nothing for the guy whose rights were violated, either, and sets dangerous precedent. "Oh yeah, sorry we forced an illegal confession out of you and you're going to spend the next ten years in the slammer, but don't worry, we put the offending officer on a week of paid vacation -- er, 'administrative leave'." Why even have a Bill of Rights at that point?

      --
      mirrorshades radio -- darkwave, industrial, futurepop, ebm.
    42. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So naive.

    43. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by QuantumRiff · · Score: 1

      Wasn't there a guy in Australia that got in trouble, because he found a GPS tracking system attached to his car without permission, and removed it and sold it on Ebay? I seem to recall that being a big issue a few years ago... ;)

      --

      What are we going to do tonight Brain?
    44. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Actually,+I+do+RTFA · · Score: 1

      From the skimming I did of the summary it looks like the sentence was over turned because they didn't get a warrant for using GPS to track the guy

      Except they didn't. They ordered a new trial without the GPS records.

      --
      Your ad here. Ask me how!
    45. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by jahudabudy · · Score: 1

      You are arguing that having evidence thrown out is a greater deterrent to a police officer than the loss of his job?

      Not quite. MozeeToby is arguing the having evidence thrown out removes the incentive to break procedure. If there is no gain to breaking procedure (assuming the cop doesn't just think he'll get away with it), the mildest of deterrents (bad rep, in this case) will serve to prevent the action. This is subtly, but importantly, different than providing a deterrent larger than the incentive. It is very difficult to judge magnitude in matters that are so subjective, but zero is pretty easy to spot.

      --
      ...sometimes, in order to hurt someone very badly, you have to tell that person terrible lies. - PA
    46. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

      The police didn't obtain a warrant, the prosecutor didn't have a problem presenting that evidence at trial and the judge allowed it into evidence. I'm assuming defense counsel opposed it.

      Which is what gave him grounds for an appeal. All three were wrong.

    47. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

      If a police officer gets his evidence thrown out in court due to improper actions on his part, and it gets thrown out *repeatedly*, I'm fairly certain he will be fired. Because he's of no value to the department.

    48. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Tauvix · · Score: 1

      No, but NY law does prohibit the police from modifying private property or tapping a communications device without a warrant.

      The issue is not that they attached a box to his car. The issue is that they did so without a warrant. However, the police do not require a warrant to follow someone in public areas. The problem is that the GPS also follows the person onto private property where the police are not allowed to go.

      Additionally, the GPS is unable to tell you what the person did at a location, only that he was there. What if you have a strip mall with an adult toy store, a liquor store, and a gun shop. The guy parks in the parking lot for 15 minutes. The GPS cannot tell you if he was picking up a fifth of vodka, strawberry flavored condoms, or a box of ammo.

      The argument can be made for what store he parked in front of, but you have no way of knowing how many other parking spaces were taken at the time he went to park.

      A GPS device is no replacement for actual investigative actions. And, in NYS at least, any evidence obtained as a result of a warrantless tracking of the vehicle - say copies of receipts and video surveillance from the gun store - would be inadmissible under the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree doctrine.

    49. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

      From the perspective of your argument, I agree with you.

      However, I wouldn't make it a death penalty case simply because I wouldn't make *any* case a death penalty case. Until you can guarantee that no person will *ever* be subjected to a punishment which is irreversible, *no one* should be subjected to it.

    50. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The problem with this is, as with many things in the so-called "Justice system", is that the police are not really penalized, but the crime victim is. The US system ignores the victim at every turn.

    51. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by rts008 · · Score: 1

      It's not that you said it poorly, or that we did not understand what you meant.

      We are disagreeing with your opinion.

      Following your logic leads directly to a state of not being able to tell the cops from the criminals...both are breaking the law.

      There is valid reasoning behind the cliche: 'The road to Hell is paved by good intentions.'

      It's deplorable that 'technicalities' and procedural violations allow criminals to get away, but it's a small price to pay to keep the rights you still have.

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    52. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      Dragonslicer obviously has much lighter skin than you do.

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    53. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As much as I'd like to agree with your statement....I can not.

      A couple of years ago I witnessed an Indiana State Trooper breaking all kinds of traffic laws that would have had a citizen pulled over in a flash. At one stoplight, I flashed my hand (palm up) back and forth in my dash and mentioned the erratic driving behavior of the officer in front of me to my passenger. Shortly there after, I noticed the officer talking on their cell phone. Strangely enough, a few miles later I was pulled over *by a different officer*. I asked why I was pulled over and she said, "Speeding. And, another officer called me and informed me that you were driving hazardously, not using turn signals" and the list went on and on. Basically, everything I noticed the other officer doing, they accused me of. When I asked why the witnessing officer to the more severe infractions had not shown up for an arrest, she replied, "I don't know." I was only charged with speeding.

      After writing up my complaint in a very detailed letter that I intended to send to her barracks officer, I hightailed it to my family attorney. He read the letter and told me to throw it out. He said to me that if I file that letter of complaint to her senior officer in charge, that my complaint would be looked at and my words turned against me to find things to charge against me. He also stated that if I had done so, other officers would station themselves along the roads I use near my home and pull me over for the next year or so for the most minor of traffic offenses. My attorney said, point-blank, you'd be harassed until you moved, probably.

      He said that my best recourse was to have the ticket deferred - where-by, I'd have to admit guilt but the record would be sealed for 1 year. However, if I kept a "clean record" for a year my insurance would not be contacted and it would be as if the event never took place.

      Given my choices: Pay the ticket and admit guilt; or, going to court for a lengthy, expensive trial all the while being harassed by people who barely follow the laws they've "sworn" to uphold; or, I could take a deferment. The ticket cost and the deferment have about the same fine in dollars. However, I don't think I should have to pay an insurance premium because of two crooked cops. I bent over and took the deferment.

      IMNSHO, Cops are crooked. Period.

    54. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No other country (including those with search and seizure protections enshrined in their respective constitutions) adheres to an exclusionary rule as a matter of constitutional principle.

      I don't know about other countries, but the exclusion rule has been explicitly part of Canada's constitution since 1982. From the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:

      24. (1) Anyone whose rights or freedoms, as guaranteed by this Charter, have been infringed or denied may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain such remedy as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances. (2) Where, in proceedings under subsection (1), a court concludes that evidence was obtained in a manner that infringed or denied any rights or freedoms guaranteed by this Charter, the evidence shall be excluded if it is established that, having regard to all the circumstances, the admission of it in the proceedings would bring the administration of justice into disrepute.

      There's an included limitation, but the US rule has limitations too.

    55. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You will not say "so be it" when or if something (your-deity-here-forbid) untoward happens to you or someone close to you and someone guilty gets off on a technicality!! It's always easy to say, but it aint so easy to do in real life.

    56. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by dbcad7 · · Score: 1

      I agree with you, and in some cases criminal charges are made.. problem is they are usually only in extreme cases. For some reason, we as a society have accepted abuse of athority.. For instance, the common practice of having a driver get out of a car and searched and handcuffed while they search for warrents during a routine traffic stop.. you see it all the time, and it's pretty much on every episode of Cops.. Since when is handcuffing someone while they find out wherther or not they can arrest them acceptable ?.. you got to feel for the poor guy stopped for changing lanes without a turn signal, sitting on the curb in handcuffs with people driving past gawking at him like he may be some rapist they just caught... The problem is, that in the minds of many police, this is accpetable as a puniushment for whatever traffic violation is made.. and that is perhaps the biggest problem with some cops, is accepting that they are not in the "punishment" buisness.. No cop should be punishing anyone for anything, there job is to enforce the law and arrest offenders.. the courts and the penal system are responsible for the punishment.

      --
      waiting for ad.doubleclick.net
    57. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Dragonslicer · · Score: 1

      Dragonslicer obviously has much lighter skin than you do.

      You have no idea. I'm a Jew from Maine. They don't really come much whiter than me.

    58. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by codegen · · Score: 2, Informative

      No other country ... adheres to an exclusionary rule as a matter of constitutional principle.

      Ummm. How about Canada.... (Section 24(1&2))

      --
      Atlas stands on the earth and carries the celestial sphere on his shoulders.
    59. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1
      The part that I found fault with was the following: Throwing out the conviction is the only punishment that will work to deter abuses, because it is the only punishment that takes away the reward for illegal searches.

      Distinguishing between removing an incentive and creating a disincentive is slicing the baloney a little thin. Look at it like this. If a cop makes 10 illegal searches, maybe one will be questioned in court(most of these people plead guilty). If the guy has a really good attorney, his conviction might get overturned. The cop has 9 searches where he received a gain and one where he did not. He is then free to play again. Only by punishing him by more than having the evidence suppressed in one case will there be a disincentive to keep going.

      If they were all striving to be heroes, and got caught every time they messed up that might work, but it assumes that the officer is striving for some sort of non-job-related reward. Being praised for being a hero for catching a serial killer or something like that. Doesn't really happen too often in real life. In real life, they might get some notice in the department for an additional arrest. Taking away that reward by punishing them for illegal searches would be a far more effective punishment than withholding the evidence, and has the added benefit of not allowing an undoubted criminal out of jail on a technicality. It would also have the benefit of removing dirty cops from the police force rather than just having the evidence suppressed when they get caught.

      While this solution solves the problem of the cop who is willing to risk any sort of punishment to catch a serial killer problem, it doesn't remedy the everyday problem of people's rights being infringed

      There are a million ways to get a warrant with little evidence. The only reason they didn't have one in this case is they probably didn't know they needed it(3 judges agreed with them).

    60. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      I think that is correct, although I think it is very rare to have a piece of evidence suppressed due to police misconduct. For starters, most people just plead guilty. Also, it is very easy to get a warrant, and very hard to get a warrant invalidated. Also, there are a lot of exceptions to every rule. As a friend of mine once said, "If you can't get a piece of evidence admitted, you're not trying hard enough."

    61. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Firethorn · · Score: 1

      Until you can guarantee that no person will *ever* be subjected to a punishment which is irreversible, *no one* should be subjected to it.

      News flash: NO punishment, except maybe fines, are reversible. Spend 20 years behind bars for a crime you didn't commit? That's 20 years you're never getting back.

      Personally, I LIKE that extra resources are spent in a DP trial to help ensure justice. Life in Prison is 'cheap' ethically, but it costs a life just the same.

      --
      I don't read AC A human right
    62. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      The point was that most cops are biased and treat different people differently. Some they harass because of their race, some because of their religion, some because of their sexual orientation (I personally watched the cops put an effete guy with pink socks into a drunk tank full of extremely macho Mexicans and tell them "Be nice to this guy, he's my personal friend!") Personally... well, the major reason that I get harassed by the police is than I'm an asshole... but that doesn't mean they aren't discriminating against me!

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    63. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by zippthorne · · Score: 1

      Which is, I assume, why police departments sometimes employ "psychics." To launder the evidence and get back on track.

      What, you thought the scam was by the psychics themselves on the unsuspecting police? Hah.

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    64. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by riverat1 · · Score: 1

      My way of deterring bad official conduct would be to go ahead and use the ill-gotten evidence but any police officer or other official who participated in violating the perps civil rights gets to be their roomie in the slammer for the duration of their sentance. That would probably eliminate the problems real quick.

    65. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      our legal system is based on the belief that the guilty should sometimes go free instead of the innocent sometimes being incarcerated. it's best this way.

    66. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The guilty don't deserve a presumption of innocence

      Actually they do, however the evidence they present may be in question due to their previous guilt to such a degree that the presumption of innocence on part of the accused burgler outweighs the questionable evidence.

    67. Re:Did he still steal stuff? by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      From the skimming I did of the summary it looks like the sentence was over turned because they didn't get a warrant for using GPS to track the guy. Should someone who committed a crime be let go because some did not follow procedures NO, should there be discipline for not using proper procedures absolutely. Improper procedures should not cause a case to be overturned unless of course it could be shown that the person was guilty only because of the improper procedures.

