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Kodak Files For Bankruptcy Protection

Snirt writes "Following up on a story previously discussed here, it now appears Eastman Kodak, the company that invented the hand-held camera, has filed for bankruptcy protection. The move, according to Kodak's news release, gives the company time to reorganize itself without facing its creditors, and Kodak said it would mean business as normal for customers. The company has recently moved away from cameras, focusing on making printers to stem falling profits."

44 of 190 comments (clear)

  1. Kodak's Moment by xmas2003 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Sad to see ... but they've been living off patents and selling assets the last couple of years ... so not surprising they ran outa $$$

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    1. Re:Kodak's Moment by Lev13than · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Kodak's demise is a cautionary tale for anyone who owns Apple stock. The two companies have a lot in common - at one point Kodak's products were in every house in the developed world. Kodak owned entire categories of consumer devices and were heavily used by the creative classes. Kodak had the additional advantage of being entrenched in a number of huge industries, including news, media, Hollywood and hospitals. In short, they were seen as indispensable and their earnings reflected this reality.

      Fast forward 30 years and they completely failed to re-invent themselves, which is mandatory for consumer products companies. Sony has its own issues, but at least they aren't trying to make a go of Walkmans any more. Apple is approaching a similar inflection point, and their need to innovate goes well beyond a slightly larger, slightly faster iPhone.

      --
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    2. Re:Kodak's Moment by MightyYar · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Kodak didn't die because they stopped innovating... they died because they removed themselves from the camera-making business. Then, when it became clear that people wanted digital, they had no expertise or market presence in cameras. Why would someone buy a Kodak camera when they could buy a Nikon or Canon, or even a Pentax or Vivitar... anyone who had been making cameras already.

      Apple is at the complete opposite side of things - they are a hardware company first and foremost. If the smart phone market goes away, along with the tablet and PC markets, then yeah Apple is screwed. If they fail to stay state-of-the-art, then yeah they are screwed. But they are not a big producer of consumables like Kodak was - Kodak is more like Gillette than Apple.

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    3. Re:Kodak's Moment by mcgrew · · Score: 2

      I don't see the connection with Apple. Kodak's demise came from the fact that even though they invented the hand hald camera, their film was what made them great, not their cameras. No professional photographer ever used a Kodak camera. You say "were heavily used by the creative classes", I say "citation needed" unless you're referring to the use of their film, which was unequaled. Kodak cameras were cheap consumer products. When film all but became obsolete all they had were patents, they lost the money making part of the business. Heck, consumer-grade cameras themselves are becoming obsolete, since nearly every phone has a megapixel camera built in.

      If Kodak works on making the best photo printers, and making them affordable, they have a chance of not dying... now, any way. Everything dies, even companies.

    4. Re:Kodak's Moment by squidflakes · · Score: 4, Informative

      Kodak invented the digital camera, so it is a bit false to claim that they had no expertise in the field. Where they went wrong was trying to protect their film business by sacrificing their early lead on development and licensing out the technology.

      If a longer vision had prevailed at Kodak, people with Nikon and Canon cameras might be wistfully longing that they could afford one of the big boy Kodak cameras.

    5. Re:Kodak's Moment by flanders123 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      How is this +5? Over the past decades Apple has:

      -(Re)invented the home computer market
      -(Re)invented the digital music market
      -(Re)invented the mobile phone market
      -(Re)Invented the mobile app market
      -(Re)invented the tablet market

      Like them or not, equating Apple to a non-innovating dinosaur like Kodak is about the worst analogy I have seen on /, ... and that is saying something.

    6. Re:Kodak's Moment by iteyoidar · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Kodak invented the digital camera, so it is a bit false to claim that they had no expertise in the field. Where they went wrong was trying to protect their film business by sacrificing their early lead on development and licensing out the technology.

      If a longer vision had prevailed at Kodak, people with Nikon and Canon cameras might be wistfully longing that they could afford one of the big boy Kodak cameras.

      This quote was the most important part of the article to me, it should have been in the summary:

      "Former Kodak vice president Don Strickland insists the firm's late entry into the digital market is a key factor in its recent troubles. He claims he left the company in 1993 after he failed to get backing from within the company to release a digital camera.

      'We developed the world's first consumer digital camera and Kodak could have launched it in 1992. We could not get approval to launch or sell it because of fear of the cannibalisation of film,' he told BBC News.

      Although Kodak was one of the original inventors of digital photography, it failed to keep pace with developments in the market and competitors including Fuji steadily eroded its share of the market."

