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G.M. Opens Its Own Battery Research Laboratory

Al writes "Bankrupt automaker G.M. has taken a significant step towards reinventing itself by opening a battery laboratory in Michigan on a site that once churned out internal combustion engines. The new facility lets G.M. engineers simulate all kinds of conditions to determine how long batteries will last once they're inside its vehicles. Battery packs are charged and discharged while being subjected to high and low temperatures as well as extremes of humidity. Engineers can also simulate different altitudes by placing the packs in barometric chambers. The facility has also been designed so that engineers located in New York and Germany and at the University of Michigan can perform experiments remotely. Despite its financial troubles, G.M. has committed to producing the Volt and is already working on second- and third-generation battery technology at the new lab."

43 of 173 comments (clear)

  1. I never thought... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...I'd own part of a battery research laboratory!

    1. Re:I never thought... by SEWilco · · Score: 4, Funny

      So you didn't expect the battery inquisition?

    2. Re:I never thought... by Chabo · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Sure is nice that you spent your money on SUVs for the last eight years, that they didn't have any financial incentive to do research like this.

      --
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    3. Re:I never thought... by Rufty · · Score: 2, Funny

      No, it was a shock.

      --
      Red to red, black to black. Switch it on, but stand well back.
    4. Re:I never thought... by FiloEleven · · Score: 2, Informative

      The banks who have repaid TARP funds mostly consist of the banks that were strong-armed into taking the money in the first place. They've been itching to get rid of it since they took it, and they tried to give it back months ago but were told that they couldn't, because "then consumers would know which banks are fnord insolvent, and that would cause a crisis." Why the government changed their tune I don't know, but I would not be surprised if we don't see much more than twice what we've recovered so far (around $60 billion IIRC) because the banks who have yet to pay the money back are the ones who won't be able to.

      Also keep in mind that TARP is worded to allow $750 billion worth of bailout at once. That is, as soon as money starts coming back in, it can be pushed right back out the door again. This is why I'm skeptical that they are using the conventional definition of "profit."

      Regarding the bill for all of this, it's on its way as either tax increases if we're lucky or a drop in purchasing power if we're not. The third option, to stop spending ridiculous amounts of money overseas and on defense (read: offense) and use that money to pay off the debt, well...that's just not supported by the people in power.

  2. Oh really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I'd like to make a safe bet that this research lab is going to be used exclusively to butter up Congress with tours for more bailout money.

    1. Re:Oh really? by dammy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      We don't call GM Government Motors for nothing! I expect to see large Government matching funds on down payments for Volts to counter the 50% increase we are going to see on the Cap and Trade scam. Guess the Cap and Trade is the secret weapon for the Volt, the national power grid couldn't handle that type of additional load of Volts being plugged in unless the demand for power dropped by equal amount because people can't their power bills.

    2. Re:Oh really? by SydShamino · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Guess the Cap and Trade is the secret weapon for the Volt, the national power grid couldn't handle that type of additional load of Volts being plugged in unless the demand for power dropped by equal amount because people can't their power bills.

      Read?
      Pay?
      Eat?
      Fondle?

      The power grid has baseline generation, and then supplemental generation. Increasing off-peak usage might cause some supplemental generators to remain on all night, sure. But with a more balanced day/night load, it would make more sense to bring online more baseline generation, which in general is more energy efficient and cleaner, too.

      And if the grid can handle mid-day August, it can handle charging Volts at night. I'd have no problem requiring houses with car power stations to be Smart Grid capable, so their use can be cycled off in the rare case that too many people try to recharge their cars in the afternoon.

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    3. Re:Oh really? by Artifex · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I'd like to make a safe bet that this research lab is going to be used exclusively to butter up Congress with tours for more bailout money.

      I suspect that, myself. GM already had at least one battery research facility; Charlie Rose was taken on a tour of it, LAST YEAR.

      http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/9226 (Part 1, or maybe it was in Part 2)

      --
      Get off my launchpad!
  3. Back to step 1. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    GM was so far ahead of everyone else with the EV1. Sure it was a money loser, but had they kept that line of cars around in limited production they could have worked out all sorts of problems with mass producing electric cars and they would have owned all the patents and know how in the area for 20 years. Instead, they killed the program, dumped all the IP they gained from it and went back to building SUV's and pickup trucks.

    Insane.

    1. Re:Back to step 1. by afidel · · Score: 4, Informative

      They looked at the EV-1 as a solution to a legislative (not economic) problem. Once they got California to back down on the zero emission requirement and bought federal laws that said noone could be more restrictive than California they figured there was little need to keep the program around. Since 51+% of passenger vehicles sold were light trucks and SUV's I would say their reasoning was fairly sound.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    2. Re:Back to step 1. by SEWilco · · Score: 2, Insightful

      So instead of losing money on the EV1, they built other money losing cars.

