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Earliest "Writing" On 60,000-Year-Old Eggshells

New Scientist reports on research published in PNAS (abstract here) about what may be the earliest writing yet discovered, on eggshells dated to 60,000 years ago. "Since 1999, Pierre-Jean Texier of the University of Bordeaux, France, and his colleagues have uncovered 270 fragments of shell at the Diepkloof Rock Shelter in the Western Cape, South Africa. They show the same symbols are used over and over again, and the team say there are signs that the symbols evolved over 5,000 years. This long-term repetition is a hallmark of symbolic communication and a sign of modern human thinking, say the team. [Another researcher is quoted:] 'Judging from what we know about the evolution of art all over the world, there may have been many [written language] traditions that were born, lasted for some time, and then vanished. This may be one of them, most probably not the first and certainly not the last.'"

50 of 214 comments (clear)

  1. The inscription by bl8n8r · · Score: 2, Funny

    Mmmmmmmm.... bacon

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    1. Re:The inscription by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Wrong wrong wrong, it's the prehistoric form of 'best before' date written in an ancient numeral system (similiar to roman numerals).

    2. Re:The inscription by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      no no no no... it says "First Post!"

    3. Re:The inscription by should_be_linear · · Score: 2, Funny

      It if fragment of lonegr text, and says "Even if they never come back to this planet again, these flying cars are positively coolest thing _ever_".

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  2. The writing says by click2005 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The writing says

    Best Before: Birth of Christ

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    1. Re:The writing says by click2005 · · Score: 4, Funny

      Or "I came first" signed by a chicken

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    2. Re:The writing says by lastgoodnickname · · Score: 5, Funny

      The rooster came first. Then left, not realizing what he had started. Said he'd call, but never did...prehistoric bastard!

  3. The amazing human journey by elrous0 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In 60,000 years we've progressed from scratching symbols on eggshells and shitting in caves to producing electronic television shows like "Jersey Shore" and "The Hills." How far we've come.

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    1. Re:The amazing human journey by JeanBaptiste · · Score: 5, Funny

      I still shit in a cave, you insensitive clod!

    2. Re:The amazing human journey by lordmetroid · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Actually, all research points that they had a lot more spare time, meats of various kinds is a very energy dense food item, grain production requires a whole lot of work for piss porr nutritional values in comparision.

    3. Re:The amazing human journey by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I always suspected that the theme of the lost "golden age" present in many creation myths is a faint echo of the change from a pure hunter-gatherer existance, where, given a low population density, food was abundant, to a settled farmer existance with high population density and the resulting resource shortage and long days of hard work. Those myths have a long oral tradition - it would not surprise me if this theme reaches back to the neolithic revolution. Interestingly, the loss of the golden age is often closely coupled with flood myths. This, too, points to a neolithic origin - memories of the floodings accompanying the end of the last ice age.

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    4. Re:The amazing human journey by timeOday · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I always suspected that the theme of the lost "golden age" present in many creation myths is a faint echo of the change from a pure hunter-gatherer existance, where, given a low population density, food was abundant

      Huh? The population density was low because the carrying capacity was low, precisely because food was scarce. The subsequent explosion in the human population (still ongoing for the most part) indicates we have been in an unusual transitory period where food has been plentiful, due to agriculture.

    5. Re:The amazing human journey by radtea · · Score: 4, Informative

      Don't get me wrong, I am not saying all this is true,

      Good, because it's all false. Hunter-gatherer societies can in rare cases have more free time for social interaction, but everything we've seen of hunter-gatherer societies in the modern world gives the lie to every other aspect of your speculation.

      Hunter-gatherer societies are in general hierachical, war-like, mysogynstic, and rigidly bound by social mores that would make the Victorians look like libertines.

      Look at pre-contact Polynesian societies, for example: women weren't allowed in canoes, which is more extreme than even modern Saudi Arabia, where women are at least allowed to be passengers in the primary mode of transportation.

      Studies of non-agricultural North American native societies suggest that war-like violence was the primary cause of death amongst young men.

      Existing "stone age" Amazonian peoples have used gang rape as a means of social control in the past century (see the book "Anxious Pleasures" for an interesting ethnography of an Amazonian tribe, focused on sexual mores.)

      And so on. There is a wealth of detailed empirical data putting the lie to the whole "noble savage" "golden age" myth: modern, liberal, democratic, technological, market-oriented societies are the most peaceful, caring, inclusive, egalitarian, ecologically friendly cultures that have ever existed.