      I had no idea Kodak had anything going on with digital cameras that far back, I remember the Sonys and Canons and so on and then Kodak eventually came out with some cheap crap-cameras after film was pretty much dead, what a huge business screw-up...

    7. Re:Kodak's Moment by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      Kodak invented the digital camera, so it is a bit false to claim that they had no expertise in the field.

      They had (and have!) plenty of experience making CCDs. But they gave up their consumer camera business at least a decade before digital cameras were feasible. Then, when they realized that they needed to make cameras again, they had no manufacturing infrastructure, no experience designing consumer cameras, no experience making consumer lenses.

      If a longer vision had prevailed at Kodak, people with Nikon and Canon cameras might be wistfully longing that they could afford one of the big boy Kodak cameras.

      It is certainly possible. They could have re-introduced their consumer cameras in the late 80s/early 90s when they were going gangbusters and adopted digital when it became cost effective.

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      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    8. Re:Kodak's Moment by Lev13than · · Score: 2

      In later years their killer device was film, but before that it was film + cameras. Their Brownie camera, for example, kick-starting the consumer photo revolution.

      In fact, Kodak's transition from film + camera to film only (with innovations such as Kodak Disc, APS-C demonstrating their ability to develop new markets) is a good example of successful disruptive innovation. Where they failed was the jump from film to digital.

      --
      When you have nothing left to burn you must set yourself on fire
    9. Re:Kodak's Moment by Chris+Mattern · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I had no idea Kodak had anything going on with digital cameras that far back,

      Kodak, quite literally, *invented* digital cameras. They could've released them while they still had legitimate patents on all of it. Instead, they became the poster child for the business advice, "If you don't release the better product that cannibalizes what you're selling now, someone else will."

    10. Re:Kodak's Moment by squidflakes · · Score: 4, Interesting

      That really depends on the time period. During the late part of the 19th Century, The Eastman Dry Plate company was the only game in town if you were an American photographer. Yes, the higher quality European cameras were available, but at the price point, you could get an Eastman field camera in 8X10 for a quarter of the price of one of the lower quality Zeiss Anastigmat optics.

      When Eastman Kodak brought Folmer & Schwing in to the company they started producing one of the most amazing and ubiquitous press cameras ever made, the Speed Graphic.

      So, in the early days, professionals of all stripes used Kodak made cameras. The military in both World Wars relied on Kodak produced cameras and lenses.

      You are right that Kodak made most of their money off consumables. That was their business model from the very start, but that doesn't mean they didn't produce some good, even if not quite great, cameras and optics.

      Personally, I'm going to miss my Tri-X and hope that someone revives it, a la the Impossible Project.

    11. Re:Kodak's Moment by idontgno · · Score: 2

      So the fletcher invents the gun and licenses the technology out to the nascent gunsmithing industry, because they're afraid to undercut their brisk trade in arrows. Then the bowmaker starves to death because no one buys arrows for their new guns.

      I can't think of any obvious historical precedent, but it seems like I've heard this story before. The market giant invents its own demise and refuses to make the leap. The dinosaur gets nibbled to death by the teeny tiny agile and hungry little mammals.

      There is something vaguely Buddhist about this cycle of invention and destruction.

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    12. Re:Kodak's Moment by MightyMartian · · Score: 2

      Not a perfect analogy but the Japanese in the 15th and 16th centuries were the largest manufacturer of firearms on the planet, but the Shoguns got so spooked that firearms would destabilize the Japanese form of feudalism that they banned the manufacture, and Japan was literally pushed back a few hundred years. Of course, Admiral Perry came along with his really big guns, and the Japanese quickly realized they had to catch up in a hurry (and thus began probably the most rapid modernization and industrialization project in all of history).

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    13. Re:Kodak's Moment by sootman · · Score: 2

      > 'We developed the world's first consumer digital camera and Kodak could
      > have launched it in 1992. We could not get approval to launch or sell it
      > because of fear of the cannibalisation of film,' he told BBC News.

      I doubt he originated the phrase but I heard Steve Jobs once say (in reference to the iPhone eating into iPod sales) "If you're not willing to cannibalize your own business, someone else will."

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  2. Printers were a bad idea by PlatyPaul · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I was a summer intern at KRL (Kodak Research Labs), working on digital image processing, when the whole printer thing took off, and it was painfully obvious to us that it was a terrible move. Putting Bill Lloyd (formerly head of inkjet work) in place as CTO seemed to cement things in place.

    Who prints anything at home these days, anyway? Especially photos....

