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Scientists Who Failed to Warn of Quake Found Guilty of Manslaughter

An anonymous reader notes that the BBC reports "Six Italian scientists and an ex-government official have been sentenced to six years in prison over the 2009 deadly earthquake in L'Aquila. A regional court found them guilty of multiple manslaughter. Prosecutors said the defendants gave a falsely reassuring statement before the quake, while the defence maintained there was no way to predict major quakes. The 6.3 magnitude quake devastated the city and killed 309 people." The scientists were first charged more than two years ago.

46 of 459 comments (clear)

  1. Misleading summary by AmiMoJo · · Score: 5, Informative

    They were found guilty not primarily for failing to predict the earthquake, but for releasing a statement saying there was probably not going to be one. They are accused of giving people a false sense of security resulting in them not taking necessary precautions.

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    1. Re:Misleading summary by Quakeulf · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Well, if you live in an area which is (historically) earthquake prone, then saying it is not going to happen is not going to make much sense, especially if you are an authority on the subject. It always pays to be cautious on these things. Look at Japan. They have been telling stories about "the big one" for many years and it finally happened last year.

    2. Re:Misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This still causes chilling effects.

      Now scientists studying earthquakes will become like the various environuts who say the world is going to end at midnight, every night, because of X, Y, and Z. If they don't, they could end up in jail.

      Considering how few listen to the environuts, we are in for a world of hurt if this decision permeates all science.

    3. Re:Misleading summary by MyLongNickName · · Score: 5, Informative

      I wondered if there was more to the story than the summary indicates. I find it hard to believe a country like Italy would convict based on not having the ability to predict an earthquake.

      I did some reading, and the charges have more to do with creating a perception that the earthquake risk was remote and being negligent in their duty to keep the people educated about earthquake preparation and vigilance.

      Whether you agree that the scientist were negligent or not, the article title and summary are misleading and flamebait.

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    4. Re:Misleading summary by MightyMartian · · Score: 5, Interesting

      And if no earthquake had happened, they would have inevitably been accused of causin a panic. The lesson here is don't be a geologist in Italy.

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    5. Re:Misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      From Ars Technica: In the week before the earthquake struck, the group told the public that the high incidence of smaller earthquakes were not necessarily precursors of a larger quake. They did, however, also mention that earthquakes were unpredictable, and that building codes in the area needed to be adjusted to provide better seismic safety.

      That may be what they were found guilty of, but it doesn't sound like it's what they did.

    6. Re:Misleading summary by barc0001 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      So you're saying that there are seismologists who CAN predict a likely earthquake a week ahead of time? Interesting. Could you perhaps, provide any evidence these people exist? And tell us why they're not being used to predict earthquakes all over the world in hotspots to save lives?

    7. Re:Misleading summary by Thruen · · Score: 4, Informative

      Going by the stories from back when the quake happened, the summary is more accurate than you think. What they said was that a series of tremors didn't mean there's an earthquake coming, not that there isn't going to be an earthquake. It may not sound like the biggest difference, but it really is. If earthquakes were easy to predict, I'd hesitate to defend them, but they aren't. The people who've decided they should've known are people who are not the least bit qualified to make that call, which is why geologists were hired in the first place.

    8. Re:Misleading summary by vlm · · Score: 5, Interesting

      And if no earthquake had happened, they would have inevitably been accused of causin a panic. The lesson here is don't be a geologist in Italy.

      Golly, guess what happened WRT THIS VERY SAME EARTHQUAKE?

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_L'Aquila_earthquake#Prior_warning_controversy

      Basically A predicted a quake would strike based on multiple measurements, and got a judicial gag order and police breathing down his neck. Its bad for tourism, you know?
      B was used as a weapon against A
      Quake happens.
      A writes papers, makes presentations, gets his gag order lifted, turns out he was correct after all. Whoops.
      B gets a sound spanking today.

      The real crooks are the cops and civil defense people, not the peons they used as weapons against the guy who correctly predicted the quakes. But they're above the law, so the peons get jail time instead.

      In the end, too many people died, therefore either these guys were going to jail or Giuliani was going to jail. All things considered, they probably made the least wrong choice by sending these guys to jail.

