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Minor Damage Found On Space Shuttle

The BBC is reporting on minor damage to the space shuttle Atlantis revealed by a 10-hour inspection in orbit. On the shuttle's right side, near where the wing joins the body, inspection revealed a 21" (53cm) line of chips in the tiles that make up the vehicle's heat shield. "...more analysis by engineers would determine whether a 'focused inspection' was needed in that specific area. If so, astronauts would use sensors to determine the exact depth of the damage to the heat shield tiles. NASA has placed the space shuttle Endeavour on stand-by to rescue the crew of Atlantis if they are endangered." The crew couldn't shelter on the ISS in case of trouble, because their orbit is higher and on a different inclination.

34 of 233 comments (clear)

  1. So what happens.... by zonky · · Score: 5, Interesting

    .. if they launch Endeavour to rescue Atlantis, and Endeavour suffers damage at launch?

    1. Re:So what happens.... by argent · · Score: 4, Funny

      Right, we don't want to have excessive chances for success.

    2. Re:So what happens.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The astronauts pile into the less damaged orbiter and come home in it.

      Then, they get home and buy Powerball tickets, because those kinds of odds are nearly as good as winning. The Shuttle has more or less always sustained some tile damage during launch; its heat shield is replaced after every launch as it wasn't designed to be perfect (well, it originally closer to perfect when it was to be built of solid titanium, but plans change...) The damage turned out to be a significant player in Columbia's loss, as it happened that the part of the shield that was damaged was extremely critical to the proper functioning of that area.

      OTOH, here we see an almost pristine heat shield. The damage is long, but it's very narrow, likely caused by a single piece of falling debris striking in multiple locations. This isn't going to prevent them from coming home in Atlantis.

    3. Re:So what happens.... by dotancohen · · Score: 4, Funny

      .. if they launch Endeavour to rescue Atlantis, and Endeavour suffers damage at launch?

      Then they bring out the gimp.

      --
      It is dangerous to be right when the government is wrong.
    4. Re:So what happens.... by vjmurphy · · Score: 4, Funny

      ". if they launch Endeavour to rescue Atlantis, and Endeavour suffers damage at launch?"

      Then you are obviously in a Michael Bay movie, where logic and physics are thrown out the door. Mayhem, shakycam and explosions usually follow.

      --
      Vincent J. Murphy
      Spandex Justice
    5. Re:So what happens.... by bsane · · Score: 4, Informative

      buy Powerball tickets, because those kinds of odds are nearly as good as winning

      I wish that were true, but NASA's estimate on heat shield damage is 1 in 221. Two in a row are unlikely, but not unimaginable.

    6. Re:So what happens.... by dzfoo · · Score: 4, Funny

      Can they use the clone tool to erase the damage?

              -dZ.

      --
      Carol vs. Ghost
      ...Can you save Christmas?
  2. Getting to ISS by biocute · · Score: 3, Interesting

    If something goes wrong on this mission, Atlantis's astronauts will not be able to shelter on the International Space Station (ISS). The station orbits at around 350km (220 miles) above Earth, while Hubble occupies an orbit about 560km (350 miles) up.

    Can someone speculate the feasibility of "dropping" to meet ISS?

    I mean, does NASA have equipments/knowledge/training to do such maneuver?

    1. Re:Getting to ISS by thhamm · · Score: 5, Informative

      i guess it's not just dropping to another altitude. it's about changing the orbital plane, for which they don't have enough fuel.

    2. Re:Getting to ISS by Maddog+Batty · · Score: 5, Informative

      So what makes you such an expert?

      Nasa experts have looked into all of these issues and potential solutions.

      A mere couple of hundred miles is not a problem (you do know how fast the shuttle flies don't you?) Orbital mechanics is the problem. The fuel required for the shuttle to change orbits would weigh too much for it to get off the ground in the first place.

