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Did Neandertals Paint Early Cave Art?

sciencehabit writes "Dating experts working in Spain, using a technique relatively new to archaeology, have pushed dates for the earliest cave art back some 4000 years to at least 41,000 years ago, raising the possibility that the artists were Neandertals rather than modern humans. And a few researchers say that the study argues for the slow development of artistic skill over tens of thousands of years — not a swift acquisition of talent, as some had argued."

37 of 126 comments (clear)

  1. mdash by jamesh · · Score: 2, Funny

    And a few researchers say that the study argues for the slow development of artistic skill over tens of thousands of years mdash; not a swift acquisition of talent, as some had argued.

    It may now be considered proper to spell and pronounce Neandertal with a 't' not a 'th' sound, but 'mdash' is still normally written as '—'.

    1. Re:mdash by girlintraining · · Score: 4, Funny

      It may now be considered proper to spell and pronounce Neandertal with a 't' not a 'th' sound, but 'mdash' is still normally written as 'â"'.

      Us Neandertal autor is are offended by your racial oppression of our linguistic atred of the 8t letter of the alpabet.

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    2. Re:mdash by JustOK · · Score: 3, Informative

      And yet they can.

      --
      rewriting history since 2109
    3. Re:mdash by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Neandertal is a valley close to Düsseldorf, Germany. In 1901, an orthographic reform changed the name from Neanderthal to Neandertal ("Tal" is German for "valley"). The Neanderthal man however had been discovered long before and keeps his original name with the "th".

    4. Re:mdash by jd · · Score: 2

      Mdash may be the name of the artist.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    5. Re:mdash by jamesh · · Score: 2

      Neandertal is and has always been the correct spelling. It's nothing new. It's from the German, from the place where they were first discovered, the Neander Valley, or Neander "Tal" ('Tal' means valley in German). However, in German it is common and appropriate to combine words to form compound nouns, as Fahrrad, (from 'fahrt', a trip, and 'rad', wheel) or Schadenfreude (from 'Schade', sadness, and 'Freude', joy). Hence, the words are combined to form the place-name of Neandertal. The spelling with the 'h' is anglicized, technically Neandertal is correct, inasmuch as it is the original name, from the original language.

      Why not educate yourself before correcting other people's spelling, smart-ass...

      Ouch. Fortunately my education is on my side on this one. The Germans can spell and pronounce the name of their valley however they want, but the scientific name of the Neanderthals is "Homo Neanderthalensis", and when using the name outside of the scientific community either way is acceptable, although the hard 't' sound and spelling has only entered popular usage relatively recently. You can look it up on wikipedia if you want - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal. If it makes you feel better you can go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal, then click the link to take you to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal.

    6. Re:mdash by zephvark · · Score: 5, Informative

      It may be appropriate to note that Germans typically don't pronounce "th" as Americans do. It's like "we" versus "whee", the "h" part is an aspiration mark. A common spelling error, for English-speaking Germans, is to put a "th" in where a "t" sound belongs. Neanderthal has always been pronounced Neandertal, they just changed the spelling.

    7. Re:mdash by blutfink · · Score: 2

      Schadenfreude (from 'Schade', sadness, and 'Freude', joy).

      Not accurate. "Schaden" just means "harm" or "damage". And in this context, a better translation for "Freude" would be "pleasure".

      Neandertal is and has always been the correct spelling. [...] The spelling with the 'h' is anglicized, technically Neandertal is correct, inasmuch as it is the original name, from the original language.

      Not correct. It used to be 'Neanderthal' in German before the spelling reform of 1901. This spelling has been kept in some places, e.g. for the local train station. The English speaking world has just kept the old spelling, which is consistent with the scientific name.

    8. Re:mdash by JustOK · · Score: 3, Informative

      And yet, you're wrong.

      --
      rewriting history since 2109
    9. Re:mdash by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      It's a nice echo of "And yet it moves" attributed to Galileo, albeit fictitiously.

      Nothing wrong an "And" at the start of a sentence, or even a whole work, e.g. Blake's Jerusalem ("And did those feet ...")

      P.S. Captcha: writable

    10. Re:mdash by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

      "The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse whore. We don't just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary."

      --James D. Nicoll

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    11. Re:mdash by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 2

      And now I get the feeling that linguistic prescriptivists are even more wrong than biblical literalists and climate denialists put together.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    12. Re:mdash by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 4, Informative

      Ehem, sorry, as a native German speaker I feel the need to add that the h in "th" is not an aspiration marker. Phonetically, there is no difference between"t" and "th" in German. It's just a relic of orthography. Both are pronounced as unvoiced alveolar plosive /t/.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
  2. Of course ... by mister2au · · Score: 3, Funny

    There have been vandals as long as there have been things to vandalise ...

    Neanderthals lived in social groups so there were Neanderthal kids being dragged around by Neanderthal parents and this was before the internet and even before TV ... you work it out - bored kids + pristine cave walls !

    1. Re:Of course ... by ChunderDownunder · · Score: 5, Informative

      Vandals didn't enter Spain until 409 AD.

