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Researchers Create Logic Circuits From DNA

separsons writes "Researchers at Duke University recently used DNA to craft tiny chips used in computers and electronic circuits. By mixing DNA snippets with other molecules and exposing them to light, researchers created self-assembling, DNA-based logic circuits. Once perfected the tech could serve as an endlessly abundant, cheap alternative to silicon semiconductors. Chris Dwyer, lead researcher on the project, says that one grad student using DNA to make self-assembling circuits could produce more logic circuits in one day than the global silicon chip industry can create in an entire month!"

71 of 94 comments (clear)

  1. Mass production would be simple... by The+Mysterious+Dr.+X · · Score: 3, Informative

    All you need is a little polymerase chain reaction. I assume that's how the grad student could outdo the global silicon chip industry as mentioned in the article summary.

    1. Re:Mass production would be simple... by h4rr4r · · Score: 4, Funny

      That and grad students can be made to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for nearly no pay.

    2. Re:Mass production would be simple... by Sir_Lewk · · Score: 1

      The grad student doesn't need to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (the no pay part is surprisingly easy to get a grad student to do though...). The DNA mechanisms that he sets up need to. Once he sets it up who is to say that this technology, once improved, won't be largely autonomous?

      --
      "linux is just DOS with a UNIX like syntax" -- Galactic Dominator (944134)
    3. Re:Mass production would be simple... by John+Whitley · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This has certainly been the case in some disciplines, at some institutions. But it's much less common in disciplines where graduate students already have significant hiring potential (e.g. Computer Science), and doesn't happen at all where they've unionized.

      Unionization of graduate students actually happened while I was in grad school myself. It stopped some appalling abuses dead in their tracks. My department was an excellent one to work for, but many were pretty slimy. Not only were grads in some departments terribly overworked, but some shady practices were going on where hiring lines were split between several grads who were each doing overtime level work.

    4. Re:Mass production would be simple... by Alphathon · · Score: 3, Funny

      So this is how the robot apocalypse is to start eh? Well, I for one...you get the idea.

    5. Re:Mass production would be simple... by anarche · · Score: 1

      This has certainly been the case in some disciplines, at some institutions. But it's much less common in disciplines where graduate students already have significant hiring potential (e.g. Computer Science)

      Really, then why can't I get a friggen job!!!

      --
      Wait! Whats a sig?
    6. Re:Mass production would be simple... by Sulphur · · Score: 3, Interesting

      If this stuff became sentient, then would it think it was a grad student?

    7. Re:Mass production would be simple... by The+Mysterious+Dr.+X · · Score: 2, Informative

      The PCR part is already largely autonomous. Throw all the ingredients into the mix, heat it up to a certain temperature in a warm bath, cool it off, heat it up again, cool it off again... You get the idea. Each cycle doubles the amount of DNA produced. All you have to do is make sure there's enough ingredients in the mix; most versions of the equipment can do the heating-cooling cycles themselves.

    8. Re:Mass production would be simple... by X0563511 · · Score: 1

      Nobody can! WHOOP WHOOP!

      --
      For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
    9. Re:Mass production would be simple... by Compaqt · · Score: 2, Funny

      I, for one, welcome our new Cylon overlords.

      --
      I'm not a lawyer, but I play one on the Internet. Blog
    10. Re:Mass production would be simple... by aussie_a · · Score: 1

      I did. I'm not exactly the brightest bulb from the factory. If I can get a job, pretty much anyone can. That said, I applied for 47 jobs within a 3 month period. Most people I graduated haven't even reached double digits in jobs they've applied for. Unsurprisingly, most of the people I graduated with also aren't employed.

    11. Re:Mass production would be simple... by Urkki · · Score: 1

      So this is how the robot apocalypse is to start eh? Well, I for one...you get the idea.

      Indeed... Self-replicating DNA-based nanobots. It's got planet-scale disaster written all over it. It's not hard to imagine what a planet infested with such things might soon look like... A total mess covered in DNA-nanobot-goo.

    12. Re:Mass production would be simple... by Richard+Kirk · · Score: 1

      The 1.2 zettabytes quoted recently as the sum of the world's memory works out as about 1/8th of a gram-mole of bits. This does give an idea how much memory you might get from a few grammes of material if you get a 3D structure. If you are stuck to a single surface, the density figures won't be as good. Richard Feynmann gave a talk in 1959 called "Plenty of room at the bottom" (see http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html). His figures haven't really aged much: if you can get something to work at the molecular scale, then you can get a lot of them in. The idea of doing this isn't particularly new. Actually doing it would be a lot more exciting.