      Except that in such cases, the police are never disciplined for such "improper procedures" and thus the protections of the Constitution become mere cant. Prosecutors need police to provide the evidence to get convictions; if the prosecutors went after police on a regular basis for misconduct, the cops would soon stop doing much to help the prosecutors. And the police can't be trusted to investigate themselves, it will almost always be a whitewash or a slap on the wrist. The only means that guarantees that illegal evidence will not be used is to deny its use. That requires illegally obtained evidence to be suppressed.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  13. Fourth Amendment by DarrenBaker · · Score: 3, Insightful

    My understanding here is that monitoring without a warrant would constitute (no pun intended) a breach of the 'unreasonable search and seizure' part of the US constitution. If a cop can't investigate someone on the sole basis of profiling (racial or otherwise), then he shouldn't be allowed to GPS tag them without a warrant either. Seems simple to me... No?

    1. Re:Fourth Amendment by WCMI92 · · Score: 1

      My understanding here is that monitoring without a warrant would constitute (no pun intended) a breach of the 'unreasonable search and seizure' part of the US constitution. If a cop can't investigate someone on the sole basis of profiling (racial or otherwise), then he shouldn't be allowed to GPS tag them without a warrant either. Seems simple to me... No?

      This reeks of laziness on the part of law enforcement to me.

      If the man was a suspect, they could have had plainclothes officers follow his vehicle. This would not have required a warrant nor violated his rights, so long as the officers didn't violate his person or property without a warrant.

      Instead they slapped a GPS on his vehicle and allowed it to save them the time, labor, and expense of doing so.

      That's where they crossed the line. Had they done good police work (ie: followed him instead of taking the lazy way out) they would have collected the SAME evidence and done so legally.

      --
      Corporatism != Free Market
    2. Re:Fourth Amendment by TheNinjaroach · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Instead they slapped a GPS on his vehicle and allowed it to save them the time, labor, and expense of doing so.

      They are saving time and money with a highly accurate technology. As a tax payer, I think this approach sounds great. As a citizen, I think this approach should always require a warrant.

      --
      I went to eat some animal crackers and the box said, "Do not eat if seal is broken." I opened the box and sure enough..
    3. Re:Fourth Amendment by HikingStick · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure this would necessarily qualify as "unreasonable search and seizure". That was a protection designed to keep officials from searching your person (or your property) and pocketing your property without just cause. Would the court have ruled differently if the car were monitored by a series of surveillance cameras (assuming enough were in place to track the movements)?

      I'm guessing that the judges involved thought about the places they go, and decided that they wouldn't want anyone knowing where they stopped.

      I just don't know. It does not sound unreasonable, however, it could be reasonable to expect them to go through some approval process (akin to obtaining a warrant). The technology hold much potential to aid law enforcement, but, like any other technology, it could lend itself to abuses. I guess I was reared to believe if you're not doing anything wrong, then you have no reason to fear someone knowing where you are. It may be a simplistic view, but it is one that accompanies an implicit trust of government as an agent of and for the protection of the people. If you do not trust the government, then such an action would, logically, be deemed suspect.

      Although I was reared to trust the government, my life experiences have pushed me more and more toward a distrust of any government.

      --
      I use irony whenever I can, but my shirts are still wrinkled...
    4. Re:Fourth Amendment by WCMI92 · · Score: 1

      They are saving time and money with a highly accurate technology. As a tax payer, I think this approach sounds great. As a citizen, I think this approach should always require a warrant.

      I completely agree. The police can even obtain wiretaps and permission to place a bug if they have a warrant to do so. A GPS tracker is nothing more than another form of that, so it should be assumed by any reasonable person that if bugs and wiretaps require a warrant, so does a GPS tracker.

      Instead these guys did it willfully without one, which in my mind makes them bad cops and the prosecutors who intentionally used this evidence to get a conviction criminals themselves.

      Sadly, not all police are "Sergeant Joe Friday" (of Dragnet fame). Joe Friday would have followed the suspect and used good police work.

      --
      Corporatism != Free Market
    5. Re:Fourth Amendment by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      Can't say that I agree with the bit about bad cops. As shown by the circuit split(not to mention the split opinion in NY), this is a legal gray area. If legal scholars disagree as to whether or not this is constitutional, you can't really fault the detective.

    6. Re:Fourth Amendment by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure this would necessarily qualify as "unreasonable search and seizure". That was a protection designed to keep officials from searching your person (or your property) and pocketing your property without just cause. Would the court have ruled differently if the car were monitored by a series of surveillance cameras (assuming enough were in place to track the movements)?

      Getting a warrant ensures that the search and seizure isn't unreasonable. That's the whole purpose of a warrant. If the officers had gotten a warrant to place the GPS device on the suspects car, it wouldn't have been a problem.

      The court would have ruled differently in your example of the security cameras, but because the cameras were taping *everyone*, whereas the GPS would only be tracking *the defendant*. It's a matter of "plain sight".

    7. Re:Fourth Amendment by darkmeridian · · Score: 1

      It's more complicated than that. The Fourth Amendment's bar against unreasonable search and seizures do not extend to things for which you do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy. For instance, cops can go through your trash without a warrant because you do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in debris you threw away. You also don't have an expectation of privacy in your whereabouts in public locations, so cops can follow you around public areas without a warrant.

      The consequence of this is that some jurisdictions have held that cops can use electronic means to follow you around without a warrant because you do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in your location when you're in a public. Wisconsin was one such jurisdiction. This New York case differs, but the problem here is that the cops followed the guy around for 61 days. Perhaps he went into private locations during that time. If the cops followed him around for a few hours, that might lead to a different result.

      --
      A NYC lawyer blogs. http://www.chuangblog.com/
    8. Re:Fourth Amendment by SoupGuru · · Score: 1

      What about the 5th Amendment? Their device is on my car and I'm hauling it around gathering evidence that might be used against me. I don't think that's right.

      --
      What doesn't kill you only delays the inevitable
    9. Re:Fourth Amendment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, it is not that simple. For instance, there cannot be an unreasonable search if it is displayed to the public. For instance, a police officer does not need to have a warrant to see a car speeding down the highway.

      Now the one argument here becomes that all the GPS did was show the police where the car was headed, something that is considered to be displayed to the public as the car is driving outside in a public area. As tracking the car without a GPS would not be an unreasonable search, the argument goes that there is no reason this is an unreasonable search despite the use of technology to aid them.

    10. Re:Fourth Amendment by DarrenBaker · · Score: 1

      That counts as probable cause, and they wouldn't require a warrant. If they saw the robber committing theft, they would just arrest his ass on sight, and wouldn't need the GPS device.

      There is an argument that it's unreasonable, because as someone said above, without a warrant, it's unreasonable. That's what warrants are for.

  14. Stake Out - Surveillance by gzine · · Score: 0

    How is this different from assigning a detective to follow the guy around all day?

    1. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by h4rr4r · · Score: 2, Insightful

      1. It did not use up the "valuable" resource that is the detective. Meaning the police could just plant one of these devices on all cars in the city.

      2. If a detective is following you, he normally will not follow you onto your private property, else he could be charged with trespass.

      3.If a detective follows a person around that person has the ability to at least seek harassment charges.

    2. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      2-Not at all true. There are a bunch of ways a detective can legally follow you on to private property. They also don't need to be following you due to the open fields doctrine. 3-Oh really? How is a detective supposed to get the probable cause required for a warrant without being allowed to follow people? I bet you also think they need warrants to frisk people.

    3. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by h4rr4r · · Score: 1

      2.There are plenty of ways for me to shoot trespassers who fail to identify themselves. At the very least I can call the state troopers on them.
      3. I said has the ability to at least seek the charges not that it would happen. You can most certainly attempt to have a police officer charged with harassment.

    4. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

      How is a detective supposed to get the probable cause required for a warrant without being allowed to follow people?

      And what if the detective is following his exgf around? What then?

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
    5. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      2-Sorry, I thought we were talking about what was legal and what wasn't. Have fun shooting trespassers. 3-Oh sorry, when you said seek charges, I thought you meant seek charges with a chance that they would be enforced by a court. If you are seeking charges against an officer who is investigating you, the would be unlikely.

    6. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      I hope you're joking, but in case you aren't, it would depend whether he was investigating her and whether there was a restraining order against him.

    7. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

      I'm not. This happens from time to time. And to answer your response, no department worth its salt should be assigning someone to investigate an ex, or really anyone they have a personal connection to. By the way, how much do you think a TRO is worth against a cop?

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
    8. Re:Stake Out - Surveillance by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      The reason I thought you were joking is that I was talking about police officers in general, while they are investigating crimes and the fact that they probably shouldn't be following their ex-girlfriends around doesn't really have anything to do with the point I was making. I don't know how much a TRO is worth against a cop because I've never tried to enforce one. Maybe you can tell me, because it seems like you have an unnatural interest in the subject.

  15. In other news... by Smivs · · Score: 3, Funny

    Dozens of Wisconsin criminals have been seen driving in the general direction of New York.

    1. Re:In other news... by YouWantFriesWithThat · · Score: 4, Funny

      they are going to have a bit of a problem when they hit the lake. hopefully the smarter of them will head in the general direction of Chicago, and then Ohio, before heading towards New York.

    2. Re:In other news... by Ecuador · · Score: 1

      And of course we know that from the gps tracking provided by the Wisconsin police dept.

      --
      Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent. Polar Scope Align for iOS
    3. Re:In other news... by Legrow · · Score: 2, Funny

      Dozens of Wisconsin criminals have been seen driving in the general direction of New York.

      We know.

      -- The Wisconsin police

    4. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, I think that I saw W and Cheney headed to NY as well.

    5. Re:In other news... by bitt3n · · Score: 2, Funny

      they are going to have a bit of a problem when they hit the lake. hopefully the smarter of them will head in the general direction of Chicago, and then Ohio, before heading towards New York.

      hopefully the Wisconsin police will call them in time to let them know they're going the wrong way.

    6. Re:In other news... by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      The Chicago criminals will eat them for lunch. They'll never make it to Indiana.

  16. That is the very foundation of our legal system by Rix · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That it is better to let ten guilty men go free than to convict a single innocent man.

    Throwing the case out is the discipline used when the police or prosecution step out of line.

  17. What's Good for the Goose by bperkins · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I understand the argument that GPS tracking is not significantly more intrusive than tailing.

    But I wonder how police officers would react if GPS devices were surreptitiously placed on their cruisers.

    1. Re:What's Good for the Goose by d3ac0n · · Score: 1, Troll

      But I wonder how police officers would react if GPS devices were surreptitiously placed on their cruisers.

      I was under the impression that police cruisers in most (if not all) locales in the US have been equipped with GPS tracking for many years now. I know for a fact that the NY State trooper vehicles have them (I have an in-law who's a trooper) and I think my local township does too. From what my in-law told me, the troopers union requested the GPS devices for officer safety reasons.

      --
      Official Heretic from the "Church of Global Warming". Proven right thanks to whistle blowers. AGW = Flat Earth Theory
    2. Re:What's Good for the Goose by SwashbucklingCowboy · · Score: 1

      I wonder how those Wisconsin judges would react if someone planted a GPS device on one their cars and then published their locations on the web...

    3. Re:What's Good for the Goose by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As far as I know, those are government property and are indeed GPS tracked in most places (granted funds).

      The only argument I have is that they are changing the state/manipulating private property. I don't see how the judge could overlook (or maybe ignorantly missed) that they are ATTACHING something to someone's car. Listen:

      It is arguably valid that attaching a GPS device is the equivalent to governments injecting RFID tags under your skin when you were born (or somehow attached a device to your person without your knowledge).

    4. Re:What's Good for the Goose by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I understand the argument that GPS tracking is not significantly more intrusive than tailing.

      Except the cop tailing you isn't doing it from the backseat of your own car.

