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Germany Exports More Electricity Than Ever Despite Phasing Out Nuclear Energy

An anonymous reader writes "Der Spiegel reports that Germany has exported more electricity this year than ever before, despite beginning to phase out nuclear power. In the first three quarters of 2012, Germany sent 12.3 terawatt hours of electricity across its borders. The country's rapid expansion into renewable energy is credited with the growth. However, the boost doesn't come without a price. The German government's investments into its new energy policy will end up costing hundreds of billions of dollars over the next two decades, and it still relies on imports for its natural gas needs. It also remains to be seen whether winter will bring power shortages. Is Germany a good example of forward-looking energy policy?"

25 of 473 comments (clear)

  1. Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    How are your rates?
    How hard is it to get a 3-phase drop for your new business?
    Are you really going to have a shortage this winter?
    Do the tax dollars you've put into this feel like they were decently spent?

    People with less-progressive powergirds would like to know.

    1. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      German here.

      For private households, rates in 2011 were (on average) approx. 0.25 €/kWh (= 31 US $ / kWh). 0.036 € of this (0.045 US $) goes to renewable energy sources (mostly wind and solar), which is subsidized by the electricity consumers (NOT by the goverment, as some seem to think). In total, around 45% of the price is taxes and subsidies. Remember that we use less than US households though - the average 3 person household uses approx. 3500 kWh/a.

      No idea about the 3-phase drops for new businesses... but I never heard of anyone not getting connected. New buildings _always_ get connected (by law). Germany is a pretty densly packed country, which helps a lot when doing infrastructure.

      There will not be a shortage in the winter. There are still plenty of reserve plants, and the european grid is pretty well connected. Some 5 GW less will not make it collapse.

    2. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by Ozan · · Score: 4, Informative

      Rates: on average €0.25/kWh
      3-phase drop: is standard for every premise, even a 1-bedroom apartment has it
      shortage in winter: no, Germany has been a net exporter of electricity for ages. Talks about shortages are usually corporate FUD.

      To clarify: there is no tax euro spent on the electrical infrastructure. The conversion to renewable energy is financed by payment guarantees, which in turn are financed by the consumer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Renewable_Energy_Act.

    3. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by joh · · Score: 5, Interesting

      You're way under the average for the U.S. then. In 2010, the average annual electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer was 11,496 kWh

      Wow! I just got my yearly bill yesterday, my consumption in the last 12 months was 959 kWh. (I'm in Germany, this is electricity from pure renewable sources (mostly hydroelectric), I'm paying 22 Euro a month). OK, no AC here, no electrical heating either (except for water). I've been fairly power-conscient since moving last year though, mostly LED lighting, hardly any standby power for anything and I got rid of nearly all electrically powered kitchen utilities etc.

    4. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Germany has a very high standard of living, and is a fairly cold climate. Every time someone mentions the future of energy some American always says that no matter what the only acceptable option is the only that does not involve them reducing energy consumption at all because somehow watts = quality of life.

      The US needs to get its act together on energy efficiency and catch up with the rest of the world. Maybe then people will take energy policy suggestions from the US seriously.

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    5. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      So it's like planting trees to offset your carbon footprint or buying Fair Trade food. Sure, the actual carbon atoms from the aircraft you were on are not the ones being absorbed by the tree, and sure the actual bar of chocolate you buy might not necessarily contain 100% Fair Trade ingredients. The point is your contribution rebalances the system as a whole by that amount.

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    6. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by hawguy · · Score: 5, Insightful

      what they tend to do here (least the places i've lived) instead is you pay the normal rate for juice, however its made locally. and then if you want it from a "green source" cause youre "environmentally conscious", you can pay extra for electricy that comes from a green source...cause it's somehow different from normal electricity. and there was a big scandal recently cause someone found out they were paying the premium and it couldnt be determined just how much of their juice was from the regular old power plant down the road, cause the systems arent seperate.

      Since it's all one big grid, you don't need to know where *your* electricity is generated to know that you're taking advantage of "green" energy. If people are paying for 1MWh of "green" power and some green plant somewhere is injecting 1MWh of green energy into the grid, then they are getting what they are paying for.

      It doesn't matter if most of the power to your house comes from the coal plant down the street and most of the power from the green goes to the industrial plant next door to the "green" plant. Your higher "green" rates are paying for that "green" generator to be hooked into the grid and generating power, reducing demand from non-green sources.

    7. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by polar+red · · Score: 4, Informative

      look up 'cavity wall' which has been pretty much standard in europe since the sixties; and since the eighties they where standard equiped with insulation aterial between them. I expect by 2020 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_house to be the building standard in most of europe.

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    8. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 4, Informative

      While coal plants burning trees may be a little sketchy, don't dismiss biomass combustion out of hand. Newer, purpose-built reactors are quite efficient and very clean.

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    9. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes, because nobody lived there before air conditioning was invented, or common.

