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New CO2 Harvester Could Help Scrub the Air

sciencehabit sends this excerpt from ScienceNOW: "Researchers in California have produced a cheap plastic capable of removing large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air. Down the road, the new material could enable the development of large-scale batteries and even form the basis of 'artificial trees' that lower atmospheric concentrations of CO2 in an effort to stave off catastrophic climate change."

62 of 368 comments (clear)

  1. Massive farms of artificial trees... by icebike · · Score: 5, Insightful

    From TFA:

    The polymer could be useful for building massive farms of artificial trees that would aim to reduce atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and prevent the worst ravages of climate change. But that's only if countries around the globe are willing to spend untold billions of dollars to rein in atmospheric CO2.

    It also says:

    So you have to expend a fairly large amount of energy heating the media to 85C/185F to get it to give up the CO2, (then more energy to store the CO2).
    How long it takes to saturate the polymer is not mentioned, but unless its months between regeneration, the CO2 generated while collecting the polymer media, transporting it to a facility, HEATING it, capturing the recovered CO2, could exceed the amount it could capture. And then you are still left with the CO2 you captured. What to do with that?

    So the original purpose of this polymer, to keep C02 out of batteries seems to be a far better use for the polymer than environmental CO2 sequestration.

    While far from perfect, farming real trees seems a less energy intensive method especially when treated as a crop, harvested at the optimal time, with the wood used for long duration storage.

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    1. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by plopez · · Score: 5, Insightful

      *CO2 floats away*

      To where? Still what hasn't been accounted for is the amount of energy required to produce the polymer. It's probably a petroleum based polymer which requires oil extraction, shipping, processing in a refinery and/or chemical plant, and manufacture. I want to see mass and energy balances. The softer approach of planting trees is probably still the best approach when compared to energy intense Engineering approaches. Trees also have the advantage of binding up water vapour, which is a green house gas much more powerful than CO2.

      --
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    2. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by tysonedwards · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yesterday, wasn't the general consensus from the scientific community that we were 1500 years off from the next ice age, and that the current concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in pushing that off for at least another 1000 years?

      We as a species should just decide on whether we want to live in the tropics or the arctic. This constant back and forth is getting tiring.

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    3. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Sorry mate, entropy. Having gained energy by combining Carbon with air, you must put in energy to get your carbon back. All you end up with is a huge/complicated/inefficient battery. AS there are already large amounts of carbon lying around natrually (coal) , it probably isn't worth it.

    4. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Ichijo · · Score: 4, Interesting

      We as a species should just decide on whether we want to live in the tropics or the arctic.

      Or instead of playing god, why don't we try to limit our effect on the environment and let it decide for itself?

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    5. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by MiniMike · · Score: 3, Interesting

      From TFA:

      It also says:

      So you have to expend a fairly large amount of energy heating the media to 85C/185F to get it to give up the CO2, (then more energy to store the CO2).
      How long it takes to saturate the polymer is not mentioned, but unless its months between regeneration, the CO2 generated while collecting the polymer media, transporting it to a facility, HEATING it, capturing the recovered CO2, could exceed the amount it could capture. And then you are still left with the CO2 you captured. What to do with that?

      So the original purpose of this polymer, to keep C02 out of batteries seems to be a far better use for the polymer than environmental CO2 sequestration.

      While far from perfect, farming real trees seems a less energy intensive method especially when treated as a crop, harvested at the optimal time, with the wood used for long duration storage.

      With a requirement of only 85 C, they could easily be heated using low-grade waste heat from a process plant, or using a solar concentrator or similar. No additional energy expenditure required. It would also probably be done locally, so there would be little to no transport cost. There will still be some cost to recover and contain it, but it should still be an overall reduction of CO2. There are multiple uses for the CO2, that should not be a problem.

    6. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      *CO2 floats away*

      To where?

      Narnia.

    7. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by overshoot · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I often wonder where people who deny pollution is having any effect on the earth think they are going to live if they are wrong.

      Well, some of them aren't real good with the concept of "I could be wrong."

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    8. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by pz · · Score: 2

      Wait, wait... so if we take the wood and turn it into charcoal by outgassing, compress the charcoal, and then store it in underground caverns, maybe, oh, I don't know, um, old coal mines, the cycle will be complete!