      This article is about art dated to roughly forty millennia before they arrived.

  3. Over hyped by micheas · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The artwork dates to when neanderthals were in Europe, but not before the earliest evidence of homo sapiens in Europe.

    It seems unlikely that the art was done by neanderthals, and if it was it was probably done by neanderthals imitating homo sapiens. (there is a reason that "to ape' means to copy.

    I make this assumption based on the fact that cave art seems to show up with other evince of homo sapiens, but there have been no finds of cave art that are dated earlier than any evidence of humans.

    Also, the theory of complexity of art is obviously pulled out of said scientists arses . Scientists that claim that an drawing of a circle as art predates recognizable drawings of the physical world are obviously more recent need to take a look at the verifiable date of the Mona Lisa, and any single geometric shape at a MOMA and explain why their hypothosis that directly contradicts verifiable data about artwork should be viewed as anything other than B.S.

    1. Re:Over hyped by arth1 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The artwork dates to when neanderthals were in Europe, but not before the earliest evidence of homo sapiens in Europe.

      It seems unlikely that the art was done by neanderthals, and if it was it was probably done by neanderthals imitating homo sapiens. (there is a reason that "to ape' means to copy.

      I make this assumption based on the fact that cave art seems to show up with other evince of homo sapiens, but there have been no finds of cave art that are dated earlier than any evidence of humans.

      You come across as very prejudiced and biased - and also wrong.
      TFA states that this happened at least 41,000 years ago, and the oldest human (Homo Sapiens Sapiens) remains found in Europe is no more than 36,000 years old.

      Another issue is that you can't apply a dualistic "either/or" - humans of European heritage have from 1-4% Neanderthal DNA. While this isn't a significant portion, it does show that interbreeding was possible and happened, and there must have been fertile individuals who were 50% of each.
      But based solely on the age, the evidence points more towards Neanderthals than modern man.

    2. Re:Over hyped by lanswitch · · Score: 4, Informative

      The oldest evidence of modern humans in Europe is over 43.000, not 36.000 years old. There is no evidence that the Neandertal was responsible for the Aurigniac, but a lot of evidence that connects the Aurigniac with modern humans.

      http://dienekes.blogspot.nl/2012/05/43000-year-old-aurignacian-in-swabian.html

    3. Re:Over hyped by l00sr · · Score: 2

      If Neanderthals and humans could mate and have fertile offspring, then why aren't they considered the same species?

    4. Re:Over hyped by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Informative

      If Neanderthals and humans could mate and have fertile offspring, then why aren't they considered the same species?

      Because 'species' is a loaded word.

      The species problem

      tl;dr - Complicated natural phenomena are hard to reduce to a single word.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    5. Re:Over hyped by the+phantom · · Score: 3

      By many, they are considered the same species. That is why you will see some people refer to modern humans as Homo sapiens sapiens, and Neanderthals as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.

    6. Re:Over hyped by arth1 · · Score: 2

      What evidence? What I see in that article is speculation and begging the question by presuming that a set of infant teeth is from h. s. sapiens and then using that as evidence for h. s. sapiens were present at that time.

      Wikipedia has this (I know better than to take Wikipedia as gospel, but they have some references too):

      "There is no longer certainty regarding the identity of the humans who produced the Aurignacian culture, even though the presumed westward spread of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) across Europe is still based on the controversial first dates of the Aurignacian. Currently, the oldest European anatomically modern Homo sapiens is represented by a robust modern-human mandible discovered at PeÅYtera cu Oase (southwest Romania), dated to 34,000â"36,000 years ago. Human skeletal remains from the German site of Vogelherd, so far regarded as the best association between anatomically modern Homo sapiens and Aurignacian culture, were revealed to represent intrusive Neolithic burials into the Aurignacian levels and subsequently all the key Vogelherd fossils are now dated to 3,900â"5,000 years ago instead."

      All in all I don't think we have enough information to draw any bastant conclusions. And that we should be very careful not to - consciously or not - fall into chauvinism and a bias towards paining homo sapiens sapiens in a better light because it's us and not them.
      Wait for more data before drawing conclusions that may in part be collective narcissism.

  4. Well, if neanderthals DID paint those cave walls.. by SlithyMagister · · Score: 3, Funny

    Then get them back there RIGHT NOW and make them clean it up.

  5. Re:Answer: by arth1 · · Score: 2

    No, but they did form the Tea Party ;-)

    Why do you malign Neanderthals thus?
    I think the evidence points to them having very high political ideals - for one thing, they did not have lawyers.

  6. Re:Probably not by Alan+R+Light · · Score: 2

    Um, it looks like they may have started making cave paintings about 5000 years before modern humans moved into the area.

    I know that at a distance 5000 years may not seem like much, but in fact a lot can happen in 5000 years.

  7. Re:Probably not by Hognoxious · · Score: 4, Funny

    Maybe the Neanderthals couldn't verbalize their ideas very well so they learned to draw them?

