Slashdot Mirror


Junior-Sized Supernova Discovered By New York Teen

Matt_dk writes "In November 2008, Caroline Moore, a 14-year-old student from upstate New York, discovered a supernova in a nearby galaxy, making her the youngest person ever to do so. Additional observations determined that the object, called SN 2008ha, is a new type of stellar explosion, 1000 times more powerful than a nova but 1000 times less powerful than a supernova. Astronomers say that it may be the weakest supernova ever seen."

35 of 154 comments (clear)

  1. It's misquoted by ErikTheRed · · Score: 4, Funny

    Astronomers say that it may be the weakest supernova ever seen.

    What actually happened is that the astronomers were told that a 14-year-old child found a supernova that they'd all missed, and they groaned "Oh, that's weak!"

    --

    Help save the critically endangered Blue Iguana
    1. Re:It's misquoted by KevinKnSC · · Score: 5, Funny

      It bothers me that /. editors missed the obvious headline "Junior-Sized Supernova Discovered by Junior-Sized Astronomer."

    2. Re:It's misquoted by alexj33 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Or male. Didn't any of you read the post?

  2. No light pollution there by the_arrow · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It seems like this kid didn't have to worry about light pollution.

    --
    / The Arrow
    "How lovely you are. So lovely in my straightjacket..." - Nny
    1. Re:No light pollution there by bloosqr · · Score: 2, Informative

      Your post got me curious if this was true or not (whether looking from the botttom of a well would allow one to see stars) as its much more intuitive to have the lens be the primary mechanism for telescope than simply the tube. I don't think it is. Snopes actually has an article on whether this is true and under what conditions could one even hypothesize it is true:

      http://www.snopes.com/science/well.asp

    2. Re:No light pollution there by literaldeluxe · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Standing in a 10m-deep well in the middle of a bright day you will see a piece of night sky, with stars and all, when you look up

      I have trouble believing that. Light scatters in the atmosphere; it's not just coming at you in straight lines from each source. Standing in a well doesn't change the fact that the bright, scattered light from the sun or terrestrial sources will reach your eyes and make it impossible to see faint objects. Reducing the amount of peripheral, direct light will improve the situation, but I doubt it will have enough of an impact to be noticeable, and certainly not enough to see "night sky, with stars and all" on a sunny day.

    3. Re:No light pollution there by Darth_brooks · · Score: 3, Informative

      That's because she was using a telescope - even a small one negates the problem. Just like observing the sky from the bottom of a well. Standing in a 10m-deep well in the middle of a bright day you will see a piece of night sky, with stars and all, when you look up (well, except when you're on the equator and it's exactly the midday, but that's a corner case of sorts).

      [[citation needed]]

      Standing at the bottom of a well doesn't magically make the sky dark at midday. Other than a few very bright objects (Venus, maybe Jupiter, maybe the ISS, if it happens to path over the small swatch of sky you could see), I strongly doubt that you'll see anything other than blue sky. I've yet to read a convincing argument (or better, see a convincing picture) that proves the "bottom of a well" hypothesis any better than the "airplane on a treadmill" problem.

      The closest explanation I've heard would be that, when viewing at dusk, your eyes would be better adjusted to the low-light conditions, since you've presumably been standing at the bottom of a dark well for a while. Which isn't that much more useful to anyone (short of maybe unwilling friends of Jame Gumb) than sitting in a dark room before going outside.

      Also, please explain how using a telescope magically invalidates light pollution. If I follow your line of reasoning, I should be able to use a pair of binoculars to get a crystal clear view out of a dirty window.

      --
      There are some people that if they don't know, you can't tell 'em.
    4. Re:No light pollution there by SkyDude · · Score: 4, Funny

      I'm thinking that you may see stars if you've just arrived at the bottom of a well, but they won't be in the sky. You may also hear bells, birds and a lot of wincing.

      --
      == First cross river, then insult alligator.
    5. Re:No light pollution there by value_added · · Score: 4, Funny

      Or possibly the sound of someone mumbling something about lotion.

    6. Re:No light pollution there by Deadstick · · Score: 2, Interesting
      0 for 2.

      First, the "bottom of a well" story is false. Some discussion here: http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/q241.html as well as at snopes. Got a piece of pipe? Try it for yourself.

