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Medieval Copy Protection

An anonymous reader writes "In medieval times a 'book curse' was often included on the inside cover or on the last leaf of a manuscripts, warning away anyone who might do the book some harm. Here's a particularly pretty one from Yale's Beinecke MS 214: 'In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen. In the one thousand two hundred twenty-ninth year from the incarnation of our Lord, Peter, of all monks the least significant, gave this book to the [Benedictine monastery of the] most blessed martyr, St. Quentin. If anyone should steal it, let him know that on the Day of Judgment the most sainted martyr himself will be the accuser against him before the face of our Lord Jesus Christ.'"

48 of 226 comments (clear)

  1. That's not copy protection by XanC · · Score: 5, Insightful

    That's theft protection. Copyright infringement != theft, remember?

    1. Re:That's not copy protection by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Slashdot: where we don't bother reading the summary, let alone the article, when writing the headline.

    2. Re:That's not copy protection by commodore64_love · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Precisely.

      The need to curse thieves of expensive hand-written Bibles disappeared when the printing press appeared, and Bibles became as plentiful as leaves to wipe your arse. Then nobody cared if you took it from the church (it was easily replaced). Some even started giving bibles away, in order to educate the masses. And of course the bible is not and never has been copy-protected.

      --
      "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." - historian Evelyn Beatrice Hall
    3. Re:That's not copy protection by WilliamGeorge · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, you *could* - Thomas Jefferson had his own version with a lot removed (1), and others have added to it (2) - but there is a warning toward the end of Revelation (the last book in the Bible) which applies at the very least to that book itself: "I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds anything to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes words away from this book of prophecy, God will take away from him his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book." (Rev 22:18-19, NIV)

      1 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Bible

      2 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon

      --
      William George
    4. Re:That's not copy protection by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2, Interesting

      However I've once heard about some valuable illustrated bible in medieval Ireland, of which a monk from another monastery (or maybe it were several, quite probably, I'd say) made (by hand, of course) an exact copy (as exact as copies could be made that way). The monastery who owned the original version didn't like that and wanted the copy to be destroyed. They asked the pope, and the pope indeed ordered that the copy was to be destroyed.

      Unfortunately I can't verify that story or give further details (I tried to google, but if it's even on the net, I probably didn't find the right keywords), but if that's true, one could see it as sort of an early copyright case.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    5. Re:That's not copy protection by socsoc · · Score: 2, Funny

      Can you fork it? Can you modify it? Can you sell it?

      Nope, you can walk into any bookstore and get the original untranslated version, and only that, for free. There aren't any other versions allowed and nobody ever sells it.

    6. Re:That's not copy protection by poetmatt · · Score: 2, Funny

      is this supposed to be your first step? If so, posting on slashdot doesn't count on abandoning it.

    7. Re:That's not copy protection by CRCulver · · Score: 3, Informative

      I imagine if you approached Shakespeare and told him that his plays could be shown across the entire planet without any extra effort on his part - he would be thrilled.

      No, by the time of Shakespeare there had arisen a sentiment among authors that only they had the right to disseminate copies of their works. Poets of, say, the Roman era didn't care that their works were transcribed from recitals, mass-copied by amanuenses and sold in the agora without any money going back to them. The only time they complained was when people put their own names on the work -- plagiarism, not copyright violation (Martial composed a witty epigram to this effect). Playwrights of Shakespeare's era, however, jealously guarded their scripts and tried to put a stop to the unauthorized copies made by audience members.

    8. Re:That's not copy protection by __aasqbs9791 · · Score: 2, Funny

      I thought there were no lawyers allowed in heaven by definition?

    9. Re:That's not copy protection by russ1337 · · Score: 2

      And of course the bible is not and never has been copy-protected.

      is that because you cannot copyright a fact?

      *ducks*

      (hopefully the above comment will be seen for the humor intended)

    10. Re:That's not copy protection by IorDMUX · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You are quoting the warning correctly, but do remember that the exact same warning lies way back in the Old Testament (in the 4th and 12th chapters of Deuteronomy), as Moses warned of adding to the law he had written down. Applying the same interpretation to both readings would not just ban later edits to scriptural works, but the majority of the Old and entirety of the New Testaments.