      We have problems because we still have people who are heirs to the sociopathic psychology of earlier times, both hunter-gatherer and agricultural, and we are so enormously successful that our very numbers have created problems that other peoples could only dream of.

      But don't kid yourself: this is the golden age, and if you're posting on ./ you're one of the "noble citizens" that future generations will look back on with envy and wonder. Kinda sad, ain't it?

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    6. Re:The amazing human journey by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Doubt that. Hunting take much time and energy and is an all year round activity - you can't store it unless you have salt - while grain harvesting take ~3 weeks and can be stored indefinitely as long as you keep it dry.

      You doubt? Don't. Research shows that the transition to neolithic agriculture was accompanied by appearance of nutritional deficiencies, skeletal deformations (quern mill took its toll), severe dental problems and most likely by an increase of work having to be carried out daily from the average of three work hours to twelve work hours (per day).

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    7. Re:The amazing human journey by tresho · · Score: 2, Insightful

      pre-contact Polynesian societies, for example: women weren't allowed in canoes -- Those barbarians made their women swim to the uninhabited islands while the men got to ride in the canoes.

    8. Re:The amazing human journey by Tyler+Durden · · Score: 2, Informative

      Errr... citation needed.

      It was pretty hilarious to go here and read in the first paragraph the exact opposite of what you just said.

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    9. Re:The amazing human journey by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I think I have to clarify something here - I am certainly not adhering to any "noble savage" theory here. I completely agree that from our point of view the quality of life and societal structure of hunter-gatherer societies are nothing desirable at all and with your assessment of the relative merits of our society compared to it. What I was arguing was that from the perspective of an early farmer, life has not really improved in the course of the neolithic revolution. I am not saying that there was a golden age we should strive to get back. I am saying that for the early neolithic farmer it might have looked that way, thus giving rise to the golden age myth present in so many cultures.

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    10. Re:The amazing human journey by Unequivocal · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Plus plus. The research I've read (disclaimer: grad school drop-out in Anthro) is that farming/agriculture permits higher density living -- more peeps per sq kilometer. It requires more time investment per person to get the same calories, but you can do it on much less land. It also permits more specialization (I make the ploughs, you raise the oxen, he plows the fields) in society due to logistic simplifications (we live close enough to each other to make the exchanges frequently), as well as the inherent monetization created by storable crops (he pays you and me with the barley he grows).

      Your point on nutrition in mono-crop societies is a good one too -- if you live on mostly barley, you might be getting the calories but not the nutrients that a family wandering from place to place eating varied roots, nuts, berries and wild game is getting.

  4. More images by Concern · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I wish in articles like these they presented more of the source images, and in higher resolution. The small sample they provide is beautiful, but to the layman appears as a kind of meandering, simple decoration. Of course the claims are limited: communication via graphic art is distinct from communication via modern written languages.

    It's interesting to imagine the first lonely human writers at the dawn of written language - how many wrote things only they themselves could understand, before coincidence formed the first community of proto-literate people? How much of this early writing was just the smooth flow of art - abstract or representational - into more concrete meanings relevant to the every day lives even of the illterate?

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    1. Re:More images by ShadowRangerRIT · · Score: 4, Insightful

      For the earliest forms of "writing" I suspect there were no "lonely" writers. The earliest forms likely being one step away from pictures, if they simply explain it to the other members of their group then it's pure memorization. Some languages (e.g. Chinese) are still like this, with specific symbols representing a word or concept instead of representing sounds or syllables. The written form of Chinese is mostly the same across the country, while the spoken language differs; the symbols have nothing to do with the pronunciation, they simply express the concept.

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    2. Re:More images by anss123 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The written form of Chinese is mostly the same across the country, while the spoken language differs; the symbols have nothing to do with the pronunciation, they simply express the concept.

      Does this means that people that can't talk to each other can write instead? Convenient then, no need to learn multiple languages.

    3. Re:More images by amplt1337 · · Score: 2, Informative

      the symbols have nothing to do with the pronunciation, they simply express the concept.

      Not quite. There's actually considerable phonetic information encoded in Chinese characters. They've just kept their original shape as the phonetics of the language shifted -- the written language is separately conservative from the spoken one. It's a process which we Anglophones should be familiar with -- but then, *cough*, ploughing through these kinds of rough waters, one is often inclined to keep one's unconsidered beliefs...

      In any event, Chinese characters are typically formed of combinations of smaller characters, which typically still have either semantic or phonetic meaning (or both). They are not arbitrary.