      Second, light pollution of the night sky is a massive problem for astronomers. The lights of Los Angeles reduced the Griffith Observatory to a tourist attraction, and the city of San Diego spent a bucket of money on shielded lighting to mitigate what it was doing to the Palomar installation.

      rj

  3. Re:If it's anything like my old Chevy Nova... by ChefInnocent · · Score: 2, Funny

    Is that because you torched it in anger after it "no va"?

  4. She got a raw deal... by jimbudncl · · Score: 3, Funny

    She discovered it and they didn't even name it after her??? Sue, Caroline, sue!

  5. Sky coverage + Observing Time = Discoveries by AaronParsons · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The cool thing is that in astronomy, we're still miles from having full sky coverage 24/7. This means that even if you have a (relatively) small telescope, you can still see things the big ones can't just by looking somewhere no one else is at a particular time.

    I wish they described how the discovered got funneled up to the supernova scientists on the paper published on it. She must have been with someone who really knew that the "new star" she saw there wasn't supposed to be there, and that person deserves some credit, too!

    1. Re:Sky coverage + Observing Time = Discoveries by cwills · · Score: 5, Informative

      Within the amateur and professional astronomy circles there is a fairly wide known and standard method of reporting astronomical stuff (see http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/cbat.html )

      Many deepsky objects (galaxies, nebulae, star clusters) become "well known friends" by amateur astronomers. For example, when ever I'm out observing I will usually do a quick peek at M13 in Hercules, M81, M82 in Ursa Major, or parts of the Veil nebulae in Cygnus when they are visible (just to name a few). I suspect if there was a new supernova in M81 or M82, there is a chance that I would "catch it" by noticing something "odd" (think of it like noticing a new pimple on a friends face). Once something "odd" is noticed, the next step would be to check recent and older photographs of that region. If it's suspected to be "new" then the information is submitted to the IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams according to the instructions listed above. Usually the next step that happens is that the pros might get involved to verify the finding.

      There are "rules" on who discovers the object, based mainly on the chronological time that IAU receives the information. Co-discovery of the same object can happen, usually the cut-off is when the IAU sends out the notice that there is a potential new object. In other words, say that I notice a new brightness in M81, I record the information and at 10:15 GMT send it in to the IAU CBAT. Someone else also notices the same object and sends in the information at 10:30 GMT. There is a CBAT notice sent out to subscribers at 10:35 GMT. Any observation after 10:35 would not be considered a discovery.

      BTW if you go out to http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/RecentSupernovae.html and look for 2008ha, you will find that there where 2 other people who are listed as discoverers of the same supernova, and it looks like Caroline Moore has been "working" with the same folks because she is also listed with at least one of them on two other recent supernova discoveries.

    2. Re:Sky coverage + Observing Time = Discoveries by hcdejong · · Score: 5, Funny

      IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams

      Telegrams?

      --- have found possible new celestial phenomenon - stop - proof sent as electronumerical photograph following this message - stop - hcdejong - ends
      - START teletype-mime-v1.0 - 00011110101 11010101010 101101 110 1110101 0110 1010 10101 0101 1

    3. Re:Sky coverage + Observing Time = Discoveries by Kentari · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Indeed, she is working on Tim Puckett's search team. Tim Puckett is a very driven amateur supernova hunter who collaborates with a number of other observers, like Jack Newton, who is the other co-discoverer listed. They collect massive amounts of data each night with semi and full automatic telescopes Basically they don't have the time to sift through all of it. Hence they created a search team of amateurs looking through their data. Caroline was part of this search team. Tim Puckett and his team have discovered hundreds of supernovae so far and show no sign of stopping.

      She didn't spent hours on end in the dark staring through a telescope. She didn't put up her own supernova search (which is more or less impossible for a 14yo, due to the huge financial step you have to take and the amount of time it takes). She spent hours looking through images generated by automatic telescopes. It is great that she had the dedication to go through it but it isn't very hard. If you go through enough data it is certain you will find a supernova (I believe they find a supernova on 1 image out of 9000). The hard part is setting up a telescope to scan the sky, calibrate each image and present it to you.

