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Exoplanet Has Showers of Pebbles

mmmscience writes "The newly-discovered exoplanet COROT-7b has an unusual form of precipitation: rocks. Because it orbits so close to its sun, the temperature on its sun-facing side is around 4220 degrees Fahrenheit. That's hot enough for rocks to vaporize — not unlike water evaporating on Earth. And, like Earth, when the vapor cools in the upper atmosphere, it forms clouds and begins to rain. But instead of water, COROT-7b gets a shower of pebbles."

38 of 341 comments (clear)

  1. Wow by clone53421 · · Score: 4, Funny

    That's pretty cool, in a geeky sort of way.

    I wish I could see it... but I don't think the environment would be terribly friendly to my sensitive skin.

    --
    Alexander Peter Kristopeit bought his basement from his mommy for one dollar.
    1. Re:Wow by geoffrobinson · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yeah, I'm part Irish too. I can't stand being in the Sun/insert favorite star here.

      --
      Except for ending slavery, the Nazis, communism, & securing American independence, war has never solved anything.
    2. Re:Wow by Reaperducer · · Score: 4, Funny

      Ironic?

      No, Ms. Morissette. Just coincidental.

      --
      -- I'm old enough to have lived through six different meanings of the word "hacker."
    3. Re:Wow by Rei · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The planet is tidally locked. Just stay on the dark side of the planet. The equilibrium temperature there is 59F -- not bad at all.

      One thing that occurs to me is that if the mass transfer rate is as high as they're suggesting -- and I have no reason to suspect otherwise -- it seems to me that this planet would be *highly* tectonically active. Unlike rain, which just runs off, the pebbles will stick around where they fall. This means that the crust will have a lot of weight bearing down on it on the cold side, sinking into the mantle and likely leading to heavy volcanism and tectonic activity. And the erosion of the hot side should lead to an upwelling of exposed mantle material as the planet tries to relax into a sphere.

      The awesome thing is, with such a reasonable temperature on the cool side, it could actually be habitable to LAWKI -- except for that likely lack of water thing, (unless there's been heavy cometary activity since the planet became tidally locked).

      This planet must have an incredible range of minerals, way unlike anything on Earth -- the star basically mining the crust and even mantle on one side and depositing it after chemical vapor deposition onto the other side. If we ever go interstellar as a species, I wouldn't be surprised to see heavy mining activity on planets like that.

      --
      I just invaded Grammar Czechoslovakia and duped Grammar Neville Chamberlain; now it's on to Grammar Poland.
    4. Re:Wow by Rei · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Oh, and sweet -- Some more highlights after further reading:

      "Sodium, potassium, silicon monoxide and then oxygen -- either atomic or molecular oxygen -- make up most of the atmosphere." But there are also smaller amounts of the other elements found in silicate rock, such as magnesium, aluminum, calcium and iron. ... As you go higher the atmosphere gets cooler and eventually you get saturated with different types of 'rock' the way you get saturated with water in the atmosphere of Earth ... Elemental sodium and potassium, which have very low boiling points in comparison with rocks, do not rain out but would instead stay in the atmosphere, where they would form high gas clouds buffeted by the stellar wind from COROT-7.

      So... the only one of those things that will be a gas at the surface on the far side is oxygen. The article says the atmosphere may not be breathable, but I have to wonder... why not?

      Also, in the case what what condenses in the atmosphere is crystaline (I don't see anywhere which suggests whether they would be or not -- it all depends on how fast it cools), look at the list of the raining minerals:

      enstatite, corundum, spinel, and wollastonite.

      Enstatite can be a gemstone. Crystals of corundum are otherwise known as ruby and sapphire. There are many types of spinels, a number of whose crystals are considered gemstones. Etc. So *if* what condenses is crystalline, it could literally be raining gems on that planet.

      --
      I just invaded Grammar Czechoslovakia and duped Grammar Neville Chamberlain; now it's on to Grammar Poland.
  2. Not unusual by BadAnalogyGuy · · Score: 5, Funny

    We get solid precipitation here on earth all the time.

    Sometimes it's hail, sometimes sleet.

    The best is frogs, though.

    1. Re:Not unusual by Thelasko · · Score: 5, Insightful

      We get solid precipitation here on earth all the time.

      The parent raises a good point. How do we know the rock comes back down to the surface as a solid? Why doesn't it rain lava?

      --
      One of our competitors trademarked the term "hypothesis". From now on, we will call them "boneheaded ideas".
    2. Re:Not unusual by Chris+Burke · · Score: 4, Informative

      The parent raises a good point. How do we know the rock comes back down to the surface as a solid? Why doesn't it rain lava?