      Life there would be uncomfortable without air conditioning, but it would certainly be possible.

    10. Re:Could we hear some Germans tell this story? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 4, Informative

      And the kicker is they dont change anything other than your bill. You CANT buy only "green" energy unless you go off grid and set up your own solar/wind farm.

      You obviously can't buy only green energy - by the time the current gets to you, there's no way to distinguish anyway - but you can affect the overall composition of the pool. So if you've signed up to pay more, your power distribution company will source power from more green suppliers next month - so, overall, fewer kWh gets provided by gas plants, and more by e.g. hydro, even though "yours" are not necessarily so.

      At least that's how it works in WA.

  2. Pretty Cheap compared to the War on Terror by fast+turtle · · Score: 5, Insightful

    which has exceeded 3 trillion dollars. I'd gladly trade the money spent on war for a stable power grid that doesn't go down at the drop of a leaf

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  3. Hundreds of billions? by Joce640k · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Hundreds of billions for something that you can sell and gives the country a renewable supply of energy?

    That's a bargain compared to all the wars, bailouts, pork projects, mansions for the few, etc. the rest of the world is "buying" with it's tax money.

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    1. Re:Hundreds of billions? by amorsen · · Score: 4, Insightful

      0.17% isn't much though. That is probably less than the area of Germany taken up by maize grown for biogas, and that certainly doesn't provide 16GW average.

      Also note that the array will actually be more than 100GW peak, and peak will be during daytime when the heavy industry is running.

      It is also slightly unfair that you expect 16GW yearly average. 16GW of nuclear power does not provide 16GW average, because the demand just isn't there at night or during weekends and downtime for inspections can be lengthy.

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  4. Throwing Electricity away is the right expression by tp1024 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What are those exports? It's the solar power and wind power that can't be used for lack of domestic power transmission and simple lack of demand in the areas where it is generated. This power must be exported, because it cannot be consumed. Despite all that, wind turbines still have be shut down at peak generation - leading to a steady decline in actual capacity factors of wind turbines. (Don't worry about you money, of course feed-in tariffs are still being paid when turbines are shut down ...)

    The most important question on those exports is hidden by the phrasing of those propaganda news: How much did germany get in return for those exports and how much did it cost to produce them? It doesn't take much in the way of imagination to conclude that it isn't much at all. Domestic power prices regularly drop to a fraction of the feed-in tariffs being paid for wind and solar power (occasionally dropping into negative territory) and exports are unlikely to offer better rates.

    The result of all that? Germans will pay an average of 0.28 Euro - or about $0.40 per kWh next year, up from 0.25 Euro this year. With a clear trend upwards, as more and more wind turbines and solar cells that produce useless electricity come online. With the recent push for off-shore wind generation that will be 50-100% more expensive than solar power (depending on the scale of the solar power plant), this will only rise. Germany will catch up with the very highest electricity prices in Europe next year (Danemark) and is set to surpass them right thereafter.

    Meanwhile, the need for transmission lines is still seen as a conspiracy of the electricity utilities by most "greens" in Germany. The need for serious storage capacity, which is already rather giant, is still not recognized.

    This is what you call a bubble - worth on the order of $350bn and rising - paid by electricity consumers through their bills. The only people who profit from it are those who have enough money to pay for solar cells or wind turbines and the more money they spend on them, the more they get. A classic transfer of money from the poor to the richest of our society - all brought to you by massive lobbying of the Green party.

  5. Those exports aren't welcome? by putaro · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Well, according to this article, the neighbors don't want that exported electricity and it's causing problems with their grids.

  6. Re:Forward Looking Policy? by should_be_linear · · Score: 5, Interesting

    it will take a loooooong road of building for them to even come close to replacing other forms of electricity generation.

    This article is about Germany where it is obvious, that road is not that long, as everyone (especially nuclear lobbyists) was saying. In 2011, 3% of German electricity was produced by solar, in 2012 it will be over 5%, which is amazing 2% per single year only on solar energy. Wind energy is about 7% and is also growing at least >= 1% per year. Add to this new (wind) mega-turbines (>= 10MW per one turbine), and you see that pretty soon Germany will turn on non-renewable sources only in still more rare situations.

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  7. If you think renewables are expensive... by TrumpetPower! · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...just wait until you see how much those non-renewable alternatives like tar sands and coal-to-gas will cost you. And that's before you figure in the cost to clean up the mess they make.

    Remember: deepwater horizon had a wellhead as far beneath the waves as Denver is above them, and the oil itself was farther below the seafloor than the peak of Everest is above sea level. Loooooooong gone are the days when you had to be careful with a pickaxe in Texas lest you set off a gusher.

    Oh -- and it's petroleum that fertilizes our crops and powers our transportation infrastructure, and we've already burned up half of the planet's total reserves. The easy-to-get-to and high-quality half, of course.