      A careful reading of the language shows that it is a caution against changing specifically the words of the book of prophecy--i.e. Revelation; note that the remainder of the New Testament books deal less with prophecy and more with accounts of actions (Gospels + Acts) and lessons (the Epistles)--rather than the New Testament as a whole.

      As an additional point, modern scholars on the authorship of the Johannine works tend to agree that the Gospel of John was written later than the book of Revelation. In other words, the common interpretation of those two verses would cut an entire quarter of the Gospels from the scripture.

      --
      >> Standing on head makes smile of frown, but rest of face also upside down.
    11. Re:That's not copy protection by pdcull · · Score: 2, Informative

      That story - or one very similar - is in the book "How the Irish saved civilization" by Thomas Cahill (chapter 6), where a monk named Columcille made an unauthorized copy of a psalter that belonged to the Bishop Finian of Clonard. The dispute as to whether he could keep the unauthorized copy was resolved by the King Diarmait, whose decision in history’s first copyright case was logical: "To every cow her calf; to every book its copy". However, for some reason the RIAA must have existed in some medieval variant, and Columcille was forced to return the copy to Finian, and the story ends with Columcille's not-so-pacifistic followers defeating Diarmait’s soldiers in battle, and the copied psalter, henceforth known as the “Cathach” or Warrior, returning to Columcille, which I guess is one way to resolve copyright disputes!

    12. Re:That's not copy protection by N_Piper · · Score: 3, Informative

      The Bible was copy protected, with a prejudice, by the Roman Catholic Church. Smashing printing presses and burning heretics at the steak were quite common ways of making sure only the Priestly caste had access to the Bible.
      This is basic Church history learn it love it then leave it.

  2. FBI warning by donnyspi · · Score: 4, Funny

    They should put message at the beginning of movies instead of the stupid FBI warning thing.

    1. Re:FBI warning by InsertWittyNameHere · · Score: 3, Funny

      I love how even those of us who are in Canada have to sit through the FBI warning. And Canadians have to sit through it twice (English version then French).

      They should use warning from The IT Crowd.

    2. Re:FBI warning by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, in Germany I don't (with pressed DVDs). I've once selected English language directly when starting a several-language DVD, so I know the spot this is about. But it's easy to avoid even if I want to see the DVD in English, by simply selecting German initially and then switching to English as soon as the main menu appears. I've then tried other languages on that DVD as well, but IIRC the German version was the only one without the spot (one language, I don't remember which, did use a different spot, however).

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    3. Re:FBI warning by HermDog · · Score: 5, Funny

      If you illegally copy "Twilight" you're cursed with a copy of "Twilight"

      --
      JADBP
    4. Re:FBI warning by RollingThunder · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That damned FBI warning, plus all the "nope, you can't skip these ads" crap, is half of the reason why I rip almost all my DVD's, stick them on the file/mediaserver, and then play them through my PS/3's media client functionality. Obviously, I _don't_ rip anything but the main movie track, no more having to sit through 8 freaking ads just so my kid can watch her Thomas movie.

  3. Equally Effective by pwnies · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I see that the effectiveness of DRM hasn't changed in 800 years.

    1. Re:Equally Effective by Arancaytar · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It has actually grown less effective, seeing as how so many people know how to write nowadays.

      If it were up to the copyright lobby, owning a pen would be punishable by fines. :P

    2. Re:Equally Effective by mackai · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The copyright lobby would be more likely want an additional fee added to the purchase of every pen based on the amount of text you could potentially copy before the ink ran out. This fee would be provided to book publishers to offset the losses they might encounter should you decide to copy portions of the book instead of purchasing an additional copy of the book.

  4. Anti-theft device, not copy protection by decipher_saint · · Score: 3, Funny

    I think it would be pretty kick-ass to have some Saint materialize and lay on some whup-ass to would be thieves.

    *gasp* THE BISHOP!

