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IBM Sets Areal Density Record for Magnetic Tape

digitalPhant0m writes to tell us that IBM researchers have set a new world record for areal data density on linear magnetic tape, weighing in at around 29.5 billion bits per square inch. This achievement is roughly 39 times the density of current industry standard magnetic tape. "To achieve this feat, IBM Research has developed several new critical technologies, and for the past three years worked closely with FUJIFILM to optimize its next-generation dual-coat magnetic tape based on barium ferrite (BaFe) particles. [...] These new technologies are estimated to enable cartridge capacities that could hold up to 35 trillion bytes (terabytes) of uncompressed data. This is about 44 times the capacity of today's IBM LTO Generation 4 cartridge. A capacity of 35 terabytes of data is sufficient to store the text of 35 million books, which would require 248 miles (399 km) of bookshelves."

135 comments

  1. Man by bmajik · · Score: 1, Funny

    I wish I was a researcher working on improving areola density. I didn't think IBM had those kinds of jobs. It certainly never came up at the job fair they were at when I was in college.

    --
    My opinions are my own, and do not necessarily represent those of my employer.
    1. Re:Man by RyuuzakiTetsuya · · Score: 1

      What, your college didn't have photoshop classes(or airbrush, if you're old school)?

      --
      Non impediti ratione cogitationus.
    2. Re:Man by hoboroadie · · Score: 0

      I have done some consulting work.

      --
      They feared that it could be used to suppress protest or support unpopular rule.
    3. Re:Man by whatajoke · · Score: 1

      Well...., it depends on how thinly we spread 8.438 petabytes.

    4. Re:Man by IdleTime · · Score: 1

      This is great news!

      Noe I can back up my 3 TB porn collection...

      --
      If you mod me down, I *will* introduce you to my sister!
    5. Re:Man by Smooth+and+Shiny · · Score: 1

      Why? Do you think you need denser areolas?

  2. AWESOME! by Monkeedude1212 · · Score: 1, Redundant

    Casette Tapes are coming back!

    If Only I still had a Deck!

    1. Re:AWESOME! by eav · · Score: 0

      Casette Tapes are coming back!

      If Only I still had a Deck!

      I still have one. Somewhere.

    2. Re:AWESOME! by timeOday · · Score: 4, Funny

      Oh yeah. Assuming 400 MB per album (FLAC), a 35 TB tape will hold 87,500 of them. So, a million tracks, give or take. That should be fun to hunt through with nothing but FF and RW buttons!

    3. Re:AWESOME! by xOneca · · Score: 1

      Yeah! But reading/writting speeds?

    4. Re:AWESOME! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      I'm a recent college grad, and I'd like to thank you for pointing out my new crisis. Ever since I started my new job as a storage admin (IBM Mainframe), I freak out when I hear anyone say "It holds this many tracks!"

      I start shivering and trying to convert Dr. Dre and Meatloaf to cylinders.....

  3. In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    ... IBM researchers have set a record for compressing the most records of cattle onto clay tablets using their proprietary new cuneiform.

    1. Re:In other news... by hoboroadie · · Score: 1, Funny

      I spit my doobie onto the cat, who then knocked over my coffee, when I read that. Well played, sir.

      --
      They feared that it could be used to suppress protest or support unpopular rule.
    2. Re:In other news... by afidel · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Are you saying tape is outdated? Because for organizations that have large storage requirements you can't get any cheaper than tape, and it has superior archival and transportation properties than HDD's as well.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    3. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In related news... The pizza was fucking awesome though!

    4. Re:In other news... by mlts · · Score: 5, Informative

      The biggest issue with tape is keeping the density and cartridge capacity up. Even though tapes and magnetic hard drives share a lot in common, storing data on rust is where the similarities end. Tape media contacts the head and is read while the head is contacting, as opposed to HDDs which float very close to the surface of a disk. So, the material the magnetic domains are on has to be sturdy enough for physical contact. Tape does have an advantage that it has more space to store data than a disk platter. However, a lot of that space is taken up by error correction, since there is no way to relocate bad sectors on the fly with tape, and if a block goes bad, it goes bad, no way to recover without ECC, or a way to duplicate the lost data.

      What tape has over hard disks is simplicity. A DLT or LTO-5 tape has one reel for a moving part. Compare that to a hard disk which has the platters, the heads, the wires, and the motors. Drop a tape, and it almost certainly is recoverable. Drop a hard disk, and a person never knows if the hard drive is completely dead, or will die very soon due to the impact. This is also important when it comes to archiving. Tapes, you can put in their cases, drop them axis vertical in an Iron Maiden tub, and your data is secure. With hard disks, you have to put them in padded boxes to help dampen vibrations which can kill the drive.

      Tape drive makers are also responding to the clarion call of encryption. HP's LTO-4 line supports SPIN/SPOUT encryption capabilities. You can set it to use the same passphrase on multiple tapes, or use backup software which sets a different key on each tape and manages which key goes to which tape for better security. Software like Retrospect, Backup Exec, or bru also offer AES encryption with libraries certified by the US government. So, a tape backup is decently secure.

      Tapes can be set to be read-only. This is important because it means that a tape read on a compromised machine won't be able to be tampered with. Some tape systems (DLT) offer WORM functionality to allow for secure archiving of data with the data cryptographically signed by the tape drive. This is important when one has to deal with HIPAA and archiving of data for 7 years, or the FAA and archiving airplane data for 50 years.

      Tapes are fast. This is also one of their weaknesses. If you don't feed them the full amount of their pipeline, the tape drive has to stop and reverse. "Shoe-shining" is not good for tape life, nor the life on heads. So one needs to have tape drives preferably on a computer with the I/O paths to handle it [1].

      Finally, once you buy the drive, tapes are the best bang for byte you can get. Even older tape formats like LTO-4 that give 800 gigs native for $40 is still fairly cheap for the capacity.

      [1]: Ideally, the best use of tape is a network backup server with a good RAID array. You back the machines up to the array, then copy the data to tape. This way, network glitches do not slow down the data being slapped on the tapes.