    3. Re:Back to step 1. by MrLogic17 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Exactly.

      A question for the conspiracy theory crowd:
      If the was so much demand for an electric car back in the 90's, why did GM, Ford, Honda, and Toyota all end production? If there's money to be made selling 100% electric cars, why didn't someone, somewhere on this very large globe make them - thus making a killing being the only supplier?

      At the very least, why hasn't someone made a fortune refurbing used cars into electric?

      My theory is that it's the same reason my laptop dies after about 60 minutes....

    4. Re:Back to step 1. by lavacano201014 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You forget to charge it?

      --
      A wise man once said, "Where is my other quotation mark?
    5. Re:Back to step 1. by Chabo · · Score: 2, Funny

      A question for the conspiracy theory crowd:
      If the was so much demand for an electric car back in the 90's

      [starts singing]
      Who keeps back the electric car? Who makes Steve Guttenberg a star? We do! We do!

      --
      Convert FLACs to a portable format with FlacSquisher
    6. Re:Back to step 1. by Dr.+Evil · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If his notebook is from the 90's, the battery cost well over $100 and it would be a fluke if it held any charge at all.

      There are plenty of cars from the 90's, many of them worth less than the replacement cost of a battery for his notebook computer.

      If that's too vague, I think what we're trying to say is that battery technology was *REALLY BAD* in the early to mid 90's

    7. Re:Back to step 1. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      If there's money to be made selling 100% electric cars, why didn't someone, somewhere on this very large globe make them - thus making a killing being the only supplier?

      1) GM didn't actually sell them. They came up with some horrible stupid and mangled "you can only lease this car" scheme.
      2) GM only made the car available in a very small amount of markets and even those people who lived in the market never heard about it.
      3) The patents for the large automotive NiMH batteries that would be used for such cars had it's controlling stake bought out by an oil company. It doesn't take a conspiracy to see that an oil company isn't going to let their business dry up.

      At the very least, why hasn't someone made a fortune refurbing used cars into electric?

      Because no one except on a huge scale, and even then it's hard, can buy Cobasys' NiMH batteries?

      Finally, it's amusing to hear two big executives at GM commenting on how canceling the EV1 was actually one of the biggest mistakes that GM made if we are to believe you and the GP.

      According to former GM Chairman and CEO Rick Wagoner, his worst decision of his tenure at GM was "axing the EV1 electric-car program and not putting the right resources into hybrids. It didnâ(TM)t affect profitability, but it did affect image."[17] Wagoner repeated this assertion during an NPR interview after the December 2008 Senate hearings on the U.S. auto industry bailout request.[18]

      According to the March 13, 2007, issue of Newsweek, "GM R&D chief Larry Burns . . . now wishes GM hadn't killed the plug-in hybrid EV1 prototype his engineers had on the road a decade ago: 'If we could turn back the hands of time,' says Burns, 'we could have had the Chevy Volt 10 years earlier.'"[19]

    8. Re:Back to step 1. by Ethanol-fueled · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That's the point, I'd hoped that people would provide more information instead of just wasting space like you and I just did.

      THIS IS WHY WE CANT HAVE NICE THINGS.

    9. Re:Back to step 1. by TClevenger · · Score: 2, Interesting

      They looked at the EV-1 as a solution to a legislative (not economic) problem. Once they got California to back down on the zero emission requirement and bought federal laws that said noone could be more restrictive than California they figured there was little need to keep the program around. Since 51+% of passenger vehicles sold were light trucks and SUV's I would say their reasoning was fairly sound.

      Actually, that's not quite true.

      The mandate came about because of the EV1. GM showed California that an electric car was feasible, and California decided to start mandating manufacturers to produce them. This caused GM to panic and do everything in their power to shut down the EV1 program.

      Interesting, BTW, that GM is planning their own battery research facility. One of the reasons the EV1 was so expensive was that GM's partially-owned subsidiary parts manufacturers (Delco and Delphi) insisted that they be allowed to develop and manufacture the parts of the car (controller, motor, batteries) that GM had already sourced elsewhere for much lower cost. Rather than using better quality and cheaper batteries from elsewhere, the original EV1s came off the assembly line using essentially custom-built one-offs from GM's suppliers.

    10. Re:Back to step 1. by MrLogic17 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Sure, dealerships make money on maintenance - but the auto makers don't. The manufacturers make their money on the car & the financing division of their companies. (At least that's the way it worked before it got nationalized...)