    13. Re:Mass production would be simple... by AP31R0N · · Score: 1

      As impressive as it would be to create a sentient life form it would be useless as a grad student until it achieved sapience.

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    14. Re:Mass production would be simple... by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      Yeah, solar powered nano DNA based replicators. I can imagine those, I'll tell you that thing looks WILD!

    15. Re:Mass production would be simple... by shiftless · · Score: 1

      It's not hard to imagine what a planet infested with such things might soon look like...

      the worst part is when they begin to hunger for YOUR dna... hey i think i have an idea for a new horror movie

    16. Re:Mass production would be simple... by hesaigo999ca · · Score: 1

      terminators, screamers, replicators, the borg, you always see a trace of whats to come with technology if you look close enough, we follow our dreams and ideas because a) we are influenced by other people and then take it to the next level cellphones = star trek like communicators....
      or 2) we get a great idea and it changes hands and processes so many times that we have a spawn of unlimited amounts to clutter our world with ...example = the car, started off as a means to get you from point a to point b, and now how many versions of cars exists and do we really need this many choices...seems to me it not only clutters all the scrap yards with junk metal, but also makes it very evident we do not build something to last, and keep, we throw away after consuming....

      So our robots will follow this same line, however we have a slight difference where the slight possibility for self awareness will allow the robots to see this nature and then reconstruct themselves to last longer then we made them, once tossed into scrap yards they could go there to reinforce their numbers....and allow their own private work force to increase in size....and eventually as with any other species, because now self aware robots are considered entities of their own volition, they will enter in competition for space and being that they will have access to our history will notice the patterns that have and understand that if ever they enter in competition with us for space, we will attack and destroy and rape and pillage...so they would have no choice but by design to strategically hit us first.....

      I think I robot was closer to what could happen then any other movies, being we would never know what was going to happen until it finished happening and the dust settled, and we were extinct ...or almost.

  2. Johnny 5 by sexconker · · Score: 2, Funny

    Johnny 5 is alive.

  3. One grad student by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Chris Dwyer, lead researcher on the project, says that one grad student using DNA to make self-assembling circuits could produce more logic circuits in one day than the global silicon chip industry can create in an entire month!"

    Which grad student?

  4. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 2, Funny

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  5. One grad student producing DNA... by Chris+Burke · · Score: 5, Funny

    one grad student using DNA to make self-assembling circuits could produce more logic circuits in one day than the global silicon chip industry can create in an entire month!

    The jokes just write themselves.

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
  6. Logic circuits from DNA... by Locke2005 · · Score: 3, Funny

    thus giving a whole new meaning to the term "computer virus"!

    --
    I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    1. Re:Logic circuits from DNA... by youn · · Score: 1

      well as long as they don't get windows ported to the DNA processor, we should be fine. but I guess it wouldn't suck as much as having OSX ported to DNA... you'd have to have AT&T be your carrier (would that be in human term be a wheel chair?)... unless you jailbrake... but wouldn't that get into matrix like scenarios? maaan, sounds like a crazy problem potentially, what could potentially go wrong?

      --
      Never antropomorphize computers, they do not like that :p
  7. Re:Did they use DNA from women? by sexconker · · Score: 5, Funny

    Did they use DNA from women?

    Of course not.
    They're building logic gates.

  8. Lead Researchers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    And lead researchers would never overstate the impact of their research, would they?

    The job of those of us doing research is to make large claims and have BIG RESULTS! Most of us are all for the research, but tired of the need for justification that involves serious overstatement. Just saying....

    1. Re:Lead Researchers by The+Hatchet · · Score: 1

      sure, one day v. 1 year of chip making is a bit of an overstatement. But if this is perjected, computer technology will certainly be on its way to becoming yet smaller, faster, and better. However, no matter how efficiently we make things, it will never be cheaper. Why? Because they will just mark it up even higher than whats already out there to make more money. And when asked "if they are so cheap to make, why don't you sell that are more reasonable prices" they will say "to cover 'costs'" which will be made up bullshit, or commodity trading over necessary supplies will drive up the price. All of that money will end up in the financial sector, everyone who does good work will recieve the same crap pay, and everyone who needs cheaper, better electronics had better wait in line to get ass raped by the company with the billion percent markup.

