Slashdot Mirror


Mystery of the Dying Bees Solved

jamie points out news of a study attempting to explain the decline of honeybee populations across the US. As it turns out, the fungus N. ceranae that was thought to be killing off bee colonies had a partner in crime — a DNA-based virus that worked in tandem with N. ceranae to compromise nutrition uptake. From the NY Times: "Dr. Bromenshenk's team at the University of Montana and Montana State University in Bozeman, working with the Army's Edgewood Chemical Biological Center northeast of Baltimore, said in their jointly written paper that the virus-fungus one-two punch was found in every killed colony the group studied. Neither agent alone seems able to devastate; together, the research suggests, they are 100 percent fatal. 'It's chicken and egg in a sense — we don't know which came first,' Dr. Bromenshenk said of the virus-fungus combo — nor is it clear, he added, whether one malady weakens the bees enough to be finished off by the second, or whether they somehow compound the other's destructive power. 'They're co-factors, that's all we can say at the moment,' he said. 'They're both present in all these collapsed colonies.'"

29 of 347 comments (clear)

  1. Now to bring them back by BadAnalogyGuy · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Any guidelines on how to help the bees return?

    I like gardening a lot and put out a lot of ornamental flowers and vegetables to attract bees, but this year there have been very few.

    1. Re:Now to bring them back by GrumblyStuff · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I heard one idea about stop trying to get bees to pollinate a single crop at a time. The idea is that like us, they aren't getting the nutrition they need from one plant. They need many different plants.

      My idea would be to stop shipping them all over the country. Yeah, yeah, hippie organic shit but I'm willing to bet that the fungus and the virus were in separate regions at one point. Shipping them around exposed them to new diseases and exposed native bees to new diseases. Well, that's my hypothesis anyway.

      I'd also like to see more stringent pesticide regulations.

    2. Re:Now to bring them back by Mashiki · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Kill the fungus, they can survive to repopulate hives if they have the virus. Really all that needs to be developed is a weak fungicide that targets it, and that's not as hard as it sounds. Either that or you find queens that have survived a collapse and breed them with normal bees, who haven't developed an immunity.

      I'm also going to say, the whole "RF/Secretgovernment testing/out to destroy us all" conspiracy theories have once again proven to what they are. Bullshit.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    3. Re:Now to bring them back by JonySuede · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'm willing to bet that the fungus and the virus were in separate regions at one point

      I am pretty sure that your hypothesis is valid. However I do not see a way to test it, anyone has any ideas for an experimental setup?

      --
      Jehovah be praised, Oracle was not selected
    4. Re:Now to bring them back by Gilmoure · · Score: 3, Funny

      First we build a second Earth...

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    5. Re:Now to bring them back by MarcQuadra · · Score: 5, Funny

      You know who else liked experiments?

      Hitler!

      --
      "Sometimes, I think Trent just needs a cup of hot chocolate and a blankie." -Tori Amos on Nine Inch Nails
    6. Re:Now to bring them back by t33jster · · Score: 5, Funny

      I'm also going to say, the whole "RF/Secretgovernment testing/out to destroy us all" conspiracy theories have once again proven to what they are. Bullshit.

      Are you kidding? This so-called "paper" was "co-written" by some Army chemists. If anything, it PROVES the conspiracy theories!

      *adds yet another layer of tinfoil to an already heavy hat*

      --
      Take off every 'sig' for great justice.
    7. Re:Now to bring them back by interval1066 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "I'm willing to bet that the fungus and the virus were in separate regions at one point."

      Would have only prolonged the wait, not prevented the combination. Also- shipping the bees around would expose them to more variety of flowers, not less. Your hypothesis on that part seems incorrect to me.

      "I'd also like to see more stringent pesticide regulations."

      We already have some of the strongest pesticide regulations in the world. Its not clear to me how pesticides play a role in this scenario.In an unrelated pesticide story larger US cities are currently reporting much higher incidences of bedbug infestation, largely blamed on the banning of DDT in 1972.

      --
      Python: 'And then suddenly you have a language which says "we're all stuck with whatever the whiniest coder wants".'
    8. Re:Now to bring them back by oldspewey · · Score: 5, Funny

      Granted, when you develop a drug for bees you are less worried about side-effects than you are with humans, but it's still not that easy.

