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Scientists Turn T-Shirts Into Body Armor

separsons writes "Scientists at the University of South Carolina recently transformed ordinary T-shirts into bulletproof armor. By splicing cotton with boron, the third hardest material on the planet, scientists created a shirt that was super elastic but also strong enough to deflect bullets. Xiaodong Li, lead researcher on the project, says the same tech may eventually be used to create lightweight, fuel-efficient cars and aircrafts."

47 of 213 comments (clear)

  1. Unforeseen consequences by treeves · · Score: 4, Funny

    What happens if I'm wearing one of these tee-shirts when my nipples explode with delight?

    --
    ...the future crusty old bastards are already drinking the Kool-Aid.
    1. Re:Unforeseen consequences by munozdj · · Score: 2, Funny

      You will not buy that tee-shirt, it is scratched.

      --
      Democracy: Crowdsourcing a country near you
  2. +5 T-Shirt of Nerding by masmullin · · Score: 5, Funny

    Brings my AC to 15!

    1. Re:+5 T-Shirt of Nerding by bacon+volcano · · Score: 4, Funny

      And it's super-elastic, so no Dex penalty!

    2. Re:+5 T-Shirt of Nerding by Nutria · · Score: 2, Informative

      Brings my AC to 15!

      Am I the only one to notice that AC 15 is just incredibly disastrous??

      Certainly you mean AC -15.

      --
      "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
    3. Re:+5 T-Shirt of Nerding by shaitand · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Sounds like the lame arse puny D&D as opposed to the uber AD&D

    4. Re:+5 T-Shirt of Nerding by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      yes, but this is balanced somewhat by an addition -5 to charisma.

  3. How elastic? by chill · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It isn't going to help much if the bullet has enough force to make the t-shirt penetrate you. If we're talking a 2-inch stretch, then it'll make things less messy, but no less lethal.

    --
    Learning HOW to think is more important than learning WHAT to think.
    1. Re:How elastic? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Two inches of penetration... Sounds like a job for me!

    2. Re:How elastic? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Actually the elasticity of these things change with the among of force applied. When you try to punch these things hard (just like a bullet does) they seem to rigid. But when you try to handle them with less force, like try to slowly pull or push them (just like when you try to wear them), they seem to be really elastic.

      So your question should be rephrased as how elastic it is, when a bullet strikes it? Is is strong enough to distribute the force of the bullet through out your torso and not cause a serious dent?

    3. Re:How elastic? by magarity · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's exactly why bulletproof vests have metal plates in them; to help spread the energy. And ribs still get broken. That's why the hope is to make lightweight vehicles, not better bulletproof-wear.

    4. Re:How elastic? by XiaoMing · · Score: 5, Informative

      I think "bulletproof t-shirts" is just a bit of verbal hyperbole from the reporter, albeit fitting in regards to the process that led to the creation of this material.

      The main breakthrough of the process is that the third strongest material in the world, which was previously only accessible in a ceramic (read: brittle and crystalline) form can now be formed around templates of carbon fibers (the aforementioned, t-shirts baked to perfection).

      In other articles, the main emphasis is definitely on this new stronger material being an improvement on current ballistic fibers such as Kevlar.

      Popsci article:
      http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-04/armored-t-shirts-contain-boron-carbide-nanowires?cpage=1

    5. Re:How elastic? by mister_playboy · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Actually the elasticity of these things change with the among of force applied. When you try to punch these things hard (just like a bullet does) they seem to rigid. But when you try to handle them with less force, like try to slowly pull or push them (just like when you try to wear them), they seem to be really elastic.

      Sounds similar to the way a cornflour and water mixture works.

      --
      Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law ::: Love is the law, love under will
    6. Re:How elastic? by kehren77 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Actually the elasticity of these things change with the among of force applied. When you try to punch these things hard (just like a bullet does) they seem to rigid. But when you try to handle them with less force, like try to slowly pull or push them (just like when you try to wear them), they seem to be really elastic.

      So your question should be rephrased as how elastic it is, when a bullet strikes it? Is is strong enough to distribute the force of the bullet through out your torso and not cause a serious dent?

      Good... the slow blade penetrates the shield...

    7. Re:How elastic? by JWSmythe · · Score: 5, Insightful

          Nah, it would only increase the use of force. "The tazer didn't work, so we shot him in the head."

          Bullet proof vests are only good if the bullet his your chest. It doesn't help in other areas.