      I see attaching a GPS device to my car the same as I would a cop entering may car to place an audio receiver.
      Once their surveillance touches me or my property, there had better be a warrant. If they want to follow me to my destination, then they'd better be ready for a LONG drive :)

    5. Re:What's Good for the Goose by DeadCatX2 · · Score: 1

      You can watch somebody tailing you, but barring those of us with tin-foil hats, you aren't going to see the GPS device.

      --
      :(){ :|:& };:
    6. Re:What's Good for the Goose by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The last time I heard about anything remotely similar (ie-holding a cop accountable for his actions off-the-job) it was a guy setting up a motion activated camera to catch a cop hauling ass through a residential speed zone. I think he caught him going at around 50 mph, give or take. The cops didn't like that one bit, so they had the guy who set the camera up charged with stalking. I don't know what happened after that.
      http://forum.ebaumsworld.com/showthread.php?t=186330
      eww. I am posting an ebaums link... oh well.

      I'm not anti-law enforcement, but hearing stories like that, make my flesh crawl.

    7. Re:What's Good for the Goose by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      They already have GPS devices on their cruisers, it's called LoJack. What's needed is citizen oversight of their paths after the fact. Unless a path is marked as being related to a given case, it should be available to an oversight body after 30 days; if related to a case, the track is released when the case is closed or after a period not to exceed five years, whichever comes first. (The tracks are released somewhat early with a random jitter period so that it is not clear which cases they are associated with.)

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    8. Re:What's Good for the Goose by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And their home vehicles.

    9. Re:What's Good for the Goose by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And the political authorities like tracking the police because they can find out if the guys on the night shift are driving home and taking a nap instead of patrolling.

  18. State constitutions differ. by John+Hasler · · Score: 3, Informative

    There is not necessarily any conflict. That which is forbidden by the constitution and/or statutes of one state may be permitted in another. Whether or not this is permitted by the US Constitution must be decided by a Federal court.

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    1. Re:State constitutions differ. by WCMI92 · · Score: 1

      There is not necessarily any conflict. That which is forbidden by the constitution and/or statutes of one state may be permitted in another. Whether or not this is permitted by the US Constitution must be decided by a Federal court.

      State constitutions cannot conflict with the Federal one with respects to rights granted, as in the Bill of Rights, and in this case, the requirement that a warrant be obtained.

      States can grant you MORE rights than the Federal Constitution, but they may not restrict you more than it does.

      --
      Corporatism != Free Market
    2. Re:State constitutions differ. by DarrenBaker · · Score: 1

      Don't the human rights amendments in the US constitution supersede all others? I know that there's the state protection in there, preventing Congress from abridging state rights, but if the fourth amendment is judged to be a basic human right, then I would imagine the states can do exactly (sharp intake of breath) fuck all to fight it.

    3. Re:State constitutions differ. by pi_rules · · Score: 1

      Right, but the state's supreme court doesn't get to decide what federal law says. That's up to a federal court.

      This crap just takes time to shake out.

    4. Re:State constitutions differ. by Red+Flayer · · Score: 1

      That which is forbidden by the constitution and/or statutes of one state may be permitted in another. Whether or not this is permitted by the US Constitution must be decided by a Federal court.

      Sort of.

      Every state is beholden to the civil protections of the US Constitution -- no state may allow transgression of rights enumerated there. So there are commonalities to the state laws, and definitely for the rights of people in the states. Think of the US Constitution as defining the baseline for what people's rights are; this is the intersection of the sets of protections all states proffer.

      Also please note that the states' judiciaries can and do rule on constitutionality of items, as applicable in their state; appeals can go to the US Circuit Courts (or higher).

      --
      "Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race..." -- J.R.R. Tolkien on Olog-hai
    5. Re:State constitutions differ. by hypoxia23 · · Score: 1

      You almost have it, but some details are incorrect. First, only some of the amendments have been "incorporated" against the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. However, most of the really important ones have (e.g. 1st, 4th). Second, if a state court determines a question of federal law and the state appeals process is exhausted, the appeal goes to the federal Supreme Court not the circuit courts.

    6. Re:State constitutions differ. by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      Actually, state courts hear federal cases all the time, and interpret federal law. Only certain kinds of cases (e.g. involving foreign countries/citizens, bankruptcies, securities fraud, between states, etc.) must be brought in federal court.

      Of course, one or both parties in a state court proceeding involving federal law issues can petition for the case to be "removed" to federal court, and there are sometimes procedural advantages in doing so.

      Disclaimer: IANAL

    7. Re:State constitutions differ. by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      > States can grant you MORE rights than the Federal Constitution, but they may not
      > restrict you more than it does.

      Only if a Federal decision finding this unconstitutional comes out must the states fall into line. Were the Federal courts to decide its ok, WI could still permit it and NY could still forbid it. There is no Federal precedent on the issue yet so NY can forbid while WI permits without conflict.

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    8. Re:State constitutions differ. by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      There has not yet been a Federal decision on this issue. Until there is the states are free to go either way. A Federal decision banning the practice would be binding on the states. One permitting it would leave them free to ban it.

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    9. Re:State constitutions differ. by Dhalka226 · · Score: 1

      You are correct. For sure the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth amendments have all been incorporated to the states with the passing of the Fourteenth Amendment (and subsequent case law). You can read the brief blurb here for a little background, though it's not much.

      That said, this case is also a prime one to come before the US Supreme Court at some point. Generally speaking, the Court takes cases that have serious Constitutional questions and where there are a multitude of differing opinions being handed down in lower courts. Unless there are significant factual differences between the Wisconsin and New York rulings (as opposed to different legal interpretations), this is the sort of thing the USSC likes to step in on and lay down binding precedent.

  19. THANK YOU! Re:Stolen device has GPS? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Thank you for a great business venture idea. The market needs such a service.

  20. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by NoStarchPlox · · Score: 1

    The way to deal with police mistakes is with sanctions and fines. This is the way it was before the 1960s.

    And it was completely ineffective. Sorry, but I'd prefer not to go back to a time where due process and warrants were afterthoughts.

  21. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

    And, especially before the 1960's, police behavior was egregious, and sanctions and fines were pitifully ineffective.

  22. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by brian0918 · · Score: 1

    This is the way it was before the 1960s.

    Ahh, so yours is an argument from tradition, then? Or do you have an actual argument?

  23. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by dmatos · · Score: 1

    And you're free to be the one innocent man that is imprisoned for life with no hope of parole.

    I'd rather live on the block with 10 guilty guys, thanks very much.

    --

    It may look like I'm doing nothing, but I'm actively waiting for my problems to go away.
    --Scott Adams
  24. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In criminal law, Blackstone's formulation (also known as Blackstone's ratio or the Blackstone ratio) is the principle: "better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer", expressed by the English jurist William Blackstone in his Commentaries on the Laws of England, published in the 1760s.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone%27s_formulation

    You're right! it was from the 60's!

  25. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Crazy+Man+on+Fire · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The way to deal with police mistakes is with sanctions and fines.

    So, the police get a slap on the wrist and an innocent person goes to the electric chair? No. Absolutely no. We have to err on the side of caution and give the accused the benefit of the doubt. Innocent until proven guilty, and you can't be proven guilty with illegally obtained evidence.

    This is the way it was before the 1960s.

    I'd like to see a citation for this. Even if it is true, so what? Who cares what it was like before the 1960s. We didn't have high speed internet before the 1960s either. Should we also go back to computers that take up a whole room and aren't connected to one another?

  26. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by agnosticanarch · · Score: 1

    Okay, I'll live on the block with 10 guilty guys, and you can be the one innocent man going to butt-rape prison. That works for me.

    --
    I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do.
  27. Yeah, its pretty cool. Go to http://dragnet....co by Marrow · · Score: 1

    And you can see them fleeing live on the net.

  28. Personally, I would have ruled for the state by sirwired · · Score: 2

    If following somebody in an unmarked car without a warrant is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why an electronic device that accomplishes the same thing through satellite tracking would not be.

    SirWired

    1. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by tilandal · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If having a plant listen to a phone conversation is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why doing the same thing through a switch-box would not be.

    2. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by h4rr4r · · Score: 1

      The police officer following you does not damage your private property, aka your car. He also does not follow you onto your private property, your land. In addition this reduces the burden on the police involved in tracking suspects to the point were without the need for a warrant they could just place a tracking device on every car in their jurisdiction.

    3. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by John3 · · Score: 1

      The violation is not that the police tracked the suspect via GPS, it's that they planted the device on the car.

      --
      "We make our world significant by the courage of our questions and by the depth of our answers." Carl Sagan
    4. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by MirthScout · · Score: 1

      As long as that car, the private property of the suspect, isn't tampered with in any way, such as by attaching a device to it, you might be right.

      As soon as you attach that device to the car it is obviously different. After all following the suspect in an unmarked car didn't require tampering with the suspect's property. A warrant should be required. It isn't even a hardship on the police to simply get a warrant so there isn't really an excuse for such sloppy police work.

    5. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually having someone do the following requires expensive resource allocation. With GPS, it's a one-time cheap (compared with paying a police officer) expenditure & suddenly you can pay 1 person to "follow" multiple vehicles.

      Without oversight like a warrant, it becomes trivial for cops to start silently tagging all cars (or at least all cars in "suspicious" neighbourhoods). After that, comes the "if you've got nothing to hide" argument.

      It's essentially salami slicing. Steal 1 penny, your not going to get arrested. Steal 1 penny from 500 000 people, you will.

    6. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by sirwired · · Score: 1

      Sticking a tracking device on a car is hardly "damage." (I'm making the bold, and possibly unwarranted, assumption they just used a magnetic unit.)

      Also, if the police follow your car in a chopper, they most certainly can track your vehicle's whereabouts on private property.

      I would file this kind of surveillance under the "reasonable suspicion" (no warrant needed) standard (used for traffic stops, stop-n-frisks, etc.) vs. the "probable cause" standard (warrant required). This would preclude the ability of placing a tracking device on the car of every citizen.

      SirWired

    7. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Kjella · · Score: 1

      If following somebody in an unmarked car without a warrant is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why an electronic device that accomplishes the same thing through satellite tracking would not be.

      When does a police stakeout become just a fishing expedition? So what if this was the guy, they probably tracked other that were innocent for months that never knew it. It's nowhere in the constitution but I think police officers in general should need to get a warrant to follow people over extended periods of time. I'm not talking about tailing your car through traffic or other things measured in hours, but if we're talking systematic surveilance over weeks and months then I think it's fully reasonable to have a judge look at it and say "ok, you got reasonable suspicion" or "you only got an axe to grind and is essentially stalking him waiting for him to do something illegal, anything at all". Imagine surveilance became so easy, we'd all have a small flying camera hovering over our heads from the moment we left home following us around everywhere in public. Technically legal? Probably. A country I'd like to live in? Hell no.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    8. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      No, the original analogy is far more accurate than yours: if a plant were capable of playing back the contents of a phone conversation, or relaying the conversation to some remote listener, then that method of surveillance would be subject to the same constitutional constraints as wiretapping.

      The only differences that come to mind between surreptitiously tailing someone's car, and tracking them via a GPS transmitter, however, are: 1) the economic cost differential (GPS tracking is much cheaper), and 2) you can't effectively tail someone onto private property (e.g. their garage or a private estate). I'm not sure that either of those have any constitutional significance.

    9. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Even better:

      If convincing someone to obey you is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why doing the same thing through a brain implant would not be.

    10. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      The only differences that come to mind between surreptitiously tailing someone's car, and tracking them via a GPS transmitter, however, are

      You forgot to mention that in one, the they are looking at you, in the other they access your private property without permission to modify it and have it send information. Without a warrant, the cops involved should be charged with criminal mischief at the least (and judging from the recent court cases, hacking). What rights do they have to implant you or your property with their gear? If implanting GPS in your car is ok, why not just RFID implant everyone. It's no different. You are either secure in your person and posessions or you are not. They violated that without a warrant. It isn't about being tracked by some external means. It's about the fact that they violated the property or person without proper process.