      I stand by my premise - if an electric car could be mass-marketed, why hasn't it? What hasn't there been a Tesla or Coda popping up every few years since the EV1 died? Someone, somewhere, is going to be greedy enough to want to make money selling them - even if they don't make a penny after the initial sale.

      Surely, some place on earth the patents for these wonderful large NiCads don't apply (China maybe?) - and "bootleg" batteries could be made & used locally. We just haven't seen that happening. That makes me think that even with a couple decades of work, batteries are just now getting good enough to do the job.

      Don't get me wrong - I'd love to have a long-range electric car. I drove an EV1, and loved the low end torque, quiet ride, and application of lots of cool technology. I also managed to drain the battery in 10 minutes by flooring it launching off of each stop.

  4. I'm not impressed...no need for research... by PalmKiller · · Score: 4, Funny

    China makes lithium batteries that can release large amounts of energy all at once...the fireballs are spectacular.

    1. Re:I'm not impressed...no need for research... by Chris+Burke · · Score: 2, Funny

      Awesome! Then all we need to do is devise a system whereby these batteries are loaded into a cylinder, compressed, exploded, and the force of the explosion used to drive the cylinder piston and perform the other stages of the process in the other cylinders. Then we could build a bunch of battery stations where you go to fill up your batter tank with fresh batteries. The earth is saved!

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
  5. This lab has been there for years by Mr.Zuka · · Score: 5, Informative

    This lab has been there for some time.
    I saw it on PBS comparing the old EV1 battery to the new Volt pack.
    Apparently it was recorded in 2005.
    http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1046766/

  6. Re:Financing? by swb · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'm sorry, but you misspelled "the money they're fleecing from the taxpayers."

  7. Ultracapacitors by ickleberry · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Batteries are a dirty, nasty hard to recycle oldschool technology that dies after a few 100 charges, or maybe a few thousand if you're lucky. More research into ultracaps is needed - using better nano-tech to increase the surface area, testing of ultracapacitor-based systems and that sort of thing.

    1. Re:Ultracapacitors by Nautical+Insanity · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Umm...what batteries are you referring to that are dirty, nasty, and hard-to-recycle? Lead-acid batteries, sure, I'll grant that. But that's not what is being proposed for electric cars.

      This http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/03/tesla-electric-car-batteries-non-toxic-recycled.php is closer to it.

      With regards to life, I recall hearing that the newest generation of lithium batteries last far more cycles than your laptop's battery, though I cannot provide a link at the moment.

      As for ultracapacitors, yes they're neat and could work. But the battery tech we have now is much closer to reality than our current ultracapacitor tech. Should ultracapacitors work out, we'll be grateful we started building the infrastructure to support our battery-powered cars.

  8. Re:Financing? by phantomfive · · Score: 3, Interesting

    In all honesty, if we end up spending $100 billion and end up with some amazing battery technology as a result, I will consider it worth it. Better than a lot of the other trillions we've been throwing around.

    --
    Qxe4
  9. Not really that important... by Ceseuron · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I'm not seeing how this story or any other story about GM and their "Volt" is noteworthy. The Volt is not a marvel of engineering. It's not innovative. It's the same crappy "hybrid" concept that every other auto maker has tried to push. The Volt only goes 40 miles on a charge before rolling over to the gas engine. And at the nearly $40,000 price point, why bother buying it? If you spent a bit more money, you can buy a Tesla Model S, priced at about $50,000 (assuming you can get the rebate). The Model S doesn't even have a gasoline engine, goes over 7 times farther than the Volt on a single charge, can go from 0 to 60 in under 6 seconds, and looks a hell of a lot better than the Volt IMO.

    If GM uses this new laboratory to produce cars with no gasoline engine (all electric), I'm on board. But if they use it to push this ridiculous Volt and other similar hybrids onto the market, it'll be just another waste of our taxpayer dollars.

    1. Re:Not really that important... by myth24601 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      *That* is why GM is bankrupt.

      No it is not. GM went bankrupt because Government and the UAW. Government foisted CAFE mileage standards on them that forced them to build and sell cars that they couldn't make money on and retarded their ability to sell larger cars and trucks that they were better and building. UAW has a MONOPOLY on all labor for the big 3 and forced them into higher labor costs and kept them from importing the smaller cars that their European subsidiary already produced (now the Govt. is trying to sell off those subsidiaries on the condition that they never export the cars to the USA).

      If Congress wants to make a bold move to save the domestic car companies, they should eliminate CAFE and outlaw the UAW monopoly on labor.