      It does disservice to the "co-discoverers" to not mention them in the summary. Without them Caroline Moore likely wouldn't have had data to sift through. I don't know the exact story but the part of each discoverer is probably: Tim Puckett coordinates the supernova search program, Jack Newton made the discovery image and Caroline Moore noticed the supernova.

      References:
      Tim Puckett's website
      Jack Newton's website
      Caroline's story

      As a last note. The days of amateur supernova hunting are quite numbered. Two large professional telescopes with aim to provide close to 24 hour surveillance of the sky will come online in the comming years. LSST and PanStarrs will sweep the skies with large apertures, huge CCD camera's and an impressive field of view. When those projects are running amateurs will have to aim for the holes that aren't observed...

    4. Re:Sky coverage + Observing Time = Discoveries by cwills · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'd give her a little more credit... I don't know all the details but reading the "Caroline's story" it does sound like she was capturing and processing the images herself (with some assistence in getting going and learning what to do). It might have been "Dad's" observatory and such.. but it still looks like she was doing the work. The co-discovery might simply have been the "hey let me check my data as well..".

      The setup that some of these SN hunters is fairly automated, they maintain a list of objects that they will check on a routine basis. A group of SN hunters will sometimes pool their resources, share lists, coordinate what objects they are going to check, etc. The scopes can be automated to jump from object to object, take some exposures, then move on to the next object. The processing of the exposures can be partially automated, but it still requires going through them to determine if it's real or an imaging artifict or a cosmic ray on the image. This used to be done by using an optical blink comparitor (an old school optical box set up where you can quickly flip from viewing one photographic plate to another)

      Anyway -- Kudos to Caroline. It's a fun hobby that has been keeping me busy since I was 12 and had access to a 10" Newtonian.

  6. It goes both ways! by dword · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Astronomers say that it may be the weakest supernova ever seen.

    Or the strongest nova..

  7. Re:Neither Nova nor Supernova by Mikkeles · · Score: 2, Funny

    No; that was in a galaxy, far, far away.

    This was in a nearby galaxy.

    --
    Great minds think alike; fools seldom differ.
  8. Weakest Supernova? by kenp2002 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Pet Peeve Alert:

    Weakest Supernova or STRONGEST NOVA?

    I'm mean seriously, a star exploding is a star exploding. Mario or Super Mario. He's still a fat plumber who eats shrooms...

    I bet if the highly paid scientists found it they'd be touting the "Strongest NOVA ever see discovered" where as some plucky kid finds it they're like "umm weakest Super nova ever...."

    Word play is fun...

    It is almost like asking "Is it an A- or a B+" or the musical types the whole sharp flat deal...

    --
    -=[ Who Is John Galt? ]=-
    1. Re:Weakest Supernova? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      No. A nova and a supernova are two completely distinct events, with the force of the resulting explosion being only the most obvious difference between the two. This was a small supernova. Google it or something.

    2. Re:Weakest Supernova? by kindbud · · Score: 4, Informative

      A supernova entails core collapse and results in the destruction of the star. A nova is an explosion occurring in the upper level of a star's atmosphere and does not destroy the star. Novas recur in a more or less cyclic fashion, supernovas never recur.

      --
      Edith Keeler Must Die
    3. Re:Weakest Supernova? by oldhack · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Isn't discovering the weakest more impressive than the strongest?

      --
      Fuck systemd. Fuck Redhat. Fuck Soylent, too. Wait, scratch the last one.
    4. Re:Weakest Supernova? by sFurbo · · Score: 2, Informative

      But they are different physical phenomenons, in the nova, only hydrogen burns, in a type Ia supernova, carbon burns (type Ia, Ic and II doesn't come from whote dwarves). So it makes sense to distinguish between powerful novae and weak supernovae, even if they can have the same luminosity.

  9. Re:Statement on Society by LBArrettAnderson · · Score: 3, Insightful

    They're explosions... it only makes sense to relate to things that explode... most exploding things are weapons (and (super)nova).

  10. Awesome by pluther · · Score: 4, Interesting

    While the article, and many commenters so far have remarked on the irony of the youngest amateur astronomer finding the smallest supernova, it's pretty remarkable that what she actually found was a completely new astronomical phenomenon.

