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ISP Data Caps Just a 'Cash Cow'

An anonymous reader writes "Ars summarizes a new report into the common practice of ISPs implementing data caps, ostensibly to keep their network traffic under control. The report found a much simpler reason: money. Quoting: 'The truly curious thing about the entire debate has been the way in which caps have mostly remained steady for years, even as the price of delivering data has plunged. For example, paying for transit capacity at a New York Internet exchange costs 50 percent less now than it did just one year ago, and many major ISPs aren't paying at all to exchange data thanks to peering. So why don't prices seem to fall? ... The authors of the new paper contend that all explanations are more or less hand-waving designed to disguise the fact that Internet providers are now raking in huge—in some cases, record—profit margins, without even the expense of building new networks. ...While Internet users have to endure a ceaseless litany of complaints about a "spectrum crunch" and an "exaflood" of data from which ISPs are suffering, most wireline ISPs are actually investing less money in their network as a percentage of revenue, and wireless operators like AT&T and Verizon are seeing huge growth in their average revenue per user numbers after phasing out unlimited data plans—which means money out of your pocket. In the view of the New America authors, this revenue growth is precisely the point of data caps.'"

26 of 353 comments (clear)

  1. This is Market failure in action... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ... it must be faced for the US to whom the free market is as much a religion as anything.

    1. Re:This is Market failure in action... by colin_faber · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I disagree, the reasons the ISP's can continue to charge outrageous rates is because they have a government sanctioned monopoly on last mile delivery. Even if I wanted to setup a cable ISP I couldn't as I have no access. I could setup a telco based one using DSL, but I would be limited to the transit charges the owner (Centurylink in my case) wants to charge my customers.

    2. Re:This is Market failure in action... by Concern · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The free market fairy simply cannot wave her magic wand over everything. The government cannot avoid playing a role in i.e. wireless communications if you want them at all. Someone has to decide who can use what spectrum. Someone has to enforce the rules. There is a finite supply - meaningful competition is not possible even when this is done efficiently. These are not like newspapers, where anyone can buy a printing press for relatively cheap. This is a multi-billion dollar cost of entry to put up thousands of towers on whatever spectrum you can license.

      No amount of ideology can give you a laissez faire market in wireless broadband. Arguing otherwise just makes you sound like one of those old-line Soviet Communists trying to explain how the shortage of bread must be a Capitalist Conspiracy. You can deny reality as much as you want, but it won't fill your stomach, or give you a "free market" cellular internet connection.

      Since we inevitably have to have a quasi-governmental broadband industry, I'm all for regulating it better. Fixing this is not rocket science. We did it for generations after our great grandparents got sick of enduring these scams. Set up a commission, give them unlimited fact-finding authority over the ISPs. They examine network load, operating costs, and approve new budgets and prices. Charter them to permit a steady, single-digit profit margin, while ensuring adequate ongoing investment and modernization. You know, how we used to run electric utilities for generations, before we privatized those and the rates jumped and the lights started going out all the time.

      Doing anything else is bad for business. Letting ISPs price gouge is the same as letting congress pass a (largely regressive) tax increase. It's just one where the tax money doesn't even have the courtesy to visit the US Treasury on its way to some insider's pocket.

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    3. Re:This is Market failure in action... by sqrt(2) · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Then you're head and shoulders above most Libertarians who think that the laws of markets overrule the laws of physics. It may be possible to come up with a technological solution to the limited amount of spectrum, but we don't have access to that technology yet.

      I'm tired of people claiming that the free market would fix the ISP problem. If we just made the RF spectrum a free for all you'd have the wealthiest companies erecting radio towers everywhere and blasting out as many megawatts of power as they could to drown out their competitors. Everyone would suffer. Everyone would have lower quality of service. Same with physical infrastructure. I really don't want 10 different copper/fiber lines strung from the telephone pole to my house or my street being dug up every year to install new lines for a new company. We need ONE common infrastructure owned by the people collectively which is leased out to businesses who compete with each other. That's the only sane model.

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    4. Re:This is Market failure in action... by TapeCutter · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I don't think you know what a free market is. The bandwidth market in the US is heavily, heavily government regulated.

      If you think a free market it's something that is free from government regulation then I'm absolutely sure you don't know what it is. A market is a set or rules governing trade, a fundamental rule of all markets is property law, you are free to participate in a free market provided you play by the rules. A market without rules is an oxymoron, like much of the political debate in the US it's ideological nonsense.