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    4. Re:More images by daremonai · · Score: 5, Funny
      I wish in articles like these they presented more of the source images, and in higher resolution.

      Unfortunately, they can't; early humans had established a 70,000-year copyright period. And their DMCA takedown notices come by club and bone-tipped arrow.

    5. Re:More images by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Does this means that people that can't talk to each other can write instead? Convenient then, no need to learn multiple languages.

      Yes, that is true. Mandarin and cantonese writings will be comprehensible to each other, but not the spoken language. It is not something that is very unusual. China formed into a large empire 2500 years ago and established an enduring bureaucracy. The Mandarins (palace officials) collected data from the vast empire and established common writing systems. But local languages adopted the symbol-meaning map but kept their own pronunciation. Eventually minor dialects died out leaving behind just two large spoken language systems.

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    6. Re:More images by Monkeedude1212 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The written form of Chinese is mostly the same across the country, while the spoken language differs; the symbols have nothing to do with the pronunciation, they simply express the concept.

      Does this means that people that can't talk to each other can write instead? Convenient then, no need to learn multiple languages.

      Yes - actually, funny anecdotal story about things like that. A friend of mine went and travelled the world and he said one of the most interesting quirks about China is that everyone knows the symbols, but not the words.

      So - when you are in lets say Germany, and you are looking for a Coffee shop, and you ask the person next to you - and they speak German not English, but you don't know the German word for Coffee. You might use words like Café, and so on and so forth, speaking to the person using different words to get your meaning across.

      In China, whenever someone comes across a word they don't know (and it happens quite frequently) - they hold out their hand, and use the index finger of their opposite hand to draw out the symbol of the word you are looking for. This works so well because their symbols mean the words instead of the sounds.

    7. Re:More images by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 3, Informative

      I think he meant speakers of different languages (Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, ect) within China, not neighboring countries. They use an alphabet, Hangul, in Korea, which is not the Chinese characters, Hanzi. Same way with Japan. Their borrowed Chinese characters many times have different meanings (although they might be able to pick out some meaning here and there), and they also rely on a syllabary, Kana, in their wringing. Chinese has left major linguistic marks on neighboring languages like Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese (which is written with a form of the Latin alphabet, they could no more understand Chinese characters than your average English speaker), but you can't read Chinese on the virtue of knowing them.

    8. Re:More images by anss123 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Intriguing idea but I suspect it would be somewhat like reading Babelfish translated text. Metaphor, grammar and even context (words that have different meaning depending on context) translates badly.

    9. Re:More images by Adelbert · · Score: 3, Informative

      According to a tentative theory mentioned in Ancient Egypt: A Very Short Introduction, it's possible that the early Ancient Egyptians heard about the technology of "written languages", and then got their top scientists onto replicating the concept, in order to try to correct the economic and military disparity that would result from being illiterate in a literate world.

      I'm not sure how well accepted this hypothesis is, but I find it an intriguing idea. It certainly fits in with the behaviour of nations today, as they scramble to try to replicate nuclear technology, say, or high quality Internet search engines.

    10. Re:More images by AthanasiusKircher · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The small sample they provide is beautiful, but to the layman appears as a kind of meandering, simple decoration.

      Indeed. Without some further explanation, the images look like these could simply be something like decorated eggs. Lots of cultures have done it over many millennia, and the patterns you often see are quite complex. My grandmother used to make a Russian/Ukrainian form of them, and she clearly "evolved" patterns of lines by varying those made by her mother and other women in her community.

      I'm not saying the researchers don't know what they're talking about. Just from the description of "repetitive patterns" and the images, it's hard to see the difference between language and decoration in this case.

  5. Translation: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Kilroy will be here

  6. Shopping List by wjousts · · Score: 5, Funny

    Turns out it was a shopping list. First item on the list? Eggs.

    1. Re:Shopping List by Dan+East · · Score: 5, Funny

      Then what came first? The shopping list or the egg?

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  7. Vinca by dargaud · · Score: 3, Insightful

    There are several proto-writings, such as the Vinca script which are fascinating, but also hotly debated.

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  8. Re:FP by AndrewNeo · · Score: 2, Funny

    Is misread this into something along the lines of, "Beware of Chuck Norris"

  9. Ancient traditions by digitalhermit · · Score: 4, Funny

    They show the same symbols are used over and over again, and the team say there are signs that the symbols evolved over 5,000 years. This long-term repetition is a hallmark of symbolic communication and a sign of modern human thinking, say the team.