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    1. Re:Printers were a bad idea by sglewis100 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Wasn't their whole printer strategy selling printers with low cost ink? So am I understanding this correctly - their camera business wasn't making money, so they entered into the printer business, but rather than sell low margin printers and high margin ink, they sell low margin printers and low margin ink?

    2. Re:Printers were a bad idea by thegarbz · · Score: 2

      Who prints anything at home these days, anyway? Especially photos....

      Ask Epson and Canon who seem to be making quite the killing selling high-end yet still overpriced photoprinters for the home and to photographers. A printer sale often means a continuous source of income as companies screw customers on the cost of ink. You'd be amazed how many people actually have reasonable photo printers at home and do their own printing.

      Sure the local Fuji shop is very cheap when you print a 6x4, but as soon as you step away from that standard size home printing starts looking better and better.

    3. Re:Printers were a bad idea by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Informative

      Who prints anything at home these days, anyway? Especially photos....

      Printing and photocopying we actually do in our house ... expense reports and other things like that being the main driver. Not daily, but often enough.

      Photos, I've been convinced for the last few years isn't cost effective to print ... you can get prints at an actual photo place for so cheap now, you couldn't buy the ink and paper for what it would cost you. I think the last time I got prints it was about 7 cents/print.

      However, the last two photo printers we had were Kodak ... and they were absolute crap. One failed and got replaced within a month or so, and its replacement died a similar way. It was cheaply made, worked poorly, and didn't last very long. We pretty much decided we'd never buy another Kodak product again.

      So, Kodak's demise may have been coming for years ... but in the end, I blame the quality of their consumer products. They were trying to compete on the bottom end, but in the end, it was just a race to the bottom.

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    4. Re:Printers were a bad idea by rtb61 · · Score: 2

      Gossip on the web had it that Kodak's demise is largely due to inflated executive salaries and nepotism in executive placement as their only real business strategy going forward or was that backward and down the drain.

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    5. Re:Printers were a bad idea by mikestew · · Score: 2

      Kodak also had an on-again-off-again affair with printers. I bought one their laser printers for our business in the mid-90s. Kodak knows imaging, right? The price was right, and it had a good spec/price ratio. All was well until the toner ran out and I found out they quit supporting it almost as soon as it was released. Oh well, should have stuck to an HP LaserJet. Note to self: nothing else from Kodak that doesn't involve film.

      Years later Kodak's making printers again. Oh, I don't think so, Kodak. Beside, as parent points out, I was already weening our house off of printing at that point anyway.

  3. You get the frost pits, we do the rest by Hognoxious · · Score: 4, Insightful

    tl;dr: don't be afraid of cannibalizing your own sales. Because if you don't, some other bugger will anyway.

    --
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    1. Re:You get the frost pits, we do the rest by ledow · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That's a good rule for business, I like it.

      Kodak died by not getting into the digital "thing" quickly enough and then doing poorly by the time they did. Same with Polaroid, really. Too stubborn to admit that their technology was coming to the end of an era and develop a replacement and instead letting their competitors (and even just random no-name companies at the time) do it for them.

      At least they'll die having done almost nothing but film photography, so it looks like they just died as the industry for that died, rather than dragging the name through the dirt for decades trying to cling on to film's replacement.

      I don't get attached to brands, but I do object to people running their businesses badly. The world's largest consumer of silver at one point - but totally failed to adapt when everyone stopped buying film. It's not a nice epitaph.

    2. Re:You get the frost pits, we do the rest by PlatyPaul · · Score: 2, Informative

      Wrong, wrongity wrong wrong.

      They tried going digital.

      They were just too late.

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    3. Re:You get the frost pits, we do the rest by cabjf · · Score: 4, Informative

      Kodak suffered under extremely poor management for at least the last two decades. The refusal to change with the times (like trying to shelve digital cameras to protect film sales) and selling off their profitable departments (like medical imaging) for short term gains have left them with almost nothing of value. I'm not sure how much of what is left is worth restructuring. At this point, creditors, shareholders, and retirees might be better off with a liquidation sale.

    4. Re:You get the frost pits, we do the rest by edoules · · Score: 3, Insightful

      He said: 'Kodak died by not getting into the digital "thing" quickly enough and then doing poorly by the time they did.' Does that make him right, rightitty right right?

    5. Re:You get the frost pits, we do the rest by PlatyPaul · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Their research arm is still doing quite well. If they want to sell, of course, local co-giants Xerox and Bausch + Lomb may be interested in snapping up those top optics and computer vision scientists....