      As that radio dude used to say "... and now you know the rest of the story"

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    9. Re:Misleading summary by tomhath · · Score: 5, Informative

      You are close to what actually happened. An amateur geologist decided for reasons of his own that an earthquake was imminent and had been spreading panic for several months before the quake. These geologists tried to calm people's fears by stating (correctly) that there was no scientific evidence that an earthquake was about to strike.

      I assume there have been many such predictions over the years and authorities have responded by assuring people that there was no reason to panic. As luck would have it, this time there was an earthquake that killed many people (actually not all that uncommon where it happened, so it wasn't pure luck that the guy predicted it). So now whenever anyone cries "wolf" in Italy everyone needs to take it seriously.

    10. Re:Misleading summary by vlm · · Score: 4, Funny

      We should start somewhere a little more predictable, like economists.

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    11. Re:Misleading summary by saveferrousoxide · · Score: 5, Informative

      that radio dude

      Paul Harvey

    12. Re:Misleading summary by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 4, Insightful

      They have been telling stories about "the big one" for many years and it finally happened last year.

      Anecdotal evidence, confirmation bias...what other problems can you find in that sentence?

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    13. Re:Misleading summary by Hatta · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I find it hard to believe a country like Italy would convict based on not having the ability to predict an earthquake.

      Really? You find it hard to believe that politicians would abuse the justice system for political points in Italy? In Italy? Really? That's hard to believe?

      I did some reading, and the charges have more to do with creating a perception that the earthquake risk was remote and being negligent in their duty to keep the people educated about earthquake preparation and vigilance.

      If the earthquake risk was in fact remote, then how does this amount to anything other than convicting them for not predicting the quake? Just because it happened doesn't mean it was likely to happen. Long shots do occur.

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    14. Re:Misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      No you cannot prove a negative assertion. The burden of proof is on the original earthquake prediction. No scientific evidence came forward at the time, so the professional scientists announced their dismissal of the prediction.

      The failure here is the lack of basic science education in the basic population and in the legal system's utter ignorance. Justice is not only blind, but it's spastic as well.

    15. Re:Misleading summary by SlippyToad · · Score: 4, Insightful

      So it will have a chilling effect on liars, causing them to tell the truth instead. How is that a bad thing?

      You're so fucking ignorant you don't know how this is a bad thing.

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    16. Re:Misleading summary by SlippyToad · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I did some reading, and the charges have more to do with creating a perception that the earthquake risk was remote and being negligent in their duty to keep the people educated

      Oh, MY GOD. That isn't even a charge, or a crime.

      Here's what the folks in L'Aquila have just earned: a rapid defection of scientists on the public payroll because they are now afraid to say, or not say, anything. Because an event that can't actually be predicted under any interpretation happened when they didn't expect it.

      These IDIOTS have done a serious amount of damage to people who were trying to help them. FUCK EM ALL, seriously. Fucking MORONS.

      --
      One day I feel I'm ahead of the wheel / the next it's rolling over me / I can get back on / I can get back on
    17. Re:Misleading summary by ravenshrike · · Score: 4, Informative

      Exactly, this is the same country where the prosecutors in the Knox trial had her motives ranging from satanic orgy, to sex games gone wrong, to drug money homicide, to jealousy, to Knox just being a sociopath, and reefer madness. Basically, NEVER get arrested in Italy.

    18. Re:Misleading summary by LoyalOpposition · · Score: 5, Funny

      No you cannot prove a negative assertion.

      Why should I believe that you cannot prove a negative assertion?

      ~Loyal

      --
      I aim to misbehave.
    19. Re:Misleading summary by obarel · · Score: 4, Funny

      You mean that we cannot guarantee that the product does not contain nuts, even though the factory only makes sewing machines.

    20. Re:Misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Whoa whoa whoa, are you actually insinuating that the Italian goverment is corrupt? How dare you sir

    21. Re:Misleading summary by ackthpt · · Score: 5, Funny

      Whoa whoa whoa, are you actually insinuating that the Italian goverment is corrupt? How dare you sir

      For a nominal fee to a certain benevolent society, the insinuation could be overlooked.

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    22. Re:Misleading summary by Omnifarious · · Score: 4, Funny

      The lesson is to not ever go to italy at all, ever, no matter who you are. They have a judicial system that produces results that are clearly insane.