          In reality, "bullet proof" materials are only good at spreading the energy out. They're worthless against more focused forces. It may stop a 9mm (blunt tip), but it won't stop a .223 (sharp tip), and probably won't do much against the electrodes of a tazer, or a knife. That's why they make rifle plating to go into kevlar vests. They're heavy, but they'll help protect against more serious rounds. With serious rounds (like a .50 BMG), you can't carry enough armor to help you, and even if you did, it can only displace the energy so far. If it was able to prevent the round from piercing the armor, you'd simply be crushed by the force.

          Best advice for not getting killed by bullets? Don't get yourself on the wrong end of a firearm. I've managed to be safe wearing regular t-shirts as protection for over 30 years, because I've never put myself in the way of a weapon. :)

      --
      Serious? Seriousness is well above my pay grade.
    8. Re:How elastic? by tomhudson · · Score: 2, Funny

      Next: Reactive Armour T-Shirt!!! I'll be RICH!!! (or dead).

    9. Re:How elastic? by AHuxley · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "hope is to make lightweight vehicles"
      South Africa had them for years via its many years of bush wars.
      The main change is BAE is selling real tech to the world based on its new licensing deals.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    10. Re:How elastic? by Terminal+Saint · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Penetration obviously isn't ideal, but having the bullet contained by the shirt would still be a preferable outcome to outright penetration. One of the reasons the Mongols wore silk armor was that when struck by an arrow, the arrow would often fail to pierce the silk. This made removing arrows much easier and cleaner, which meant less downtime for wounded fighters.

      --
      It's sad when choosing an installation directory on your own qualifies you as an "advanced user."
    11. Re:How elastic? by LBt1st · · Score: 3, Interesting

      This would have more uses then just people getting shot at. Anyone who may take a blow from something could benefit. Like construction workers, police, perhaps animal handlers, motorcyclists.. If they make gloves there would be even more uses.

    12. Re:How elastic? by modecx · · Score: 3, Informative

      Ye old flak vests had metal. However, in my experience, no modern vests have metal plates at all. If a vest has a metal component, it is usually kept in a pouch *on the front* of the vest, where a bullet simply passes through, to be absorbed by the kevlar/aramid/textile component--offering virtually no benefit against bullets or their blunt trauma.

      What it does, however, is give protection against stabbing and puncture weapons, which traditional vests alone do not protect against. Even then, the metal insert stuff is two or three generations ago--haven't seen it in ages, really. I think most of the current anti-stab products incorporate layers of lexan/acrylic, possibly as well as additional bullet resistant material.

      Anyway, getting back to the point: there are a number of blunt trauma pads/products generally meant to cover the sternum area, which go in behind the vest. Addressing one other post in this thread: there is at least one such product that incorporates non-Newtonian fluids. The steel layers went away because they were too inflexible, too ineffective, and they really made you sweat--even more so than a vest already does.

      just my $0.02

      --
      Constitutional rights may be respected, repealed, or modified; but they must never be ignored.
    13. Re:How elastic? by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 4, Informative

      The force applied to the target by a bullet is less than or equal to the force applied to the hand or shoulder of the shooter. If it didn't knock the shooter over, it probably won't knock you over, if the force is spread over a larger area. Newton's laws still apply...

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    14. Re:How elastic? by Nutria · · Score: 3, Informative

      Its twice the weight as ceramic plates.

      Not only that, but the ceramic is usually boron carbide.

      --
      "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
    15. Re:How elastic? by Mashiara · · Score: 2, Informative

      to nitpick: the gas wents and the semi/full -auto mechanism eat a nontrivial amount energy of the "equal but opposite reaction".

    16. Re:How elastic? by AbRASiON · · Score: 3, Funny

      My girlfriend asked me to give her 3 inches and make it hurt, so I put it in 3 times then punched her in the back of the head :(

    17. Re:How elastic? by dunkelfalke · · Score: 2, Informative

      You forget one thing, though. Shooters are generally standing in a very stable stance exactly for the reason not being knocked down. Try a less stable stance and the recoil might just knock you off your feet.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    18. Re:How elastic? by EaglemanBSA · · Score: 2

      The energy applied to the target by a bullet is less than or roughly equal to the energy applied to the gun, flesh, other springy elements in between the bullet and hand or shoulder of the shooter.