    5. Re:In other news... by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Tape is dead. Long live Tape.

      Don't need to transport HDDs. You just need a big fat fiber-optic connection.

      And what is the point of archiving if in a few years you can't find the drives or the controllers or the whatever to read the media? Having been in this industry for this long, I've already experienced having an archive of something but not able to find a drive to read it. Remember the old TRS-80 and the audio tape drives? State of the art 30-35 years ago, utterly useless today. Even if I could find a cassette player, I'd still have no way for any modern computer to read it, short of inventing it over again.

      You think that is rare? How about 8" floppies?, How about Zip, Bernoulli drives, Heck it is getting hard to find 3.5" drives.

      If your archival horizon is longer than about 10 years, you're looking at the wrong life cycle planning. Do you think whatever flavor of SAS we have today is going to exist in 15 years?

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    6. Re:In other news... by afidel · · Score: 1

      I can read 16 year old DLT-IV tapes with equipment I have laying around (and have for realestate tax documents for my current employer!). SAS is already almost a decade old and there are draft proposals going out till 2014 that AFAIK maintain backward compatibility.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    7. Re:In other news... by loose+electron · · Score: 1

      "storing data on rust is where the similarities end"

      Ferrous oxide tape and disk drives haven't been used in new media in over 20 years (30?)
      What cave have you been hiding in?

      --
      www.effectiveelectrons.com "chips that work" Analog, RF, Mixed Signal
    8. Re:In other news... by timeOday · · Score: 2, Interesting

      for organizations that have large storage requirements you can't get any cheaper than tape

      Are you so sure? Quantum claims that their DLT-V4 tape offers the lowest media cost/GB in its class at just $0.12. That's not including the drive, and they are not free. So it's $120/TB just for the media, which is about 30% more than a hard drive. And 1 TB isn't one tape, it's half a dozen of them, so that's fun.

      Now, you could argue it's not fair to consumer hard drives to "enterprise" tape, but that's kind of the point. Tape is a niche product, so it might be a bad deal simply because the economies of scale aren't as good.

      Reliability? Hard to say. Tape and HDDs are both magnetic media, but HDD platters are sealed off from the environment with a micron-level filter. Tapes aren't sealed as well.

    9. Re:In other news... by afidel · · Score: 2, Informative

      Uh, I can get LTO4 tapes for $50 and they hold 800GB raw/1.2-1.6TB compressed. They also take zero energy to store data. I've had two tape failures out of the last 4,440 I've put through my library (one was dropped). Compare that to the dozens of drive failures I've had in the same period of time with about 80% fewer drives.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    10. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >>What tape has over hard disks is simplicity. A DLT or LTO-5 tape has one reel for a moving part.

      I worked for a while with DLT. The firmware and the logic on board the drive unit are quite complicated. Also the tape heads are not at all static; they are precisely calibrated and angled by the drive itself. A voice-coil-actuator based hard disk has far fewer moving parts, especially considering there is no cartridge loading/unloading mechanism.

    11. Re:In other news... by moosesocks · · Score: 1

      Also consider that ATA hard drives have been electronically compatible since 1986.

      Serial ATA was the first revision to the spec that broke backward compatibility, although that claim is even debatable, given that SATA->PATA adapters are available, and are generally rather simple devices.

      SCSI's a bit more complicated, although you SCSI adapters should be around for a long time to come.

      --
      -- If you try to fail and succeed, which have you done? - Uli's moose
    12. Re:In other news... by MartinSchou · · Score: 1

      Micro SD-XC for the win.

      Will (eventually) go to 2 TB, have extremely fast random access, very high tolerances (drop it all you want, just don't break it), minute volume (11 x 15 x 1 mm) and no physical contact apart from insertion/removal.

      Yes, break it and you're fucked, but you get reduce your storage volume by a factor 1,400 (231,142.2 mm^3 vs 165 mm^3) compared to LTO.

      Currently the largest capacity micro-sd cards seem to be 16 GB. So you'd need tape in an LTO form factor to be at 21 TB just to compete by volume. Yes, LTO-5 is a lot faster at 180 MB/s, but the SD-XC standard is expected to go to 300 MB/s (but probably not random), nor do the SD-cards come with built in encryption that I know of. And I don't think the micro version can be set to read-only, but if you're worried about a single machine, there's nothing stopping you from using an adapter that does.

    13. Re:In other news... by mlts · · Score: 1

      Very true. However, you have one drive/library/rack, and one set of tape heads, for a large number of tapes. This means the total moving parts in a storage pool is far lower compared to a backup set consisting of a box of hard drives. If a tape drive dies, it is expensive, but it can be replaced and generally not cause loss of data. The media is separate from the reader. If the heads die on a hard disk, you are facing a very expensive recovery process if anything is stored on that drive that is wanted.

    14. Re:In other news... by mlts · · Score: 1

      Physical volume isn't that big an issue (assuming a cartridge size that can fit in a hand and be easily shuttled around by a tape robot). In fact, people touted DLT/LTO as more reliable because it was a larger format so it could store more, compared to 8mm/AIT. They also touted that the linear scanning of tracks was more error-tolerant than the helical heads.

      To make sure: Tape isn't for everyone. A tape drive that holds a reasonable amount of data (800 gigs native or more) will cost you $4000. For a SOHO or a small business, they might be better off cost-wise by buying a bunch of USB/IEEE1394/e-SATA drives and use those for storing backup sets, rotating drives in and out for offsite security.

      For a lot of people, a microSD card is enough for a basic backup. However, what might work for one person may not even be useful for another. For example, I don't just like backing up documents, but my whole desktop. This way, if a hard disk fails, I can restore to a known good image, bare metal instead of spending time reinstalling the OS, reinstalling apps, and finding all the documents.

    15. Re:In other news... by StuartHankins · · Score: 1

      Yep. I have several DC2120's with personal data that I just haven't been able to convince myself to get rid of. I have floppies using LHArc compression. I have Central Point Backup backups spanning a dozen or so HD 3.5" floppy disks each. I also have a SyQuest EZFlyer 230MB SCSI cartridge or two and just got rid of some old IOMega Zip 100 disks from when I had my parallel Zip drive. These are just since 1990 or so for the IBM-compatible platform.