      I see no reason why a consumer should ever be excited about advances in technology, the prices for the top of the line (even if it is the cheapest to produce) will always be unaffordably high, and will always increase. Meanwhile they extra money made pumps up the financial sector and causes more inflation, making our money worth even less. The electronics and entertainment industry has successfully evaded market forces, simply because ever company in the industry enjoys charging shitloads of money for every item they sell, and not just reasonable for profit.

      The simple fact is that all of the wonderful, great discoveries of the past few years don't matter. They don't matter to consumers, to producers, to anyone, except for the financial sector. They trade in anything and everything, and can milk every single industry for insane amounts of money just by trading up the price of raw ingredients or companies that make parts for the final product. The works don't see better pay, the consumers don't see lower prices. Sure technology is advancing, and it makes minor improvements in our lives, but everything costs more and more every day while everyone makes less and less. Everyone except for the top brass of large companies, and anyone that does any kind of work in the financial sector.

      --
      Where is the mod rating for "scary"? Also, ...
  9. Re:I'm working on a new horror movie. by ChefInnocent · · Score: 3, Funny

    I think you need to substitute the two nerds with two college girls. Then one of them is held hostage by the mad scientist. So, the other one had to run back for help from her sorority sisters. Some of whom are chemistry or physics majors with a fascination for big guns and fast cars.

  10. Short Circuit Movies by Oxford_Comma_Lover · · Score: 2, Informative

    > I understand this joke often gets +5 Funny, even though I don't know what it refers to. So here I go:
    > No disassemble Johnny 5!

    It's from a 1986 movie, Short Circuit. (There was also a sequel). Fun old family movie about an experimental robot developing a personality. In the second one, there are also bank robbers.

    http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091949/

    DNA developing into a robot is the other way round, of course.

    --
    -- IANAL, this isn't legal advice, and definitely isn't legal advice for you. Also, Squee!
    1. Re:Short Circuit Movies by GrumblyStuff · · Score: 1

      Nah, a person with a great personality then suffering massive head and/or emotional trauma (a la Iraq war vet) and becoming a cold, uncaring, and indifferent individual would seem like the opposite of Short Circuit.

    2. Re:Short Circuit Movies by asukasoryu · · Score: 1

      You mean Robocop.

      --
      There are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in your philosophy.
  11. Tsch by ebystander · · Score: 1

    Tsch, Jesus did this like 100 years ago.

    1. Re:Tsch by bragr · · Score: 1

      Troll or funny. I'm not sure which.

  12. DIdn't Star Trek Voyager teach us anything? by kevinmenzel · · Score: 5, Funny

    Bio-neural gel packs SOUND like a good idea, but when cheese can take a federation starship out of commission, I start wondering about how good an idea this is to pursue.

    1. Re:DIdn't Star Trek Voyager teach us anything? by Arthur+Grumbine · · Score: 1

      Yes. Star Trek:Voyager taught us many, many things - all dealing with how to kill a formerly great franchise.

      --
      Now that I think about it, I'm pretty sure everything I just said is completely wrong.
    2. Re:DIdn't Star Trek Voyager teach us anything? by Cryacin · · Score: 2, Funny

      but when cheese can take a federation starship out of commission

      Brings a whole new definition to turning your brain into swiss cheese!

      --
      Science advances one funeral at a time- Max Planck
    3. Re:DIdn't Star Trek Voyager teach us anything? by n+dot+l · · Score: 2

      Voyager also teaches us that aliens are basically humans with a good costume department.

      I'd be more worried about space-based asteroid-eating critters deciding they should nibble on the hull. Those would at least be in an environment that's vaguely similar to the one they evolved in.

      Alien cheese culture finding our particular chemistry tasty, our particular temperature and pH range livable, and having means to evade our immune responses is pretty damn unlikely...

    4. Re:DIdn't Star Trek Voyager teach us anything? by EdIII · · Score: 2, Funny

      You Sir are a cretin... I give you Seven-Of-Nine.....

      I don't remember one damn episode after all this time, but I can recall every single stitch of her costume.........

  13. Re:I'm working on a new horror movie. by bragr · · Score: 1

    I think that I've seen that porno. Perhaps I've said too much.