      The risks have been very carefully considered, with the mission ruled out of safety grounds for a long time. Yes, they are pushing the risks on this mission but having a back up shuttle on the pad ready to lift off in three days (you do know about this don't you?) mitigates some of the risks. That together with other changes they have made have kept the risks of a catastrophic failure below the limit set for every mission.

      --
      wot no sig
    3. Re:Getting to ISS by Maddog+Batty · · Score: 3, Informative

      Not quite right.

      The ISS is below hubble so to get to it you need to drop in height. As there is no friction in space, this change takes just as much fuel to lose potential energy as it does to gain it so it doesn't make much difference. The shuttle would also have to increase in speed a bit (from 7500m/s to 7700m/s) so energy would be required for this too. However, these two requirements are insignificant compared to the change in orbit inclination required. HSS is 28.5 degrees, ISS is 51.6 degrees. That will take a lot of fuel.

      --
      wot no sig
    4. Re:Getting to ISS by EvanED · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Don't know much about orbital mechanics, do you?

      Changing Apollo 13's course from what it was originally to a free-return course requires the merest nudge compared with the fuel required to change orbital planes like what would be required here.

      Also, consider that the LEM had enough fuel in its descent engine to slow its descent and keep from smashing into the moon and an ascent engine to get it back up (though I don't know if the ascent engine fuel is usable by the descent engine).

    5. Re:Getting to ISS by Suzuran · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The descent engine and ascent engine were entirely separate, since the entire descent stage of the LM was discarded on the moon for return. There were no interconnections between the two. That does not mean they couldn't have burned the DPS to exhaustion, staged, and then burned the APS for as long as required.

      In any event, the shuttle cannot carry enough fuel to make the orbit change required in this instance simply because the tanks aren't big enough. You can't put 500 gallons of gas in a tank that only holds 300. This is not a simple matter of flying in a line from point A to point B. Go download Orbiter and educate yourself.

    6. Re:Getting to ISS by Mr2cents · · Score: 3, Funny

      Erm.. Have you even heard about Newtons laws? If you do, could you quickly explain them to me so I can estimate your knowledge of physics? After that, I can explain further, but right now I'm a bit baffled.

      --
      "It's too bad that stupidity isn't painful." - Anton LaVey
    7. Re:Getting to ISS by Maddog+Batty · · Score: 4, Informative

      Thanks for that, Mr $0.02, that made me smile :-)

      Daveime, no I'm not an expert but I do understand the laws of physics and have read up on this. Some of what you say is correct, but a lot isn't.

      A small amount of fuel could be used to get the shuttle to visit the ISS. Unfortunately, this would be in a very elliptical orbit so they would only be able to (very) briefly wave through the window as they flew past each other at a very large differential speed before ploughing into the Earth in an unfortunately bright fireball.

      To get to the same altitude as the ISS (keeping the orbit circular) requires dropping by 210km and speeding up by 200m/s. Not in itself a great requirement on fuel. The problem is that the orbit inclinations are so different (HST is 28.5 degrees, ISS is 51.6 degrees). To make this change requires something like a 3000m/s speed change sideways (this calc is only order of magnitude accurate). This requires a lot of fuel.

      As others have stated, the current design of the shuttle has some major faults. Not being on the top of the rocket being one of them. This is not news and has been known for a long time and yes it has been taken into account in the next design (which isn't a shuttle at all).

      --
      wot no sig
    8. Re:Getting to ISS by icebrain · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Essentially, the development of adaptive optics and better control algorithms has allowed ground-based telescopes to catch up on Hubble. Plus, they have larger mirrors for more light-gathering ability, all at substantially less cost.

      What ground-based scopes can't do is analyze spectra that don't penetrate the atmosphere very well. Infrared and UV light, for example, are hard or impossible to read from the ground. Space-based telescopes are more useful there.

      Hubble development was started when we were still fooling ourselves into believing that shuttle operations would be cheap. That turned out not to be the case, and the costs of servicing launches will almost pay for a new telescope anyways. Don't expect to see any new servicable ones built until we have a truly economical manned launch vehicle.