      No doubt many of you have more interesting backups -- that are totally useless unless you a) have a VM or OS to load them in, or have the OS disks to create such a system; b) have whatever backup software you used at the time; and c) have whatever hardware is needed to read the media.

      I'd wager that the Central Point backups on 3.5" floppies would be tough to restore, even though floppies are still around. I've already gotten rid of most if not all of my disks for the TRS-80 Models 3 and 4, Commodore PET and C-64, and Apple ][e... I just couldn't justify keeping them with those devices gone. I'm sure some of my old code would look pretty lame, if I could only see it again. Hell, I had LOGO disks in middle school for the course I took over the summer at the local community college. It would be interesting (for me) to see that old stuff.

    16. Re:In other news... by TheLink · · Score: 1

      That's ass-backwards. Having the reader included is a big plus point for hard drives since it's included for such a low price. It's a big minus for tape drives.

      You said: "If a tape drive dies, it is expensive, but it can be replaced and generally not cause loss of data. The media is separate from the reader."
      And: "If the heads die on a hard disk, you are facing a very expensive recovery process if anything is stored on that drive that is wanted."

      If a 1.5TB hard drive dies, it is separate from the other 1.5TB hard drives too. You can backup/restore with the others. What's the big deal?

      In contrast, if your expensive tape drive dies, you need to get a replacement before you can use any of your tapes. If in the meantime your systems are down and can't be restored from backups, you are screwed.

      And if a particularly precious 800MB LT4 tape dies, you also need an expensive recovery process for it. So what's the difference?

      **Cost
      A tape drive is about USD1.6K, LTO4 800GB tapes are USD40 each.

      A 1.5TB HDD is about USD110 each - the "media" comes with its own drive.

      A tape system is cheaper at the point USD1.6k * number of tape media * USD40 < number of HDD for same capacity * USD 110.

      You need more than 100 tapes per tape drive for a tape drive to be cheaper "today". More if you buy a more expensive tape drive (some are 4K).

      How many companies have more than 100 tapes per tape drive? Once you start needing lots more tapes to backup your stuff, you might start needing more tape drives to cope with the I/O requirements.

      Tapes are only cheaper if you really need to archive lots of stuff for a long time.

      ** Future proofing

      If tomorrow LTOx+1 tapes become affordable, you need to buy a very expensive LTOx+1 drive to use them.

      If tomorrow 3TB hard drives become affordable, you just buy the 3TB HDDs and use them.

      ** Bandwidth
      A single tape drive has 120MB transfer rate. You want more I/O you need more tape drives or more expensive tape drives.

      A 1.5TB HDD has about 100MB transfer rate.

      You can plug your hard drives to other computers and get more backup I/O if necessary. For the price of a tape drive you can get a new computer + a few TB drives thrown in.

      ** Reliability and robustness.

      Sure HDDs are more fragile, but in my experience tapes and tape drives don't seem to be way more reliable than HDDs that don't get dropped. They get shredded by the drive (or in some cases "mutually assured destruction" occurs). I've even heard horror stories where tapes could only be read the drive that wrote them.

      If you get the better drives (that cost way more than USD1.6K) and tapes the cost calculations change- you may need even more tapes per drive for them to come out cheaper.

      --
    17. Re:In other news... by tyrione · · Score: 1

      I spit my doobie onto the cat, who then knocked over my coffee, when I read that. Well played, sir.

      Your ``doobie?''

      And me without my bell-bottoms.

    18. Re:In other news... by evilviper · · Score: 1

      Don't need to transport HDDs. You just need a big fat fiber-optic connection.

      While I'm as big a fan of rsync as any, if latency isn't a major issue, a van full of tapes is very likely faster and cheaper.

      And for archiving, often on-line storage just isn't practical or otherwise doesn't make sense, so are you going to trust those platters in a box to spin-up after 20 years sitting on a shelf?

      Tapes' domain has vastly shrunk, but it still has a pretty major seat in the world of data.

      It looks like tape is going to be able to keep up for some time to come. Optical disks, OTOH, are too damn small.

      --
      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    19. Re:In other news... by afidel · · Score: 1

      My feeling is if your requirements are below that of tape then online backup is probably your best bet, not trying to duplicate a tape scheme using cheap USB HDD's.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    20. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For people whose requirement is below tape I highly recommend online backup for documents, but restoring a large home directory can take a long time, especially under harried circumstances. At the minimum, I recommend pairing online backups with at least one external HDD and backup software that is image based, so one can restore to a known good point in time as fast as possible.

      An external backup drive rotation is icing on the cake in this case, but it can't hurt. The biggest key is that someone knows what their critical data is like (does it change a lot, how big is it), and makes a backup solution around that. For example, if I had a lot of Word documents worked on a lot, I'd use an online backup system because it can scoop up relatively small sized changes quickly. However, if I had studio software and was working with video files or studio quality sound files, I'd use some sort of external drive rotation due to the volume of the data that is being created.

  4. You forgot to copy the stars (footnotes): by Seth+Kriticos · · Score: 4, Informative

    *The demonstration was performed at product-level tape speeds (2 meters per second) and achieved error rates that are correctable using standard error-correction techniques to meet IBM's performance specification for its LTO Generation 4 products.

    **Note that this calculation assumes a roughly 12% increase in tape length due to the reduced medium thickness.

    ***Note that this has been rounded up from 43.75 times

    1. Re:You forgot to copy the stars (footnotes): by jeffmeden · · Score: 2, Funny

      You forgot the obligatory:

      The tape can hold 3.5 libraries of congress, with a density of .00036 libraries per square inch.

  5. What about write speed? by ircmaxell · · Score: 4, Interesting

    So what about speed? What good is the ability to store 35TB of data, if it takes you a week to write/read it?

    --
    If a man isn't willing to take some risk for his opinions, either his opinions are no good or he's no good
    1. Re:What about write speed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      lol

      I highly doubt that this is the *one* technology that will never improve.

    2. Re:What about write speed? by Seth+Kriticos · · Score: 1

      2 meters per second * (around 29.5 billion bits per square inch * meter modifier). go, figure..