      Kidding aside, it sounds like a good idea and, with some effort, could be part of a long-term shift in energy source from coal to processed wood, which is probably a good thing, especially if the outgassing products are trapped and used for raw materials.

      --

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    9. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      I often wonder where people who deny pollution is having any effect on the earth think they are going to live if they are wrong.

      On their yacht?

    10. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by GrumpySteen · · Score: 4, Informative

      No. Yesterday there was an article about one small group of scientists who claim that the next ice age should begin in 1500 years based on the frequency of ice ages in past history. One group's predictions hardly qualifies as "general consensus from the scientific community."

    11. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Helix_Sky · · Score: 2

      Yesterday, wasn't the general consensus from the scientific community that we were 1500 years off from the next ice age, and that the current concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in pushing that off for at least another 1000 years?

      Well then there is that whole ocean acidification thing. Rising temperatures aren't the only effect of climate change. There is no free lunch here.

    12. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      It floats out to sea yo, too.

    13. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It means the CO2 can be extracted from the absorber (PEI) by heating the material (after saturate it with CO2) up to 85c. This is not that much energy to extract the CO2 out as compared to other CO2 absorbers.

      But I still agree that trees would be the best way to deal with CO2. The article said that his original idea of trapping CO2 is to combine it with Hydrogen to produce methanol fuel (as below quoted).

      "he (Olah) suggests that society could harvest atmospheric CO2 and combine it with hydrogen stripped from water to generate a methanol fuel for myriad uses."

      The problem with this is that how much does it cost to "strip" hydrogen from water and "generate" the methanol fuel with the capture CO2? Also, what other "wastes" produced by the process? No detail on it... This is just something for those who like to get fames for a short period of time...

    14. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Medievalist · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If you apply that EXACT argument to disease research (don't play god, just let nature work it out), we'd still be dying from Smallpox.

      Well, isn't that the official Republican position on healthcare?

      I'm kidding, OK, kidding. Back away from the flamethrower.

    15. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by rtshrubber · · Score: 2

      There is a typo in the article summary. The polymer material will reportedly absorb 1.71 mmole (millimoles = 1 x 10^-3^ moles) of CO_2_ per gram of the polymer. A lot better than nmoles (nanomoles = 1 x 10^-9^ moles), but your point still stands, they'll have to do a lot better CO_2_ per gram of polymer to have any atmospheric impact. Also, one mole of CO_2_ has a mass of 44.01 grams, not 75.68.

    16. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by magisterx · · Score: 2

      Cutting them down and using them for anything other than burning them (or letting them decay) would sequester the carbon they had captured for relatively long periods of time. That does actually include burying them as long as it is in a way that would deter natural decay (many of the bacteria involved release CO2).

    17. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by macraig · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The softer approach of planting trees is probably still the best approach....

      You're overlooking one irreducibly important fact: planting trees won't make this polymer's producer any money. They don't have a patent on trees, dammit!

    18. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by skids · · Score: 2
    19. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by icebike · · Score: 2

      He (we) do pay full price. At the dealership, the gas pump, and on our tax bill. These things don't build themselves you know. As a society we decided to build them and we pay the full price. Try Macro Economics 101 at your local community college.

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    20. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by hawguy · · Score: 2

      Or, to look at it another way, each gram of the material sops up (44 g/mole * 1.72 x 10e-9 moles = ) 75nano-grams of CO2.

      A gallon of gas produces 20 lbs or 9.1kg of CO2

      So you'd need 9.1kg / 75ng = 120 billion grams of the material to absorb the CO2 output from a gallon of gas.

      I don't know the density of this new material or its substrate, but if it's similar to common plastic tarps... A 20x100 foot roll of 10mil plastic film weighs 95 lbs (which probably includes the cardboard spindle).

      So that's 43 kg for 20 * 100 = 2000 ft^3 = 185 m^2 or 232g/m^2

      So, it would take (120 giga-grams / (232 g / m^2)) = 500 million square meters of this new plastic to absorb the CO2 from one gallon of gasoline (or 500 km^2 or a square 22 km on each side). That's about 4 times larger than the city of San Francisco.