      --
      The meek may inherit the earth, but the strong shall take the stars.
    9. Re:Getting to ISS by pnewhook · · Score: 3, Informative

      But it's not that NASA scientists "haven't thought about it". It's about beancounters deciding that their table of risk factors doesn't warrant the extra cost, and leaving no margin for error.

      No. If you work out the fuel required to move the shuttle from a docking position at Hubble to a docking position at ISS, it requires an amount of fuel that is almost equal to the weight of the entire shuttle itself. It is physically impossible and has nothing to do with the bean counters.

      But hell, why let common sense get in the way of ad hominem attacks ... this is /. after all.

      Or why let science get in the way of a good conspiracy theory?

      --
      Tesla was a genius. Edison however was a overrated hack who liked to torture puppies.
  3. Re:doh. by earlymon · · Score: 5, Informative

    Roger that.

    FWIW, you can get a lot of mission info while it happens, even if you don't have satellite TV - http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html

    --
    Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
  4. Not a concern - More info here by Maddog+Batty · · Score: 5, Informative

    More info here: http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts125/090512fd2/index5.html

    "And Scooter, also I've got some good news about the tile damage that we saw on the starboard chine area earlier today," astronaut Alan Poindexter radioed from mission control shortly after 8 p.m.

    "Oh, I'm looking forward to that. Go ahead," replied shuttle commander Scott "Scooter" Altman.

    "It turns out that a focussed inspection of that area on the starboard chine is not going to be required," Poindexter reported.

    "All right, you've got some happy EVA campers on that," Altman said.

    --
    wot no sig
    1. Re:Not a concern - More info here by dzfoo · · Score: 5, Funny

      "And Scooter, also I've got some good news about the tile damage that we saw on the starboard chine area earlier today," astronaut Alan Poindexter radioed from mission control shortly after 8 p.m.

      "Oh, I'm looking forward to that. Go ahead," replied shuttle commander Scott "Scooter" Altman.

      "It turns out that a focussed inspection of that area on the starboard chine is not going to be required," Poindexter reported.

      "All right, you've got some happy EVA campers on that," Altman said.

      "Yeah, don't worry about the inspection, you don't have to go out, really.", Poindexter continued, "and, uh, whatever you guys do, don't look out the window."

      "Copy tha--er what??" replied Commander Altman.

      "Right, just... focus on the mission. Oh hey, Altam, your wife is here, she'd like to say goodb--uh, hello."

      --
      Carol vs. Ghost
      ...Can you save Christmas?
  5. What would happen to Atlantis? by yogibaer · · Score: 3, Interesting

    So in case of any real damage, Endeavor blasts off (piloted by a 2 Astronaut crew?), all the Astronauts on board Atlantis pack their bags and take a seat in the other shutlle and live happily ever after, which is most important of all. But what would happen to Atlantis in that case? You obviously can't tow it or land it by remote, but leaving such a large object in a (decaying) orbit could cause a lot of trouble. So what would they do? Send it to the moon à la "Space Cowboys" or give it a gentle but controlled kick, letting it crash and burn up in the atmosphere?

    1. Re:What would happen to Atlantis? by EvanED · · Score: 5, Informative

      I read some article that said it was the latter -- putting it into a suicide path into the ocean.

      See this AP article:

      In the event of an abandoned ship, Atlantis would be given self-destruct instructions, to ensure it would not fall back to Earth in a populous area.

      NASA, said Jeffs, would direct it into landing maneuvers to crash somewhere in the Pacific Ocean.

  6. Re:Where's the U.S. news media? by EvanED · · Score: 3, Informative

    It's been on the front page of CNN.com since the afternoon. Here's the story.

    Searching "shuttle" on msnbc.com and foxnews.com shows that both of them are carrying the story too, though neither site has it "above the fold" right now.