    3. Re:What about write speed? by Ukab+the+Great · · Score: 1

      Who cares about a week to read it? I'd be giddy with power if I could destroy the entire Library of Congress in 30 seconds with a bulk eraser.

    4. Re:What about write speed? by vacarul · · Score: 1

      I can only think of baaackuuup...

      never a bad ideea.

    5. Re:What about write speed? by ircmaxell · · Score: 1

      I didn't say it wouldn't improve. What I did say is that I would like to know HOW/IF it did improve this time... LTO5 can only achieve around 180 MBps... At that speed, you're looking at somewhere around 54 hours to write to these tapes... Hardly inconsequential...

      --
      If a man isn't willing to take some risk for his opinions, either his opinions are no good or he's no good
    6. Re:What about write speed? by ircmaxell · · Score: 1

      Well, tapes use a multi-pass write method (At least LTO, which I am familiar with does). The largest generation tape now (LTO5) takes 56 passes (both directions) to write. So it's not a trivial calculation... (I have no idea the number of passes that they use, hence why it's an important factor. They could have increased the tracks per pass, or increased the passes, or both)...

      --
      If a man isn't willing to take some risk for his opinions, either his opinions are no good or he's no good
    7. Re:What about write speed? by Jason+daHaus · · Score: 1

      In most cases whether it took a week to write would be a non-issue. You'd likely be doing a server to server backup on a daily basis and be writing to tape once a week anyway (ie, continuously).

    8. Re:What about write speed? by isama · · Score: 2, Insightful

      you sound like a good BOFH my dear sir.

    9. Re:What about write speed? by Pinky's+Brain · · Score: 2, Informative

      Depends on the number of parallel read/write heads, wasn't in the article ... a quick google shows present tapes take between 25-50 passes to fill a tape at ~7 minutes per pass, god that's slow.

    10. Re:What about write speed? by jeffmeden · · Score: 1

      They don't say how wide the track of information is... which relieves you of the need to convert from metric to imperial since the comparison is useless anyway!

    11. Re:What about write speed? by afidel · · Score: 1

      They increased particle density and kept linear speed the same so the ratio of data to time should be roughly the same. Of course that means keeping the drive fed with 44x more bandwidth which could really only be done with D2D2T with the disk target being a very fast array.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    12. Re:What about write speed? by VMaN · · Score: 2, Informative

      35TB in a week? 60MB/sec isn't all that bad.

    13. Re:What about write speed? by newcastlejon · · Score: 1

      It's been a while since I did one so I'd better ask: do people still do full backups overnight?

      --
      If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    14. Re:What about write speed? by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      This is the first tape hardware that has actually seemed interesting to me as a consumer. Finally, the capacity is large enough that it won't take two tapes just to back up a single off-the-shelf 1TB or 1.5TB hard drive.

      Now if this were available today with the drive costing $300 and the tapes at $20 apiece, it would be the perfect backup medium. Unfortunately, knowing the way the industry works, it will hit the market in 8-10 years, by which time 30 TB hard drives will be routine, and it will cost $2000 for the drive plus $200 per tape when a 30 TB hard drive costs around $100.

      The capacity of tape drives isn't why they are dinosaurs. It's the absurd cost-to-benefit ratio coupled with the bad capacity. Even in an enterprise environment, you'd be hard pressed to explain why a dozen off-site RAID arrays isn't a better choice than tape, IMHO. Until it's significantly cheaper to back up to tape than to back up to a dozen hard drives in alternation, as far as I'm concerned, tape is dead.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    15. Re:What about write speed? by afidel · · Score: 1

      LTO4 tapes cost $50 and hold 1.6TB, require zero energy while at rest, are easy to transport, etc. Of course I also have servers at our DR site with full replica's of my production environment, but they do not serve the same purpose at all because the DR servers can fall victim to the same faults and abuses as the production systems while the mounds of offline tapes at my offsite storage are a lot more impervious.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    16. Re:What about write speed? by afidel · · Score: 1

      Don't know about other shops but we do ours over the weekend, daily's are differential (not incremental to avoid the loss of restore from a single failed tape, though we've only had 2 in the last 3.5 years and one of those was dropped).

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    17. Re:What about write speed? by belrick · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If the areal density increases uniformly in both directions, then you can expect that the read/write speed goes up by the square root of the areal density increase. That is, for 43.75 you'd expect a speed increase of at least between 6 and 7 times. Note that sometimes the density increase is achieved in only one direction or the other, depending on what technology was used to achieve it, in which case all or none of the density increase results in speed increase.

      You can achieve speed increases by using multiple heads. LTO and the 3590/3592 proprietary tape technology on which it is based use 8 or 16 tracks read/written simultaneously, with tracks interleaved. There might be 256 tracks with tracks 1, 17, 33, ..., 241 being accessed, then 2, 18, ..., 242. etc. Doubling the number of tracks (density increase of 2 widthwise) wouldn't increase read/write speed. Doubling the number of tracks while simultaneously doubling the number of heads would.

      Note that with 8 or 16 heads spread across the tape width, error correction is achieved by writing a matrix of bits (across the tape as well as down the length) with ECC bits added.

    18. Re:What about write speed? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      Going back to the grandparent poster's question:

      Of those who DON'T do regular tape backups, a lot of them would LOVE to if the tape capacities were higher and cost per bit lower.

      This looks like a case of re-enabling technology.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    19. Re:What about write speed? by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      They hold 1.6 TB if the data compresses easily. For many types of data, they hold half that. You can't guarantee that a tape will back up a single hard drive without swapping tapes. At 1.6 TB, they're marginally cheaper than ATA hard drives ($50 for a 1.5 TB internal drive). At .8 TB, they're almost twice as expensive. Both hold the same data. Both get tossed out and replaced when they go bad. When used as part of a backup rotation, both will, statistically speaking, outlast the backup rotation. So it really comes down to cost and ease of use. The hard drive wins in both places hands down.