    11. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Tauvix · · Score: 1

      Sticking a tracking device on a car is hardly "damage." (I'm making the bold, and possibly unwarranted, assumption they just used a magnetic unit.)

      No, but it would still be considered a modification, I believe.

      Also, if the police follow your car in a chopper, they most certainly can track your vehicle's whereabouts on private property.

      Yes, but the chopper is unlikely to be peering in your windows. The police in the car can see that your car has entered the property, but they are not allowed to enter your private property or perform surveillance that does not occur within plain sight of the street.

      I would file this kind of surveillance under the "reasonable suspicion" (no warrant needed) standard (used for traffic stops, stop-n-frisks, etc.) vs. the "probable cause" standard (warrant required). This would preclude the ability of placing a tracking device on the car of every citizen.

      I would as well, if it didn't require the police to physically modify a person's private property. Even if the GPS unit used a magnet or double sided tape to attach to the car, for the length of time that the unit was attached, it physically modified the car under the strict definition of the word (as generally used in legal terminology).

      From Webster's Dictionary

      Modify:

      1. To change somewhat the form or qualities of; to alter somewhat; as, to modify a contrivance adapted to some mechanical purpose; to modify the terms of a contract.

    12. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      Typically they use magnets and/or tape to affix the GPS transmitter, the "modification" of the suspect's property is negligible, and reversible. For that matter, if they're careful about removing the transmitter, they may actually leave that surface of the vehicle cleaner and more intact than it would have been otherwise in the normal course of operating the vehicle on the roads.

      This is hardly comparable to a dystopian-nightmare surgical implantation of RFIDs without the victim's consent. Yet another analogy gone awry.

      Don't get me wrong: I don't like the idea of police having the power to do this. But, while I think legislatures should outlaw the practice, I don't think there is any solid legal foundation for finding it unconstitutional (after reading the N.Y. decision I was unimpressed with their legal reasoning, they seemed to mostly rely on decisions made in Oregon and Washington; since Wisconsin went the other way, I think it's too early to declare any kind of consensus).

    13. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      And if you have a warrant, you can listen through a switch-box. That is the key to the whole argument: do it the right way, as established by law, and its completely legal.

      Besides, you're also forgetting someone's right to privacy. I have an expectation of privacy when I am talking on the phone with my buddy. What my buddy does with that information is a completely seperate issue.

    14. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      This is hardly comparable to a dystopian-nightmare surgical implantation of RFIDs without the victim's consent. Yet another analogy gone awry.

      One is an unwanted and unwarranted (pun intended) implantation on private property, and the other in a person. They are identical in just about every way. I fail to see how an RFID implant is any different. It hurts a little, but other than that is never a problem again, not like big ear tag or something.

    15. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Twanfox · · Score: 1

      It doesn't really matter if it is reversible or not. The fact that they touched your property in order to modify it (and attaching a device, even via magnets or tape, is modification), they need to be seeking a warrant for it. It would seem to me that the following comparison would hold true; GPS tracking bugs are to a tailing a suspect what wiretaps are to listening to a conversation in public. The former in both (should) require a warrant due to the expectation of privacy in person and property, the latter does not as there cannot be an expectation of privacy when you are out amongst the public.

      This aught to clue most people in. If you travel onto a private drive or property (possibly, as I did once, a military base to evade some unruly students) and the police cannot follow, gaining information beyond that point they must stop is a violation of your privacy.

    16. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      There is a long-standing principle that the U.S. Constitution protects "bodily integrity", see Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Botsford, 141 U.S. 250 (1891) as well as the whole line of Supreme Court cases involving abortion, forced sterilization, etc.

      Implanting RFIDs in people without their consent violates bodily integrity in a way that attaching GPS transmitters to automobiles clearly does not. It's a bad analogy, just admit it already.

    17. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      It's a bad analogy, just admit it already.

      Nope. It's a perfect one. The Constitution states that a person has a right to be secure in their person and their effects. Those are on equal level in the Constitution. So if there is some difference, it is applied after the constitution. If they can violate my effects without violating the Constitution, then they can do the same with my body. If you disagree, please point out where the Constitution gives my body more rights than my effects.

      I personally regard all court opinions as opinions where the justices decided based on morality, then invented arguments to cover up solely moral judgements. If that weren't the case, then there wouldn't be nearly as much interest in the personal beliefs of justices or the near-perfect correlation between beliefs and rulings. So yes, I can see how rulings could be made where someone would think it would have made more sense for there to be more protections over my body than my car. But that doesn't mean it's actually in the Constitution. I'm secure in both. If implanting a GPS in my car isn't a violation of my car, then neither is implanting RFID into my person.

    18. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      Sigh. If you really truly think that taping a transmitter to someone's car is equivalently intrusive to having someone implant an RFID in your body against your will, then I suppose I can't argue against that kind of thickheadedness. I shouldn't even try. Obviously common sense takes a backseat to whatever overarching principle of personal liberty you're trying to defend here.

    19. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      Sigh. If you really truly think that taping a transmitter to someone's car is equivalently intrusive to having someone implant an RFID in your body against your will, then I suppose I can't argue against that kind of thickheadedness.

      If they aren't the same in the eyes of the law, point me to the law. You can't. You just think they *should* be different, so you assert they are.

      Obviously common sense takes a backseat to whatever overarching principle of personal liberty you're trying to defend here.

      I'm stating that the Constitution speaks to the security of my person and my effects. And if my effects are not secure from implantation by the government, then my body isn't either. Prove me wrong and find something that states that I'm secure only in my person and not in my effects. "That sounds silly" isn't a counter-argument.

    20. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Simetrical · · Score: 1

      If having a plant listen to a phone conversation is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why doing the same thing through a switch-box would not be.

      Having a police officer eavesdrop on someone without a warrant, where they have a reasonable expectation of privacy, is not legal. For instance, having them eavesdrop on a phone booth or a phone inside a private dwelling would require a warrant, to the best of my knowledge. You have a right to privacy if you're talking on the phone in your own house or other private place, and that's only superseded by a warrant (or hot pursuit, etc.).

      (Disclaimer: IANAL.)

      --
      MediaWiki developer, Total War Center sysadmin
    21. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      If following somebody in an unmarked car without a warrant is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why an electronic device that accomplishes the same thing through satellite tracking would not be.

      SirWired

      Because the electronic device can track the person's movements everywhere, including places on private property that the police could not go.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
    22. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

      I've already pointed you to the lines of "bodily integrity" precedents, you chose to remove, without comment, that part of my post, and just continue full-steam-ahead with your diatribe. If you're not going to debate with integrity, why should I extend any courtesy to you?

    23. Re:Personally, I would have ruled for the state by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      I've already pointed you to the lines of "bodily integrity" precedents, you chose to remove, without comment, that part of my post, and just continue full-steam-ahead with your diatribe.

      State a ruling on a similar issue with property and why that doesn't apply to property. Otherwise it isn't a difference in application, just in litigation.

      If you're not going to debate with integrity, why should I extend any courtesy to you?

      The law of the land puts body and property on equal footing. You've given nothing that indicates there is a difference. You aren't "debating." You are asserting that I'm wrong without addressing my point.

  29. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by TheCabal · · Score: 1

    I'd rather live on that block than in a jurisdiction where shoddy policy work and disregard for procedure and civil rights are encouraged.

    You don't achieve justice by breaking the law.

  30. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by maxume · · Score: 1

    As long as you live on the block with the asshole fascist cops.

    --
    Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
  31. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Propaganda13 · · Score: 1

    That it is better to let ten guilty men go free than to convict a single innocent man.

    No, its not. You go right ahead and live on the block where 10 guilty guys went free.

    The way to deal with police mistakes is with sanctions and fines. This is the way it was before the 1960s.

    I'm assuming you're innocent so why don't we just put you and the 10 guilty guys together in a cell.

  32. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You go right ahead and live on the block where 10 guilty guys went free.

    Tell you what. I'll live with the criminals, and you live in the next town over where the cops can do whatever the hell they want. I guarantee you I'll have a longer, safer life than you will. What people like you never seem to understand is that when cops don't follow the law, they're no longer serving and protecting -- they're just the biggest, toughest, meanest gang on the street.

    --
    The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
  33. Jack Bauer doesn't need GPS to track you. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    He knows where you are going. Always.

  34. The reason why by meerling · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It's actually very simple as to why using a tracking device isn't considered kosher while tailing someone is.

    Just imagine if the subject happened to be a phone conversation: It's the difference between putting a wire tap on a phone, and being in the same room and overhearing a phone conversation.

  35. Hmmm...there goes my other idea. by HikingStick · · Score: 1
    If the NY case is any indication, I guess my other idea is shot. I've recommended mounting paint guns onto squad cars as a means of reducing the number of high-speed chases.
    1. Squad pulls up behind car.
    2. Officers run plates.
    3. Officers turn on lights.
    4. Suspect vehicle starts to pull away.
    5. Officers fire paint pellets at vehicle.
    6. Other officers and/or aerial units are alerted to watch for 'tagged' vehicle.
    7. If officers cannot find vehicle, body shops and other auto retailers are alerted to watch for customers with 'tagged' vehicles.
    8. Citizens are happy because of fewer chases and their costs (property damage, vehicle repairs, injury, death).
    9. Citizens learn there's more to watch on TV than just car chases.
    10. Hollywood producers learn new plot devices to replace 'the car chase'.
    11. I die broke because no one remembers that it was my idea.
    --
    I use irony whenever I can, but my shirts are still wrinkled...
    1. Re:Hmmm...there goes my other idea. by Nukenbar · · Score: 1

      I think the main problem with this is the fact that we are worried about arresting the driver, not necessarily the owner of the car. Once the car has left the sight of the police, all we know is the owner of the car.

      We as a whole don't mind the distinction when it comes to something petty like speeding and speeding cameras. But anything more serious might be a problem.

    2. Re:Hmmm...there goes my other idea. by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      No, the main problem is that "He's running! Get him!" is instinctive. Especially with cops.

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    3. Re:Hmmm...there goes my other idea. by HikingStick · · Score: 1

      Agreed. Take away the need to chase them. I pitched the paint gun idea to the head of the national police chiefs' association, but he simply thought it amusing.

      Besides, I think cops would find shooting the suspect vehicle with a paint gun immensely gratifying. ;)

      --
      I use irony whenever I can, but my shirts are still wrinkled...
    4. Re:Hmmm...there goes my other idea. by HikingStick · · Score: 1

      I can understand that argument. I had a car stolen from me once, and received a citation some time later in the mail. Since I had reported the car stolen, it was fairly easy to get it cleared up.

      Regardless of how the tracking is done, however, I'd find it inappropriate for the GPS or vehicle location logs alone to be enough evidence for a conviction. As supporting evidence, perhaps, but not as the only evidence. Besides, it should be relatively simple for most persons to claim (and substantiate) that they (as the vehicle owners) were not the only ones driving.

      --
      I use irony whenever I can, but my shirts are still wrinkled...
  36. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by ppanon · · Score: 0, Troll

    Perhaps if police weren't allowed to have an IQ cap and instead hired the brightest applicants instead of deliberately weeding them out, then they would have more success catching the 10 criminals on your block and could do it without breaking the law themselves.

    --
    Laissez lire, et laissez danser; ces deux amusements ne feront jamais de mal au monde. - Voltaire
  37. Here's an interesting question by Anonymous+Cowpat · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Say the police in state A* attach a GPS tracker to a car sans warrant, then say that the owner of that car drives to a different state, B**; would evidence collected whilst the vehicle was in State B count? Would the officers in State A be exposing themselves to actual liability (as opposed to the evidence simply being thrown out) in State B?