      Granted this would probably be used in a large belt that is continuously recycled to absorb CO2 then heat it and release, but still, that's a huge amount of material.

      I know I don't have say this (it is Slashdot afterall), but please check my math.

    21. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by icebike · · Score: 3, Informative

      Just piling on....

      Research on the net seems to suggest a tree can sequester anywhere form 21 pounds to 73 pounds of CO2 per year, depending on species and size.

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    22. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by viperidaenz · · Score: 2

      If you could strip H from H2O why would you not just burn the H2 with the excess O2 to turn it back into H2O instead of turning the CO2 + 2H2 -> CH4 + O2 then burning it back to CO2 and H2O

    23. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by rgbatduke · · Score: 2

      The point is to eventually catalyze everything to long chain hydrocarbons, e.g. Octane. Liquid at room temperature and pressure, high energy density. Way higher than any battery. Gasoline is gasoline because it is a damn efficient way to store energy and release it later under controlled circumstances and turn it into work.

      --
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    24. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by dr2chase · · Score: 3, Informative

      Someone, somewhere, made a math or transcription error. This http://pubs.acs.org/stoken/presspac/presspac/full/10.1021/ja2100005 says they get 78mg/g. You need about 13 g of this stuff (the treated fumed silica) to adsorb 1 g of CO2.

    25. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The reason to harvest the CO2 is that while it's in the atmosphere at current levels (let alone another 100 years worth of emissions) it's going to cause us problems. Pull it out of the atmosphere and do something useful with it is the only solution that will turn things around.

      That said, reducing current emissions is the first step. Harvesting existing CO2 is probably step 10 or 11 down that path.

      --
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    26. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by hawguy · · Score: 3, Informative

      Go here http://pubs.acs.org/stoken/presspac/presspac/full/10.1021/ja2100005 for slightly more accurate information. It's about 13:1 adsorbent:CO2 by weight. Not pretty, but not catastrophic.

      Ahh yes, there appears to be a typo in the article linked from the summary. The article from the summary says:

      each gram of the material sopped up an average of 1.72 nanomoles of CO2

      While your article (which was linked to from the other article) says:

      1.71 mmol CO2 per g or 75 mg CO2 per g of adsorbent.

      Which makes it 1000 times better than it appears to be in my post above.

    27. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by aurispector · · Score: 4, Funny

      If only they could figure out a way to make them self replicating, then set them up to turn the CO2 into something useful, I don't know, how about (and I know it's crazy) sugar? And the whole thing could be solar powered, yeah that's the ticket...

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    28. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by c0lo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "he (Olah) suggests that society could harvest atmospheric CO2 and combine it with hydrogen stripped from water to generate a methanol fuel for myriad uses."

      Here's my suggestion: operate a brewery, use the CO2 resulted from fermentation to generate methanol for a myriad of uses... and sell the beer as a by-product.

      --
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    29. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by Time_Ngler · · Score: 4, Funny

      Since oil produces CO2, why not just cut out the middle man and turn oil into plastic and dump that in a landfill?

    30. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by icebike · · Score: 5, Insightful

      blah blah blah.

      Planting trees doesn't remove the CO2, it jsut hold it temperarly.
      Half of the CO2 gathered during the day is released at night, the other half id given up when it rots.

      They said the same thing about storing Carbon in Coal. Its just temporary.

      Forests do not all give up half the CO2 gathered at night. In fact Trees sequester about 70+ pounds per tree per year. They make it into wood.
      The tree eventually dies. 50 to 200 years later.
      The wood rots 5 to 30 years later.
      But the forest keeps growing.
      New trees feed off of the old rotting trees.
      The carbon is sequestered for as long as the Forest stands.

      You can't look at one tree and shrug it off as a zero sum game.
      The living trees, the dead trees, the leaf litter on the ground, the humus of the soil hold ton upon tons of CO2.

      Weigh the forest, living dead, and 10 feet of humus. Put it all on the scale. The whole damn thing.
      Divide by 3. That's roughly the weight of the carbon sequestered by the forest. Forever, as long as you let it grow.