    23. Re:Misleading summary by Jiro · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That's not the whole story either. If you read your own link carefully, it points out that Giuliani predicted the quakes using a method that has never been proven scientifically and has had no peer reviewed papers published. In other words, he's a crackpot who just happened to get lucky; there was no actual reason to believe that there would be a risk of earthquakes greater than normal. The scientists who said that this guy is wrong were basically correct; they just got unlucky.

      To use a car analogy, a guy is sitting at an intersection reading tea leaves. At one point his tea leaves tell him that if you go through the intersection you'll crash. The scientists say that this is nonsense and that you shouldn't worry about crashing. You go through the intersection and you crash into a car going 100 mph through a red light. that neither you, the scientists, nor the tea leaf reader could have seen or predicted. You die.

      And then the scientists are put in jail for manslaughter for telling you to ignore the tea leaf reader.

      At worst, the scientists didn't properly communicate "the chance of crashing/earthquakes isn't greater than normal" as opposed to "the chance is zero", and given how the media and politicians ignore such nuances, the scientists shouldn't be held responsible for that.

    24. Re:Misleading summary by gnick · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If I, as an engineer, certify that a plant is safe when it may be not, I can be jailed.

      Not the same thing. This is more like having an engineer inspect an old building that has parts collapse from time to time, asking him if it's safe, and having him tell you "Well, it's no less safe than usual..."

      --
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    25. Re:Misleading summary by Opyros · · Score: 4, Insightful

      they have a judicial system that produces results that are clearly insane.

      Well – Italy is hardly the only country where that is so.

    26. Re:Misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      They have a judicial system that produces results that are clearly insane.

      But they also make insanely great coffee, and have really nice shoes. It's not as simple as you make it out to be. You might end up in jail, but have you seen those uniforms? Fabulous.

    27. Re:Misleading summary by tompaulco · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Now scientists studying earthquakes will become like the various environuts who say the world is going to end at midnight, every night
      No, we just wont have scientists studying earthquakes anymore because they don't want the liability. This is something we call "shooting the messenger".

      --
      If you are not allowed to question your government then the government has answered your question.
    28. Re:Misleading summary by Nyder · · Score: 4, Informative

      The lesson is to not ever go to italy at all, ever, no matter who you are. They have a judicial system that produces results that are clearly insane.

      Yes, Amanda Knox learned that lesson.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Knox

      --
      Be seeing you...
    29. Re:Misleading summary by RatherBeAnonymous · · Score: 4, Informative

      They should have just told the truth: That they didn't have enough data to predict anything.

      That is exactly what they did say, but the politicians didn't understand them.

      http://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it/GdM_english_NOTIZIA_01.php?IDNotizia=340440&IDCategoria=2694

      "There is no reason to suggest that the sequence of low-magnitude tremors are a precursor to a major event," said the committee's deputy chair Franco Barberi, according to minutes of the meeting published by prosecutors.
      INGV President Enzo Boschi said "just because a small series of quakes has been observed" does not point to a large quake, which he described as "improbable, although not impossible".

      It was a politician who proclaimed that there was no danger.

      http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57537303/italian-scientists-get-6-years-for-laquila-earthquake-statements/

      In a post-meeting press conference, however, Department of Civil Protection official Bernardo De Bernardinis, also a defendant, told citizens there was "no danger."

      The failure here was one of communication and conclusions. Politicians want answers and will not tolerate "we don't know". The problem is, science is really short on answers and long on probability. That is doubly so with a science like seismology. Scientists like to be precise about all of the shades of nuance. So when the politicians ask, "will there be an earthquake" and the seismologists say "probably no", all the politicians hear is "no".

    30. Re:Misleading summary by MasaMuneCyrus · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Basically A predicted a quake would strike based on multiple measurements...

      A's prediction was pseudo-science. A's prediction was based on observations of radon gas emissions. He was an amateur seismologist, i.e., his science credentials are of the same integrity as that of ghost hunters or doctors who practice homeopathy. His crock "prediction" was bad for tourism, and though I believe that he should have the freedom to say whatever he believes, his statement was pseudo-science bollocks.