    *Wisconsin
    **New York

    --
    FGD 135
    1. Re:Here's an interesting question by control_freq · · Score: 1

      IANAL, but I believe in that scenario the case could go in several directions: the Feds could get involved (depending on how much they care about the case), or the suspect could be charged in state A and/or state B (again, depending upon how much either state cares about the crimes committed in their respective state). So to answer the question, there is no direct answer. The attorneys/police will probably do whatever gives them the best chance of a conviction.

      --
      I'm an optimistic cynic: I'm optimistic that my cynicism is well founded.
    2. Re:Here's an interesting question by dank+zappingly · · Score: 1

      Best guess: Would depend what court you were before. Wisconsin thinks it is fine and New York thinks it isn't. The Wisconsin approach is more in line with the Supreme Court.

    3. Re:Here's an interesting question by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      If a crime involves interstate travel, it typically falls under the jurisdiction of the FBI. Not sure what their policy on GPS tracking is.

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
  38. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You go right ahead and live on the block where 10 guilty guys went free

    Anecdotal fallacy.

    The way to deal with police mistakes is with sanctions and fines. This is the way it was before the 1960s.

    Appeal to tradition.

    I've seen many Republicans like you, providing no evidence to support their positions, just spouting lame garbage. Often people like you will even sound sensible on the surface, but then ten seconds of critical thought later, your arguments are exposed for the lies and hypocrisy they truly are.

    I pity you, for seeing the world through such a distorted view must make your life incredibly miserable.

  39. Re:track my cock by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    not to worry; the flavor is always surprising

  40. Welcome to the USA. by Molochi · · Score: 4, Informative

    What police can or can't do to a vehicle depends on what state you are in. Big surprise.

    --
    "The Adobe Updater must update itself before it can check for updates. Would you like to update the Adobe Updater now?"
  41. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 0, Troll

    I've seen many Republicans like you, providing no evidence to support their positions, just spouting lame garbage. Often people like you will even sound sensible on the surface, but then ten seconds of critical thought later, your arguments are exposed for the lies and hypocrisy they truly are.

    This is just name calling. Nothing more, nothing less.

    I pity you, for seeing the world through such a distorted view must make your life incredibly miserable.

    Blah blah blah more name calling. I don't pity liberals at all. Things that are not human are not worth pity.

    --
    This is my sig.
  42. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    As long as you live on the block with the asshole fascist cops.

    Oh, and instead you liberals would have us be disarmed living with ten crooks. Yep, no wonder every city run by liberals is a shithole, and our country is increasingly becoming one.

    --
    This is my sig.
  43. Missing the point. by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 1

    If following somebody in an unmarked car without a warrant is legal (and it is), I'm not sure why an electronic device that accomplishes the same thing through satellite tracking would not be.

    This issue isn't about whether GPS tracking, applied to one individual case, can collect information that can't be collected by tailing the suspect. The issue is about the restrictions on the power of the police to mess with people. Even if GPS tracking and following somebody around produce the same information, warrantless GPS tracking gives the police plenty more opportunity to abuse their power.

    Having a detective tail a suspect is costly, so the police can be expected to limit its use to the cases where they most expect to uncover evidence of a crime. Warrantless GPS tracking, on the other hand, is cheap, so the police will be tempted to abuse their power by tracking all sorts of people who did nothing wrong.

  44. Probable cause. by Anenome · · Score: 1

    Meh, this is all kinda silly. This will be ironed out on both sides soon enough, that's how the courts work. Inevitably, they'll decide you can be tracked immediately on the basis of probable cause.

    --
    "I Don't Have Enough Faith to be an Atheist"
  45. Ineffective? by tjstork · · Score: 1

    Historical crime statistics

    Since 1960, violent crime has tripled, robberies quadrupled.... pretty much every crime rate has at least doubled or tripled per capita.

    --
    This is my sig.
    1. Re:Ineffective? by Clandestine_Blaze · · Score: 1

      I don't see how this is related. The way that I see it, violent crime rates would have tripled and robberies would have quadrupled regardless. The system of fines and sanctions that you're looking at in the pre-1960's era would not have prevented crime rates from exploding like this. It would have only forced the police to double-check their work to avoid fines and sanctions, so crimes would have been committed anyway.

      I suspect that the stagflation of the early 1970s period of oil shocks may have had something to do with an increase of crime.

      Anyway, although the whole "correlation is not causation" phrase is used too much on slashdot, I think it applies here. Having said that, I am interested in why you think that there is a link between these events. I mean, aside from the bad economy in the 1970s, there must be something else that caused the crime waves during the post-1960s ?

      Maybe you're right and I'm wrong - I just hate to see innocent people spend decades in prison. Most get compensation upon release, but they still lose whatever youth that they had.

  46. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/uscrime.htm

    Crime rates doubled, tripled per capita across the board since 1960.

    --
    This is my sig.
  47. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    The problem is the Miranda Warning, 1966.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_warning

    Ed Meese was right to argue against it during the Reagan Administration.

    --
    This is my sig.
  48. False dichotomy warning! by Hurricane78 · · Score: 2, Informative

    The summary suggests, that there would be only one global way that this decision can go. While in reality, tracking a suspect with GPS can, and most likely is, ok in some cases. While in others it is not. And in some, it is even dependent on other factors.

    --
    Any sufficiently advanced intelligence is indistinguishable from stupidity.
  49. About time! by hesaigo999ca · · Score: 1

    Score +1 to the US people
    TOTAL
        US people +1 ....yeah!
        Big Brother +4,000,589 ....awwwwh

  50. Quote out of context? by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 1

    Devoting much of his 20-page ruling to how new technology delves into a person's life, Lippman said: "What the technology yields and records with breathtaking quality and quantity, is a highly detailed profile, not simply of where we go, but by easy inference, of our associations -- political, religious, amicable and amorous, to name only a few -- and of the pattern of our professional and avocational pursuits."

    That same line of reasoning would apply not only to a GPS bug on your car, but also to someone following you around with a notepad.

    Indeed, I don't think that quote in isolation presents the best case against warrantless GPS tracking, by far. I haven't seen the decision, so for all I know the quote is not representative.

    Anyway, in mind this issue isn't about whether GPS tracking, applied to a given, individual case, can collect information that can't be collected by tailing the suspect. The issue is about the American tradition of restricting the power of the police, in order to protect the people from abuse by the authorities. Even if GPS tracking and following somebody around produce the same information, warrantless GPS tracking quite simply gives the police much more opportunity to abuse their power than their current ability to follow suspects.

    Having a detective tail a suspect is costly, so the police can be expected to limit its use to the cases where they most expect to uncover evidence of a crime. Warrantless GPS tracking, on the other hand, is cheap, so the police will be tempted to abuse their power by tracking all sorts of people who did nothing wrong. They will undoubtedly uncover some folks' secrets, and there will always be the temptation to use those secrets against them ("tell me what you know about my suspect, and I won't tell your wife about your weekly visits to Motel 8 to see your mistress.").

  51. And, to top it off, you lied, as usual for a lib by tjstork · · Score: 0, Troll

    The application of anecdotal fallacy is incorrect. A rhetorical statement about letting ten men go free was made, and I replied with a rhetorical statement.

    Besides, since when do anecdotal fallacies ever stop liberals..... the whole art of liberal protest is to find some shmoe who is willing to lie about about their circumstances or inflate them for a bit of tv time...

    and of course you argue that appeal to tradition is wrong. of course, just wait till people start making fun of liberal traditions.

    --
    This is my sig.
  52. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by twidarkling · · Score: 1

    Wait. They still do that? Ugh. *faith in humanity -50*

    --
    Canada: The US's more awesome sibling.
  53. Re:Headline is inaccurate To deal with Wisconsin: by davidsyes · · Score: 1

    To answer Wisconsin's specious assertions:

    ANYONE should be allowed to zip up their car in a car cover and once it's zipped with the licence plate viewable in front and in the rear, and clear plastic windows permit viewing of the normally viewable areas of the car (to address concerns of car abandoned with bodies in the seats), THEN, Wisconsin police would ONLY be able to (reduced to/ass-kicked-down-to) attaching GPS devices on the cover.

    Now, if the motorist disposes of the car cover, or de-bugs it, TOUGH SHIT for the WPD! Cutting/tearing the cover and inserting a device should be regarded as breaking and entering. "Exploitation" of a slit/cut car cover should offer NO protection, even if in some states a home's open front door might be a permission for police to enter...

    --
    Previously: "Linux... Toward the Sunrise..." Now: "Linux... Toward the-- No, now, part of Every Sunrise"
  54. Do you know what assault encompasses? by way2trivial · · Score: 1

    Neither do I, from a legal standpoint anyway.. I do know claims have been made for 'touching' someone as assault.

    To follow me, you follow me.

    to GPS track me, you are touching my car.

    if touching your shirt is assault, why isn't touching my car destruction of property?

    --
    every day http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random
    1. Re:Do you know what assault encompasses? by russotto · · Score: 1

      Neither do I, from a legal standpoint anyway.. I do know claims have been made for 'touching' someone as assault.

      Only when the "touching" in question is a person using his hand or arm to block a blow from a police officer.

    2. Re:Do you know what assault encompasses? by rts008 · · Score: 1

      It depends on where you live, and specific circumstances as to what assault is. It may not even involve any physical contact.

      From the wiki link:

      Thus throwing a rock at someone for the purpose of hitting him is a battery if the rock in fact strikes the person and is an assault if the rock misses.

      Thus you see the 'assault and battery' phrase tossed about. It can get complicated 'in law', as you put it.

      If your interested, the link has a decent overview and some of the reasoning behind it, and is a quick read.

      I don't think attaching anything to your property would be considered any kind of assault in any US court. They would have to attach the GPS to your person to be even considered an assault.

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
  55. Does it matter? by PPH · · Score: 2, Interesting

    There are instances in which the police may wish to track someone in order to gather intelligence. This information will never appear as evidence in court. So, they'll go on planting GPS units wherever they want. They'll just have to manufacture some probable cause to make a stop.

    This sort of thing has been done for ages. The cops know who the 'bad' people are. And they've got a pretty good feel for when they're up to no good. So, where something like running a stop sign or failure to signal a lane change are overlooked for the general public, the usual suspects will get pulled over, patted down and have their vehicle tossed*. GPS technology just allows them to collect intelligence from the comfort of a donut shop instead of actually patrolling a neighborhood.

    *A friend of mine in the local PD refers to this as charging someone with "Mopery with intent to gawk".

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
    1. Re:Does it matter? by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      > This sort of thing has been done for ages. The cops know who the 'bad' people are.

      In that case why don't they round them all up, lock them in prison for life, and eliminate crime? Why waste time on silly stuff like evidence and trials? Oh. Wait. The cops would all be out of work then. Unless, of course, they then expand the definition of "bad" a little. And then a little more...

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
  56. Re:ok by retchdog · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    It's called a warrant, you fucking fascist. They've been around a while and I don't see a reason to change things.

    --
    "They were pure niggers." – Noam Chomsky
  57. Correction: NY Court of Appeals is NY's Top Court by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    Mild correction for those that do not understand the New York court system. The New York Court of Appeals is its highest court, equivalent to other states supreme court. While the New York Supreme Court is its trial court, and the Appellate Divisions are its intermediate appellate courts.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals

    I realize this is confusing, but that means the summary was wrong in saying "an appeals court in New York". This decision holds more weight than Wisconsin's by comparison - a supreme court vs an appellate court.

    Instead of: "today an appeals court in New York reached the opposite conclusion."
    It should read: "today New York's Court of Appeals (its Supreme Court) reached the opposite conclusion."

    That would clarify the confusion. Best of luck folks!

  58. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by pleappleappleap · · Score: 1

    Yep, no wonder every city run by liberals is a shithole, and our country is increasingly becoming one.

    Citation please.

  59. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by maxume · · Score: 1

    I'm sitting less than 10 feet from a gun. Making assumptions just makes you an ass.