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    31. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Ways to sequester captured CO2 as lumber:

      * Build houses and furniture out of it
      * Use pyrolysis (partial burning without enough oxygen) to create char products (essentially make charcoal). Add it to soil. It improves the nutrient holding capacity of soil and takes a long time to decay itself when buried (~200 years). The reason it holds nutrients is charred wood has lots of tiny holes in it from the plant cells. Nutrients don't get washed away as easily. Holding more nutrients allows the next generation of trees to grow faster, or feed more people, depending what you use the land for. Pyrolysis also generates a bit of energy as a side effect.
      * Store the wood in a dry or cold location where it won't rot. There are plenty of deserts and ice caps for that. If you put it on ice, wood is a good insulator, and can reduce melting of glaciers by keeping the sun off them in the summers. That won't make a difference in the middle of Antarctica, but it can help around the margins of ice caps where melting is happening.

    32. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 4, Informative

      I used to be a tree farmer, you insensitive clod! (Really, no joke, I was). Planting trees makes plenty of money, even without carbon trading offsets. If you can get credits for CO2 removal, it is even more profitable.

      I never cut my trees down, and still made money with it, because the "standing timber" increased in size while I owned it, and therefore was worth more as an asset. You have to buy a forest which is not mature for that to work. Mine were ~20 years old when I bought them, old enough to reach peak growth. Seedlings don't build much lumber volume the first few years. After some time, the maturing trees slow down their growth and some start dying off, so at that point you can start to harvest at a steady rate, and planting replacements for the ones you harvest to maintain growth. When that happens depends on which kind of tree it is.

    33. Re:Massive farms of artificial trees... by trout007 · · Score: 2

      Why not just stop recycling paper and wood products. Just bury them.

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  2. oh noes! by alphatel · · Score: 4, Funny

    But Global Warming was going to prevent the impending ice age!

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    1. Re:oh noes! by Defenestrar · · Score: 2

      Think of the polar bears and ski resorts you insensitive clod! :)

  3. And once we have a few gigatonnes of CO2 by overshoot · · Score: 5, Funny
    We can launch it into space. OK, maybe not.

    How about we bury it at Yucca Mountain? Dissolve it in seawater?

    I HAVE IT! We separate the carbon and the oxygen, release the O2 into the atmosphere, and bury the carbon in abandoned coal mines!

    --
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    1. Re:And once we have a few gigatonnes of CO2 by plopez · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Or make diamonds from it :)

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      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    2. Re:And once we have a few gigatonnes of CO2 by mjr167 · · Score: 2

      We can capture the CO2 and feed it to trees via an elaborate contrivance. We could then chop down the trees to make pretty things.

  4. Frayed Knot by overshoot · · Score: 5, Informative

    Sorry, but that idea only flies on Fox News. Actually, human activities cause 135 times as much CO2 emissions as volcanoes do.

    --
    Lacking <sarcasm> tags, /. substitutes moderation as "Troll."
    1. Re:Frayed Knot by Surt · · Score: 2

      Who is they? I'm pretty sure everyone in the scientific community is in complete agreement that the sun is a major factor in climate. The climate without the sun would be dramatically different.

      --
      "Who is the Journal of Quantum Physics going to believe?" --Stephen Hawking
  5. How are you going to power that? by bigtrike · · Score: 2

    Extracting the carbon out of CO2 is going to require more energy than you'll ever be able to get from burning the products. You don't want to use fossil fuels to power that or else you're going to end up with a net increase in CO2 emissions.

    1. Re:How are you going to power that? by BosstonesOwn · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Nothing chemically easy to break the bond ? Kind of sucks but oh well, what do we do with it once collected ? feed it to real tree's ? At that point why not just plant real tree's ?

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    2. Re:How are you going to power that? by Inda · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Plants manage the job fine with sunlight and water.

      This is the future. Trees turned into biomass wood pellets. It's cheaper to convert coal power stations to biomass than to build new ones.

      The cycle is nearly complete.

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    3. Re:How are you going to power that? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Just FYI: An apostrophe doesn't always mean Look out! An "S" is on the way!

    4. Re:How are you going to power that? by dr2chase · · Score: 2

      From Pimentel and Pimentel, Food, Energy and Society, 3rd edition, p. 18:

      "Americans burn about 40% more fossil energy than the total solar energy captured by all the plant biomass in the United States each year."

