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15-Year-Old Boy Fitted With Robotic Heart
An anonymous reader writes "What do you do when a 15-year-old boy is close to death and ineligible for a heart transplant? If you're Dr. Antonio Amodeo you turn to an artificial solution and transplant a robotic heart, giving the boy another 20-25 years of life. The Italian boy in question suffers from Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which rapidly degenerates the muscles and eventually leads to death. Having such a disease renders the boy ineligible for a heart transplant, meaning almost certain death without an alternative solution. Dr. Amodeo found such an alternative in the form of a 90-gram, fully-robotic heart that took 10 hours to fit inside the boy's left ventricle. It is a permanent solution offering as much as 25 years of life and is powered by a battery worn as a belt."
Oh, I should also point out it was a big part of one of the best episodes evar too.
because they seem to be wholly serious on their usage of the term "permanent"... which would imply to me that it should be lasting a heckuva lot longer than until he's forty.
He has a form of muscular dystrophy. They can't replace all his other muscles too and he'll eventually succumb to other problems related to MD. When you're one foot inside Death's doorway at 15, a solution that keeps you alive until ~40 is pretty darn permanent.
Yes, I believe you missed the part where the disease he has causes the muscles in his body to stop working. It's a fairly safe bet the muscles that work his lungs or digestive system... or pretty much any other part of his body... will stop working before this heart fails. Someone with this disease is "lucky" to make it to twenty.
Come to the University of Mars! Classes starting soon!
It's a lifetime guarantee.
Infuriate left and right
I'd freak out if my heart were powered by something strapped around my waist. The only option would be to build a bullet-proof metal suit with a built-in nuclear power supply. If I had enough energy left over, jet-powered hands and feet along with a dry-witted AI partner in my helmet would be a plus.
I wish I could feel better about this, but I don't. Most of these artificial hearts require systemic anticoagulation. Otherwise, they generate clots, which can travel to the brain and create a series of strokes, ultimately killing the patient.. Systemic anticoagulation brings it's own set of serious problems (bleeding tendencies, tissue changes, etc). My best wishes for this young man and his family.
I have only read the linked articles, but the description sounds like a left ventricular assist device, or LVAD. This is a pump that helps the heart push blood, rather than replacing the heart, which is what I generally think of when people talk about artificial hearts. It sounds like the innovation here is the size, its use in a child, and the length of time they plan to use it, since it is generally used as a bridge to transplant.
I think they are optimistic in thinking they can get 25 years, since we really haven't evolved the material science to have implantable devices for that long without provoking clot formation or scarring, but it sounds like they didn't have a lot of options here.
You can't take for granted that they will find another robot donor!
I would think that a medical solution that qualifies as "permanent" ought to be one that would at least have the capability of lasting long enough for a normal human life span
On the other hand, it's also something they aren't going to be looking to replace before it's in danger of wearing out.
A blue tarp is a 'temporary' solution to a damaged roof. Fixing the roof and replacing the shingles is a 'permanent' solution, in that you're not normally going to be replacing the shingles again until they're damaged or wear out.
I'm a bit surprised, last I remember they only had the one artificial heart and it was a 'complete' solution, not something that fits in one valve chamber.
I don't read AC A human right
the disease he has
This is a side note, but muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder. I know a lot of people call that kind of thing a 'disease' but that term implies a virus, bacteria, or other etc external agent (even the government spraying Agent Orange) came along and caused it. That doesn't happen with MD. He was just made that way so his condition should be labeled accordingly: a disorder. As in, not ordered correctly.
His life expectancy doesn't exceed forty.
I'd call it a permanent solution in that they won't be seriously looking to replace it anytime soon, even if something marginally better comes along.
If, by some miracle, he lives beyond forty and is still in suitable shape for the surgury, they'll likely swap it out for an updated version.
In this case 'permanent' means 'best lasting fix currently available'. You put temporary fixes in while waiting for the permanent fix to be ready.