      I'm not talking about replication here, BTW. I'm talking about using hard drives the same way you would use a tape. You stick the drive in a docking station, clone the data to the drive, spin it down, and shelve it just like you would with a tape. The difference is that the hard drive doesn't require any special hardware to read it and can be brought online at a moment's notice with much faster random access to your backed up data.

      For most backup purposes (short-term to medium-term), I'd pick a hard drive over tape any day. Tapes are still a better choice if your goal is long-term storage of backups (years), of course.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    20. Re:What about write speed? by afidel · · Score: 1

      Yeah but there's no 300 slot auto-loader or functional equivalent for HDD's and they wouldn't survive being transported offsite as well. Also $100 seems to be the going rate for 1.5TB drives not $50. They also have about 50% less sustained bandwidth (80MB/s vs 120MB/s).

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    21. Re:What about write speed? by phantomcircuit · · Score: 2, Informative

      Given that 35 TB/week is about 60 MB/second... that's still pretty useful.

    22. Re:What about write speed? by the_other_chewey · · Score: 3, Interesting

      ... a quick google shows present tapes take between 25-50 passes to fill a tape at ~7 minutes per pass, god that's slow.

      Slow? 35TB, 50 passes, 7 minutes per pass: 1.6GB/s (using decimal prefixes of course...)
      I doubt it'll be that fast in practice, but slow it isn't.

    23. Re:What about write speed? by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      Refurb. $50.39 each.

      http://3btech.net/rese507232bu.html

      Regarding the slot loader, because hard drives don't require an expensive tape drive, you don't need such a beast. Assuming you use a series of those open-front FireWire 800 drive trays attached to multiple cards, you can attach at least a couple dozen drives to a computer and address them all at once. This also makes the maximum total sustained bandwidth much greater than that of the tape drive.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    24. Re:What about write speed? by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      Regarding transport, that's not particularly hard. You just use a standard foam-lined briefcase. Punch out slots for the drives. Slip the drive into a foil bag, slide the bag into the slot, repeat. Transport the case. Most of us carry hard drives all the time in laptops with far less protection. A drive that is shut down with the head parked is fairly robust.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    25. Re:What about write speed? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      Compared with shoving a pile of tapes in a cardboard box and sticking them in the corner of a shed for thirty years that is particularly hard. I had about six 1600bpi reels from the 1980s transcribed last year with no errors, the year before it was two or three times that. Tapes have improved a lot since then.

    26. Re:What about write speed? by that+this+is+not+und · · Score: 1

      Most people and organizations would not consider a refurbished bargain-basement hard drive a viable backup media.

    27. Re:What about write speed? by bell.colin · · Score: 1

      That drive in the link is 500GB, NOT 1.5TB, and refurbished.
      The only drive that is 1.5TB is $119 USD http://3btech.net/sebalowpo159.html

    28. Re:What about write speed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Have you considered the cost of paying an army of tech-monkies to swap your 100+ hard drives around to your bank of 24 open-front drive trays vs. the cost of a robot that does the same thing? Or the cost of appropriate impact/vibration dampening cases for storing those drives when they're not in use? Or the complication of manually managing 100+ drives vs. having a barcode/RF ID that the robot can automatically communicate to the backup host?

      Media library management is an important part of large-scale backup and archival systems. If/when someone builds a system that lets you slap a dozen SATA drives into a caddy, finds some way to read the ID those drives without reading data from the disk, and holds 10 such caddies internally, then you'll have something that can compete with a 300-tape robot. Until then we'll be using tape.

    29. Re:What about write speed? by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      Crap. The link from Google clearly said 1.5 TB drive, complete with specs, but the actual page is 500 GB. The company must have either changed the page or is serving bogus data to Google's search bots.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    30. Re:What about write speed? by dgatwood · · Score: 1

      You're dealing with a very unusual amount of data there. I think you'll find that the vast majority of businesses don't have a 300-tape library cabinet.... And the main reason that tape is so expensive is that it is only a good deal when you have an insane amount of data. Economies of scale and all. This problem is likely to continue to get worse.

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    31. Re:What about write speed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      RAID only offers redundancy *not* backup (they are different things) and that second site costs a fortune to fit out at similar levels of hardware as your primary site and also another fortune to power and cool 24/7 because you might need it.

      As for cheaper, tape (per GB) is currently three times cheaper than disk - when energy and other TCO-related details are taken into account then enterprise-class tape approaches 30 times cheaper.

      Considering growing requirements for archival, disk is in no way yet cost-effective, particularly when it comes to energy costs. Tape uses no energy to store data you do not immediately require whereas disk always requires energy, using the data or not.

      As for your bad-capacity statement - that is totally groundless, an enterprise-class library offers far better capacity per square metre of datacentre space or per Watt. Libraries can store data-sets into PB ranges where doing the same on disk is prohibitively expensive.

      Only the very highest-performing enterprise-class arrays can keep up with fully-stacked LTO libraries that are sequentially spooling tape at full-speed. In fact my team is looking forward to more solid-state storage as we will finally have systems that can keep our 24-drive Ultrium library stuffed with data. We see a future of only solid-state and tape - no disk. In 8-10 years that will be routine.

      Tape is incredibly robust, transportable and storable and once a drive is purchased it has essentially infinite capacity (just buy tapes as needed).

      Oh and FYI sales of LTO tape are *growing* year-on-year, not declining - there's life in this dinosaur yet.

      Disk is dead, long live tape.

  6. Is it a VHS or Betamax? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    hmmm... I wonder, I could backup all my server's and desktop's with full uncompressed backup every month on a single cardrige

    1. Re:Is it a VHS or Betamax? by ae1294 · · Score: 1

      This is why AC can't get a IT job... he only tells the interviewers that he uses one tape for his backups...

