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You Don't 'Own' Your Own Genes

olePigeon (Wik) writes "Cornell University's New York based Weill Cornell Medical College issued a press release today regarding an unsettling trend in the U.S. patent system: Humans don't "own" their own genes, the cellular chemicals that define who they are and what diseases for which they might be at risk. Through more than 40,000 patents on DNA molecules, companies have essentially claimed the entire human genome for profit, report Dr. Christopher E. Mason of Weill Cornell Medical College, and the study's co-author, Dr. Jeffrey Rosenfeld, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey and a member of the High Performance and Research Computing Group, who analyzed the patents on human DNA. Their study, published March 25 in the journal Genome Medicine, raises an alarm about the loss of individual 'genomic liberty.'"

57 of 293 comments (clear)

  1. Derivative Works by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Careful, these guys are going to come after you for procreating next!

    Think of the children! No, really.

    1. Re:Derivative Works by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Just be glad they patented them and didn't copyright them! patents only last 20 years, in two decades you'll own your genome again.

    2. Re:Derivative Works by TemperedAlchemist · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I find it odd they could patent something they didn't invent.

    3. Re:Derivative Works by daremonai · · Score: 4, Funny

      So no one can have children until they turn 20? Clever way to end teen pregnancy.

    4. Re:Derivative Works by omnichad · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Really, they can't. They can patent their usage by some method, such as a diagnostic test. That's just how patents work.

      The headline is just a bit of sensationalism.

    5. Re:Derivative Works by Ironchew · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Our immune system already enforces a "no derivatives" clause. Procreation is only possible with an elaborate workaround that keeps the immune system from noticing what's going on.

    6. Re:Derivative Works by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Monsanto claims to have patents on genes in seed. If you happen to come up with some seed by any means with those genes in them, it's consideed infringing. So, I think your comment here is likely wrong.

    7. Re:Derivative Works by Entropius · · Score: 5, Interesting

      If you believe in software patents, then aren't Monsanto's patents just an extension of that? They're just sequences of code that, when compiled and run, does a particular thing...

    8. Re:Derivative Works by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Well, the procedure itself (diagnostic PCR) is common knowledge and widespread. They own the combination of the DNA and the procedure, and when you tally up all of the DNA involved in these kinds of patents, 41% of all (or possibly just protein-coding) genes are covered in some way. The paper gives an example of one diagnostic probe that's only 15 nt long; given that 15 nt is exactly 30 bits, that's equivalent to having exclusive rights to use a ten-digit number as a pattern in a regular expression.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    9. Re:Derivative Works by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Monsanto doesn't patent the gene, they patent the whole organism, which they created by an artificial process. Since there is no natural or biological process by which the transgenes could get into a plant, finding their transgene is evidence that you've derived a plant from their created and patented organism.

    10. Re:Derivative Works by mrops · · Score: 3, Funny

      So a DMCA takedown notice then

    11. Re:Derivative Works by reboot246 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Oh, but there is a natural biological process that allows those genes to get into other plants. Happens all the time if the two plants are closely related.

    12. Re:Derivative Works by reboot246 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Appears that sometimes the plants don't have to be related at all.

      http://www.i-sis.org.uk/horizontalGeneTransfer.php

      "Genetic engineering creates vast arrays of transgenic DNA that could spread, not only through cross-pollination with the same or related species, but also through the direct uptake of the transgenic DNA by cells of unrelated species, a process called horizontal gene transfer."

    13. Re:Derivative Works by belthize · · Score: 3, Funny

      Careful, these guys are going to come after you for procreating next!

      Now worries there. After watching things like Jersey Shore, the US Senate and most television shows it's pretty clear we're still amateurs.

    14. Re:Derivative Works by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That's something we already know. It's how humans got viral genes, how cows got snake genes, how a sea slug got algae genes, and how a pea aphid got fungal genes, among other known examples. It's pretty rare unless you're giving things an evolutionary time frame, and has little to do with genetic engineering, either in terms of scientific or patent related concerns.

    15. Re:Derivative Works by TFAFalcon · · Score: 2

      Except that most software does not spread itself and automatically replace the software you normally use. It's more like virus writers suing you copyright infringement when your computer gets infected by their 'products'.

  2. Normally I wouldn't own my own genes... by mblase · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...but fortunately, I have complete legal ownership due to the grandfather clause.

    1. Re:Normally I wouldn't own my own genes... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 4, Funny

      That only covers half of your genetic material because there's no grandmother clause.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  3. Upcoming supreme court case by schneidafunk · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "The U.S. Supreme Court will review genomic patent rights in an upcoming hearing on April 15. At issue is the right of a molecular diagnostic company to claim patents not only on two key breast and ovarian cancer genes — BRCA1 and BRCA2 — but also on any small sequence of code within BRCA1, including a striking patent for only 15 nucleotides. " ...

    "This means if the Supreme Court upholds the current scope of the patents, no physician or researcher can study the DNA of these genes from their patients, and no diagnostic test or drug can be developed based on any of these genes without infringing a patent," says Dr. Mason.

    * Personally I believe the supreme court will throw out these patents.