  14. Brings to mind the defintion of logic.... by spinninggears · · Score: 1

    LOGIC, n. The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance with the limitations and incapacities of the human misunderstanding. The basic of logic is the syllogism, consisting of a major and a minor premise and a conclusion — thus: Major Premise: Sixty men can do a piece of work sixty times as quickly as one man. Minor Premise: One man can dig a posthole in sixty seconds; therefore — Conclusion: Sixty men can dig a posthole in one second. This may be called the syllogism arithmetical, in which, by combining logic and mathematics, we obtain a double certainty and are twice blessed. From Ambrose Bierce, "The Devil's Dictionary"

  15. A new family of processors. by tzot · · Score: 2, Funny

    Literally, that is.

    And a chance for radically different model names. For example, the slowest DNA-based model will be called "cousin Jed" or something.

    --
    I speak England very best
    1. Re:A new family of processors. by slick7 · · Score: 1

      Literally, that is.

      And a chance for radically different model names. For example, the slowest DNA-based model will be called "cousin Jed" or something.

      Are you sure it isn't Jethro?

      --
      The mind conceives, the body achieves, the spirit manifests.
    2. Re:A new family of processors. by tzot · · Score: 1

      I do have a cousin Jethro, you insensitive clod!

      --
      I speak England very best
  16. Reading information by DigiShaman · · Score: 1

    Ok, so we have a nice way of creating logic gates in DNA. But how long does it take to read the entire string of results back to a digital/electronic format?

    --
    Life is not for the lazy.
    1. Re:Reading information by imgod2u · · Score: 1

      I think the point is you don't have to. One chromospore emits light that is received by another chromospore, which then transmits it to another. Each time, the wavelength of light changes.

      Problem being, this isn't a 3-terminal gating effect. I'm having a difficult time imagining how they make logic gates from this.

  17. Re:You fucking karma whore! by Chris+Burke · · Score: 1

    Okay, while I don't give a rats ass about karma, 'karma whore' is at least connected to reality. But 'power hungry'? WTF? Dude, if bad masturbation jokes were a way to acquire power, I'd be Emperor of the Galaxy. But they ain't and I'm not so again WTF?

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
  18. Temp range? Durability? by seven+of+five · · Score: 1

    Hmmm. I'm thinking these DNA based gates would be fussy, needing a comfy environment to run in.
    Also, how many cycles can they handle before falling apart?

  19. let me start by RelliK · · Score: 1

    This involves a lot of uhh... manual labour. Would his hand get tired?

    --
    ___
    If you think big enough, you'll never have to do it.
    1. Re:let me start by slick7 · · Score: 1

      Manual can't even get out of Arizona.

      --
      The mind conceives, the body achieves, the spirit manifests.
  20. What a load of cobblers by Ancient_Hacker · · Score: 4, Interesting

    As Turing might say: What a load of cobblers

    While you might be able to make ten gazillion AND gates, you still have the minor problem of HOOKING THEM UP into some useful logical building blocks, like adders, buffers, and memory. And the bigger problem of amplifying the results to a level acceptable to the following inputs. And figuring out how to distribute power (ATP) to each amplifier.

    And the signal levels are so low, thermal noise is going to induce a lot more errors than you'd like.

    And the speed is not likely to be very exciting.

    I would not start short-selling Intel stock based on this technology.

    1. Re:What a load of cobblers by Idiomatick · · Score: 1

      Depending on the use speed might not be a big issue if you can build the circuits for 100,000th the cost...

    2. Re:What a load of cobblers by EdIII · · Score: 1

      Maybe so, but you would need some pretty damn good error correction. I would imagine running the same calculation many many times to check you were getting the same result.

      This is an organic system we are talking about. Correct me if I am wrong, but organic systems are all about approximation and adaptation, not exact values.

    3. Re:What a load of cobblers by The+Hatchet · · Score: 1

      The article was about using DNA to build logic gates and processor pieces that were very small, on the order of just a few molecules, kind of like DNA making proteins. The next step is putting these elements together to build circuitry. DNA already puts together insane life forms that have millions of parts all working together. We are made using DNA. It is not our primary ingredient, but DNA builds us. That is the goal here, build circuits.

      --
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    4. Re:What a load of cobblers by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      The advantaje of using DNA is that it hooks toghether with just the addition of an enzyme. You can also control what hooks on what by controlling the sequence, and it is easy to manufacture on any sequence you want (for some value of "easy").

      That said, that is not the first time it was tried. The problem here is that using some DNA that is pure for a few parts per billion (the best we can achieve on big amounts) to manufacture one a few trillion switches big circuit (like the original Pentium at the 90's) will give you a very very very low yeld. The obvious way to increase that yeld is to purify your reactants every few steps, but after just a few hundreds of switches, it gets harder to chemically purify the circuits than to enrich uranium. And a circuit with a few hundred switches is still nearly useles.