      I'm going to make an educated guess, and say it's in the same way we "know" that it rains any kind of rock at all -- because that's what the simulations said. It says they even varied constraints based on not knowing exactly what the composition of the planet is, but they kept ending up with the same basic result.

      So it all comes down to how good the simulation model is. It's possible it's inaccurate in a way that it is right that there is rock-based precipitation, but that it's in liquid form, but I certainly have no idea.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    3. Re:Not unusual by fireslack · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Am I the only one who is deeply impressed that we even KNOW a planet is there? It is difficult to observe Mercury because of its proximity to the sun, but we can see a planet that is 1.7 Earth radii, 42 light years away, and is so close to its parent star, it has an orbital period of 20 hours. Hours! That means it is insanely close to its star. Solid rock or lava be damned. How about a pat on the back for finding any exoplanets at all?

      --
      This sig only exists because you are observing it.
  3. Related to the current poll ? by slashmatteo · · Score: 5, Informative

    "the temperature on its sun-facing side is around 4220 degrees Fahrenheit." For anyone using the SI, this is about 2327 degrees Celsius

    1. Re:Related to the current poll ? by eln · · Score: 5, Funny

      Thanks for the conversion...I never know what to wear when they give the temperature in Fahrenheit. Thanks to your post, though, I now know I won't need to pack a jacket while visiting this planet.

    2. Re:Related to the current poll ? by JohnHegarty · · Score: 5, Funny

      Or 2599 kelvin

      Or the heat from burning 2 library's on congress.

      Anyone know what it is in elephants ?

    3. Re:Related to the current poll ? by Thanshin · · Score: 4, Funny

      Or the heat from burning 2 library's on congress.

      Do libraries burn differently on congress than anywhere else?

    4. Re:Related to the current poll ? by JustOK · · Score: 4, Funny

      Thanks,and stop calling me Kelvin

      --
      rewriting history since 2109
    5. Re:Related to the current poll ? by gsslay · · Score: 4, Funny

      I now know I won't need to pack a jacket while visiting this planet.

      Please yourself. But I'll be taking my tungsten jacket (melting point 3422 Celcius, 6192 Fahrenheit).

      You know, the one my grandmother bought me..... with the hood and the double pleated asbestos lining? I don't care if you've never liked it and it doesn't match my shoes, I'm wearing it.

    6. Re:Related to the current poll ? by clone53421 · · Score: 4, Funny

      So 4220 degrees Fahrenheit is approximately 2600 degree Kelvin. Fixed it for you.
      is approximately 2600 degree Kelvin
      degree Kelvin

      Fail. Hand in your geek card.

      --
      Alexander Peter Kristopeit bought his basement from his mommy for one dollar.
    7. Re:Related to the current poll ? by Kjella · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yep, there's so much hot air there they burn way better.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  4. Re:Summary inaccurate by clone53421 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    True. Also, I'm wondering if "pebbles" is an appropriate description of the condensed rock or if it wouldn't be more aptly described as "sand" or even "dust". Raindrops stick together; depending on how quickly the rock condenses, it might not have time to grow very large. (Then again, it could grow like hail, if the rock was in the liquid state for any significant amount of time.)

    --
    Alexander Peter Kristopeit bought his basement from his mommy for one dollar.
  5. Rock Rainbows? by MarkRose · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Given that different material will have different melting temperatures, that should lead to the different metals coalescing at different heights. At sunset, there ought to be a layering affect as the last rocks fall back to the surface, a rock rainbow in effect. Of course, it probably won't last long with the whole planet being molten.

    --
    Be relentless!
    1. Re:Rock Rainbows? by Gotung · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Not to rain on your rainbow parade, but any planet that close to its star is likely tidally locked.

      So no sunset.

    2. Re:Rock Rainbows? by Jerf · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I would also observe that "molten rock" is not famous for its transparency, let alone "gaseous rock". It may be an "atmosphere", but there won't be anybody observing any sort of "rainbow". The word "atmosphere" may be deceptive in this context; think less "open sky" and more "sea of blindingly hot lava so hot it's gaseous, not that you have any reason to care about this distinction".

  6. Re:Summary inaccurate by Sockatume · · Score: 4, Insightful

    To be fair, the original press release also mangles observed and simulated results like crazy. They've definitely found the exoplanet and determined its orbit and mass. They've either confirmed or hypothesised from simulation that there are no volatile compounds on or around the planet, which they hypothesise is due to bake-out. They've hypothesised based on simulations that it is likely to have a rock-based atmosphere which, depending on composition, could be verified spectroscopically.