      A trivial example of a non-free market is the plutonium market, it's is an existing market but it's not free because it is not open to all players (nor should it be). Public bandwidth auctions are by definition a free market, without top down regulation of the radio spectrum there would be no bandwidth market, it would be replaced by a bottom up arms race in transmitter power. Utilities operate a lot better when the distribution network is treated as a single entity like roads and sewers, wholesalers and retailers then compete with each other over who can most efficiently build/use the same universal infrastructure. Much like construction companies and trucking companies compete to build bridges and deliver goods. It's bad enough telco's get to put their ugly poles on the public property directly in front of my house, worse still is the fact that these poles cause up to a third of all bushfires in my country. We went through the idiocy of rolling out two cable TV networks being rolled out side by side in the 90's, I really don't want more poles and wires just because corporations want to control rather than share infrastructure.

      Forget all the "free market" babble, it's a mental cage that a lot of Americans have locked themselves in and thrown away the key. The questions should be more like what rules do we need to get the best outcome for all players in this particular market? What rules will lead to an expanding and innovative market? What about markets such as tobacco and alcohol, do we really want to expand those markets, should the rules be mindful of children or the fact that the products are unhealthy, should they be banned and therefore self-regulated by organized crime in so called "black markets"? Once these things are decided and implemented, does it work as advertised? They're the sort of questions that are asked and answered by genuine representatives of the people with the aid of a public service that is not afraid to speak truth to power.

      Problem is that in the modern world we are overwhelmed by such questions and the self interested propaganda that accompanies them. It's physically impossible to understand every major issue in any depth, let alone come up with a sensible response. It's much easier to just ignore the details and take solace in a soundbite, the monorail guy from the Simpsons is much more entertaining than a bunch of dry academics, anyone who can sing and dance like that must know what they are doing, right?

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  2. well, of course by Trepidity · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Just about anything a mobile phone company does is aimed at maximizing revenue. The reason they would even pretend otherwise is that it can be easier to convince people to pay more for things, and avoid being as angry about it, if you can feed them some kind of cover story to mollify them.

    1. Re:well, of course by fredprado · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes you are right, but the problem is their being allowed to maximize their profits at the cost of consumers by avoiding competition because they hold monopolies or oligopolies in most areas.

    2. Re:well, of course by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 5, Insightful

      This, along with credit card companies raising your rate after you borrow a lot because you're "riskier", coincidentally trapping you and making it hard to pay off, and banks charging you overdraft fees, $35/incident, over and over to "protect you", are a nice trio of fine print fraud.

      In all cases, the surface argument has the lie put to it because their business model hopes you get into trouble, and the business doesn't fear it. It is the desired state.

      It is thus fraud and should be treated as such.

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  3. Obvious article is obvious? by earlzdotnet · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Am I the only person who has known this for years? No matter how much data goes through infrastructure, it's not going to change the cost of running the infrastructure (significantly). That's like keeping a huge lightbulb on in town square but making people pay for the priveledge of removing the curtains from their house to let the light in. Doesn't change the cost, just another way for ISPs to gouge consumers. However, there is an exception. Satellite internet it makes sense right now for their to be caps. It's a behavior adjuster. A single satellite can only transfer so much data at once, so they commonly have off-peak times where if you want to download a few gigs, you can do it in those times and it won't go towards your cap. This is required because satellites are a fairly precious resource. Where I use to live no one in a 50 mile radius could get satellite internet because the only satellite serving the region was already over utilized and they didn't want it to get even worse.

    1. Re:Obvious article is obvious? by AK+Marc · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Transit is cheap. Getting traffic to a location where transit is cheap is not cheap.

  4. Surprising? by Cinder6 · · Score: 3, Informative

    I doubt anyone here is really surprised by this. On the one hand, the arguments made by the ISPs make some sense: as more and more people go online and download more and more multimedia and apps alongside simple web browsing (which also uses more data than it used to), then of course bandwidth usage is also going to go up. However, that argument ignores the other side of the coin--namely that the technology the ISPs use continues to improve, becoming more and more capable of meeting (or exceeding) that demand. The caps also ignore usage patterns, peak hours, etc.

    If the ISPs cut you off entirely when you exceed your cap, then their argument might have some weight. But they don't do that. They let you keep going, at the same speed you were before. Only they charge you extra money.

    What borders on criminal is that they're so bad about informing you of when you approach the cap. Though she claims never to use the Internet on her phone, my mother always goes over cap. She has only twice received a notification from AT&T that she was approaching the cap--both of which came two days(!) after she had already gone over her allotted amount.

    I'm still on a grandfathered unlimited AT&T account. I come nowhere near 3GB of usage each month (I'm almost always on WiFi), but I have no intention of dropping down to a cheaper account. It's maddening that I can't get tethering (officially...) without going to one of their crap capped plans.