    Indeed, this is quite true and the tradition continues. It's hard to imagine our forebears scratching symbols in eggshell and that one day it would lead to us scratching symbols in kornshell. The shells then were quite fragile, barely able to withstand an errant pointer. A misplaced hash would lead to a shell escape. And don't even get me started on bash. When the ancients were using eggshell, there were many competing mediums. Deer horns and bits of pottery, jade, flecks of obsidian -- they were all prettier and easier to work with. Today it's the same -- there's ruby and perl and a host of others -- but kornshell, and its ancestor eggshell, will always have a place in my heart,

  10. I have examined the shells... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    I have examined the shells, and have been able to decipher the images. It reads...

    VERY FIRST POST.

  11. Re:FP by krou · · Score: 4, Funny

    I wouldn't be surprised if they were warning each other of Chuck Norris 60,000 years ago.

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  12. High-res photo... by kirill.s · · Score: 2, Informative

    We need some better pics.
    From home it looks now, my best bet is that it's just an ornament of some sort.

    This looks somewhat better than the pics in the summary link. (Or have I not found the good ones?)

  13. I suspect ancient "Einsteins" were possible by peter303 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    By an ancient Einstein, I mean someone who develops as significant piece of technology in a single generation. Like fossils in evolutions, this could be so fast that it was not saved in the archeologic record. Two Examples:
    Egyptian pyramids went for stacked sand-walled mastabas to full-blown monsters in less than a century. This was attributed to creativity of Imhotep. (also credited with inventing columns in architecture).

    The idea of purely phonetic alphabet seen to arise instantly in the archeological record in Ugarit 3400 years ago. It was adapted to Phonecia, Greece, Isreal, Rome etc. Most previous writing systems had combination of pure ideographs and phonetic syllables- ideographs borrowed because they sound like other works (like people do in charades).

  14. writing on egg shells last longer than Disk Drives by goffster · · Score: 2

    Or for DVD's for that matter

  15. Roc hunting game by lymond01 · · Score: 2, Funny

    "Thag! We finally managed to climb to the great bird nest in level 3 peak. There was a mini-game! Look at the writing on this egg!"

    "Let me see that..."

    [You are in a clearing. A small cabin sits to the east. A dark forest is to the north. Impenetrable bushes are to the south and west. Choose the blue egg to go east. Choose the red egg to go north.]

    "Oooh...Dark forest sounds cool. Open the red egg!"

    [It is dark. You are likely to be eaten by a grue.]

    Both cavemen frown.

    "Not very original. This just happened to Grok yesterday."

  16. It says... by goffster · · Score: 2, Funny

    Get viagra cheap at mongo's monster med madness sale!

  17. Re:FP by play_in_traffic · · Score: 2, Funny

    Hello World

  18. Re:FP by lastgoodnickname · · Score: 5, Funny

    why do you think there's only "fragments" left? Chuck Norris was there .

  19. No matter how minimalistic, this *is* amazing. by blind+biker · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Perhaps these symbols were still far from forming a structured script. Still, from the article it seems that they were used for communication, which is the main goal of writing. The reason why this is amazing is clear when you put it into the context of humankind 60.000 years later: we STILL have tribes that have no concept of writing, and in some countries analphabetism is affecting large swaths of the population.

    That reminds me of Civilization, when you "find Writing in scrolls of ancient wisdom". Who knows how much of such "ancient wisdom" was lost and then re-developed only to be lost again, during these past tens of millennia. In fact, a lot of the engineering and science developed during the Apollo program, with the passing of Wernher von Braun and some of his colleagues, can well be considered lost. Sorry for the digression.

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  20. I saw a study on this... by sean.peters · · Score: 5, Informative

    ... and as I recall, the results were that hunter-gatherers were better nourished (both in terms of just calories and the various essential nutrients) than earlier farming populations... on average. The trouble was that excursions from the "average" were a lot bigger for the hunter gatherers.. it was quite literally feast or famine. So although the H-G populations got more nutrition over the course of, say, a year, they were also more likely to starve to death during the lean times. Agriculture was, comparatively, a sure thing, which is why most groups took to it. But the move wasn't without cost - for one thing, you ended up having to work a lot harder to be successful at agriculture, as someone pointed out above.

    1. Re:I saw a study on this... by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2, Funny

      The thought that humans 60 000 years ago may be smarter than us today amused me.

      I am sure that the dolphins are amused by the opposite idea.

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    2. Re:I saw a study on this... by jameskojiro · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Bullshit: Eskimoes, FTW!

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  21. All your cave... by zawarski · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...are belong to us.