    --
    Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
  60. Re:ok by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You don't need a warrant to follow someone. the FBI and police detectives do it all the time.

  61. Questions by Locke2005 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    1) If my car is always garaged, don't the police have to break and enter to install a GPS tracker?
    2) How do I detect whether or not a GPS receiver has been attached to my car?
    3) If this box was there for 2 months, it must be drawing power from the car battery. Doesn't that make it a lot easier to detect? Doesn't that also mean that it is probably only working when the car ignition is on?
    4) GPS signals from satellites are low-power, therefore they must be easy to jam. Isn't there a potential market for devices that do just that? You probably only need to jam the signal when the ignition is on. Better yet, transmit false GPS data and really mess with the cops' minds.

    --
    I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    1. Re:Questions by IorDMUX · · Score: 1
      A few answers from a technical perspective:

      3) If this box was there for 2 months, it must be drawing power from the car battery. Doesn't that make it a lot easier to detect? Doesn't that also mean that it is probably only working when the car ignition is on?

      Your average car battery has about 60 Ah (ampere-hours) of capacity, and is recharged every time you drive your car. In comparison, the GPS tracker probably only uses around a hundred mA (miliamperes) of current to read the GPS signal and report your location, something which it will only do in occasional, brief pulses, lasting only seconds and occurring once every few minutes. As a result, even if you didn't drive your car for an entire week, this device would drain less than 1 % of your battery's capacity. [Considering how much the capacity of a lead-acid battery varies based upon environment, charging, use, etc., this is pretty much impossible to detect.]

      4) GPS signals from satellites are low-power, therefore they must be easy to jam. Isn't there a potential market for devices that do just that? You probably only need to jam the signal when the ignition is on. Better yet, transmit false GPS data and really mess with the cops' minds.

      There are two parts to the GPS tracker. First, the receiver which watches the publicly available GPS signals from the GPS satellites and calculates your position. Secondly, a cellular-style device which radios your current location via normal cellular channels to the police. Jamming the first would mean blanketing the area around you with noise of the right frequency to smother the normal GPS satellite signals. Because the satellite transmissions are quite low power, you would also be destroying the reception of any nearby (in a fairly decent radius) navigation devices, GPS phones, etc. Jamming the second would be even more difficult, involving blanketing all sorts of cellular channels with noise, preventing any cell phones, 3G internet connections, etc. from being used anywhere around you.

      Of course, both of the above are quite illegal due to their disruptive effects by FTC regulations in the USA.

      As far as spoofing the GPS data? That would be quite the interesting technical challenge... I can't comment on that one.

      --
      >> Standing on head makes smile of frown, but rest of face also upside down.
    2. Re:Questions by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      Do the GPS trackers actually transmit the updates (which would make them easier to detect, even if it is periodic), or do they save them in flash for later retrieval? They would require non-volatile storage in both cases, since it is certainly possible to drive to places where there is no cellular reception.

      The other question which I forgot to ask is "If I find one of these $500 devices attached to my car, shouldn't I then consider it my property, or would I be arrested for theft for taking it off and not returning it?" Once somebody knows they are being targeted, it might get a little expensive trying to keep one of these boxes on their vehicle.

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    3. Re:Questions by commodoresloat · · Score: 1

      1) If my car is always garaged, don't the police have to break and enter to install a GPS tracker?

      Does it really matter? All they'll find out is that you never leave the house.

    4. Re:Questions by SanguineV · · Score: 1

      My car is garaged at home and garaged at work. Assuming I never drive anywhere else, the police would have to break into one of those private properties to put any device on my car... or do it while I am driving between home and work.

      Just because a car is always parked in a garage on private property, does not mean it is always the same garage on the same property.

    5. Re:Questions by commodoresloat · · Score: 1

      My car is garaged at home and garaged at work. Assuming I never drive anywhere else, the police would have to break into one of those private properties to put any device on my car... or do it while I am driving between home and work.

      Just because a car is always parked in a garage on private property, does not mean it is always the same garage on the same property.

      Heh, true, but my point stands ... the cops aren't going to be able to do much with the information that you really don't go anywhere interesting.

    6. Re:Questions by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      Apparently burglars and rapists lead much more interesting lives than I. In the final analysis, the only real defense I currently have against government intrusion into my private life is that anybody attempting to track my actions would be bored to tears. They would eventually break down and start shouting: "What the hell?!? Doesn't this guy ever do anything or go anywhere? Man I'd give anything for a suspect that bought an occasional joint or hooker! We've got nothin' we can use against this guy!"

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
  62. Re:track my cock by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Who marked this redundant? It's funny as hell. Fucking retards.

  63. State vs US from a Southerner. by Veni+Vidi+Dormi · · Score: 2, Interesting

    We here in South Carolina applaud your rhetoric but thanks to that Yankee jackass Lee, your assertion that we are state citizens first and US citizens second has been proven false.

    For all the crap people give the south, I'm glad y'all are realizin' what the whole "state rights" thing was about. I always read with interest the rants most recently from Cali and Texas governments about their relationship with the Fed.

    1. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by cayenne8 · · Score: 3, Interesting
      "We here in South Carolina applaud your rhetoric but thanks to that Yankee jackass Lee, your assertion that we are state citizens first and US citizens second has been proven false. For all the crap people give the south, I'm glad y'all are realizin' what the whole "state rights" thing was about. I always read with interest the rants most recently from Cali and Texas governments about their relationship with the Fed."

      Actually, I am from and live in the deep south. My college roommate once joked that anyone born north of I-10 (that passes through New Orleans) was a yankee. He was a bit stringent on that definition...hahaha.

      But, rather than get into a discussion on the war of northern aggression, lets let the past be where it is...enjoy the fact that we are still one large country, but, try to undo some of the ill effects of the past, and support these laws that are trying to help reassert states' rights, and give the 10th amendment some teeth again.

      :)

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    2. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Agreed!

      But it is still refreshing for our larger and slightly slower cousin-states to the west to finally 'get it'. :))

    3. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We here in South Carolina applaud your rhetoric but thanks to that Yankee jackass Lee, your assertion that we are state citizens first and US citizens second has been proven false.

      There's no "first" or "second" about it; you're a citizen of both the state and the nation in pretty much equal measure.

      Unless of course, you think it's up to the states to decide that blacks aren't citizens, or people, or some crazy shit like that...

    4. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't forget that Texas fought on the same side as South Carolina 150 years ago. Don't go lumping us in with the "everyone else."

    5. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Obviously, your only experience with blacks is watching the cosby show and voting for barack obama.

    6. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by collinstocks · · Score: 2, Insightful

      We here in South Carolina applaud your rhetoric but thanks to that Yankee jackass Lee, your assertion that we are state citizens first and US citizens second has been proven false.

      For all the crap people give the south, I'm glad y'all are realizin' what the whole "state rights" thing was about. I always read with interest the rants most recently from Cali and Texas governments about their relationship with the Fed.

      The government is supposed to be by the people, for the people. The people living today are not the same people living 150 years ago; with that many generations along with several periods of immigration to the US, their ideologies are different.

      Perhaps you haven't noticed some other changes that have occurred in the last 150 or so years? The "solid South" is no longer solidly behind the Democratic party. It tends to lean towards the Republican party nowadays. That's kind of a big change.

    7. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes! The dixiecrats or whatever. I wanted to make fun of them too but didn't want to get too off topic. . . this is, er, about lojacks right?

    8. Re:State vs US from a Southerner. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Obviously, your only experience with blacks is watching the cosby show and voting for barack obama.

      I AM black, you pathetic racist piece of shit!

  64. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Clandestine_Blaze · · Score: 1

    First of all, I don't agree with how you were moderated as a troll for bringing in your point of view.

    No, its not. You go right ahead and live on the block where 10 guilty guys went free.

    Try telling that to the guy who lost 26 years of his life rotting in prison for a crime that he didn't commit. A study in 2004 suspects thousands of more cases based on 328 criminal cases where the defendant was exonerated. A quote from the study:

    The study identified 199 murder exonerations, 73 of them in capital cases. It also found 120 rape exonerations. Only nine cases involved other crimes. In more than half of the cases, the defendants had been in prison for more than 10 years.

    I put the word "suspects" in bold because I'm trying to be realistic; there is no way to tell the exact number and the study only looked at 328 cases.

    The way to deal with police mistakes is with sanctions and fines. This is the way it was before the 1960s.

    I completely respect your view of how we should deal with this, but I do have to disagree. I'm all for the pre-1960's method of sanctions and fines if there was some way to guarantee that an innocent person didn't have to spend an extended period of time behind bars until proven innocent. Hell, we can't even guarantee that right now.

    I may be wrong, but I think that you're under the assumption that with the pre-1960's method, the mistake is quickly caught and the defendant only spends a short period of time in the slammer before released. Unfortunately, they can be in there for decades, and even after the mistake is caught, it may take even more years for paperwork unless they get an immediate pardon.

  65. In various ways... by denzacar · · Score: 1

    But mainly it is different cause if you keep a detective in a Faraday's cage for couple of days - he just stops working.
    Also, if you drive fast with a detective attached to your car he tends to fall of.

    --
    Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
  66. Re:Headline is inaccurate To deal with Wisconsin: by davidsyes · · Score: 1

    Something i left out... As for "zipping up the car", i should have stated, encasing/entirely zipping up the car, not just covering it and securing it by closing the hood and trunk over the ends and lanyard-tying the sides to the wheels. This way, if the car is "encased", then the cops have NO choice left but to dick with the covering, which ought to (if a warning is spray-painted on stating "no GPS or other kinds of tracking devices to be placed on or under this covering, nor on or in the contents of this covering"... or something to that effect.

    --
    Previously: "Linux... Toward the Sunrise..." Now: "Linux... Toward the-- No, now, part of Every Sunrise"
  67. I heart NY by J4 · · Score: 1

    Watervliet is on the upper low end of the economic spectrum when it comes to Albany suburbs.

    Albany, being the state capital is about as corrupt as you can get. It puts NYC metro area to shame in that regard.

    If a Judge can be bothered to side with a perp,
    it's more likely he has a hardon for the Colonie PD and not any silly notion of Justice.

  68. Welcome to a federal republic by jonaskoelker · · Score: 1

    Really, it is (sarcastically) "Big surprise".

    The USA is a federation of little chunks more than it is one big chunk, where each chunk is free (within some limits) to govern itself.

    No surprise the little chunks make different rules.

  69. not with regards to constitutional rights... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    State laws are trumped by the U.S. Constitution. Constitutionally guaranteed rights should be respected by all state and local governments. I should not have a diminished right to privacy simply because I live in Wisconsin as opposed to New York.

  70. Re-read your history. by Benfea · · Score: 1

    "States rights" was not about what you claim, it was about slavery. The war was started over slavery. Don't take my word for it, read the writings of the people who started the secessionist movement and ran the rebellion.

  71. What if the suspect found the GPS and destroyed it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The interesting question not mentioned is what are the ramifications if the suspect finds the
    device and destroys it? Is he/she then charged with destruction of Government property?

  72. Wolves, Sheepdog, Sheeple by jeko · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I can't tell you how overjoyed I am to hear that one of our courts has remembered there are limits to police power.

    Unfortunately, the men with the uniforms and guns aren't worrying about such trivia. Have you spoken to any police officers lately? If you don't happen to work in municipal systems or security like I do, hop over to the forums at "officer.com" for an eye-opening read.

    The current meme running among police officers is "wolves, sheepdogs and sheeple." That is, the "bad guys" are wolves, cops are sheepdogs, and the civilians are sheep. Sheep are worthless, stupid and deserve to get skinned.

    The last member of a SWAT team I met told me a joke. He stomped on the ground twice and spit toward his foot. "You know what that is?" he asked. I shook my head "no." He grinned and said "cop cpr." When I asked if that was the procedure for criminals or victims, he called me a liberal fraker.