  21. And the correct URL... by timboc007 · · Score: 1

    TFA may be found here.

  22. Re:Did they use DNA from women? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Oh I dunno female DNA would be a shoein for flipflops.

  23. Virus by dakameleon · · Score: 1

    For some reason this has got me thinking of a Sci-fi book I read when I was a kid - Virus, by Molly Brown which talks about AIs that have an organic "logic" core and are susceptible to biological viruses. Good SF for young readers.

    --
    Man who leaps off cliff jumps to conclusion.
  24. Heat by izomiac · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This sounds quite promising, but I'd worry about DNA's melting point. Double stranded DNA will melt and become single stranded DNA at around 100 degrees Celsius. However, this melting point is quite variable since GC bonds are ~50% stronger than AT bonds, so the actual melting point could be much higher or much lower. AFAIK doing any sort of calculation requires heat to be produced, so I'd imagine you'd get localized melting of the DNA and disruption of the engineered structure if you did any significant amount of work on it. I'll be interested to see how they solve this problem, since you can't really do much to increase the strength or the number of hydrogen bonds.

    1. Re:Heat by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      They probably didn't solve it, since they did no usefull calculation. They just assembled a few switches.

      I also doubt they were able to focus the light emanating from a switch into another one, to chain operations.

    2. Re:Heat by rdnetto · · Score: 1

      Hey, if they can get a decent amount of computational power out of it, it would probably be economically feasible even if you had to run it in a fridge.

      --
      Most human behaviour can be explained in terms of identity.
  25. Re:You fucking karma whore! by Eternal+Vigilance · · Score: 1

    "bad masturbation jokes"

    The jokes just write themselves.

  26. Programmable logic by optikos · · Score: 1

    Ah, finally low-NRE logic circuits on an immense and cheap scale a la programmable logic, but with real (not emulated) logic gates. EEs of the world unite!

  27. Re:You fucking karma whore! by slick7 · · Score: 1

    Fap your way to a Fortune 500 company. fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.fap.

    --
    The mind conceives, the body achieves, the spirit manifests.
  28. Re:You fucking karma whore! by Chris+Burke · · Score: 1

    Yeah, that they do.

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
  29. Re:You fucking karma whore! by X0563511 · · Score: 1

    You know you don't get karma for +n funny right?

    --
    For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
  30. Re:I'm working on a new horror movie. by iamhassi · · Score: 2, Funny

    I like the way your mind thinks

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    my karma will be here long after I'm gone
  31. Re:Did they use DNA from women? by jedimark · · Score: 1

    A triple entendre with a pun attached.. You sir deserved a medal.

  32. Yeah right by DinZy · · Score: 1

    It's typical to overhype and exaggerate results like this. What's interesting is if it really is that easy to make reliable, robust, defect free logic circuits so easy, would it be a good thing or a bad thing economically. I'd certainly be out of a job if a grad student could magically mix up an SOC complete with electrical interconnects and packaging while his/her advisor slowly whittles away at his/her self esteem

  33. let's walk before we run by Goldsmith · · Score: 1

    Maybe Chris could demonstrate a working logic device that doesn't rely on expensive optical components to provide the input and output (he's making optical devices, not electrical - because DNA doesn't conduct). His speed, scalability, cost... everything is dependent on the optics system he uses. It's borderline dishonest for him to sell this as a silicon replacement right now.

    His waffles look nice though. Very tasty. I've seen that image many times now...

    1. Re:let's walk before we run by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      The I/O isn't a problem for some applications (really big computers). I'm more concerned about they not demonstrating any usefull gate (besides NOT) and not demonstrating those being assembled on a chain.

      But they didn't show it because they aren't really trying to produce circuits. They are doing some research that could lead to another way to produce circuits on the future, if everything works as planned and somebody solves the remaining problems (that happen to be quite hard). Or, in other words, that isn't applied research.

  34. Re:Did they use DNA from women? by stifler9999 · · Score: 1

    And a recently developed logic gate called the "fine" gate. Apparently it emulates quantum mechanics, you feed logic in and you get a "fine" output (1 and 0). The output will actually be a NOT of what you expected. However the moment you read it, the "fine" gate output cannot be changed.

  35. My computer died...REALLY by nowen2dot · · Score: 1

    So this gives a whole new meaning to the phrase?

    --
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