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    1. Re:Surprising? by tilante · · Score: 3

      Not that AT&T aren't thieves... but your mother probably just isn't paying attention. I have AT&T, and they send me a text when I pass 50% of my cap. They send another when I pass 90%. I've gotten the 50% one several times. I've only gotten the 90% one twice, since I don't usually use anywhere near my cap, but each time I got it, I hadn't passed the cap yet. (Actually, the warnings got kind of annoying for a while, when I was using just over 50% of my cap each month.)

      One of the times, I was only a day from the end of the billing cycle, so I didn't have to do anything about it. The second time, I was on vacation and using Internet on the phone a lot, so I logged into AT&T's site and switched to the next higher plan, and noted when the billing cycle would reset my usage. The day after my usage reset, I logged into AT&T and switched back to my normal plan. Bumping up the plan a tier was less than the overage charge would have been... and for extra fun, AT&T pro-rates, so I only got charged for about five days at the higher rate... which bumped my bill up maybe $2.

  5. Re:Well, duh... by denis-The-menace · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The market isn't free because the incumbents buy laws to keep status quo.

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  6. Nothing new here by xtal · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This is the exact behaviour you'd expect from a largely-monopoly or entrenched oligopoly market.

    Governments or municipalities should own the infrastructure. Everything should be fiber. Most of the costs in those rollouts are administrative, not technical in nature.

    There is a huge economic cost in not having gigabit FTTH infrastructure; it's big enough that companies like Google are stepping in.

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  7. Capitalism by girlintraining · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This is precisely why capitalism doesn't belong in some markets. Cue rabid "the free market is always right" retorts in 5...4...3... but the truth is when you have any infrastructure service; sewer, electricity, communications, roads, etc., that everyone needs access to (or at least a majority of people in the community use often), without regulation this kind of thing will happen. It creates a natural monopoly; And no, the government doesn't create the monopoly. It would happen whether the government even existed or not. This is the quintessential example of where and when government regulation is needed to rebalance things so that the service provided retains its usefulness to society without becoming parasitic. The government is the only thing besides an even larger monopoly power that can influence this kind of market dynamic.

    And yet here we are, getting put over a barrel and raped because of our idealized notion of how the market will "correct itself", and how government regulation "hurts businesses". You know what, fine: Let one company's profits suffer a little for the greater good, rather than letting everyone suffer a little so the company can be massively profitable at our expense. We need to put a stop to the nickle and dime death march that is killing our middle class off. We need regulation.

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    1. Re:Capitalism by ElectricTurtle · · Score: 3, Informative

      I challenge you to name one instance in history where a monopoly has existed where government wasn't playing either or both of two roles:

      1) Creating barriers to entry on behalf of corporate lobbyists that make competition illegal (as only government can do) except for the existing major players who coincidentally* are the only entities with the infrastructure to meet the arbitrary legal (government) requirements.

      2) Looking the other way while corporations bribe government agents to allow criminal acts including intimidation and violence to prevent competition in an extrajudicial way.

      Telecom is not a free market because even if I bought a ton of equipment and hired a bunch of people, I could not enter the market as an ISP, because the market is regulated. These regulations make competition illegal for any entity other than the players that "helped" draft the regulations in the first place.

      *Sarcasm

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  8. Duh by Hatta · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Bandwith is not a commodity like water. We don't save anything when we under utilize it. The cheapest per bit cost is when the network is maximally utilized. Incentives that encourage people to use less bandwith are economically unsound.

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    1. Re:Duh by vux984 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Bandwith is not a commodity like water.

      Bandwidth is not like water, it is like water pipes.

      . The cheapest per bit cost is when the network is maximally utilized.

      Q: And what exactly happens if it is maximally utilized and you want to send 1 more packet?

      A: It doesn't go through.

      Incentives that encourage people to use less bandwith are economically unsound.

      Nonsense. Another equivalent for bandwidth is the road network. Sure, perpetual gridlock maximizes the 'cars per unit of pavement' metric, and in some twisted logic divides the cost of the pavement between the most vehicles... hurrah!... but only a complete idiot would argue that encouraging people to drive less is economically unsound because it means the roads aren't getting "maximally utilized".

      Saturated networks are not optimal.

  9. OK, so how is that monopoly removed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You can't let someone dig up the roads because a person on the street has decided to change ISP.

    You can't let someone use the radio bands willy nilly because there's a new customer for wireless internet.

    It's rather the intent of every single Randian faithiest to INSIST that any failure in the Free Market is due to government interference.

    Given that you INSIST they should do some things such as enforce contracts and prosecute theft, murder, et al, that there is ALWAYS going to be government interference.

    One thing that always shows up the idiot libertarian is that they blame government interference without ever considering evidence for the stance. Just "Government exists? Well, they did it".