      --
      No matter where you go, there you are.
  10. scuttled by Chevron by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Read up on the Toyota RAV4EV electric vehicle first sold in the US in 1997. It was based on the RAV4 body and could travel 120 miles per charge.

    The RAV4EV was sold direct to consumers in 2002 in California and cost $33,000 after rebates.

    The car was discontinued when Chevron gained rights to NiMH battery patents and forced Toyota to stop producing them for their cars.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rav4ev

    1. Re:scuttled by Chevron by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      from the same wikipedia article:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rav4ev

      Whether or not Toyota wanted to continue production, it was unlikely to be able to do so, because the EV-95 battery was no longer available. Chevron had inherited control of the worldwide patent rights for the NiMH EV-95 battery when it merged with Texaco, which had purchased them from General Motors. Chevron's unit won a $30,000,000 settlement from Toyota and Panasonic, and the production line for the large NiMH batteries was closed down and dismantled. This case was settled in the ICC International Court of Arbitration, and not publicised due to a gag order placed on all parties involved.[1][2] Only smaller NiMH batteries, incapable of powering an electric vehicle or plugging in, are currently allowed by Chevron-Texaco.

  11. Government Motors is investing in itself! by elkto · · Score: 2, Funny

    Government Motors is investing in itself
    I wonder if they are eligible for any tax credits.

  12. Our last $800 billion bought us... by Burning1 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Very true... Our last $800 billion only bought us a bunch of dead Arabs.

  13. I don't like the odds by Nerdposeur · · Score: 2, Insightful

    In all honesty, if we end up spending $100 billion and end up with some amazing battery technology as a result, I will consider it worth it. Better than a lot of the other trillions we've been throwing around.

    Yes, IF. On the other hand, maybe GM will produce mediocre batteries, but will use its government subsidy to undercut and crush a great battery-producing startup. Or maybe batteries are a dead end, and fuel cells are the answer, but GM/Congress are not astute enough to figure it out.

    Why are we betting on a proven loser? Why not just create an X-Prize for energy storage and let the best company win?

    1. Re:I don't like the odds by geekoid · · Score: 2, Funny

      You do know financial institution are starting to pay that back, right? Do you understand that until they do, they fall under TARP rules; which they hate?

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  14. Fixed that for you... by tlambert · · Score: 5, Informative

    Fixed that for you...

    "Sure is nice that you spent your money on SUVs for the last eight years, that they didn't have any short term financial incentive to do research like this."

    Maybe if they thought a little longer term and remembered "the energy crisis" from 1973 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis as they were designing their vehicles, people would want to buy them now.

    Or maybe if GM hadn't discontinued the EV1 in 199 and then taken all the EV1's and crushed them in 2003 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_EV1, they'd have something to sell that people want to buy.

    Or maybe if instead of discontinuing them in 2001, they still sold Suzuki G10 XFi engine based Chevy Sprints / Geo Metros which got 51MPG highway, 43 MPg city, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki_Cultus, they'd have non-hybrid cars that exceeded the new CAFE standards already.

    GM had the products and manufacturing capability for success in the current economy, but they squandered it all on short term thinking, like investments in GMAC (which got about 7% of last Novembers TARP bailout money after declaring itself a bank, or $5 billion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMAC).

    -- Terry

    1. Re:Fixed that for you... by Chabo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      There's some interest in small cars with small engines in the US, but you've got to admit that it isn't that substantial. Small cars sell in Europe and Japan, but larger cars sell in the US. A large part of this is due to perceptions of safety; your family will be perfectly safe if they're encased by a 4-ton steel cage.

      The Top 10 Best-Selling Cars of 2008
      * Ford F-Series: 515,513
      * Chevy Silverado: 465,065
      * Toyota Camry: 436,617
      * Honda Accord: 372,789
      * Toyota Corolla: 351,007
      * Honda Civic: 339,289
      * Nissan Altima: 269,668
      * Chevy Impala: 265,840
      * Dodge Ram: 245,840
      * Honda CR-V: 197,279

      Three large trucks, and a crossover SUV make the list. Notice also that the Accord outsells the Civic, and the Camry outsells the Corolla. Large cars sell.

      Personally, I believe that maneuverability is more important to safety than structural integrity, so my personal choice for less than $50k would be a Lotus Elise, but I don't have kids, and I realize I'm not in the majority.

      --
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    2. Re:Fixed that for you... by shipofgold · · Score: 2, Insightful

      There's some interest in small cars with small engines in the US, but you've got to admit that it isn't that substantial. Small cars sell in Europe and Japan, but larger cars sell in the US. A large part of this is due to perceptions of safety; your family will be perfectly safe if they're encased by a 4-ton steel cage.