      And for the record, the scientists who were charged for manslaughter were charged for a very specific statement. There had been many tremors leading up to the mainshock. The Civil Protection department stated, "minor shocks did not raise the risk of a major one. ...The scientific community tells me there is no danger because there is an ongoing discharge of energy."

      The first sentence is not technically correct: "...minor shocks did not raise the risk of a major one." The simple answer is seismologists don't know when, if, or where a mainshock will occur. We can only guess. And the notion of anomalies in the background seismicity--anomalously low or high--has been tried for over a century. It doesn't work. Hindsight is 20/20, and some large events are preceeded by either more or less minor earthquakes, but we simply do not know of a reliable way to predict major earthquakes based on minor earthquakes. Some major earthquakes happen with no precursors. Some happen after minor earthquake swarms. Some happen after a period of low seismicity--i.e., the fault is "stuck" and building pressure. In other words, we cannot rule out that the increase in minor earthquakes is a precursor to a larger event, but we also cannot say with any certainty that it does foreshadow a major event. We can say very little based on earthquake swarms, and we certainly don't have time to study them in the six months that they occurred before the mainshock.

      The second sentence is not correct: "The scientific community tells me there is no danger because there is an ongoing discharge of energy." Of course, the occurrence of an earthquake means that stress fault was released as energy. However, we cannot conclusively say anything about whether or not that expenditure of energy increases or decreases danger. Those minor quakes could load some section of a fault, they could indicate that a fault that was previously "stuck" is now moving, they could indicate that a dormant fault has been reactivated... they could indicate any number of things. If we are talking purely in terms of energy, though--which is what I assume that the Italian Civil Protection department was saying when he was talking about a discharge of energy--his statement is pretty silly. The moment magnitude scale is logarithmic. Every one step in magnitude is approximately 32 times the energy. Two steps is exactly 1000 times the energy. The earthquake that struck Italy was a magnitude 6.3. It would take 1000 magnitude 4.3 earthquakes to expend the energy of the magnitude 6.3. Of course, one could make the argument that the fault was right on the point of slip and just a little bit of stress release could relax it enough to not slip, but there is simply no evidence that I am aware of, anywhere, that minor earthquakes and reduce the load on a fault enough to prevent a major earthquake. In fact, Japanese scientists in the past looked into manufacturing small earthquakes by drilling holes into faults and lubricating them in the hope to release the built-up stress as many minor quakes instead of one larger one. They abandoned that idea.

  2. Next up: Meteorologists, Astrologers, by Lieutenant_Dan · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Palm readers, Farmer's Almanac, anyone who publishes a book about Nostradamus, etc ...

    This is beyond ridiculous. It's just stupid.

    --
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  3. Bad Precedent by meerling · · Score: 4, Informative

    If falsely re-assuring people that a disaster won't happen is actionable, then a lot of politicians and government employees are in big trouble.
    On top of that, did they establish that the scientists did not believe their own statements?
    Now, at least in Italy, you can expect any expert of any hard (or impossible) to predict field to start spouting worst case scenarios for every question just to avoid liability.

    Real dumb move Italy. Just because you wanted a scapegoat, you've screwed yourself over for real issues.

    1. Re:Bad Precedent by jasper160 · · Score: 5, Funny

      All the doctors in Italy will have to tell their patients they are going to die and then all the priests will tell them they are going to hell to avoid prosecution.

      --
      No good deed goes unpunished.
  4. Same difference by pavon · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The government asked for their assessment, and they gave the best prediction they could given the data they had. Nearly every other seismologist in the world would have given the same assessment. They are being sentenced to prison because they did not predict the quake, pure and simple. The lesson here is that if the Italian government ever asks your assessment on anything, the only valid response is "fuck off and die".

    1. Re:Same difference by pavon · · Score: 4, Informative

      That is pretty much what they did say. Their conclusion was that the recent small earthquakes did not make it more likely that a larger earthquake was about to happen, however, this is an earthquake prone area, one could happen an any time. Furthermore, they stated that there were a lot of old unsafe buildings in the area that should be evacuated in the case of any earthquake as they do not provide any protection, and replaced as soon as practical.

  5. Editors? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative
    Is it really too hard to include the link to an actual article where this NEWS is being stated?