    If government got out of it and stopped enforcing contracts, then the ISP customers would be able to not pay for the connection and that would fix the failure, wouldn't it? But that's not allowed, government MUST interfere then!

    1. Re:OK, so how is that monopoly removed? by jythie · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Well, for phone companies (and in the past, DSL) there was a rule saying they have to make their lines available to other companies.. which is why, say, in the days of dial up you could buy your phone service from one company and then dial in to any ISP you liked. DSL used to work the same way, you bought your line and then could use any ISP you wanted. Cable modems never had this, and when DSL providers complained it was unfair, rather then extending the policy to cable they dropped it for DSL, resulting in pretty much the eradication of competition over night.

      Putting that bit of regulation back in place would probably spawn all sorts of consumer choice without having to deal with the barrier to entry that is laying physical lines.

    2. Re:OK, so how is that monopoly removed? by eth1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      No, they need to go a step further than that, really. Regulation that states that no one entity can do any two or more of create content (media companies), deliver content (ISPs), or provide physical connectivity (last-mile line installation/maint.). That would pretty much solve the problem overnight, especially if the last bit was handled by municipalities or co-ops.

  10. Re:Corporation makes profit by Urban+Nightmare · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What upsets most people (in the western free mark world) isn't that they make a profit. It's that the companies don't reinvest some of that profit in actually increasing capacity. They (the companies) just complain about to much traffic and crank on the rates again. That and there is a complete lack of competition and almost zero ability for a new entry in the market. This makes it at best an oligopoly and at worst a monopoly in 99% of the towns and cities.

    Also why do republican morons always think that the democrats/liberals are against profit?

    Oh look its the big scary socialists again. They don't want anybody to own anything! See they want corporations and millionaires to pay TAXES!!!!

    AC is a moron

  11. Do people really care? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I live in Toronto, Canada and there's two options for cable and cell phone: 1) get gouged. 2) don't get gouged but deal with a smaller player.

    I have friends who complain about their overage bills using the internet with Rogers and Bell. I tell them that they can get unlimited usage (or 300 gb / month limits if you want to save a few more dollars/month) for half of than what they're paying via Teksavvy and they don't want to switch.

    I have friends who complain about paying $70 / month for a cell phone that only gives them 1 gig of data use and tell them about the unlimited data/calling/texting/voicemail plans Wind offers for $40 / month and am met with "wow, that's a good deal, I should switch," but no one ever actually switches.

    I understand that some friends say this just to be polite so I'll leave them alone, but there is something to be said for momentum that people have with a company even if it's ripping them off.

  12. Re:Average consumer intelligence level declining. by mcgrew · · Score: 5, Insightful

    No, you're the clueless one. When cable first came out in the early eighties (it was around in a very limited form in very few places in the seventies) there was no advertising whatever. None. Not on the cable channels; the only time you saw a commercial was when you were tuned to an over the air channel. Uncut, uninterrupted, commercial-free TV. Then when everybody got hooked on cable, THAT is when they started introducing ads... between shows. Then they started breaking the shows for commercials like OTA TV. Then they got even greedier and started showing commercials at the bottom of the screen while the actual content is playing.

    No, son, YOU are the one unfamiliar with early cable, simply because you never saw early cable and assumed it was always fucked up like that.

    Guess what else? Empty-V used to play music videos instead of stupid "reality" shows. Discovery used to have science instead of "trick my truck." History used to have the history of the Roman Empire and the History of Beer instead of "ice road truckers."

    Guess what else? I shut my cable off. It's no longer worth the money. OTA, DVD, and web for me. Comcast can go fuck themselves, the greedy, shiftless bastards.

  13. Debit cards by tepples · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This is why the major credit card companies keep trying to make it really hard to make major purchases without using one of their cards.

    Using a card doesn't always involve carrying a balance. I use two credit cards regularly, one Chase Freedom Visa (1.1% cash back) and one Target REDcard (5% cash back), and I have both set to pay the entire statement balance in full each month. So I treat the credit cards as if they were debit cards: if I don't have the money in the checking account, I don't swipe the card.

  14. Re:Using Credit Cards as Debit Cards by drinkypoo · · Score: 3, Informative

    ...and why do they allow you to do that?

    It's simple. They know that otherwise you'd be too smart for their scheme and wouldn't even have a credit card come the day that you happen to need more cash than is in your checking account.

    Blah blah blah blah then you never actually state the actual reason why they permit that, which tells me you don't know what you're talking about. Store credit cards encourage people to shop with a given store. On other cards, the processor takes a cut of every transaction. There's money to be made even if you don't carry a balance, which is the reason credit card companies don't cancel cards that never have one.

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