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Low Quality Alloy Cause of Shuttle Main Tank Issue

BJ_Covert_Action writes "NASA engineers have finally discovered the root cause of the cracks that have been found on space shuttle Discovery's main external tank. The main tank, one of the 'Super Lightweight Tank' models developed by Lockheed-Martin, employs an aluminum-lithium alloy developed by Lockheed-Martin specifically for this application. The new alloy is used in various structural stringers throughout the SLWT design. Unfortunately, the batch of this alloy used in the tank that is currently mated with the Discovery shuttle appears to be of low quality. The alloy used in the stringers has a 'mottled' appearance, compared to the nominal appearance typically used in the main tank stringers (see picture in article). This appearance is indicative of a fracture threshold that is significantly lower than typical. NASA has determined, through testing, that this low grade alloy has only 65% of the fracture strength of the nominal alloy typically used. NASA engineers have devised a potential fix to the problem that they are currently testing to ensure the repair will cause no unintended consequences. NASA plans to have the Discovery shuttle ready to launch again by February 24th, 2011."

25 of 118 comments (clear)

  1. You know how they will fix it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Duct Tape!

  2. I guess I'm an optimist... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 2

    In an ideal world, wouldn't the fix be "Pick up the phone, scream at the contractor for trying to pull this shit on you, and demand a part that actually works to spec, right. the. fuck. yesterday."?

    It seems like the contract must have been poorly written(and/or a blatant giveaway to our precious, precious defense contractors and their poor starving shareholders) if the solution they are ending up with is "have in-house engineers get their Macguyver on and make the gigantic tank-o'-rocket fuel on a manned vessel work somehow."

    1. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by jd · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem is, the fuel tank production facility has already closed. There aren't any spare parts. It could well be that the last production cycle was done on the cheap for just that reason - there's nobody to complain to, there can't be any penalties placed on those responsible, they get their last paycheck, and if they walk away with the difference in costs, well who'se going to even notice?

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    2. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by geekoid · · Score: 2

      because there isn't a way to fix it. If they where going to fly for years, then yeah. But hwo are they going to build a new one in time for the next flight? They can't, no one can. It's not possible.

      What shuld happen is the contractor picks up the cost to fix, as well as liability from failure.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    3. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by llung · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Blame the government? They didn't build the tank, the contractor did. The idea is for the contractor to build the item they bid upon to the specifications. How would the engineers know that these are at 65% of the expected fracture strength? Because they have specs.

    4. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by smooth+wombat · · Score: 3, Insightful

      They build things that barely get by the predefined margins of acceptability with the lowest cost.

      Like Spirit and Opportunity, right?

      Or did you mean Deep Impact (not the movie)?

      Voyager 1 and 2? Cassini?

      --
      We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    5. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by Thelasko · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I'm also willing to bet that the best and the brightest at the tank manufacturing facility left shortly after they heard the shuttle program was canceled.

      --
      One of our competitors trademarked the term "hypothesis". From now on, we will call them "boneheaded ideas".
    6. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by poetmatt · · Score: 2

      this is very much a chicken and egg scenario in a lot of ways.

      you have: lowest bidder, no bid contracts, government specs being too stringent, and gov't specs being not stringent enough.

      all of these occur sometimes, whether it's one independently or multiple.

      So no, don't just blame the contractor, and don't just blame the gov't. Everyone has a part in the issues here.

    7. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by timeOday · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It would take some actual evidence to convince me anybody did this knowingly. Your assumption of, "oh well, it's our last batch, I don't care if the shuttle blows up" doesn't sound very likely to me.

    8. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by pantherace · · Score: 2

      Better yet, have Congress tell NASA what they want, then have NASA do all the contracts, irregardless of the senators & reps' home states.

      However, good luck with congress not fucking that up.

    9. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by prisoner-of-enigma · · Score: 2

      and if they walk away with the difference in costs, well who'se going to even notice?

      I imagine that if the tank failed, blew up another shuttle, and killed another seven astronauts, an awful lot of people will notice. And Congress will call an inquiry. And constituents will demand that heads roll. And anyone and everyone associated with the tank -- working, retired, resigned, fired, or whatever -- can and will be roasted alive in the court of public opinion, fined into oblivion, professionally ruined for life, and perhaps even jailed. Never underestimate the power of the public's desire for a scapegoat, nor any legislative body's desire to satiate the public for it. And that assumes there's a scapegoat that actually exists in the first place, but if there isn't, one or more will be created for the occasion.

      --
      In the end they will lay their freedom at our feet and say to us, Make us your slaves, but feed us. - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
    10. Re:I guess I'm an optimist... by fluffy99 · · Score: 2

      More than likely the contract just called for the standard alloy number, AlLi-2090 I'd guess. The alloy mixture is probably correct but the heat treatment was likely not performed correctly. Add to that the contract probably didn't call for testing the materials.

      End result is certainly that the govt will pay for the rework. I've worked with Lockheed Martin before. They do contracting very well and always get paid since they have high level politicians in their pocket. We had one experience where they developed a large system for use and then held us hostage as the contract didn't specifically state that the source code or PLL programming was part of the deliverable. They wanted us to pay them 100x the going rate for any software changes. They refused to provide the hardware schematics or accept a new contract to produce spares, and instead wanted a new contract to develop an entirely new replacement system.

  3. Re:Typical U.S. quality by dadelbunts · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Not typical U.S quality. Typical U.S government contracts. Government agencies opt for cheapest price instead of quality usually. I remember when COD4 came out i was working on some contracts for the army and i saw this quote. Could never keep myself from laughing at how true it was. “Never forget that your weapon was made by the lowest bidder.”

  4. That is surprising by vadim_t · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The bad alloy is distinct enough from the good one to tell at a glance from a low res photo.