    Like it or not, the days of cheap energy are done and gone with. If we're smart, we'll bootstrap ourselves to a solar-based energy system, which won't be cheap, but it will give us more power than any of us can imagine. There's enough insolation just on America's residential rooftops to power the entire planet, for example. If we invest wisely, as Germany is doing, we'll sacrifice a little bit of short-term comfort for a lifetime of luxury. If we invest poorly, as Obama will have us do with his "Drill, baby! Drill!" energy plan... ...well, if we actually follow through with that, we're well and truly fucked.

    Cheers,

    b&

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  8. Re:Forward Looking Policy? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Wind and solar don't have the capacity and it will take a loooooong road of building for them to even come close to replacing other forms of electricity generation.

    That's exactly what we are trying to disprove. Yes, there are immense engineering challenges, but germany has a long and distiguished history of great engineers and I believe we can do it. It's like the moon landing in the 60s for the US, the goal is distant and we're not exactly sure how we are going to reach it, but the fact that the target stands is inspiring a whole generation of engineers to do what seems impossible. Now, the political challenges are a completly different topic...

  9. Re:How does their per-capita by bfandreas · · Score: 5, Informative

    You don't need an AC in Germany. We have mild summers and mild winters. So there goes one major factor.

    But there is also the cultural factor. For instance every fridge, washing machine, anything that remotely uses power has a big fat sticker with the energy efficiency class on its side. Nobody likes to buy something with a B on it when you can spend a bit more that says A.
    This goes even further. We use so little water that lakc of water seriously threatens our drains. So the utilities started to flush them.
    Most of the cars you see in the inner cities are quite small. And a lot of them are highly fuel efficient. Bigger cars used for commuting are diesel powered. You'll see a lot of Blue Motion Volkswagen that are so fuel efficient they put a Prius to shame.

    The head of our government is a physicist. That propably also helps. They tend not to be that easily bullshittable. She can do the maths herself. Also one of our states is governed by the Green party.

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  10. Re:Forward Looking Policy? by w_dragon · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You're counting the cost of construction of renewables, and ignoring the cost of mining and processing the uranium for the nukes. Unless you know of some 0-carbon mining process the idea that nuclear creates 0 carbon is BS. Wind and solar are actually 0-carbon once built. This is +5 interesting why?

  11. Re:Forward Looking Policy? by evilviper · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If we want to impact global warming we have to use nuclear power. Wind and solar don't have the capacity and it will take a loooooong road of building for them to even come close to replacing other forms of electricity generation.

    This is utterly wrong. Solar is one of the ONLY technologies that will make it possible to continue energy usage trends for the next century. We couldn't practically build nuclear power plants fast enough to keep up with growing demand. Wind is also a very good option, which should be exploited as much as possible.

    While I support nuclear power plants in general, I'm not so sure Germany made the wrong decision. They made the decision in the wake of the Fukishima disaster, and *if* their investigation determined their own nuclear plants are vulnerable to some natural disaster or another, shutting them down BEFORE a disaster happens is ideal. Waiting until AFTER a disaster happens, and only *then* shutting them down, is the worst possible outcome for everyone.

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  12. Re:But , but by Tx · · Score: 4, Informative
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  13. Re:Forward Looking Policy? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The decision was not just because of Fukushima, it was for economic reasons as well. Nuclear is expensive. It costs a lot to build, a lot to operate safely, a lot to insure, a lot to decommission and a lot to deal with the waste. You can argue that it shouldn't cost that much but the fact is it does. I don't know the history in Germany but the UK government tried to sell the fully functional nuclear plants it built in the early 80s and no one would buy them. In the end they couldn't give them away, they actually had to pay companies to take them and agree to pay all the decommissioning and clean-up costs too.

    There is also the opportunity to get ahead with renewables. The market is rapidly expanding and Germany wants to be one of the big players. High end engineering is their thing.

    With regards to Fukushima the issue is not so much that German plants are vulnerable to large earthquakes or tsunami, it is that even in a modern first world country you just can't trust the guys running the plants. They will grow complacent after decades of safe operation, and they will put profit before safety, and they will probably screw up their handling of a disaster as well.

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  14. Re:It only requires the will by Mike_EE_U_of_I · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This is not a victory for renewables, but for democracy. German citizens want to go renewable enough that they are willing to swallow the costs. Germany is a rich enough country to do that, and rich countries can accomplish amazing things when they have the will to do so. That doesn't mean renewable became any more viable economically, or that other poorer countries have any chance of replicating this feat.

    I agree with the first part of what you wrote, but not the second. Germany has purchased so much solar PV that it has pushed the PV industry far down the experience curve. This results in far lower PV prices for everyone else.

        I've been saying for years now that basically the entire world should be sending a Christmas card to Germany every year. The Germans took a HUGE economic hit that wound up making solar PV much more cost effective for everyone.