    --
    crazy dynamite monkey
  5. No wonder by boristdog · · Score: 5, Funny

    No wonder my crops failed and there was a rain of toads on the farm after I downloaded "Superman III".

    1. Re:No wonder by tverbeek · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That was because God withdrew his protection from you for the abomination of wanting to watch Superman III. Everyone knows that only the first two Christopher Reeve films were any good.

      --
      http://alternatives.rzero.com/
    2. Re:No wonder by LateArthurDent · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That was because God withdrew his protection from you for the abomination of wanting to watch Superman III. Everyone knows that only the first two Christopher Reeve films were any good.

      That also depends on your definition of "good." They are entertaining, but during the first movie I can't get past the fact that Superman isn't fast enough to catch the two missiles while in the very same movie he starts flying so fast he goes back in time. In the second movie, the "wtf" moment is the entire final scene against the other Kryptonians at the fortress of solitude. What the hell was up with the throwing of the uniform insignia?

      That said, they had good, quotable parts. The first movie had, "you've got me? Who's got you?" and for the second movie, "kneel before Zod!" Still, none of them were anywhere near good enough that you should ever want to write some sort of half-assed sequel to them instead of a proper reboot. Curse you, Bryan Singer!

    3. Re:No wonder by elrous0 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      All I can say for 3 is that the Smallville stuff and the Evil Superman stuff wasn't bad. It wasn't good, but it was "Citizen Kane" next to the abomination that was "The Quest for Peace."

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
  6. Famously.... by mattdm · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The Book of Revelation ends like this:

    [18] For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: [19] And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. [20] He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.

    Not copy-protection, but an "invariant section" definition as in the GFDL. The translation is medieval, but the original and therefore clearly the practice is much older. Since there was no government-provided copyright law with which to enforce this, threatening eternal damnation is pretty much the only resort available. (Right?)

    (Sidenote: of course, this was written before that book was commonly bound into a single-volume manuscript, but that doesn't stop people from assuming that they were meant to apply to the entire bible in its current form.)

  7. Re:::facepalm:: by commodore64_love · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Not steal. It doesn't forbid copying the bible into your own personal notebook. "If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself. But the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it.

    "Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it. He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine...

    "That ideas should freely spread from one to another over the globe, for the moral and mutual instruction of man, and improvement of his condition, seems to have been peculiarly and benevolently designed by nature. Inventions then cannot, in nature, be a subject of property." - Thomas Jefferson

    Therefore:

    While I can claim ownership of this bible, and label you a "thief" if you steal it (because I have been deprived of use of the computer), I have NO natural right to claim ownership of the ideas contained within. Your copying of text deprives me of nothing. I still possess knowledge.

    --
    "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." - historian Evelyn Beatrice Hall
  8. Re:::facepalm:: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    You're just upset because Moses yelled at you for building the golden calf.

  9. Re:::facepalm:: by _Sprocket_ · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Oh, come now. Next thing you're going to say is that all religious rights, texts, and associated constructs... even the religions themselves are simply creations of man! What kind of crazy-talk is that?

  10. Re:Two actually by Pojut · · Score: 3, Funny

    "Coveting your neighbor's goods is what keeps the economy going! Your neighbor gets a vibrator that plays 'O Come All Ye Faithful,' so you want to get one too." -George Carlin

  11. Holy Cow by 2names · · Score: 3, Funny

    'In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen. In the one thousand two hundred twenty-ninth year from the incarnation of our Lord, Peter, of all monks the least significant, gave this book to the [Benedictine monastery of the] most blessed martyr, St. Quentin. If anyone should steal it, let him know that on the Day of Judgment the most sainted martyr himself will be the accuser against him before the face of our Lord Jesus Christ.'

    That is the longest password I've ever seen.

    --
    "I'm just here to regulate funkiness."
  12. WRONG by JKDguy82 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    How many times do we have to explain that copying something is different than stealing something?

    It is incredibly *dangerous* to our culture to have the vernacular polluted in a way that equates a criminal deed to a legally mandated civil disregard.