    From what I understand, the mechanisms behind novae and supernovae are pretty well understood. But this is something new altogether. According to the article, they're not even sure it's an actual supernova. Nobody has ever seen this exact behavior in a star before. We're going to learn a lot from this, and it would be pretty damn remarkable even if the discoverer hadn't been a 14 year old amateur.

    --
    If the masses can keep you down, you're not the Ubermensch.
  11. Re:Statement on Society by ijakings · · Score: 3, Funny

    I would much prefer a "How many Librarys of Congress can the explosion blow up" System. So for example this Nova can blow up 1000 times more librarys of congress than a regular Nova.

  12. Re:Neither Nova nor Supernova by MozeeToby · · Score: 4, Funny

    Just another planet firing up their LHC, nothing to see here.

  13. Re:Wow, that's pretty impressive! by NickyGotz22 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Next they'll wanna vote

    --
    Test me and I will chronicle your pain - The Archivist (Diablo 3)
  14. Re:supernova vs nova by mea37 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Well, yes...

    The thing to realize is, in spite of their related names, a nova and a supernova are fundamentally different phenomena. They happen to have enough similarity (esp. in what's observed) to be named as though a "supernova" were just a nova only bigger, but that obscures huge differences in what's really going on.

    AFAIK, neither phenomenon would be expected to produce this kind of mid-range result. Possibly it's a different kind of event altogether. (Must... resist... LHC joke...)

  15. How telescopes "invalidate" light pollution, sorta by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 4, Informative

    Also, please explain how using a telescope magically invalidates light pollution. If I follow your line of reasoning, I should be able to use a pair of binoculars to get a crystal clear view out of a dirty window.

    You're right that the "bottom of a well" claim is bogus, but you miss the boat in this last paragraph.

    A telescope collects more light than the naked eye, and it also magnifies the image of what you're seeing. If you're looking at an extended object -- a nebula, a planet, or a patch of light-polluted sky -- this magnification spreads the object's light over a wider area, making it dimmer. Stars, though, are still effectively point sources, so they just look brighter.

    So, looking for stars in a light-polluted sky is easier with a telescope, because it makes the stars appear brighter relative to their background. With nebulae, comets, or other extended objects, especially where the object's apparent brightness doesn't exceed the sky's apparent brightness, the telescope doesn't help much at all.

    As for the binoculars and the dirty window, well, the dirt would be out-of-focus for the binoculars, so they might help a little. Mostly, though, the analogy is a poor fit. Light pollution is effectively radiating from clear sky, not blocking light as smog or clouds would do.

  16. Kilonova, Meganova by Captain+Spam · · Score: 3, Funny

    Additional observations determined that the object, called SN 2008ha, is a new type of stellar explosion, 1000 times more powerful than a nova but 1000 times less powerful than a supernova.

    Well, I'm glad to see celestial phenomena follow the metric system, at least. I propose we name this a kilonova and rename the supernova to a meganova.

    --
    Demanding constant attention will only lead to attention.
  17. Re:If it's anything like my old Chevy Nova... by amicusNYCL · · Score: 2, Insightful

    There's small chance of seeing even the moon, let alone the milkyway [cosmosmagazine.com] in any major US city.

    Huh? Which city have you been to where the ambient light pollution is brighter than the moon?

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
  18. to make an important contribution to by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Insightful

    chemistry, physics, biochemistry, computer science, mathematics, etc.

    you need to slave almost your whole life, be at the top of your mental game, have tons of education under your belt, and you need extremely expensive instruments (well, not math)

    but to make an important contribution to astronomy, you just need to look up with a cheap introductory level hobbyist telescope available at walmart, and some passion

    that's amazing

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  19. Re:If it's anything like my old Chevy Nova... by Chris+Burke · · Score: 2, Funny

    Huh? Which city have you been to where the ambient light pollution is brighter than the moon?

    He probably lives in LA, where it's not a matter of the light pollution being brighter than the moon, but of the moon not being bright enough to penetrate the smog. Ask a 1st Grader what color the sky is, and they'll enthusiastically answer "brown!"

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are