  7. What I wonder... by Angstroem · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Is this really a new development that the Shuttle gets increasingly fragile or is it just the fact that since Columbia it gets checked extra carefully and therefore revealing what before just went unnoticed?

    1. Re:What I wonder... by Maddog+Batty · · Score: 4, Informative

      The latter. The photos and laser scans made of the chips have been made with an inspection boom which is now carried on the shuttle to make these inspections post Columbia.

      Normally (again post Columbia) the shuttle does a back flip when arriving at the ISS so that dinks can be photographed by the ISS. On this trip, this obviously isn't possible.

      Oh and past shuttle flights have had far far worse damage than this which is minor.

      --
      wot no sig
  8. Speculation by MichaelSmith · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Maybe NASA could build a capsule small enough to put into the shuttle through the side hatch. One crew member initiates re-entry then rides out aero braking inside the capsule. If the spacecraft burns up the capsule falls into the air. Parachutes open automatically.

    As far as I know the pilot is only needed to manually deploy landing gear. Everything else can be automatic or remotely operated.

  9. Re:Where's the U.S. news media? by dotancohen · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Haven't seen any stories on the U.S. news websites.

    Then why all the bitching that /. is too US-centric? Or is "News for nerds" not a news website?

    By the way, opening yahoo news it was right on top:
    http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20090513/ts_alt_afp/usspaceastronomyhubble;_ylt=Aj3NU3nOc4iB6txwGUCXG3wPLBIF

    --
    It is dangerous to be right when the government is wrong.
  10. This begs the question by blind+biker · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Have Rockets Run Their Course?"

    --
    "The agriculture ministry is not in charge of Gundam" - Japanese ministry official.
    1. Re:This begs the question by Hynee · · Score: 3, Informative

      No, this begged the question "Has the reentry-vehicle-not-above-the-cryogenic-launch-vehicle configuration run its course". This was answered by the investigation into the 2003 Columbia accicdent, which concluded that the shuttle, the only vehicle to use this configuration, was flawed and experimental. It is vulnerable to the type of damage seen in STS-125, which is unnaceptable, so they are retiring the shuttles.

      Rockets are fine, but the reentry vehicle must be above the rocket, because (a) the rocket is likely to throw off either frozen water or insulation at speeds that could damage the orbiter, and (b) you need to be able to pull away from the rocket at any time during launch in case of emergency.

      --
      Damn, I already moderated this topic. Now I'll have to log in with my sock puppet to comment.
  11. Re:Why can't you land it by remote/autopilot? by vlm · · Score: 5, Informative

    I think the best solution would be if Atlantis could be brought back by autopilot. If the damage is marginal (that is they THINK it might destroy the shuttle but are not sure) then bringing it back unmanned would give you the possibility (if the damage is survivable) of recouping your billion dollar plus investment.

    Won't work. The landing spots are generally near the takeoff spots. The takeoff spots were located so if it blows up on takeoff, the parts rain down on the dolphins and whales. Unfortunately (?) when it comes in to land, it arrives from the opposite direction, and no one selected landing sites that are empty to the west. Unfortunately gets a ? mark because back in the 70s when the shuttle was going to do everything for everyone, everywhere, it was occasionally claimed it would be able to land on commercial runways... so if you're coming in a bit short, just land at colorado international airport. That, along with most of the vehicles abilities, was all cut during development to save money.

    The astronauts may have lobbied to keep NASA from giving the shuttles the ability to land themselves (or via ground control) in an attempt to keep pilots from being made irrelevant. (Throwback to test-pilot days I guess).

    Based on the faulty assumption that all pilots do is keep it straight and level and wait as patiently as the plane lands. The whole point of decades of training for airline pilots and astronauts is for them to fully understand each little bit of the A/C and how to work when it breaks. They know their vehicle like a kernel hacker knows his kernel.

    So, say the exhaust temperature of one APU is fluctuating. If the computer could "do something" to fix it, it would. The humans job is to invent new ideas of troubleshooting and fixing. Flip that switch see what happens, try this maneuver. The stuff the Apollo 13 guys did is not amazing or unlikely or lucky, despite what the general public thinks, it is in fact exactly what they were supposed to do...