    Another cop was telling me a story, well bragging really, and a footnote to the story was that a teenage girl was injured. When I asked him why that happened, he responded in fairly rough terms that officer safety took priority over all other considerations. I told him that during my time on base, we were always told that armed men in uniform were supposed to put themselves in harm's way to protect the civilians. Again, in rather rude terms, the officer responded that he didn't care how many civilians were killed, but that he was absolutely not going to expose himself or his fellow officers to real danger.

    The court decisions are wonderful, but until we fix the broken traditions and discipline within our nation's police departments, it's an academic exercise at best.

    --
    He put his boots up on the table and made a face. "The sig," he smirked. "You can waste your life in search of the sig."
    1. Re:Wolves, Sheepdog, Sheeple by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      Gentle, introspective, intelligent people do not join the police force; even if a few do join, they will not fit in and they will not have real power.

      That's not meant as a slam against any of my friends who are police officers- it's just that they all lack one of the above characteristics. The kind of person that most slashdotters seem to want as police would probably never even consider joining the force. Need proof? How many slashdotters are signing up?

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
  73. an inquirey? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "States rights" was not about what you claim, it was about slavery. The war was started over slavery. Don't take my word for it, read the writings of the people who started the secessionist movement and ran the rebellion.

    Hello. Thank you for your thoughtful post. Might I suggest another angle and get your perspective.
     
        I might suggest that, like all of the US government, those money making plantation owners (and often, but not always, slave owners) were in bed with the government. They saw a law banning the use of their workforce as a direct threat to their livelihood, a little money changes hands, and all of a sudden the state Congress is in a tizzy! Chest thumping turns into gun rattling, sides are chosen, lines are drawn and thus, The Civil War!
     
    Caused by a bunch of arrogant morally bankrupt politicians and the wealthy constituents they represent.
     
    Was the South wrong? Absolutely! As a southerner I blame the Southern politicians for the escalation of the Civil War over what was an incredibly immoral practice. It was their war to lose. I'm just sayin' Lee didn't have to burn down every God forsaken thing on the way out.
     

    1. Re:an inquirey? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm just sayin' Lee didn't have to burn down every God forsaken thing on the way out.

      I'm confused. You're talking about Robert E. Lee, the Confederate General?

      I thought it was Grant and Sherman on the Union side who burned every God forsaken thing.

  74. The key issue is "warrantless" by cheros · · Score: 1

    I'm all for going after criminals when there is a reasonable suspicion they're up to no good. The issue is that the police has been given special powers on the condition of exercising them with discretion, and the oversight is the warrant system.

    If you remove the warrant requirement you remove the controls. That is NOT a good idea IMHO.

    --
    Insert .sig here. Send no money now. Owner may sue, contents will settle. Batteries not included.
  75. Re:ok by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

    I hope you twats are happy about this descision to let a criminal like this go free because you have some unfounded fear of GPS tracking

    What part of "the end does not justify the means" do you not understand?

    I have no problem with the state investigating, apprehending, charging, convicting and making criminals serve their time. But the methods they use must not reduce us to the level of a totalitarian police state. That's too high a price to pay for our safety and security, particularly when the crime in question -- burglary in this case -- is only about property. If this guy were a violent criminal, a stronger argument could be made, but I would hope that search warrants would be easier to obtain with respect to violent-crime suspects, thus mooting the issue.

  76. It's about cost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (Same AC as GP.)

    If it's about cost, and using a detective is ok, then what happens if detectives get cheaper? Hire a third worlder. Buy a robocop.

    Is a judge going to say that there's a minimum salary for the detective, below which is a 4th amendment violation? Hard to believe.

    BTW, I'm not really taking a contrary position to you, or advocating warrantless GPS tracking. I'm just saying that it's easy to get into places where there's no logical way to "draw the line" between what's ok and what isn't. The line is going to be some place arbitrary and citing the bill of rights isn't going to help. And that's when it'll get really fun/nasty, as people's differing opinions and goals will come into play. Everybody will be wrong (in most people's opinion).

  77. It's simple by Xaoswolf · · Score: 1

    The cop tells the judge that they misplaced their GPS unit. To find it, they started tracking it so that they could send an officer to pick it up again. And wouldn't you know it, when they went to get it, they noticed the guy was selling drugs. What a happy coincidence.

  78. A magnet is a "modification"? by sirwired · · Score: 1

    Yes, a chopper would be unlikely to peer in your windows. So would a GPS. Yes, I suppose evidence about precisely where in a garage your car was located would be excluded (if the GPS managed to pull in a signal there), but I'm having a hard time figuring out how that would be a problem for any criminal case.

    I'm also not buying your argument about sticking on a tracking device as a "modification." Meter maids use chalk to mark car tires all the time to track how long a car has been parked; is that a "modification" of your tires?

    SirWired

    1. Re:A magnet is a "modification"? by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      Meter maids use chalk to mark car tires all the time to track how long a car has been parked; is that a "modification" of your tires?

      SirWired

      If they were using the chalk to track your vehicle and where it has been, I would say yes. But that's not what a meter maid is doing it for; they're doing it to determine if your vehicle is still sitting in the same spot on a public street, not to track its movements, (other than to track it has moved from a parking space :) ).

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  79. It's almost like by geekoid · · Score: 1

    there different states.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  80. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    maxume a Liberal?
    Hahahahaha!

    Thanks, I needed a good laugh today.
    (wipes tears)

  81. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No calling you a stunted childish fuckwad with no balls would be name calling. What the above poster wrote is the truth and your reaction is pathetic.

    How you must hate the fact that reality has a liberal bias.

  82. Get outa jail free by Joebert · · Score: 1

    Why do we reverse convictions made based on evidence that was obtained illegally ?

    No matter how it was obtained, as long as it's real evidence, I don't see why that means the person who did the crime should go free because of it.
    Instead, the officer should face charges for breaking the law and they both go to jail.

    --
    Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
    1. Re:Get outa jail free by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

      Why do we reverse convictions made based on evidence that was obtained illegally ?

      Because police will use illegal evidence otherwise.

      No matter how it was obtained, as long as it's real evidence, I don't see why that means the person who did the crime should go free because of it.

      How do you determine what is "real" evidence and what might be fabricated, lies or worse, evidence obtained by serious criminality, like beating a suspect to obtain a conviction?

      Instead, the officer should face charges for breaking the law and they both go to jail.

      Doesn't happen that way. Police officers will almost never be arrested for misconduct. Has to be a stinking mess in the newspapers before that happens. As a result, what you'd get is police committing crimes to collect evidence and the protections of the Constitution being nothing but a toothless paper tiger.

      A number of police and prosecutors conspired to convict people in Illinois and knowing they were innocent still put them on trial and on death row. This went on for years until arrests were made, and the mess stank so bad the governor of Illinois had to commute over 150 death sentences. In the mean time a lot of people had their lives ruined. Expecting police misconduct to be punished doesn't help much if you end up on death row for a crime you didn't commit.

      --
      The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
    2. Re:Get outa jail free by Joebert · · Score: 1

      Yeah but you're talking about stuff in the "gray area", I'm talking about stuff like a video tape showing the person killing someone obtained through an "illegal search". Why should someone get away with murder simply because that video was obtained illegally ?

      --
      Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
  83. Modifying a vehicle without the users consent by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Isn't it illegal to modify someone else's property (i.e. attach a device to a vehicle) without the expressed consent of the owner of the vehicle or a warrant allowing the modification to take place? The only other option IMHO would be if the police had sufficient probably cause to determine that the vehicle would be used immediately in the action of a crime.

  84. Re:ok by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    some facts:

    * you do not need a warrant to follow someone
    * the police follow people as they drive all the time
    * a gps will do the same exact thing as police driving in an unmarked car following you around town

    what part about "its the same" do YOU not understand?

    if you had said something like "because its private property" you might have a point but your police state concern is hogwash.

  85. Off by a couple hundred years... by jeko · · Score: 1

    Actually, this is a 1760s liberal truth. That's an old quote from the Founding Fathers, who were quoting various philosophers before them.

    And if you're so afraid of those big mean bad men that you'll throw innocents to the wolves, then maybe your heart, conscience and courage could stand some reflection.

    --
    He put his boots up on the table and made a face. "The sig," he smirked. "You can waste your life in search of the sig."
    1. Re:Off by a couple hundred years... by tjstork · · Score: 1

      And if you're so afraid of those big mean bad men that you'll throw innocents to the wolves, then maybe your heart, conscience and courage could stand some reflection

      I'm damned already, so it doesn't matter. But I have a son and so any policy that eliminates any threat to him is a good one in my book.

      --
      This is my sig.
  86. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is just name calling. Nothing more, nothing less.

    No. Just stating my experiences. Anne Coulter comes to mind, or any things I've seen on FOX News.

    Blah blah blah more name calling.

    No, I said I feel sorry for you as -- judging by your posts -- your life is filled with anger and hate.

    I don't pity liberals at all. Things that are not human are not worth pity.

    This is a prevalent attitude amongst those who would commit genocide.

    Oh, and I'm not a liberal.

  87. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I don't pity liberals at all. Things that are not human are not worth pity.

    You, sir, have just achieved a new low in online political discourse. Anyone who spews any amount of bile, on Slashdot or in any other online forum, will be able to say when called on it, "Well, at least what I said wasn't as bad as what tjstork said!" -- and odds are they'll be right.

    Um ... congratulations, I guess.

    --
    The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
  88. Re:Parent is inaccurate by CheshireFerk-o · · Score: 1

    Obama put out a paper saying that the DEA will NOT raid anymore medical marijuana distributors/growers, actually upholding a states rights. So unless you papers arent in order you will not be raided by the DEA.

  89. Re: Legal Basis by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

    I'd like to see the full text of the opinion. The small extracts I've seen so far basically amount to "I don't like giving the police such power", which, if it were the only legal basis of the opinion, would be the worst kind of legislating-from-the-bench, and not likely to survive an appeal. Surely in 20 pages of opinion, there was an actual legal basis given for their decision. One can hope?

    The newspaper said the defendant's name was Scott Weaver. From this, if New York puts its appellate cases on-line (Virginia is one state that does), one could look up "State v. Weaver" or "People v. Weaver" (depending on how criminal cases are styled in New York) and see all the cases in 2009 that were decided with that header.

    I started with http://state.ny.us/ which translates to http://www.ny.gov/ . Right on the page is "New York State Unified Court System" Click that, then click on "How do I", click on "find a decision", clicked on "Court of Appeals", clicked on "May" and found People v. Scott C. Weaver, No. 53. The PDF and the Word Perfect document are available there at: http://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/decisions/2009/may09/53opn09.pdf and http://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/decisions/2009/may09/53opn09.wpd Indirectly I found out there is a website for the court, and somehow found the HTML version: http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2009/2009_03762.htm

    --
    The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  90. Here are the links to the text of the tecision by rfc1394 · · Score: 1
    Someone suggested that it would be nice to see the text of the decision, so with nothing more than the name of the defendant that I got from the newspaper article - Scott Weaver - I went looking on the State of New York's website for where I could find a recent case for either State v. Weaver or People v. Weaver.

    In about five minutes of clicking I found it on the decisions of the New York State Court of Appeals, People v. Scott C. Weaver:

    To confirm it was the right case, I checked the first paragraph:

    "LIPPMAN, Chief Judge:
    In the early morning hours of December 21, 2005, a State Police Investigator crept [*2]underneath defendant's street-parked van and placed a global positioning system (GPS) tracking device inside the bumper. The device remained in place for 65 days, constantly monitoring the position of the van. This nonstop surveillance was conducted without a warrant.

    --
    The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  91. Re:Parent is inaccurate by cayenne8 · · Score: 1
    "Obama put out a paper saying that the DEA will NOT raid anymore medical marijuana distributors/growers, actually upholding a states rights. So unless you papers arent in order you will not be raided by the DEA."