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  4. Failure to adapt... by ToadProphet · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Funny how little concern is shown by legislators about the failure of this business due to changing technology, yet it is so determined to protect those in the music and movie industry.

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    1. Re:Failure to adapt... by L4t3r4lu5 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Legislators would pay a whole lot more attention if Kodak gave them a couple hundred grand in "campaign contributions".

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    2. Re:Failure to adapt... by Morty · · Score: 2, Insightful

      There is a big difference between "people no longer have a use for any of your products" and "people still want your products but have figured out how to avoid paying for them."

    3. Re:Failure to adapt... by BetterSense · · Score: 2

      The difference is in your imagination.

      People want to capture images. They used to do it by buying film and making physical photographs. Now they do it by capturing data. This sucks for businesses based on selling physical photographic materials, unless they adapt radically.

      People want to listen to music. They used to do it by buying physical records and tapes. Now they do it by aquiring data. This sucks for businesses based on selling physical media, unless they adapt radically.

      If you propose that the "content companies" SHOULD go out of business since their services are no longer needed in a digital world, you will hear all kinds of wailing about "without special copyright protection and allowing the content companies to shake people down for money they don't deserve, those companies would go out of business!!!111!". But in the case of Kodak, oddly nobody seems to by sympathetic to Kodak, or suggest that they should get special royalties from digital images since they everyone is "stealing" that money they "would have made" otherwise i.e. grandparent's whole point.

  5. Make products, not lawsuits by MachineShedFred · · Score: 5, Funny

    If you make products that people actually want, rather than continue gravy-training the success of the past, maybe you'll have a sustainable revenue stream.

    Sincerely,

    Darl McBride

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  6. Kodak vs Fuji by michaelmalak · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Fuji thrived while Kodak went bust. The Economist explains why.

  7. What becomes of the technology? by PuddleBoy · · Score: 3, Interesting

    For decades, Kodak was a technology company. Maybe not 'high tech' by a slashdot definition, but their film and paper production and (at one time) optics tech was world renowned. Even today, any company, anywhere in the world, would be hard-pressed to create a production line with the tight controls that Kodak insisted on. They did ongoing research in materials and chemistry for almost 100 years.

    Assuming they stay in a slide, what becomes of all that tech? Will the patents just get distributed to the highest bidders? And will the tech ever get used again?

    OK, so I'm labeling myself as a throw-back to earlier times, but it is sad to see any venture, that attained such a height, brought low and then just ... dissipated.

  8. If you actually invent stuff... by voss · · Score: 5, Insightful

    and other people use it, then you have the right to be compensated for that use.

    Were not talking about patent trolling, Kodak invented technologies, uses those technologies in its own products, and licenses those techs to other companies.
    Whats wrong with that. Apple wants to use its patents to block competition while Kodak wants people (including Apple) to pay when they use its technology. Kodak historically has treated its customers and its employees very well(with pensions including retiree health insurance).

    1. Re:If you actually invent stuff... by c0lo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      and other people use it, then you have the right to be compensated for that use.

      Even better: if you stop inventing and people stop using your products, you still have a right to fill for bankruptcy protection.

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    2. Re:If you actually invent stuff... by morgauxo · · Score: 2

      Absolutely nothing is wrong with that.

      But... if that's all they do then all their factories (and many jobs) become dead weight. The large corporation becomes just a small R&D shop.

      And are any of their patents new anyway? Nobody should get a profit on a patent forever! The same laws of physics that make you and I possible makes their 'invention' possible. And if they didn't discover something somebody else would have eventually. Nobody should really own that but you do get a 'guaranteed' profit for a time to make discovering it worth your while. Also, new inventions build on old ones. If patents last too long then progress becomes impossible because everything new has too many patents attached to it to be practical.

      To continue to exist Kodak should be expected to do something new.

    3. Re:If you actually invent stuff... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      There is no union at Kodak. They have historically treated their employees well enough that there was not a need for one.

  9. Classic Case of Self-Inflicted Wounding by ios+and+web+coder · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I work in the digital imaging industry, and have long interacted with Kodak engineers and digital imaging people.

    Many years ago, at a FlashPix conference (anyone remember that chestnut?), I remember talking to a digital imaging manager, who told me that his efforts to promote digital imaging were being deliberately sabotaged by higher-ups, who had thrown their lot in with film, and were seeing none of "this new-fangled digital imaging" stuff.

    At that point, I knew that Kodak was screwed.

    This is really sad. Kodak should have ruled the industry.