    Think of that Canadian pilot whom invented a way to put a jetliner in a slip to lose altitude to land at an abandoned military field when the plane ran out of gas because of metric/imperial issues.

    Thats why you have humans onsite, in the loop.

    --
    "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
  12. Re:I have the fail-safe solution to these problems by xp · · Score: 3, Funny

    This is going to hurt its blue book value though.
    --
    Feeling slow today?

  13. Re:Why can't you land it by remote/autopilot? by huge · · Score: 3, Informative

    Think of that Canadian pilot whom invented a way to put a jetliner in a slip to lose altitude to land at an abandoned military field when the plane ran out of gas because of metric/imperial issues.

    I take that as an reference to Gimli Glider, a story that anybody interested about aviation should read. Another good example of having a human in the loop was 2003 shootdown in Baghdad.

    --
    -- Reality checks don't bounce.
  14. Re:Rescue Logic by Maddog+Batty · · Score: 4, Insightful

    http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts125/090508sts400/

    "When we made the decision, the odds were 1-in-473 that we would have a problem on the shuttle for which a rescue shuttle was the solution," Griffin said. "Now, there are a lot of problems you can have on the shuttle, right? There are a lot of ways you can die on the shuttle, which is what gives you the overall shuttle PRA (probabilistic risk assessment) of about 1-in-75 or so. So you're roughly five-and-a-half, six times likelier to die on the shuttle for some reason that the backup shuttle can't save you from than you are to die from one the backup shuttle can save you from. ... From a statistical point of view, it makes no real sense to have a backup shuttle.

    "However, here's the flip side. ... Those numbers cannot be explained to politicians or the general public. And should we have a failure with those 1-in-473 or whatever odds it was, should we have a failure that the rescue shuttle could have saved you from and we had not done it, the consequence to NASA would have been incalculable. We would appear to have been cavalier with human life, we would appear to have not taken every possible precaution, we would appear to have been coldly calculating the odds and rolling the dice with people's lives. And the appearance of behaving that way, in my judgment, was unacceptable. I could not risk that for NASA."

    While the overall risk of impact damage is about three times higher for a Hubble mission than a flight to the International Space Station, it is not as bad as flight planners initially feared.

    "We know we're accepting a little higher risk for this flight," Steve Stich, manager of the orbiter project office at the Johnson Space Center, said in an interview. "That's why we've tracked it very carefully."

    Even factoring in debris from a satellite collision in February between a defunct Russian Cosmos satellite and an Iridium telephone relay station, the mean odds of a catastrophic impact during the Hubble mission are on the order of 1-in-229, which is well below the 1-in-200 threshold that requires an executive-level decision by NASA's leadership.

    A preliminary analysis put the odds at 1-in-185, but the numbers improved after recent radar observations and consideration of the shuttle's orientation in space during the Hubble mission. The planned orientation, or attitude timeline, reduces the crew's exposure to impacts that could damage critical areas of the ship's heat shield, the coolant loops in the shuttle's cargo bay door radiators and cockpit windows.

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    wot no sig
  15. Re:I have the fail-safe solution to these problems by Cyberax · · Score: 3, Insightful

    "I don't know that there's enough fuel on the shuttle to bring it down to a geosynchronous orbit. They have oms thrusters, good for changing altitude on a mission and maintaining their orbit, but not dropping so much speed."

    WTF?????

    Geosynchronous orbit is about 36000 kilometers, while Shuttle's orbit is about 300 kilomterers, AFAIR.

    In any case, going UP won't help you a bit (you'll still be in an inertial orbit). You need to _reduce_ your speed essentially to zero.

    That means you have to expend _the_ _same_ _amount_ of fuel that was required to lift the Shuttle in the first place.

    And that's completely impossible with chemical fuels.