    The title of this article should be changed.

    1. Re:WRONG by JKDguy82 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Again, WRONG.

      Theft is depriving someone of their property, preventing its use. Copying does not deprive the original owner of their property or its use.

      Theft is naturally unethical (e.g. stealing another animal's food - possibly depriving it of life). Copying is naturally ethical (e.g. most of nature copies copiously, and thrives off of it - ever heard of DNA?).

      Modern humans just happened to decide to provide an *artificial* monopoly of law (an unnatural construct) that allows someone to specify who can copy their works. HUGE difference.

    2. Re:WRONG by CyberDragon777 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Except there is no "taking".

      --
      We both said a lot of things that you are going to regret.
  13. Re:Imagine that. by countSudoku() · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Say it ain't so! :(

    Actually, most good books [sic] in the middle ages were chained to the library shelves, curse or no. It wasn't until the invention of the printing press that books became "unchained" and eventually so ubiquitous that hardcovers became "special" and paperbacks were the order of the day. Personally, just like the music and films I give away to my friends and family, I like to lend out books to interested peoples. Even printed information wants to be free. Bringth me your 100GB+ drive, good sir, and I'll shall layeth upon thine disk drive with mighty hands and bequeath to thee an generous sum of iPod movies and MP3s!!1! Go forth, verily and spread thy good datas, friend! Purchase some, share more.

    --
    This is the NSA, we're gonna geet U h@x0r5! Also, what is a h@x0r5?
  14. Re:Public domain by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Any chance it's in public domain by now, or does Sony have involvement in this also?

    You can tell it's a Sony Bible if opening it puts a rootkit in your soul.

  15. Re:::facepalm:: by Anomalyx · · Score: 3, Informative

    Yeah...because god, the creator and lord of all things, is going to enforce human laws.

    Actually, yes, according to the Bible, breaking human laws is wrong, unless it contradicts God's law.

    Romans 13:1
    Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.

    --
    No, there is no "-1 I'LL NEVER ADMIT BEING WRONG!!!" mod.
  16. Re:::facepalm:: by Flea+of+Pain · · Score: 2, Funny

    Yet someone stole that and wrote it down in a little book called the Bible. Perhaps he should have included some DRM on his tablets...

    --
    Do not argue with an idiot. He will drag you down to his level and beat you with experience.
  17. Re:::facepalm:: by Translation+Error · · Score: 2, Funny

    Ahem... that one _is_ one of God's laws: "Thou shalt not steal". Written in stone, no less.

    The first version was written on papyrus, but someone walked off with it.

    --
    When someone says, "Any fool can see ..." they're usually exactly right.
  18. Re:::facepalm:: by Pojut · · Score: 2, Interesting

    To me, that passage says human law is a waste of time and an illusion, since only god's laws are the ones that truly matter...this part is what makes me interpret it that way:

    "For there is no power but of God."

    To me, that says human laws are inconsequential and mean nothing.

  19. Re:Slashdot's categories are broken. by JesseMcDonald · · Score: 4, Informative

    I don't think I'd mind nearly as much if Idle's comments page wasn't so broken....

    Agreed. Fortunately, there is a workaround: change the "idle" part of the hostname to some other word. Any story can be served from any subdomain; only the page layout changes. It doesn't even have to be a normal /. host; for example, here's this story in the asdf subdomain.

    --
    "The state is that great fiction by which everyone tries to live at the expense of everyone else." - Bastiat
  20. scientology copyrights their religious scripture by circletimessquare · · Score: 3, Insightful

    naive impressionable fools shell out hundreds of thousands of dollars and years of their lives... to find out the next exciting chapter in the riveting saga of xenu and the thetans

    if these people knew up front that they were sacrificing all of their money and years of their lives for bad science fiction, they wouldn't join the stupid cult

    whenever someone leaks their nonsense, they try to sue the leaker into oblivion and insist on erasing the treasured revelations from any appearance outside the cult

    including yours truly here, slashdot:

    http://slashdot.org/yro/01/03/16/1256226.shtml

    the tactics of scientology, and medieval monks, are a cautionary tale. they actually represent the end game of intellectual property: i control all the information, so i control you, you are my slave. corporations don't call it a religion, but they do the same tactics, with the same end game, whether they realize it or not. relentlessly, they buy off our legislators, and convince them to pass yet stricter and stricter controls on the flow of information

    for the sake of all of the noble principles that have arisen out of the enlightenment and so many of us cherish so dearly, and have been codified into such things as the constitution and the declaration of independence, you must do your best in your life to sabotage and destroy the effectiveness of intellectual property. intellectual property is a flawed philosophical premise, but its enforcement works because it creates flows of money, that create power bases, that can be invested in further toll booths on the flow of information, until the whole thing is jammed up, strangled, and controlled. the only antidote is enough of us realizing the threat, and sabotaging it. the idea of fighting intellectual property is actually the fight for the continues enjoyment of our freedoms, ultimately, this is the crux of the clash

    and we can do that, with the internet

    intellectual property is the ultimate enemy of the freedoms you enjoy and cherish. the internet is the greatest thing since the printing press to challenge the notion. it's a long, ongoing struggle, pitting the highest principles of mankind, versus the lowest, basest forms of control over your life, for the sake of cash. but if you don't wish you or your children to be slaves to corporations, you will do your best to make intellectual property law unenforceable on the internet. it won't be easy, it won't be done in a day, but its one of the most important struggles of our lives, involving the highest principles you believe in

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  21. Up your Colophon by sgarrigan · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Medieval scribes wrote book curses in the "colophon" at the end of the book; here are two favorites:

    Whoever steals this book let him die the death; let him be frizzled in a pan; may the falling sickness rage within him; may he be broken on the wheel and be hanged.

    For him that stealeth, or borroweth and returneth not, ... let it change into a serpent in his hand and rend him. Let him be struck with palsy, and all his members blasted. Let him languish in pain crying out for mercy, & let there be no surcease until he sing in dissolution. Let bookworms gnaw his entrails. ... Let the flames of Hell consume him forever.
    — San Pedro monastery, Barcelona

    ... and one a bit older (from Asurbanipal's library in Assyria 650 BCE):

    Clay tablet of Ashurbanipal, King of the World, King of Assyria, who trusts in Ashur and Ninlil. Your lordship is without equal, Ashur, King of the Gods! Whoever removes [this tablet], writes his name in place of my name, may Ashur and Ninlil, angered and grim, cast him down, erase his name, his seed, in the land.

  22. Re:::facepalm:: by geekoid · · Score: 2, Interesting

    And your stupid.

    See Hebrews 11:13-16 - We are "strangers and pilgrims" in whatever land we happen to live. We must be obedient to the law of the land insofar as these laws do not contradict God's law.

    I'm an Atheist, and I find believers ignorance regarding there own theology very funny..and sad because you alway spread your ignorance of your theology s if it's the truth and then try to force others to comply.

    regardless to your belief, ignoring man's laws leads to anarchy.

    I know I wont change your mind because you use your ignorance as justification to do what you want and ignore how it impacts other. Hopeful someone who actually thinks will read this and realize that according to The Bible you are supposed to obey mans laws.

    It also says in the Bible to pay your taxes. Something that's convenient overlooked by the tea party and stupid people like Palin.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  23. Re:Public domain by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2, Funny

    I thought that was a common functionality of all bibles?

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  24. Re:As if the curse did any good by Just_Say_Duhhh · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I suspect the literacy rate among people who would be inclined to steal books was pretty high.

    Because all of our modern-day jewel thieves go around adorned like Mr. T? You steal something, not because it is valuable to you, but because it is valuable to someone.

    --
    I need trepanation like I need a hole in the head.
  25. Re:::facepalm:: by pushing-robot · · Score: 2, Funny

    Some scholars believe that God's ultimate intention for that was to establish the need for a large, majestic container to store them in, and thus prepare the way for the eventual creation of Raiders of the Lost Ark.

    --
    How can I believe you when you tell me what I don't want to hear?