    Quick google result here

    See? Now you got me karmawhoring!
    *ticks 'Post Anonymously'*

  6. Accountability by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Where does it start and end?

    As a professional engineer, accountability starts the moment you have a license number in your state.

    Any opinion you give on any project makes you liable.

    The problem is that too many people are giving opinions on subjects that affect other people's lives and have zero accountability. this trial is a precursor to what may eventually become the norm.

    Picture these so-called experts on TV talking about this and that and if they are found wrong and someone was affected by it, then they can be held accountable.

    The same will be applied to lawyers and politicians and before you know it, people will be better off if we hold people with some sort of power (over other people) accountable.

    1. Re:Accountability by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 4, Informative

      The problem is that too many people are giving opinions on subjects that affect other people's lives and have zero accountability. this trial is a precursor to what may eventually become the norm.

      You seem to be conflating science with engineering. Now I have news for you: there's a reason why we have two different words for these things (and no, it's not so that poets can have a richer vocabulary for writing odes).

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
  7. A look into the future by Daetrin · · Score: 5, Funny

    How will this ruling affect earthquake predictions from this point on?

    "Scientists predicted that sometime this week a massive earthquake will cause all of Italy to break off and fall into the ocean, killing everyone. This marks the 27th week in a row that scientists have made that prediction. When asked about the failure of the previous 26 predictions to come true a lead scientist replied 'It's always possible we're in error and the earthquake might be a little smaller, and might not kill everyone, and possibly might not happen at all. But better safe than sorry. We're sticking with our prediction, so don't say we didn't warn you.'"

    --
    This Space Intentionally Left Blank
  8. Re:Moral of the Story by hde226868 · · Score: 5, Interesting
    Well, I know that this is flamebait, but still...

    I work quite a lot with scientists from Italy in my area (astrophysics). They are among the most dedicated scientists I know and are doing world leading science. They are also among the least well paid - which shows their dedication to science.

    The former Italian government (under Berlusconi) tried for years to marginalize science and research in Italy and this is yet another blow to the scientific system in Italy. The result will be disastrous and lead to an even larger brain drain of highly qualified people from Italy than what Italy has already experienced in the past 10-20 years. Everybody can imagine what this means for the long-term future of Italy as a place of innovation and science, which has already been damaged badly.

  9. Now put the politicians on trial by Dunbal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    For not enforcing building codes that could withstand a 6.3 quake, or for failing to make a law to prevent the collapse of the buildings in an obviously seismically active region.

    --
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  10. From now on, when asked, Geologists will say..... by kawabago · · Score: 4, Informative

    A large and devastating earthquake is imminent somewhere on earth 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

  11. Italians did not use current methodology by peter303 · · Score: 5, Informative

    I heard the Italian Court consultant Thomas Jordan head of the Southern Calfornia Earthquake Center talk on this topic. Look at slides 15 & 16 about the difference between prediction and forecasting. The current methodology is to give a probabalistic forecast, like in weather, and not a yes/no prediction. The Italian scientists did not follow current methodology and gave a less useful prediction. The court convicted these scientists of negligence for not being current enough and might have cost some lives. Nearly the entire seismologic community including Dr. Jordan thinks the court decision was wrong.

  12. The lesson for peons by SmallFurryCreature · · Score: 4, Insightful

    When you lie for your bosses, save the evidence to make sure they fall with you, because bosses have no loyalty and they LOVE to send you to face the music.

    The "scientists" in question seem to have massaged the figures, they weren't lying, they just weren't telling the absolute truth, someone hinted that someone would be pleased if their report said X, they said X and then Y happened and gosh, their bosses dropped them like the flunkies they were.

    Life isn't a movie, if it was, this would have been a disaster movie and the boss would have died in some horrible way just seconds after claiming that what is obviously happening isn't happening.

    But in real life, the underling takes the blame and the boss gets a promotion for finding the culprit and seeing that justice is done.
    r.

    --

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  13. Buildings Not Up To Code by jdev · · Score: 4, Informative

    The real crooks are the cops and civil defense people

    Corrupt building inspectors were most likely the biggest issue. Newly constructed buildings were not built to code and came crumbling down. Of course, it's a lot harder to go after those guys than just blaming some scientists who were making reasonable predictions based on the available data.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/08/world/europe/08codes.html