I don't read AC A human right
"Permanent" in this case probably means "Not Temporary" since it's not designed to be removed in a relatively short period of time. Pacemakers are "permanent" in that manner too.
This sounds like something straight out of the movie Repo Men, which makes me wonder... how much does one of these things cost? And what happens if you can't pay up?
To be more precise disease is where the body's functions are changed resulting in disruption of vital functions. But if the body was always this way nothing has changed so I could see how you might think it's not a disease. But officially MD is a disease. The definition also applied to things like heart disease, which often has a genetic cause.
I suspect that the word "disease" has some connotations for you that don't exist for the rest of us, perhaps you should educate yourself further with a simple dictionary to remove this misunderstanding?
“Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy
He's got Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Living to 40 is exceptionally rare, and most people who have this disease don't live to be 30. Sadly, by the time he gets anywhere near 40, another system that cannot be replaced/augmented as easily will probably have failed. The pump they installed will almost certainly outlast him, sad as that concept is.
Still, he was just a few days from death according to the article. Even if he only makes it a few more years, it's a few more than his natural heart could have kept him alive to see, and maybe there will be enough of an advance to patch up whatever other systemic failures lie in his future. I sincerely hope that in 25 years he's looking at a replacement to the pump, but this is sadly probably the last one he'll ever need.
"This post contains words, known to the State of California to cause thought. Wash brain thoroughly after reading."
Well, if you remember in "Bicentennial Man", he slowly perfected artificial human organs, until there wasn't much that couldn't be replaced.
I'm a bit surprised at the 20 to 25 year claim. I thought it wasn't more than a year or so ago that artificial hearts, though promising, were never practical for long-term use. At best they were a stop gap measure between the original heart failing, and getting a real flesh donor heart.
I went looking for more information. The most detailed I could find was this 2006 news story
It sounds like they're offering the kid a very optimistic view of life. The article is very short on information, like specifics on the device (who makes it, what it's called, what testing has been done, what have the long term animal trials shown, etc). I'm sure they're very good engineers and doctors, but it would be nice to have more information before people start really believing that they can have an artificial heart with a MTBF of 20 to 25 years.
Serious? Seriousness is well above my pay grade.
The *heart* have a lifespan of 20-25 years. But the kid, with his Duchenne dystrophy have anyway a much shorter lifespan. The only thing is that his heart will not be the limiting factor now.
I know a lot of people call that kind of thing a 'disease' but that term implies a virus, bacteria, or other etc external agent (even the government spraying Agent Orange) came along and caused it.
Actually no. Historically "dis ease" as in lack of ease, or discomfort. Which would seem to apply to heart failure. Every modern definition applies either at one end to a unique set of symptoms, or any unique pathological condition resulting in those symptoms.
Its like arguing that people often talk about species of insects, therefore they can't talk about species of bacteria.
"Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
Cardboard and duct-tape are a 'temporary' solution to a damaged car window. Fixing the window and replacing the glass is a 'permanent' solution in that you're not normally going to be replacing the window again until you get side-swiped by a garbage truck again. FTFY
I know I should lighten up, but I really resent the decay of the term robot. Robots are autonomous devices. They were so when the term was first used in Rossum's Universal Robots.
A mechanical heart is not a robot. It only does work for you in a purely physics definition. (If you allow a physics definition of work for robot, then a lever that bends slightly is a robot -- it reacts to the amount of weight put on it by bending and it does 'work' for you.)
This heart is a mechanical device. It ends there. It is not a robot.
Similarly, remote-controlled devices, no matter how cool, are not robots. You are controlling them. They are not autonomous. We are not fighting the war in Afghanistan with robots. Stop saying that.
This pisses me off not because it's devaluing a term I think will be important someday, when we actually do have robots, but because it reflects a growing (or was it always there?) stupidity amongst the populace. They know what a robot is on a macro level, but they have no idea what this heart is on the most basic mechanical or control level. They don't understand machines of any sort, electronics of any sort, or fine distinctions of logic. They don't think about things and they're more interested in what sounds cool than what's correct.