    --
    No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
  7. Why were you late for school? by tomhudson · · Score: 4, Funny

    Teacher: Why are you late?
    Student 1: I was throwing pebbles in the pond.
    Teacher: (to student #2) Why are you late?
    Student 2: I was throwing pebbles in the pond.
    Teacher: (to student #3) Let me guess - you were throwing pebbles in the pond too?
    Student 3: I'm Pebbles.

  8. 50% chance of rocking out! by Chris+Burke · · Score: 5, Funny

    It is nearly impossible to imagine a deluge of pebbles falling from the sky, or turning on the morning forecast to hear reports of "rocking" instead of "raining."

    Oh I can imagine it. You see dark clouds roll in, crowding around. In the distance but growing louder, the rapid heavy percussion of the rock shower begins. Then in the cloud at the front, you see a flash of light and a shower of sparks like a pyrotechnic burst. Seconds later, instead of a crash of thunder, you hear the wail of an electric guitar.

    It is now rocking. Rocking hard core.

    This is the awesomest planet ever.

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
  9. Obligatory S*P reference by emurphy42 · · Score: 4, Funny

    ROCKS FALL! EVERYONE DIES!

  10. Fallout by mbone · · Score: 5, Interesting

    That has happened on Earth too. We call it Fallout.

    I am not kidding. A surface nuclear burst in the megaton range will vaporize millions of tons of rock and soil. This material will cool, condense, and and fall as
    little pebbles or hail. In this case, it's radioactive, but otherwise the physics is the same.

    1. Re:Fallout by mk_is_here · · Score: 5, Interesting

      To enjoy a natural one, without the radioactive waste, all you need is a volcano eruption.

  11. Re:The sky is falling? by LanMan04 · · Score: 5, Funny

    The sky is falling?

    More like the ground is falling...from the sky.

    --
    With the first link, the chain is forged.
  12. Meanwhile on COROT-7b by JohnHegarty · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Meanwhile on COROT-7b scientists find a new planet so cold that water would actually create "oceans" on the surface , and even freeze at the poles.

    They laugh at the though ever existing on that planet.

    1. Re:Meanwhile on COROT-7b by iprefermuffins · · Score: 5, Funny

      t of life

      Here, you dropped this.

  13. Re:The sky is falling? by Yvan256 · · Score: 4, Funny

    So it's like Australia?

  14. Let's not exaggerate by slyborg · · Score: 4, Informative

    Some hyperbole here.

    The Castle Bravo test shot (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Bravo) was one of the largest thermonuclear detonations ever, with an estimated yield of 15-22 MT. The blast crater from Bravo was 2000m in diameter and 75m deep. Assuming it was square because I'm too lazy for math today, that's about 300,000 cubic meters. Assuming that this was blasted in solid granite (http://www.allmeasures.com/Formulae/static/materials/32/density.htm) you get about 780k metric tons.

    However, most of this material wasn't vaporized, it was pulverized by the shock wave and propelled as a solid into the mushroom cloud. The actual quantity of material melted I wouldn't hazard to estimate, but it was a small proportion of the overall material excavated.

    Much as in the "it's raining rocks!" planet, this precipitation would be much closer in form to dust, not "pebbles". One of the reason that water on earth comes in larger forms is that the water molecule has a charge, and will aggregate electrostatically. I don't think that would be true of this silicate cloud.

  15. Re:first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    bite it noobs

    forgot to check the AC box? noob!

  16. I'm Singing in the OW! OW! by wiredog · · Score: 5, Funny

    ow!

  17. geologist's hot dating destination? by polishphorce · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...and if you like pina coladas and getting bludgeoned in the rain...

  18. Conveyor-belt planet by FriendlyPrimate · · Score: 5, Interesting

    What I find interesting about this planet is that it's tidally locked with it's star, so one side is over 4000F, while the other is -370F. That could imply that the surface continuously evaporates on the hot side and condenses out of the atmosphere on the cold side. So the planet is essentially a conveyor belt always in the process of being destroyed and created. The contents of the entire planet could have gone through this process many times already.

  19. Re:Titinians say the same thing about Earth by captainClassLoader · · Score: 4, Funny

    Of course! Everything is made of Uranium on uranus, of Plutonium on Pluto, and Titanium on Titan. And Hafnium on the planet Haf, but that hasn't been discovered yet.

    --
    "The plural of anecdote is not data" -- Bruce Schneier
  20. Oops by justthinkit · · Score: 4, Informative
    The planet is tidally locked. Just stay on the dark side of the planet. The equilibrium temperature there is 59F -- not bad at all.

    This star-facing side has a temperature of about 2600 degrees Kelvin (4220 degrees Fahrenheit). That's infernally hothot enough to vaporize rocks. The global average temperature of Earth's surface, in contrast, is only about 288 degrees Kelvin (59 degrees Fahrenheit).

    --
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