    And it even seems that they had records of the unusual appearance. So the materials came in, somebody noticed and documented that this batch looked funny, but nobody thought to investigate if they might have got something other than what was specified?

  5. I can't help but think... by HotNeedleOfInquiry · · Score: 2

    That this is more of a "make-work" project than anything else. Last shuttle flight is coming up, then everyone goes home. What better way to give them all a 3 month bonus than to find some previously-undiscovered issue.

    These aerospace materials are extensively tested, analyzed and inspected. Paperwork with melt number, lot number and names of everyone that ever touched the material are kept.

    Decide for yourself...

    --
    "Eve of Destruction", it's not just for old hippies anymore...
    1. Re:I can't help but think... by BJ_Covert_Action · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Or, alternatively, back in November when Discovery was being fueled, an on-pad engineer could have noticed a crack along the main tank that looked large enough to be suspicious and reported it. As a result, NASA delayed a launch multiple months (something which causes a hassle for other launch platforms preparing to launch, as shuttle almost always takes precedence) to figure out what was causing the main tank, a gigantic bubble filled with cryogenic, highly flammable liquid explosives, to crack since, you know, they don't want that toxic shit spraying all over their personnel on launch. Then, after performing three months of rigorous analysis to model, simulate, and test a highly complex system with hundreds of thousands of stress focal points that are subjected to extreme temperatures throughout a mission, the people that NASA pays a cubic assload of money to for being smarter than you and I finally figured out the problem, and proposed a solution.

      There are dozens of ways low-quality material could have made it through the QA process at Lockheed that don't require some sort of communist-conspiracy, "OMG we need jobs," to explain. For instance, it could be that, since production on this particular tank model has stopped, the remaining work force was simply trying to make due with what they had, materials wise, and produce their product (the tank) as quickly as possible without giving a particular two-shits to the wind as to how sound it was since, you know, their program was getting canceled anyways. Or, yeah, it could be a jobs program. Sure.

    2. Re:I can't help but think... by h4rr4r · · Score: 2

      Not every nutcase is a terrorist. That word is far over used. He is a criminal, a murderer and a nutcase, so are most terrorists but the inverse is not always true.

  6. Re:Performance clauses by Rosco+P.+Coltrane · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That's the Government's stupidity for not putting a performance clause into the contract

    And you know that because...?

    I work as a QA engineer for a large defense contractor. One thing I can tell you is that we issue a lot of documents requiring our plants and our suppliers to follow a metric shitload of MIL, ISO, EN and whatnot standards, for the very purpose of meeting stringent quality requirements set forth in the contracts. It takes months, sometimes years for our products just to pass qualification and type-approval tests, and our products don't even go in space.

    In short, you're talking out of your ass.

    --
    "A door is what a dog is perpetually on the wrong side of" - Ogden Nash
  7. Re:Typical U.S. quality by geekoid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    False.

    Quality has been a part of every government requirement I have ever seen.
    Price is another factor as well.

    But hey, lets not let facts stand in the way of urban myths and hyperbole.

    NASA quality has had a very demanding view on quality. No, it's not perfect. Unfortunately, when it's not perfect and something fails, it's a big deal. When that happens, no one seem to remember all the success.

    The singles biggest point of quality failure is no bid contracts.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  8. Re:it's either ... by geekoid · · Score: 2

    35% is very high, and it increase the risk enough. Even with perfect materials, there is always a risk.

    Clearly you have no clue on engineering shit the goes into and returns from space.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  9. Why is NASA Being Blamed? by BJ_Covert_Action · · Score: 2

    I like how there are folks complaining about NASA when the tank and alloy were manufactured by Lockheed-Martin....

  10. Your tax dollars at work by Dunbal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    A contractor provides inferior quality alloy for a lightweight fuel tank. So NASA engineers come up with a system to brace said fuel tank, reinforcing it and fixing the problem.

    The lightweight fuel tank now weighs as much as a regular fuel tank, when you include the reinforcement, but at 3 times the cost. But don't worry, people stayed employed at your expense, and that's all that matters. Yay!

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  11. Re:Performance clauses by 517714 · · Score: 2

    I am an engineer in the supply side for the nuclear power industry, we have to retrain your kind extensively - our paperwork is measured in avoirdupois kiloshitloads. Good paperwork is no substitute for good quality. The process has to be designed so that it will will consistently deliver the intended product, not merely meet specifications. I would bet that the CMTRs (Certified Material Test Reports) for the batch of stringers that have failures show the material met specs. Meeting specs is what QA is all about, but the right specs and requirements (often supplementary) must to be imposed, and in this case they probably were not. The contractor delivered a defective assembly, and no amount of paperwork is going to change that. One can only speculate on whether there were documents falsified or the process was insufficiently rigorous.

    --
    The US government have made it clear that we have no inalienable rights; any we do not defend vigorously will be taken.
  12. Re:Look in the mirror. by publiclurker · · Score: 2

    I'd have to say that the people who try to bypass the standards and the corporate whores who defend them are the ones talking out of their asses. Then again, you weren't interested in a truthful answer, were you?

  13. Re:it's either ... by joebob2000 · · Score: 2

    Uhh, it's not a ferry boat. Its a fucking space shuttle. The goal is to get into space, not to meet some vague undergrad textbook factor of safety rule of thumb you read as a nooblet. Also, they are not buying bar stock from McMaster-Carr, they're whipping up batches of engineered materials for a specific application. This application is about as performance demanding as things get, the runs are small, the costs are high, and there is not a lot of room for error. Yet man is still not god, so errors happen despite the best efforts of a lot of dedicated people. If you are a real engineer, and you have never made a mistake, then count your blessings instead of acting like a cock. If you're not a real engineer then STFU.