    It is an object lesson in that phrase Stuart Brand coined: "Once a new technology rolls over you, you are either part of the road, or part of the steamroller."

    --

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  10. Not as Bad As It Looks by NicknamesAreStupid · · Score: 2, Informative

    The post is misleading; there is no Eastman Kodak. Kodak filed for bankruptcy. Eastman is doing fine - http://www.eastman.com./ They split in 1990.

  11. Karma is B*tch by TheBouncer2006 · · Score: 5, Informative

    Once George Eastman died Kodak began its death knell...

    Kodak for many years was not profitable the big trend in the 1990's was to Layoff and fire a bunch of fulltime workers in the 3rd and 4th quaters right around July & August (just in time to save on paying out vacation pay) and then again around November to December up to 1 week before Christmas. I know this because I watched peoples parents who worked 15, 20, 25, and 30 years at the company get pink slips for no reason. Then right after the new year 1st quater they would bring in thousands of temp workers to backfill those jobs. Meanwhile this made their stock float and made them look profitable since a company profits are determined by sales - costs . So by lessing the payroll they more or less fudged their profitability for years. Look back at all the layoff annoucements they always happened in the 3rd and 4th quaters of the year just in time to give the stock a bounce in the new year.

    Additionally Kodak workers in the Rochester are were very loyal they bought only Kodak Cameras and anything else that was Kodak. Years ago they had employee suggestion boxes where if employees made a suggestion that benefitted the company, a refinement to an assembly line, a better way to product something, a new product an employee could write in the suggestions and in turn if it helped make the company more money by cutting costs or creating new streams of revenue the employee would see a percentage bonus in their pay based on the amount of money that idea generated. I know many people whos parents and grandparents got monetary awards from this program. However by the 1990's Kodak managers would just take your ideas as theirs and the monetary award system was ended. They became greedy

    Also over the years within a few square miles of Kodak Park was a cluster of kids coming down with rare cancers, http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/02/nyregion/rochester-parents-fret-and-sue-over-cancer.html This is also a MUST READ http://www.coldtype.net/Assets/pdfs/17.Nim.May27.pdf

    in this same area people were reporting strange odors, animals becoming sick and dying, weird residue on their cars and homes, and odd fluids seeping up in their basements. One of the famous areas was Rand Street. Kodak was sued and they ended up paying out an undisclosed amount to owners of some of the Rand Street Homes. Kodak was sued multiple times for illegal dumping, fined multiple times by the EPA for being out of compliance with their factory exaust stacks. However the EPA was up and down with them while they went against them on some things they backed them on others. It wasnt until the 1990's the EPA started cracking down on them. Prior to that they turned a blind eye to what they were doing.

    However they still continued to pollute the rochester region. Eastman Chemical which was part of Kodak until spun off had experimental chemicals inside of it that no one even know what they would do if they ever escaped the drums they were being stored in and because they were deemed "experimental" they did not have the same precautions and established handling procedures as known chemicals which carry MSDS sheets etc. Toulene, Benze, TCE you name it they had it.

    The management became a complete joke you had managers managing managers, managing managers they made the same mistake that Xerox did. Too many inexperienced or burned out chiefs and not enough Indians. The 1990s caused part of this issue with the EOE b.s. many times fully qualified caucasian workers were passed up for job promotions, management positions and so forth especially males. If you were Latino, African American, or Asian or had a certain sexual preference you would get promoted to the top in no time even if you didn't knw how to do the job or have a college background or experience in it. Xerox did the same thing. They were both paranoid of dis

  12. Re:And nothing of value was lost by morgauxo · · Score: 2

    If photographers still see value in what Kodak offers then why aren't they buying their product?

  13. Re:And nothing of value was lost by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    Obviously you're not a photographer.

    I will miss Kodak for nostalgia reasons, not so much for any modern technology that we're losing. Kodachrome got phased out a few years ago, and their consumer cameras and printers, in my experience, are utterly crap.

    I haven't used film in several years.

    Now, if Nikon goes away, I will weep ... but, Kodak as it stands today? Not so much.

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  14. Re:And nothing of value was lost by Dishevel · · Score: 2, Insightful

    So. You are saying that ... "Nothing of value was lost"

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  15. Re:And nothing of value was lost by NikeHerc · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Here's something that was lost: Kodak stopped making their wonderful Tech Pan B&W film. I would still be buying this stuff and developing and printing it myself if it were available. Together with Ilford paper, Tech Pan had great tonal range and no grain.

    Adios, Kodak film products. We will miss you.

    --
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