  7. Man .. fill up your station wagon *those* tapes! by OzPeter · · Score: 0, Redundant

    And see how many "libraries of congress" you can shift coast to coast (google maps says about 41 hours DC to LA by car)

    --
    I am Slashdot. Are you Slashdot as well?
  8. Convenient Units by Zaphod+The+42nd · · Score: 1

    So in other words, 3.6875 GB/ inch^2 We have units for this stuff guys, dunno why we suddenly went back to "billion bits"

    --
    GCS/MU/P d- s:- a-- C++++$ UL++ P+ L++ E+ W++ N o K- w--- O M+ V- PS+++ PE Y+ PGP t+ 5- X R++ tv+ b++ DI++ D++ G+ e++ h-
    1. Re:Convenient Units by Zaphod+The+42nd · · Score: 1

      Hm, I must be doing something wrong, because I went to go see what a standard information density on a HDD platter is, and It looks like 17.57 GB/inch2 and up on modern drives, which is faster than 3.68, not 1 / 39th as the article claims...

      --
      GCS/MU/P d- s:- a-- C++++$ UL++ P+ L++ E+ W++ N o K- w--- O M+ V- PS+++ PE Y+ PGP t+ 5- X R++ tv+ b++ DI++ D++ G+ e++ h-
    2. Re:Convenient Units by mrvan · · Score: 1

      yeah, who would use a unit such as bit when he could also use something like GB?

      And if we're doing the unit thing, what about (centi)meters instead of inches???

    3. Re:Convenient Units by Dishevel · · Score: 1
      Title of TFA.

      IBM Research Sets New Record in Magnetic Tape Data Density

      So the record is specific to magnetic tape.

      --
      Why is it so hard to only have politicians for a few years, then have them go away?
    4. Re:Convenient Units by Zaphod+The+42nd · · Score: 1

      Ah, I see. Guess I need to RTFA instead of skim.

      Though, this suddenly seems a whole lot less important now though.

      --
      GCS/MU/P d- s:- a-- C++++$ UL++ P+ L++ E+ W++ N o K- w--- O M+ V- PS+++ PE Y+ PGP t+ 5- X R++ tv+ b++ DI++ D++ G+ e++ h-
    5. Re:Convenient Units by Dishevel · · Score: 1

      It is a whole lot less important. /.

      --
      Why is it so hard to only have politicians for a few years, then have them go away?
    6. Re:Convenient Units by RivenAleem · · Score: 1

      How many libraries of congress is this?

  9. Tape delay by LostCluster · · Score: 2, Funny

    I'd tell you what the previous record was for backup tape... but it got archived at the end of my last backup and will take a few hours to get back. Sorry, I'll try harder next time.

  10. Lifetime of a tape by suso · · Score: 1

    That's great, but how long will it hold the data?

    1. Re:Lifetime of a tape by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      137ms before data degrades. But that's fine, since this is still above the average time before internet information becomes obsolete.

  11. i had to look up 'areal' by AP31R0N · · Score: 1

    Are`al
    Of or pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves).

    Inclose is a word too. Huh.

    --
    Utilizing the synergization of benchmark e-solutions to pre-workaround action items!
  12. Who needs a station wagon? by MonoSynth · · Score: 1

    Just fill an envelope with MicroSD cards :)

    1. Re:Who needs a station wagon? by afidel · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Storage capacity of this tape ~35,000GB
      LTO tape = 4.15" Height x 0.85" Width x 4.02" Depth or 2,324 mm^3 giving ~15GB/mm^3
      The biggest MicroSD card I could find was 32GB
      Width: 11 mm x Length: 15 mm x Thickness: 1 mm or 165 mm^3 giving 0.194GB/mm^3


      Conclusion:
      This tape trashes microsd for storage density, heck even LTO4 drives beat microsd by ~50%.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    2. Re:Who needs a station wagon? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      LTO tape = 4.15" Height x 0.85" Width x 4.02" Depth or 2,324 mm^3 giving ~15GB/mm^3

      That calculation is not correct.

      4.02" = 105mm
      0.85" = 22mm
      4.02" = 102mm

      105 x 22 x 102 = 235 620 mm^3 (about 100 times more than your calculation)

      35 000 / 235 620 = 0.149 GB/mm^3

      Conclusion: 32GB microsd cards have slightly higher density than these new super tapes.

    3. Re:Who needs a station wagon? by afidel · · Score: 1

      Hmm, you are correct. Must have missed a decimal place somewhere =(

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    4. Re:Who needs a station wagon? by MartinSchou · · Score: 1

      There's something wrong there, and not just in the volume.

      Volume of LTO: 231,142.2 mm^3
      Volume of micro sd: 165 mm^3

      Difference: 1,400 : 1.

      So you need LTO tape to exceed 43.7 TB to match that 32 GB MicroSD card. And that's without looking at the upcomming SD-XC standard which will move towards 2 TB.

    5. Re:Who needs a station wagon? by Sulphur · · Score: 1

      Just fill an envelope with MicroSD cards :)

      Sounds like the old deck drop problem could come back.

  13. SI Units by jandrese · · Score: 1

    For those of you who are confused by these scary looking Terrorbytes, these tapes would hold about a third of a Library of Congress each.

    --

    I read the internet for the articles.
    1. Re:SI Units by jeffmeden · · Score: 2, Informative

      For those of you who are confused by these scary looking Terrorbytes, these tapes would hold about a third of a Library of Congress each.

      I think you meant to say one third of the tape would hold a Library of Congress... 35TB on the tape and a LoC is 10TB, or 20TB by some estimates. So between 1.75 LoC and 3.5 LoC will fit on a single tape.

    2. Re:SI Units by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Isn't a LOC an increasing amount of dta. every new book that is published in the US gets added to it.

    3. Re:SI Units by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What are you talking about? The LoC to TB conversion you are using must be wrong. You should use the Miles of Bookshelves which both publish, that way you don't have any conversion errors.

      http://www.loc.gov/about/facts.html - "The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world, with nearly 142 million items on approximately 650 miles of bookshelves."

      So these tapes doing 248 miles per tape the LoC being ~650 miles, means it is ~38% of the LoC on a tape, roughly the 1/3 that was posted.

  14. Oh boy! by RevWaldo · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Now governments and big corporations can misplace even *more* data!

    "The Library of Congress burned down? No worries chief! I got the whole thing backed up on the tape right here in my desk. (opens and closes drawers) Right here.. in.. my... oh shizzle."

  15. How long does it last? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's always sobering to watch shows like Population Zero etc. and realize that our civ. may be completely undiscoverable come 2k years from now.