    Well, that was likely an 'executive order' if anything that official. And as you have seen, ANY new president can repeal any former exec. order.

    We need legal precedent, or a constitutional amendment (better) to legally define what the reach the feds DO have with respect to the interstate commerce act that affect so many things. We need this to roll back the fed power to what it should be in general...

    --
    Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
  92. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    Citation please.

    Detroit, this was where we used to build cars

    Cleveland, used to build parts for cars

    Philadelphia, Kensington, this was where we used to build ships

    Akron, tires

    I could go through every blue state in the USA, and we'd find the same story of the three stupid mistakes made over and over and over again:

    a) rampant corruption
    b) anti-business climate
    c) support for free trade

    Pretty much, you make cities a terrible place to manufacture things and have industry, and then have a national set of laws that lets people go wherever they want, and what do they do? They leave.

    --
    This is my sig.
  93. I liked one of the lines the court said: by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

    That such a surrogate technological deployment [use of a GPS tracking device] is not — particularly when placed at the unsupervised discretion of agents of the state "engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime" (Johnson v United States, 333 US 10, 14 [1948]) — compatible with any reasonable notion of personal privacy or ordered liberty would appear to us obvious. One need only consider what the police may learn, practically effortlessly, from planting a single device. The whole of a person's progress through the world, into both public and private spatial spheres, can be charted and recorded over lengthy periods possibly limited only by the need to change the transmitting unit's batteries. Disclosed in the data retrieved from the transmitting unit, nearly instantaneously with the press of a button on the highly portable receiving unit, will be trips the indisputably private nature of which takes little imagination to conjure: trips to the psychiatrist, the plastic surgeon, the abortion clinic, the AIDS treatment center, the strip club, the criminal defense attorney, the by-the-hour motel, the union meeting, the mosque, synagogue or church, the gay bar and on and on.
    — People v. Weaver, 2009 NY Slip Op 03762 http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2009/2009_03762.htm

    --
    The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  94. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    You, sir, have just achieved a new low in online political discourse.

    Cool!

    --
    This is my sig.
  95. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    No calling you a stunted childish fuckwad with no balls would be name calling. What the above poster wrote is the truth and your reaction is pathetic.

    Whose the one posting A/C?

    How you must hate the fact that reality has a liberal bias

    Would that be the "I'm just going to let GM and Chrysler go belly up so my buddies in Korea, Japan and China take over the US manufacturing base", reality bias?

    Even Reagan had the guts to tell importers to pound sand for a couple of years to give Detroit a chance to fix itself. But oh no, the great savior of the working man and his Jap car driving buddies all just stand back and watch what's left of American manufacturing get gutted...

    Way to go.

    --
    This is my sig.
  96. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    The left has been depersonalizing the right for decades. Their essential political tactic is to personalize everything. So to heck with them. If they can dish it out, they should be able to take it.

    --
    This is my sig.
  97. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So you're saying that you'd rather live in Gary, IN while I live anywhere in Denmark? You're a fucking moron. We don't have the "Fruit of the Poisoned Tree" obsession that your supreme court does, and we do a lot better in almost every way.

  98. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The left has been depersonalizing the right for decades. Their essential political tactic is to personalize everything.

    Maybe this is how you feel, there may be a grain of truth in there (although I see little evidence for it), but even so: two wrongs don't make a right.

  99. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by tjstork · · Score: 1

    Maybe this is how you feel, there may be a grain of truth in there (although I see little evidence for it), but even so: two wrongs don't make a right

    Two wrongs do not make a right, tis true. We added prescription drugs to Medicare, increased Federal spending across the board, brought the federal government into local schools, all as olive branches out to the left, and look what it bought us. Nothing. Reaching out to the left got us nothing, so there's really no point to doing it. What I don't get though, is how, after pretty much ignoring every overture from Republicans in the interest of gaining power for themselves, how Democrats expect that dictators around the world would somehow act -better-.

    --
    This is my sig.
  100. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

    You go right ahead and live on the block where 10 guilty guys went free.

    Tell you what. I'll live with the criminals, and you live in the next town over where the cops can do whatever the hell they want. I guarantee you I'll have a longer, safer life than you will. What people like you never seem to understand is that when cops don't follow the law, they're no longer serving and protecting -- they're just the biggest, toughest, meanest gang on the street.

    Funny, they said that in CSI once. A cop was talking to someone who was in a gang, and said that if he wanted to join a better gang, he should consider the police department, they have better guns. Where upon one of the CSI quips, "And dental!"

    --
    The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  101. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by rfc1394 · · Score: 1

    The problem is the Miranda Warning, 1966.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_warning

    Ed Meese was right to argue against it during the Reagan Administration.

    Isn't that the guy where they had the signs around saying, "Experts agree: Meese is a Pig"? Who are you to be arguing with the experts? :)

    --
    The lessons of history teach us - if they teach us anything - that nobody learns the lessons that history teaches us.
  102. You're shifting the argument by sirwired · · Score: 1

    Either the chalk is a "modification" to your vehicle or it isn't. I don't see how the end use of the chalk (parking space tracking vs. movement tracking) changes that.

    In the end, I just don't see how tracking the movement of your vehicle on public roads via a 'copter is fine, but tracking you with a satellite receiver isn't. Both methods have the same result, neither method involves entering your vehicle (which would be an unallowed search); one method is just far easier and cheaper.

    SirWired

  103. Making the bold assumption you are being sarcastic by sirwired · · Score: 1

    I assume you are being sarcastic...

    There is a large difference between the two situations. On the phone, if nobody is physically nearby to listen, I have a reasonable expectation of privacy. On the road, I have no reasonable expectation of privacy when it comes to the location of my vehicle, as anybody with a pair of eyes can track my car.

    SirWired

  104. Difference between the law and distrusting cops by sirwired · · Score: 1

    Your trust of the cops, and the ability of them to abuse their authority has absolutely nothing to do with the constitutionality of a particular tracking method.

    My argument is about the legality of the methods, not how creepy they make people feel. Either you have a reasonable expectation of privacy in regards to the location of your vehicle on public roads or you don't.

    To address your second point: Are you saying that if the GPS receiver cost a billion bucks, required a PhD to interpret, and required a platoon of cops to monitor (factors that would tend to decrease its use) it would magically become just fine, even though it would produce the same information from the same method? An evidence-gathering method does not become less legal just because it is cheap and easy.

    SirWired

    1. Re:Difference between the law and distrusting cops by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 1

      My argument is about the legality of the methods, not how creepy they make people feel. Either you have a reasonable expectation of privacy in regards to the location of your vehicle on public roads or you don't.

      Let's grant that you do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in that regard. It doesn't follow that the cops should have an unrestricted power to surveil the population.

      To address your second point: Are you saying that if the GPS receiver cost a billion bucks, required a PhD to interpret, and required a platoon of cops to monitor (factors that would tend to decrease its use) it would magically become just fine, even though it would produce the same information from the same method?

      Depends what you mean by "the same information," but basically, yes.

      I think you're focusing too much on the mechanisms of police surveilance and information gathering, and not nearly enough on the effects of specific surveilance practices. The issue is not what information is produced by which method; the issue is what practices do the police adopt, and what effect do those practices have on the people. If the cops use affordable GPS tracking devices to cheaply track large numbers of people that they have little cause to investigate, then some restriction must be put on them to prevent them from doing so. A reasonable restriction, which would have the desired effect, is to require a search warrant for GPS tracking.

      An evidence-gathering method does not become less legal just because it is cheap and easy.

      And again, this is just completely misframing the issue. It's not whether an evidence-gathering method is legal; it's about what evidence-gathering practices the cops should be allowed to use, and what measures will restrict them accordingly.

    2. Re:Difference between the law and distrusting cops by sirwired · · Score: 1

      Believe it or not, I'm not arguing for completely unrestricted use. I just believe that the location of a motor vehicle as it traverses public roadways is not the kind of evidence that should require a warrant to collect.

      All I'm saying in regards to the cost is that it should not a factor when deciding what restrictions are required on police power. If there are no restrictions on more "old-fashioned" methods of surveillance (tails or 'copters), then there should not be on GPS collection. To rule otherwise leads to situations such as this one, where it is a big surprise to the cops that collecting information they gathered before is now thrown out because it was collected in a new way.

      I'm of the opinion that this kind of data collection falls squarely under the "reasonable suspicion" standard (the same used for stop-n-frisks, or traffic stops with no moving violation.) I just don't think the "probable cause" threshold needed to obtain a warrant is necessary.

      SirWired

  105. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by moortak · · Score: 1
    --
    Xavier Rabourdin for president 2012
  106. Re:Parent is inaccurate by dkleinsc · · Score: 1

    Distributors and growers won't get raided now, but about 6 months ago they would have. I understand that Obama's changed that rule (good news), but that's not really a solution.

    --
    I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
  107. Re:ok by Wowlapalooza · · Score: 1

    I agree with you on a purely legal basis. I don't think GPS tracking violates the U.S. Constitution's ban on unreasonable searches and seizures. I personally find the reasoning of the Wisconsin court more persuasive than that of the New York one, and note that the New York court decision was based on its state constitution, and thus sets no precedent for the application of the Fourth Amendment to GPS tracking.

    But can't you see what a slippery slope this is? GPS tracking makes it economically and logistically feasible to track any number of individuals 24x7x365. Without any kind of judicial input or oversight, they can do this to anyone, at any time, for any reason. Maybe just because the "suspect" has unpopular views or is disfavored because of their ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation (I don't think the Civil Rights laws apply to mere surveillance, but I could be wrong on that). Perhaps you have such complete trust in law enforcement that you see no potential for abuse; pardon me for being more cynical than that.

    So, whereas from a legal perspective, there is currently nothing stopping law enforcement from proceeding down this path, I would hope that the people, and the legislatures that supposedly represent them, would move to ban or at least put strict limits on the practice.

  108. Re:That is a 1960's liberal mistake. by ppanon · · Score: 1

    read thisor the full document's google cache.

    --
    Laissez lire, et laissez danser; ces deux amusements ne feront jamais de mal au monde. - Voltaire
  109. Traditions and Discipline by jeko · · Score: 1

    I'm not arguing for campfires, Kumbayah and daisies. You won't find many "Peace, Love and Understanding" Joe Cocker-wannabes on military bases either.

    What I want is a sense of Duty and Honor restored to our police force. I want cops who believe "The Honor of the Unit Lies with Each Man." I want cops who believe they should take a bullet for innocent bystanders the way Secret Service agents are eager to take a bullet for the President. I want civilian cops to regrow the balls and pride it takes not to lie on a witness stand. I want cops with the discipline and honor to play by the same rules they enforce.

    I've known a few good men in civilian uniform, but you're right, they are vastly outnumbered by the cowardly thugs they serve with. I want to see the ghost of Marine General Butler to get in there and kick ass until those men deserve the shine on their badge again.

    Right now, I've got more respect for the discipline I've seen among LA gang kids than most cops I've known.

    --
    He put his boots up on the table and made a face. "The sig," he smirked. "You can waste your life in search of the sig."
  110. Legacies by jeko · · Score: 1

    No one's "damned already." If you're going to accept the concept of damnation, then you have to accept the concept of redemption and salvation that go with it.

    I have children of my own, sons and daughters both. Your son doesn't need this legacy. He doesn't need to be protected at the expense of Justice. He doesn't need to be shielded by corruption. He doesn't need the legacy of fear and compromise you're apparently leaving him, which he'll one day need to rise above, as I did mine.

    You want to leave your son a legacy? Walk the path as it should be walked, with the dignity and compassion it deserves, and the realization you can't escape Death, but you can choose the terms on which you meet him.

    The resignation and surrender you offer him -- "I'm already damned, it's hopeless, I'll do anything, just keep me safe" -- is a lousy inheritance.

    --
    He put his boots up on the table and made a face. "The sig," he smirked. "You can waste your life in search of the sig."