      FTFY. It's a small textual change, but has huge implications in terms of terminal ballistics. What you can easily absorb as the shooter is pretty significantly different than what you can absorb as impact on your flesh from the bullet side. Believe me, you can kill someone with the blunt force trauma that dissipating the energy from a bullet instantaneously would induce.

      --
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    19. Re:How elastic? by Hydian · · Score: 2, Informative

      Kevlar will stop things like knives and tazers. That's what flak vests are for. A "bullet proof" vest is not a flak vest, however, and one will not protect you like the other. The military's body armor is designed to do both jobs.

    20. Re:How elastic? by budgenator · · Score: 4, Informative

      The dE/dT applies quite strongly here, the dE/dT is much lower for the shooter because the dT is longer as the projectile is accelerated through the barrel, at the other end the bullet either is stopped with a very short dT or it penetrates. The material in the article would be very useful in a layered approach; such as worn as a tee shirt with more conventional body armor providing the majority of protection.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
    21. Re:How elastic? by bhiestand · · Score: 2

      You must be a cop ;) not sure if you were deliberately leaving ceramic plates out of the discussion, so I'll bring up the differences a tad

      Vests can have metal or ceramic plates, or they can be made entirely of something like kevlar. Global security has a pretty good List of Body Armor Classes that explains them.

      Plates are almost always removable because that just makes the most sense in so many damned ways (as I'm sure you know). Here's a cheap-o type III with optional removable steel plates: GatorHawk Talon Spike ... it seems metal plates are still popular with the press and similar outfits?

      As for DOD systems, SAPI were ceramic plates used with Interceptor and IOTV. You can find more information all over the place, but the key take-away is that the military's plates are designed to protect from high-caliber rounds rather than trauma.

      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
  4. My parents visited University of South Carolina by PatPending · · Score: 5, Funny

    My parents visited the University of South Carolina and all I got was this stupid t-shirt.

    --
    What one fool can do, another can. (Ancient Simian Proverb)
  5. Nobody doesn't like... by glwtta · · Score: 4, Funny

    ... Molten Boron!

    --
    sic transit gloria mundi
  6. This shirt brought to you by... by CompressedAir · · Score: 2, Funny

    Molten Boron!

  7. Not bulletproof. by Ricken · · Score: 3, Informative

    Yet TFA says nothing about this armor being bullet-proof, as this slashdot article clearly states.

    Only that “We should be able to fabricate much tougher body armors using this new technique. It could even be used to produce lightweight, fuel-efficient cars and aircrafts.”

  8. Re:Don't Tase me bro... by PhunkySchtuff · · Score: 5, Informative

    If it stops a 9mm shell, it'll stop the little barbed prongs that a taser shoots. But they might catch in the clothing anyway, so you might still get shocked. Unless this stuff is conductive enough to short it out, or insulating enough to protect you.

    No, it doesn't work that way. A "bulletproof" vest is relatively easy to get through with a sharp blade - most bullet resistant materials will use lots of strong fibres to tangle the bullet up in on it's way through, whereas a sharp knife (or a pointed barb that's not spinning) will penetrate relatively easily.

  9. Re:boron is toxic by PhunkySchtuff · · Score: 3, Informative

    No, it isn't
    Elemental boron and borates are non-toxic to humans and animals (approximately similar to table salt). The LD50 (dose at which there is 50% mortality) for animals is about 6 g per kg of body weight. Substances with LD50 above 2 g are considered non-toxic.

  10. The plural of aircraft... by reverendbeer · · Score: 2, Informative

    ...is aircraft.

  11. Lead researcher by nacturation · · Score: 3, Funny

    Xiaodong Li, lead researcher on the project...

    They still make bullets out of lead?

    --
    Want to improve your Karma? Instead of "Post Anonymously", try the "Post Humously" option.
  12. The second hardest known substance by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Is my wife's pot roast. If I can ever figure out how she converts an entire roast into carbon nanotubes we're gonna be rich!

  13. Re:Don't Tase me bro... by Scrameustache · · Score: 2, Insightful

    If it stops a 9mm shell, it'll stop the little barbed prongs that a taser shoots. But they might catch in the clothing anyway, so you might still get shocked. Unless this stuff is conductive enough to short it out, or insulating enough to protect you.

    No, it doesn't work that way. A "bulletproof" vest is relatively easy to get through with a sharp blade - most bullet resistant materials will use lots of strong fibres to tangle the bullet up in on it's way through, whereas a sharp knife (or a pointed barb that's not spinning) will penetrate relatively easily.