    1. Re:How long does it last? by KlomDark · · Score: 1

      That's what garbage dumps are for - they are going to be fascinated digging through all our trash.

  16. In other news... by seven+of+five · · Score: 4, Funny

    Joe's Pizza Delivery and Data Courier Co loses the personal health and financial records of every human being on earth.

  17. so what... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    tape still sucks. higher density just means you lose more faster when you can't read back the headers etc. You still get the joys of sequential access, of which the only true component is the ability to go get a coffee while the tape drive picks its teeth before actually streaming bits.

    1. Re:so what... by afidel · · Score: 1

      Uh, we've had two tape failures in the last 4,440 and one of those was dropped, I've lost WAY more HDD's in the same amount of time and I have about 80% fewer drives and they aren't being shipped all over the place.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
  18. Just don't sneeze on the tape by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Oops. We didn't need that 35TB of data anyway.

  19. Is There by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    a USB port for my Kindle uploads?

    Thanks in advance.

    Yours In Murmansk,
    Kilgore Trout

  20. blu-ray movies on my VHS by viking80 · · Score: 1

    finally a magnetic tape that will allow me to record blu-ray movies on my VHS cassettes with full 1080p.

    --
    don't cut it off www.mgmbill.org
    1. Re:blu-ray movies on my VHS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hah, nice one. This tape has little to do with VHS, especially with respect to compatibility.

    2. Re:blu-ray movies on my VHS by JackSpratts · · Score: 1

      1500 blu-rays, sir.

    3. Re:blu-ray movies on my VHS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dude, it's 35 TB, not GB.

  21. Units by Arancaytar · · Score: 1

    "29.5 billion bits per square inch"

    I'm sorry, what?

    Could we have this in libraries of congress per furlong?

    1. Re:Units by jeffmeden · · Score: 1

      Given that there are 7920 inches in a furlong, and .00036 LoCs in an inch of tape, we know that the tape's density is 2.8 LoC/inch-furlongs or 22,000 LoC/Sq. Furlong

    2. Re:Units by KlomDark · · Score: 1

      Edward's at the library again?

  22. Finally by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Oh boy! Finally a media that can hold my porn collection.

  23. That's pretty cool by Hazelfield · · Score: 1

    Too bad IBM don't make hard disk drives anymore...

    1. Re:That's pretty cool by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  24. Amanda Seyfried/Julianne Moore Sex Scene? Check! by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    > IBM Sets Areal Density Record for Magnetic Tape

    From the trailer for Chloe, it looks like Amanda Seyfried has a very low areolar density, due to it's large size.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  25. TAPE, and the C64 - A Story Now Worth Telling by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Back when computers where the domain on the cool, long before the time of the luser, tape was the thing to have for data storage. I am thrilled to see it come back. I can only hope it is off-white, has rounded corners, and has mechanical buttons to push and play. And of course, being tape, you can rest assured that the integrity of the data is there because you have two copies, one after the other. But don't put it on the radiator. Port 123, I love you!

    1. Re:TAPE, and the C64 - A Story Now Worth Telling by GameboyRMH · · Score: 1

      I love having my time sync'ed up too ^_^

      --
      "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
    2. Re:TAPE, and the C64 - A Story Now Worth Telling by awyeah · · Score: 1

      I am thrilled to see it come back

      Tape's been around. Consumers don't use it, but plenty of IT shops do. It's a wonderful medium for backup.

      --
      Why, no, I haven't meta-moderated lately. Thanks for asking!
    3. Re:TAPE, and the C64 - A Story Now Worth Telling by jthill · · Score: 1

      Tape's been around.

      Shoulda stopped there :)

      --
      As always, all IMO. Insert "I think" everywhere grammatically possible.
  26. Stupid Units by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Why bother explaining how many miles of bookshelves would be needed to hold some amount of digital data? We don't explain how long a bookshelf would have to be to hold all the data in an HDTV screenful, and 35TB data tapes are probably going to hold more graphics than text. Besides, how big is the type in the books filling that shelf? And who but a librarian is going to relate to miles of bookshelves as a meaningful comparison, anyway?

    Why don't they say "a 35TB tape is enough to hold 5 million full CDs, or 7,778 full DVDs? That's a comparison that people could actually relate to, that is actually factual, and isn't just some kind of primitive awe at how efficient we've become now that we store data on something not made of mashed trees.

    --

    --
    make install -not war

    1. Re:Stupid Units by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Honestly, I can't even picture what 5 million CD's would look like. Would they fill a 2000 sq ft house? Five 2000 sq ft houses? I can picture a mile of bookshelves though. If someone told me a device could store 5 million CD's worth of data, I'd multiply 5 million by 700MB to come up with a figure. The bookshelf thing isn't meant to be an exact measurement, obviously. The size of the type in that many books would average out.

    2. Re:Stupid Units by Gothmolly · · Score: 1

      Ironic, that the mashed trees you so easily dismiss will actually outlast your fancy-schmancy tapes.

      --
      I want to delete my account but Slashdot doesn't allow it.
    3. Re:Stupid Units by OzPeter · · Score: 1

      You never worked with VAX documentation did you? That stuff demanded measurements in bookshelf lengths.

      --
      I am Slashdot. Are you Slashdot as well?
    4. Re:Stupid Units by Stratoukos · · Score: 1

      Why don't they say "a 35TB tape is enough to hold 5 million full CDs, or 7,778 full DVDs? That's a comparison that people could actually relate to, that is actually factual, and isn't just some kind of primitive awe at how efficient we've become now that we store data on something not made of mashed trees.

      And since we're on slashdot this is redundant too. Is there anyone reading this article and going "Golly gee 35TB, that's a mighty big number. I wonder how many CDs/DVDs/Libraries of Congress would fit in there".

      I wonder if astrophysicists say stuff like "The diameter of the visible universe is 93 billion light years. That's 5 million billion billions Washington monuments"

      --
      It may be 7 digits, but at least it's a semiprime
    5. Re:Stupid Units by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      5 million CDs is about the CD collection of a city of 500,000, which is most of the second-tier cities in the US. 7778 DVDs is all the movies you'd see if you saw two a week for your entire life.