      Damned straight. I find that I get stung roughly once for every 12-15 bees I try to force feed medicine. Even when I explain how it's for their own good, they buzz and scream and kick up a fuss and somebody always ends up getting stung.

      I hate my job.

      --
      If libertarians are so opposed to effective government, why don't they all move to Somalia?
    9. Re:Now to bring them back by h4rr4r · · Score: 3, Informative

      Bees are shipped all over the world, Australia and Israel are big bee colony producers.

    10. Re:Now to bring them back by Spykk · · Score: 3, Funny

      Why not just breed the honey bees with a hardier strain of bee? Perhaps something from Africa...

    11. Re:Now to bring them back by Kilrah_il · · Score: 4, Informative

      The main reason that bacteria are easier to attack than fungi is that, since they are further down the evolutionary chain (they are prokaryotes, not eukaryotes like the fungi and humans), they are more likely to have proteins different enough from ours to serve as safe targets for drugs. Finding a protein that is foundamental for a fungi's survival yet different enough from the human counterpart is the main obstacle in developing effective antifungals.

      The problem with viruses is that since they use the host's cellular machinary, they usually have a small amount of unique proteins, and thus exacerbating the problem mentioned above. BTW, an antiviral drug doesn't have to prompt the immune system's response (Interferon does that, but others, such oseltamivir, do not).

      P.S. It's 2AM, I don't feel like including Wikipedia links. Feel free to look up what you need yourself. Sorry.

      --
      Whenever in an argument, remember this.
  2. Re:What, a computer virus? by marcansoft · · Score: 3, Informative

    RNA retroviruses, such as HIV.

  3. Headline by ffreeloader · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So, the headline is: Mystery of the Dying Bees Solved.

    The first sentence in the first paragraph says: jamie points out news of a study attempting to explain the decline of honeybee populations across the US.

    I guess "attempting to explain" now means "solved". The English language sure is changing rapidly here on /..

    --
    "while democracy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in restraint and servitude." de Tocqueville
    1. Re:Headline by Halo1 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I recently saw a documentary (in Dutch) on this topic on TV (which was a translated version of a French documentary).

      They indicated many different causes:

      • the parasite (a kind of mite) mentioned in the summary, and the fact that it spreads viruses. Good news: a few colonies have learned to adapt by recognising and killing larvae infected with mite eggs, and removing them from the colony

      • The current bee population is way too homogeneous. All bee queens that are currently sold on the global market are bred in the US by a handful of people. Moreover, the bee population in the US is was already not very diverse in the first place because honey bees are not native to North America, they were imported by European settlers (so they all descend from a few colonies).

      • The global bee trade from the previous point also results in quickly spreading diseases and parasites all over the world.

      • Bee colonies are "abused" in many parts of the world. For example, California has immense almond plantations, with hundreds of thousands of acres that contain nothing but grass and almond trees (apparently it's the state's larges source of income). These flower at the end of winter and have to be fertilised within a period of a few weeks. In order to be achieve this, they import bee colonies from all over the US.

        Problem: bees are normally still hibernating at that point. "Solution": a few weeks in advance they put patties with antibiotics and food concentrate in the colonies to "warm them up". Problem: apart from the forced de-hibernation, many bees die of malnutrition in those plantations because even though there is an abundance of pollen, it's all almond pollen and these do not contain all different kinds of nutrients that bees requires.

      • Pesticides, in particular neonicotinoids (but not just those). There were some pretty horrible stories in the documentary about Bayer refusing all responsibility in the face of all evidence, which included negative effects on bees even when researchers diluted the pesticides to the extent that they could no longer detect them.

        It has become that bad that several beekeepers now take their colonies "on holidays" (e.g. to the Provence in France) to allow them to recuperate from all the poison they get from the farmlands and plantations. Even more surreal was that apparently a number of beekeepers are moving from the countryside into cities, because the lack of pesticides in urban settings more than compensates for the other pollution and the reduced availability of pollen.

      --
      Donate free food here
  4. God's Vengeance by jfz · · Score: 5, Funny

    Wait, so it isn't God's vengeance for Bee homosexuality?

    1. Re:God's Vengeance by Beardo+the+Bearded · · Score: 4, Funny

      Put down Xenocide and walk away.