Years ago, I put an extra question on all our screening tests for job applicants in computer jobs (networking, IT, etc). It was "How does a light bulb work?" The number of people who left the answer blank, answered "I don't know" or answered incorrectly was staggering. Not surprisingly, the people who knew enough to be considered for the computer job also generally knew how a light bulb worked and tended to answer the question in detail with something close to glee.
They constituted a vanishingly small percent of the applicants.
Why is this "robotic" and not just "mechanical" ?
Artificial hearts of one sort or another have been around since the 70's. All that's really new here is his age.
I want a list of atrocities done in your name - Recoil
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a progressive, irreversible muscular disorder where the muscle cells literally pull themselves apart due to the lack of a key membrane-stabilising protein, Dystrophin.
So now this boy's heart can't give out for 25 years, you're then only consigning him to die of suffocation as his diaphragm does.
Oh no, ventilator. Well, let's wait for his oesophagus, colon and eye muscles to go...
But he's still alive, just locked into an immobile, artificially ventilated body with a heart that will never stop.
That seems worse than the natural alternative to me.
Who knows what advances in medical science will reveal. Perhaps they will find some sort of genetic trigger to undo some of the effects of MD
When he starts dreaming of electric sheep?
The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
To conserve resources please go end yourself now.
So what you're saying is that they might as well implant his brain in a terrifying robotic body *now* and save some time?
Life is about living. The #1 thing that all living things fear is death. It's one thing to talk about letting go (unless you're in that much pain or suicidal) . But when faced to face death head on, it's only natural that we claw and cling on to every last moment of life until we are physical unable to.
If someone told me that I could live an extra few hours by having this procedure, I can't say I wouldn't take the opportunity. Imagine how he must feel. He's only 15.
Life is not for the lazy.
You are absolutely correct that no one can know how he will choose faced with these possibilities. These are hard choices that no one can truthfully predict how they will decide until faced with them in real life.
As a doctor, I guess for me it is something I face on a more daily basis. I see old people who have full-blown dementia, are physically bed-ridden and incontinent and yet sometimes their families want me to do anything to save their loved ones and make them healthy. It never ceases to amaze me how people can be so out of touch with reality.
If it were my parents (which I know that one day it will be), I would like to know when to stop and let them just die without anymore suffering.
So yes, I understand this is a hard choice for a 15y old child and his family and, frankly, I can understand why they chose to cling to any small shred of hope. I just hope that their doctor presented the situation truthfully and didn't paint the child's prospects too positively before the operation (unlike the summery).
Whenever in an argument, remember this.
The #1 thing that all conscious things fear is death.
Don't anthropomorphise trees and fish. It upsets them.
To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
A friend of my sister ended up in a state like that. I don't recall the disorder right off, but it wasn't pretty.
The onset was like the common cold. That became pneumonia. He was hospitalized, and over the next few days, he ended up in a vegetative state. He had no sort of motor control at all. It was to the point where he couldn't even twitch a finger or toe. He couldn't speak. He couldn't see because his eyes wouldn't focus or track, or even blink. He could hear, but couldn't react to anything. He was fully aware, trapped in a completely useless body.
It took them a little while to discover the disorder. All they could do was treat him with IV antibiotics. After about 3 months, he could sort of mumble words, but they were indistinct. After 6 months, he had regained his motor skills, but his body had atrophied so much he couldn't do much. Walking was out of the question. Even doing something as easy as typing was beyond him for a while. There was a pretty good period of physical rehabilitation before he was able to move like a normal person.
He described it as absolute hell. He was fully conscious when he was awake, and the difference between awake and asleep wasn't visible to anyone observing him. For the first months of it, he said he wished he could have just died. After he recovered, he wasn't all rays of sunshine either. It took him a while to work through his depression that set in while he was in his vegetative state. Even after that, he wasn't himself.
I wouldn't wish that on anyone, regardless if it was a temporary condition like his, nor living the last months of your life.
Serious? Seriousness is well above my pay grade.