      These are figures people can relate to. Saying it in miles of bookshelves communicates nothing. They might as well explain it in hogsheads per furlong, or "libraries of Congress" the way they used to.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    6. Re:Stupid Units by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      That is in no way ironic. And I didn't dismiss that tech at all. I just pointed out that comparing these high density, machine-only readable digital storage media to books is nonsense.

      But given your reading comprehension, maybe there really is no difference.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    7. Re:Stupid Units by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      Actually I did, when I used to program the GIGI and VMS in DCL.

      All the DEC docs might fit on the first few cm of these new IBM tapes. But since there's no call to read them, the bookshelves make for better trophy cases. "In the trophy case is an ancient parchment which appears to be a map."

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    8. Re:Stupid Units by StuartHankins · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry, I'm just not getting it. Can I get a car analogy please?

    9. Re:Stupid Units by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Exactly! And every Joe Sixpack out there is already familiar with gigabytes and terabytes from the new stuff in his living room. Using the idiotic "standard book" (wtf?) metric is an insult to all intelligence. I have to go look up who wrote that and email something back.

  27. LoC by Dilligent · · Score: 1

    huh? Weird metrics... Why not just tell us it's about 3.5 LoC ?

  28. 248 Miles of Books by ISoldat53 · · Score: 1

    Almost enough to hold Robert Jordan's "The Wheel of Time."

  29. Tape is not the best solution by Zugok · · Score: 2, Informative

    As Linus has said before 'Only wimps use tape backup: real men just upload their important stuff on ftp, and let the rest of the world mirror it'

    --
    "I just can't sit while people are saying nonsense in a meeting without saying it's nonsense" J Watson, Sci Am 288:(4)51
    1. Re:Tape is not the best solution by StuartHankins · · Score: 1

      Exactly. Having all your "tapes in one basket" is not good for DR planning. Large-scale distributed networks help, you just have to make sure NOT to tie them all into one another (and end up replicating a "delete" too quickly for instance).

      In our company, we take a multilayered approach, basically we sync data from multiple servers to an offsite server, which then goes to a daily tape. The tapes are taken out of the building each day and returned 3 weeks later to be reused. Monthly DVD's of critical systems are placed in bank vaults. It's worked very well for us, YMMV and all that. But we aren't required to keep data more than 7 years.

    2. Re:Tape is not the best solution by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Then again, Linus is an asshole. There, I said it.
      I saw a couple of his speeches, and he usually personally insults his listeners as idiots. (E.g. when he talked about git, and some of them used SVN in their businesses.)
      People just laugh in a confused/embarassed way, because they either don’t dare telling him not to insult them, because that would make the others go “How dare you insult the great Linus!”, despite being insulted by him, just seconds earlier. Or because they can’t believe it, and don’t know how to process it.

      On mailing lists he’s no better.
      He might have been the original creator of Linux, and he gets my respect for that.
      But that does not mean, he can act like a dick.

      I just hope, he dares to do it when I’m in the audience. Because I dare to say it right in his face, in front of everybody.

  30. BAH! Disk will rule.. 1TB SATA $80 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sure it sounds great.
    By the time the drives and cartridges come out disk will still be cheaper.
    Tape is dead.
    The cost and speed issues will kill tape unless they get these advances from the lab to the store FAST.
    1TB SATA $80

  31. Tape+Tapedrive is the system, not just the tape. by seawall · · Score: 1

    What tape has over hard disks is simplicity.

    Yes and No (mostly "No"). Although a tape cartridge can be a physically reliable device; tape drives (except perhaps at the extreme high end) are typically not. Further, they often evolve in not-backwards-compatible ways.

    A disk drive contains both the media and the mechanism. It typically costs 2x as much as tape EVEN IF YOU CONSIDER THE WHOLE DRIVE THE MEDIA.

    Tape drives, on the other hand, are expensive and touchy beasts where the moving parts are exposed to air and dust.

    Further while the mechanism to read the tape involves some kind of fairly standard interface that doesn't change all that fast (e.g. SCSI, IDE) the tape itself tends to evolve. Reading a first generation 8mm Exabyte tape isn't even possible on recent tape drives (is that format even still in use?).

    A disk more typically needs to have some kind of format that's still around, power and a standard interface (SCSI, IDE) and that's it.

    This means the total system: tape+drive is less likely (in my opinion) to be available/documented/repairable than a disk drive.

    I've read 20 year old tapes and 20 year old disks and neither was a pleasant experience....but I'll take the disks. Especially if I have a lot of the same kind of disks (for parts). Also, I suspect less magnetic leakage since in a tape the magnetic regions are close to each other in 3 rather than 2 dimensions.

    Reliably reading 50 year old tapes for any reasonable amount of money is, again in my opinion, something of a fantasy. Same for magnetic disks at that age although I have hopes for DVD-type media....but I am not an expert in archive media, just someone that actually has to read the stuff.

  32. In european informatics units, that is: by Hurricane78 · · Score: 1

    About 545.09 MB/cm^2.

    Doesn’t sound that great now, compared to a hard disk, does it?

    --
    Any sufficiently advanced intelligence is indistinguishable from stupidity.
    1. Re:In european informatics units, that is: by Hurricane78 · · Score: 1

      Oh, I forgot the link to Google:
      http://www.google.com/search?q=29.5+billion+bits+per+square+inch+to+MB+%2F+cm^2

      Man, their syntax interpretation is great. I wish Qalqulate! were that great. It refuses the conversion with “Error(s) in unitexpression.“.

      --
      Any sufficiently advanced intelligence is indistinguishable from stupidity.
  33. Yeah by DrYak · · Score: 1

    It takes real silicon experts to achieve this.

    --
    "Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]
  34. Areola density by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Naturally, areola density is encoded in Braille.

    My research hasn't been as extensive as I'd like, but I've come to the conclusion that the information density of the areola is pretty limited. One bit per areola is the most I've encountered so far.

  35. 399 km of bookshelves? by MathiasRav · · Score: 1