      --

      ---
      ECHELON is a government program to find words like bomb, jihad, plutonium, assassinate, and anarchy.
  5. Re:Too bad, do we help them...? by RingDev · · Score: 5, Informative

    Are bees an integral part of our society, and do they need to be present else we die off somehow.

    If you'll excuse a slight over simplification: Yes.

    -Rick

    --
    "Most people in the U.S. wouldn't know they live in a tyrannical state if it walked up and grabbed their junk." - MyFirs
  6. many common viruses are RNA based, not DNA... by slew · · Score: 5, Informative

    What the hell kind of virus isn't DNA-based?

    For example, the flu is an RNA based virus...
    Perhaps you might want to stick to writing computer programs ;^)

  7. Re:Too bad, do we help them...? by h4rr4r · · Score: 5, Informative

    Somehow?

    Do you eat any fruits or eat anything that ever ate a fruit? Including fruits that some people think are vegetables, tomatoes, peppers, cumcumbers, etc?

    If so thank a bee. We do not have the man power to pollinate our crops by hand, without bees no fruit.

  8. Re:Too bad, do we help them...? by bhcompy · · Score: 3, Informative

    Bees are the primary pollinators in our world. Without them we'll have serious issues with plant growth and our food supply

  9. Re:Too bad, do we help them...? by b0bby · · Score: 4, Informative

    Are bees an integral part of our society, and do they need to be present else we die off somehow....the impact of the species becoming extinct is not unimportant as let's say the platapus....I think if we can, we should help the species by giving them some sort of cure, if we can find it....else we might go without honey in our future.

    Honey is just a nice side benefit - many many crops rely on bees to pollinate them. So much so that in the US, farmers pay people to drive hives around on trucks to pollinate their fields at the right time. Before this study, the stress of transport was thought to be connected to collapse disorder; it may still be a contributing cause.

  10. Re:Answer by cpscotti · · Score: 3, Funny

    I always wonder how many people tried to play the same hoax you're trying there but they took it so serious that they didn't click the "Preview" and theeen the "submit" buttons.

    I fact, I like them better.

  11. Nice study, now what? by dunsel · · Score: 5, Informative

    As a practical beekeeper I feel it is my duty to take this one step further and speculate on how to apply this finding to saving my bees. Virus transmission should be kept to a minimum, I can't think of much else to do to keep a virus like this in check. The primary vector for honeybee viruses is the varroa mite and this pest continues to be the primary killer of honeybees despite all of the hubub about this "Colony Collapse Disorder". Finding that this mite has a hand in CCD is no surprise to me. Nosema is not new to the beekeeping world although N. ceranae is a bigger problem than the tamer N. apis that we're used to dealing with. The treatment is the same though, feed Fumidil B. The bad news is that there isn't much new here so there won't be a silver bullet cure. Keep the bees healthy as best we can, that's about all I can see here.

    1. Re:Nice study, now what? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      > As a practical beekeeper I feel it is my duty to take this one step further and speculate on how to apply this finding to saving my bees.

      You should leave the speculation to the theoretical beekeepers.

  12. Just do a comparison by Sycraft-fu · · Score: 4, Interesting

    You can buy wild desert honey. The bees that make it feed on the various plants found in the desert. They are allowed to feed on whatever they can find. It isn't that common in stores nationally, but you see it in the desert states, since that's where it is made. At any rate, compare their health to the health of clover honey bees. If there is a significant difference, then maybe you are on to something.

    Remember that not all honey is produced the same way. Clover honey is popular because it is easy to make and has a very uniform taste, however polyfloral honey is available. Personally I always buy wild desert honey because I appreciate the flavour. It isn't always the same bottle to bottle, but it has some complexity than regular clover honey. Little more expensive too but then it isn't like you go through a honey bottle a week or something.

    1. Re:Just do a comparison by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      > it isn't like you go through a honey bottle a week or something.

      Speak for yourself.

      Signed,
      The Bears.

  13. Just to point out by Colin+Smith · · Score: 4, Informative

    That farmers have to pay to have hives driven round because they liberally spray insecticides which wipe out local populations of native insects, including bees.

     

    --
    Deleted
  14. Combo Dual Win ! by DrYak · · Score: 4, Funny

    What a magnificent example of both critical research failure and Godwin law, all rolled together in a single flamebait. Brilliant !

    --
    "Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]