    Ug sees bear advancing towards Og.
    Ug pulls out a piece of ochre and starts scribbling frantically.
    Og looks puzzled.
    Bear eats Og.
    Ug sighs and walks away.

    Now we know why they're extinct.

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  8. Re:We’re not alone by Osgeld · · Score: 4, Insightful

    theres a bit of difference tween a chimp ploping paint strokes in a semi random fashion to make modern "art" and the cave paintings clearly depicting characters doing specific actions. When Congo starts drawing his family actively hunting a beast and roasting it over a fire then I will concede your argument.

  9. Re:Probably not by jd · · Score: 4, Interesting

    There is also very little in common between the earliest cave art attributed to Homo Sapiens and any of the cave art attributed to Neanderthals - very different styles, very different formats, very different in nature all round.

    The paintings in France also include proto-writing next to the paintings, but no such symbols exist here.

    Most important of all, the paintings attributed to Neanderthals include fish that Neanderthals ate at the time and Homo Sapiens did not.

    So if Neanderthals are present and Homo Sapiens are not, we've opportunity taken care of.
    Neanderthals had been mucking around with ochre at the time, Homo Sapiens didn't utilize it for a long time after, so that's means.
    The pictures show Neanderthal food not Homo Sapien food, which gives motive.
    No proto-writing and no utilization of the 3D nature of the rock surface means no continuity with the French cave paintings, so Homo Sapiens are sans continuity.

    I'd say that nails it.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  10. Dating experts, eh? by CaptainOfSpray · · Score: 2

    Can they fix us up with some cute Neandert(h)al girls? If not, they ain't no experts.

    --
    "Cock Up Your Beaver" does not mean what you think. This sig is intended to clog filters and annoy do-gooders
  11. Irrelevant by toriver · · Score: 4, Funny

    The cave paintings are long out of copyright, and as we all know, only works under copyright hold any value.

    Yours,
    The entertainment industry organizations.

    1. Re:Irrelevant by chichilalescu · · Score: 3, Funny

      obviously, we need to make copyright longer, to keep people from making changes to our heritage!

      --
      new sig
    2. Re:Irrelevant by Sponge+Bath · · Score: 3, Funny

      The Bono Extension of Neanderthal copyright Terms (BENT) would increase copyright to 50 millennia to foster the creativity of extinct species.

  12. Re:No! by Runaway1956 · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Dating experts working in Spain"

    I haven't figured out what dating experts know about neanderthals. Yeah, sure, some early "modern humans" may have dated some neanderthals. In fact, there have been a few reports that we all have neanderthal genes in our makeup. But, today's dating experts? What do they know about neanderthals? Maybe - just maybe - those dating experts know something about Spaniards, but forget the neanderthals.

    --
    "Windows is like the faint smell of piss in a subway: it's there, and there's nothing you can do about it." - Charlie Br
  13. Wouldn't be the first examples of art by Grayhand · · Score: 2

    Neanderthals were known for shaping stone artwork, the neanderthal Venus are quite well known, so there's no reason to think they lacked the ability to paint. Developmentally Neanderthals were very close to modern humans. There is debate about some problem solving and complex tool making but in many ways they were hard to separate from humans. They even developed music and the flute.

  14. Another fun fact: Women were the artists by quixote9 · · Score: 2

    The morphometrics of the hand prints shows those first artists were women, Neandertal (or -thal), but not Vandal (or -dhal).

  15. Re:Also, that isn't artwork by jd · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The handprints, perhaps, but the pictures of fish were somewhat more stylized and were definitely not stencil-based. I'd consider those abstractions and therefore art at its most simplistic. Much more crucially, though, it's stuff with a totally different intent.

    If you're saying the Neanderthal pictures were extremely simplistic and lacked any obvious "thought"* - they were depictions at a very mechanical level - then I'd totally agree. If you're saying the French pictures showed enormous thought and mindfulness - even in the kiddy training area (there was a section set aside to train kids on painting) - then again I'd totally agree. There was an incredible level of sentience involved.

    If we go apples-to-apples, there were sections of the French caves that had hand paintings. But they showed awareness and no small amount of ingenuity. Several would have required platforms to be set up, for example. Not easy in such a confined space.

    And, yes, if IQ is generalized as the ration of what a person can think/know vs what you'd expect of them, we can get a feel for their IQ. I'd consider proto-flipbook animation, haziness to depict motion, and relief to convey stereoscopic images to be well above the 48% above the average person of the time, and an IQ of 148 is all MENSA requires. So if you want to call the French painters geniuses I'd have to agree.

    *Given that Neanderthals diverged from homo sapiens so far back, it is possible that their thought processes are too alien for modern humans to comprehend, that we're looking for the wrong signals, the wrong visual cues. It is possible. Unlikely, though, but possible. Doesn't really alter the conclusion, though, which is that it wasn't a Homo Sapien mindset. Whatever it was or wasn't, it wasn't that. This raises an intriguing side-question, though - how WOULD we recognize art from an alien mind?

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)