      So yes, we could convert coal plants to biomass, but we cannot cover our current consumption with biomass, even if we use every last plant that grows in the US.

  6. We produce 29 billion tons per year of CO2 by PeterM+from+Berkeley · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And we're going to catch a significant fraction of it in plastic that we have to manufacture? Seriously?

    How about we use something self-replicating instead, which does the same thing and produces useful by-products, like, say, trees?

    --PM

  7. Dunno what you'd call me by Dyinobal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I don't think of myself as an environmentalist or anything like that. I'm all for better energy efficiency and cleaner forms of energy, but something like this strikes me as rather dumb. You have to spend energy making these things, and then energy running them, not to mention time and money all to remove a bit of CO2 out of the air. Wouldn't it make more sense to plant more trees instead, and spend the rest of your time and money on cleaner and more efficient methods of powering well everything?

    I don't deny that climate change is happening, it's always been happening and I believe that we have some impact on the way it changes, so being as responsible as we can with what we do with 'waste' like CO2 or other byproducts is always important, but things like this in the modern "green" movement just make me shake my head in disbelief.

    1. Re:Dunno what you'd call me by vlm · · Score: 3, Insightful

      But how do you patent a tree and retire a millionaire after the IPO?

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    2. Re:Dunno what you'd call me by CanHasDIY · · Score: 2

      Considering, I would call you "reasonable."

      Sadly, reasonable people don't get much credence these days... perhaps it's because we don't scream loudly enough to be heard over the reactionary imbeciles?

      --
      An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
  8. Will somebody think of the plant children by jader3rd · · Score: 4, Funny

    Great, now once we remove all of the CO2 out of the air, what will the plants breath?

  9. Artificial trees, great... by Fusselwurm · · Score: 2

    ...could we just plant regular ones? If even that is too much of a problem for most countries, we should maybe forget about expensive artificial stuff. Yes, expensive, regardless of what TFA says, because there's nothing cheaper than a real tree.

  10. Brilliant! by ErikZ · · Score: 5, Funny

    I was going to just plant some trees, but covering my property in plastic seems like a much better idea!

    --
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    1. Re:Brilliant! by WhoBeDaPlaya · · Score: 2

      There's just something kinky sounding about this...

  11. (c)2012, Thud457 by Thud457 · · Score: 2

    Maybe some aliens will come by and trade us some magic beans that grow an orbital beanstalk.
    Win-win all around.

    Unless giants are real, too.

    --

    the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

  12. Regeneration systems by domatic · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The thought of giant CO2 scrubbing plastic trees seems like hyperbole to me. Seems we could plant real trees that work about as well for that. But an obvious application jumped out at me. Undersea vehicles, labs, manned spacecraft, and any other artificially maintained environment that humans have to work in need to remove CO2 because it can be poisonous in sufficiently high concentrations even if there is enough to breathe.

    So would this material make good scrubbers for sealed environments people have to work in? If there is a way to vent the waste gases, being able to drive the CO2 off with a bit of heat and using again seems a great feature too.

    1. Re:Regeneration systems by LifesABeach · · Score: 2

      IMHO, I guess so, but an environment engineered to handle plants seems more useful. There's more to space travel, than space travel.

  13. Re:idiocy by jackbird · · Score: 2

    But the atmosphere is basically saturated with water, and its greenhouse contribution (something on the order of 20C IIRC) is part of the baseline climate with or without humans. In other words water vapor's contribution to climate change is zero, since the amount hasn't (can't have) risen or decreased meaningfully since the dawn of civilization.

  14. Simple Answer by GigG · · Score: 4, Funny

    Let's make all water and soda bottles out of it and require littering.

    --
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    1. Re:Simple Answer by riverat1 · · Score: 2

      But then the plastic would absorb the CO2 in your soda and it would go flat.

  15. Re:too late, give up already by LifesABeach · · Score: 3, Interesting

    My conversion to Solar, and Wind isn't about Climate Change, it's about Energy Bill, it's due the first of every month.

  16. Re:unintended consequences by geekoid · · Score: 2

    Calling him skeptical is like calling someone who doesn't believe in germs a 'skeptic'.

    There is a point where the leave being a skeptic and enter straight up denier.

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