    Ok, but in the future, just say "The slow blade penetrates the shield."

    --

    You can't take the sky from me...

  14. Real bullet-proof shirts by Max+Threshold · · Score: 2, Interesting
  15. So you actually wished for a t-shirt? by gzipped_tar · · Score: 2, Informative

    Any nethack player knows how important a piece of armor the t-shirt is.

    Blessed scrolls of enchant armor for the win.

    --
    Colorless green Cthulhu waits dreaming furiously.
  16. Silk was used in a simlar way by NicknamesAreStupid · · Score: 3, Informative

    The Huns wore silk to protect themselves in battle. There were no bullets back then, just arrows and blades. While the arrows could still penetrate the flesh, they often did not cut through the silk which made it easier to remove the arrows and stem the bleeding. BTW, like tee-shirts, silk is imprintable -- "We're on the run, we're lotta fun, we are the Huns!"

    1. Re:Silk was used in a simlar way by Fruny · · Score: 3, Funny

      The Huns wore silk to protect themselves in battle. There were no bullets back then, just arrows and blades. While the arrows could still penetrate the flesh, they often did not cut through the silk which made it easier to remove the arrows and stem the bleeding. BTW, like tee-shirts, silk is imprintable -- "We're on the run, we're lotta fun, we are the Huns!"

      Yes, that's actually true! They also wore silk scarves to prevent neck chops, because "there can be only Huns!"

  17. How Many Washes? by sanman2 · · Score: 2, Funny

    As with my stain-resistant dockers, I want to know how many washes will this effect last for

  18. Borons by Prikolist · · Score: 3, Informative

    Ugh the writers of the article (and, consequently, the slashdot user) wrote a badly worded description. I was surprised as I never heard of any particularly strong allotrope of boron. If you actually read the whole thing, it's boron nanowires that give the strength. Key word: nanowires. Researchers used boron, but there are plenty of different materials to make nanowires out of. And it is the particular properties resulting from reinforcing materials with nanowires that give the 'bulletproof' strength.

    --
    I think Linux isn't better than Windows hence in the slashdot realm I'm a troll
  19. shirt logo by binaryseraph · · Score: 4, Funny

    I REALLY hope the first shirt they make has the Superman logo on it. Not to be cliche or anything.

  20. Bullet resistant vest information by RedShoeRider · · Score: 3, Interesting
    I think there's a good deal of misunderstaning about bullet resistant soft body armour on here. I've seen two posts so far that say that the shape of the bullet has something to do with defeating a vest, as well as a bullet being "tangled up" by the material. Neither is true.

    Bullet resistant soft armour works because of the strength of the individual fibre and how its woven. It also has to do with the friction coefficicent of each fiber. Generally, it's woven in a waffle or checkerboard pattern for each layer. There are lots of layers, too...20 or 30 is common. When a projectile strikes the fabric, the crossed fibers lock against each other (this is where the friction coefficient comes in. Two Kevlar fibers crossed at 90 degrees will not want to move). So, in theory, one layer could stop a low-energy bullet. However, it would still be fatal to the person wearing it because of the amount of energy transferred to them. So, by using multiple layers, that .38 or 9mm round's energy is spread out over perhaps 5 or 6 inches. It's still going to hurt like hell, but you'll live to tell the tale. Current NIJ spec for the backface deformation of a vest is something like 12" of clay, which translates to something like 4 or 5 inches of compression in a human. It's like getting hit with a baseball bat swung by a AAA player.

    So why does bullet shape have little to do with it? Even a pointed bullet deforms on impact; the sharp point isn't going to get through more than a layer or two before it deforms flat. The threat rifle rounds offer is that there is just vastly more energy then a pistol round. All of these materials have a failing point, and even if the bullet was stopped, the amount of energy transferred to the wearer might be lethal anyway. That's why rifle-rated vests (something to stop a .223 or a 30-06) have trauma plates, which is a 1/4 inch (or thicker) ceramic plate. It's heavy, uncomfortable and unbendable, but it'll stop just about any reasonable threat.

    Sure, we could come up with a list of unreasonable threats, but in reality most shootings are with lower energy handgun calibers (9mm/38spl/25acp/32acp), which a standard IIA vest will stop without breaking a sweat.

    --

    Chris Knight is my hero.