      A large part of that is the price of gasoline. Safety is a convenient excuse, but money talks....Europe and Asia have had gasoline selling for over US $6.00 per gallon (EUR 1.30 per liter) for years. Witness what happened last year when gasoline touched US $4.00 in the USA: small cars were flying off the shelf. This year gas is back down to $2.50 and the small cars aren't so hot any more. Government policy/taxation is what drives the small/large car decision.

    3. Re:Fixed that for you... by Chabo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think another large factor dealing heavily into the American preference for large cars besides safety:

      Europe is fairly cramped, overall. Citizens live in dense cities and towns, and drive on narrow roads that were once oxcart paths or cobblestone streets, and small cars are easy to maneuver in these situations. Since this isn't really an issue in most of the US, we prefer to buy larger cars so we can have more legroom, and ride in greater comfort. Performance aside, given the choice between a Golf or a Passat in Europe, I'd take the Golf, but I'd take the Passat in the U.S.

      Gas prices factor in somewhat, but most people don't often base a car choice on that alone.

      --
      Convert FLACs to a portable format with FlacSquisher
  15. Now actually take it in a positive direction... by Romancer · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Now actually take it in a positive direction for once.

    Many companies have these testing facilities for green sources of energy. How about you do something novel for once.

    Make the battery discharging a lot more real world and practicle. Have them discharge to the power grid.

    Have it help the plant at least by powering some lights or machines when you discharge the energy instead of creating waste heat in simple electrically resistive or mechanical resistance dummy loads.

    Rant/
    Show us that you can actually think on your own in front of the others and you'll get some respect. Or keep following the pack in the back and get left behind for dead. It's the little decisions that got you here, the ones that unnervingly followed the most greedy and predictable paths that lead to the american people finally being forced to give your company money. Not for a product that was better or a service that they chose over others. You got the money because we hate seeing our symbols fail. The ones that are supposed to prove that America can produce the best because of our market and our freedoms. So instead of seeing it fail, we nail the coffin closed ourselves by proving that if a business can't earn the market share, the government will buy 60% and keep it alive rather than admit that it has failed. /Rant

    --


    ) Human Kind Vs Human Creation
    ) It'd be interesting to see how many humans would survive to serve us.
    1. Re:Now actually take it in a positive direction... by spinozaq · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It doesn't say it in this article, so I can't RTFA you ;) but in others that I've read it's stated that 90% of the energy goes back into the grid. The plant itself is very "green".

  16. They Already HAD a Battery Tech that worked by cc_pirate · · Score: 3, Interesting

    And they sold it to Exxon Mobil, who buried it and laughed all the way back to their oilfields.

    --

    "There are laws that enslave men, and laws that set them free. " - Sean Connery as King Arthur

  17. Why not have GM go into the Battery lease Business by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    When you buy your EV car, you don't OWN the battery, you lease it for a small periodic fee. GM would have to make it so these batteries can easily be removed and new ones replaced. Not unlike a simple docking system. You pull into a participating "gas" station, now eventually could be called a "Battery Replacement" station. A motorist pulls into station, pays a small and reasonable "battery replacement" fee, a new one is popped in, and away they go. The dead battery is then placed on a charger, powered by wind, Sun, or even the Grid.

    Station owners would have to arrange for even distribution of batteries throughout the network of Charging stations. Look at http://betterplace.com for details on an outfit already doing this, who already has a head start, and lots of money to work with.

    Car makers and Battery pack makers have to come up with a STANDARD docking system so ALL car makers can use the same configuration.

    GM now leases these batteries to the car owner, and also to the charging stations. GM would also have to setup a battery reclamation service to take back used batteries, renovate them (if possible) or dispose of them in a clean environmental way.

    Not only that, but enterprising individuals can also build coin operated charging stations, place them in rest areas, street parking, company parking lots, or anyplace where people need to park their cars. They park their car, go to a credit card or coin machine, pick the space (or charge station number), pay and plug in.

    We need to start building up our infrastructure, and phat cat investors should start investing in small enterprising individuals to start building them. Engineering wise, they are simple to build. Power enters in through a metal conduit, a coin or credit operated switch is then used to power an outlet. Parker comes in, plops in about $3 for 3 hours of charging time, does their shopping, and comes back to a fully charged "Volt" or whatever they plan to drive.

    Someone needs to tell GM about this idea, and get them to start thinking of helping build our renewable energy economy.

    John