    --
    Some people die at 25 and aren't buried until 75. -Benjamin Franklin
    1. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by the_humeister · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If they don't throw out the patents, does that mean people with the mutation who do develop cancer have standing to sue the company then since they have patents on those genes?

    2. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by dpilot · · Score: 4, Funny

      Let me get this straight.... If this patent is upheld, it will become illegal to pass along BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes to offspring.

      We've found it - the cure to cancer!

      --
      The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
    3. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 4, Informative

      The same SCOTUS which decided that cities and counties can condemn people's homes because a golf course is better use of the land?

      I doubt it. I'm going to be genuinely surprised if I don't have to pay licensing fees if I have a baby in the coming years.

      Except that it is not the same SCOTUS that reached that decision. Four years ago, I would have bet that the balance of power in the SCOTUS had shifted such that it would have overturned that ruling (if someone could have come up with a case that gave them a fig leaf against "overturning precedent"). However, I am no longer sure how the balance goes on that issue. Several Justices who I thought I understood their judicial philosophy have voted the opposite of what I expected in the last couple of major, controversial decisions. In the same way, Sotomayor and Kagan have taken positions that suggest that they might be less likely to uphold the Kelo decision than their political philosophy before getting on the Court would have suggested.

      --
      The truth is that all men having power ought to be mistrusted. James Madison
    4. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by djmurdoch · · Score: 2

      No, the company will sue the cancer patients for illegally duplicating their invention.

    5. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by Antipater · · Score: 2

      But not all - the tests the Myriad invented using these genes are real inventions.

      As I understood it, the tests that Myriad invented have already been deemed unpatentable by the precedent of Mayo v. Prometheus and in re Bilski. At issue is the patentability of "isolated genes", or whether the isolation of a DNA sequence outside of its chromosome makes it no longer "naturally-occuring" and thus makes it patentable.

      --
      Everything is better with chainsaws.
    6. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by interkin3tic · · Score: 3, Funny

      I'm going to be genuinely surprised if I don't have to pay licensing fees if I have a baby in the coming years.

      This is slashdot: odds are we won't have to pay licensing fees no matter what they decide.

    7. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by NatasRevol · · Score: 2

      Not sure if irony:

      "Humanity is fucking doomed- nothing has really changed for the last 50 thousand years in terms of human behavior"

      --
      There are two types of people in the world: Those who crave closure
    8. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by ChronoFish · · Score: 2

      Yes - they did but the conditions are different.

      Property is owned by the State, Governed by the Feds, and leased to individuals(tax). This is written into the Constitution.

      Fifth Amendment of Bill of Rights:

      "....nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. "

      "Just compensation" allows for private property to be taken for public use... You may not agree with the terms, but the law is pretty clear. Who determines what "just compensation" ? The state.

      -CF

    9. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by ChronoFish · · Score: 2, Funny

      See Monsanto rulings...

    10. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

      The same SCOTUS which decided that cities and counties can condemn people's homes because a golf course is better use of the land?

      And the same SCOTUS that has decided that the filing for an S-Corp magically creates a new person who is endowed with god-given rights to anonymously buy elections.

      I don't trust them to come down on the side of flesh-and-blood persons over the corporate kind as long as that prick-with-ears Antonin Scalia sits on the court. He's the one who decided that congress passing a law unanimously is evidence that they didn't want to pass it at all. He is an evil, evil man.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    11. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by sl4shd0rk · · Score: 4, Informative

      company will sue the cancer patients

      You might by trying for cynicism, but this is just all too similar to cases already won by Monsanto

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      Join the Slashcott! Feb 10 thru Feb 17!
    12. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by CanHasDIY · · Score: 4, Funny

      Pirate Babies FTW!!!

      (points at own junk) DMCA this, motherfuckers!

      --
      An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
    13. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I think you would find many here on /. that shares your lament over how corporations behave like psychopath along with how a few sociopaths have long controlled the mainstream masses due to power/greed/lust/control but aren't you being just a _tad_ pessimistic??

      Considering the fact that the western world has running water, don't have to risk life nor limb for their daily food, the majority has a relatively safe place to sleep, we can learn the past few _thousand_ years of Mathematics, Science, and Philosophy all within roughly 10-20 years, not to mention all the cool tech the average person has access to (such as the ability to communicate long distances) the human race is "overall" in a better place then it was 50,000 years ago. No?

      The fundamental root problems with humanity is two-fold:

        * an archaic belief that there is never enough, and
        * fear which manifests in many forms: greed, power, control, etc.

      It took how many thousands of years to ... ??

      * be allowed to believe a different philosophy without getting killed (religion)
      * be allowed to write a different philosophy without getting killed (censorship)
      * to grow the fuck up and out-law ownership of another person (slavery)

      Heck one guy said "Can't we all just get along. We can and we should." and was nailed to a tree for pointing out the flaw in human nature.

      So why are you all that surprised that we have [yet] to learn the final lessons?? Namely:

        * The Basis of Civilization is built upon Sharing,
        * When we stop blaming/allowing others to control us and take personal responsibility; when we realize the truth:
                "We are our own government", and
        * "Grow the fuck up" and become civilized by not treating our fellow man/woman with less respect / honor / love that we should be treating everyone as our father / mother / brother / sister

      Ultimately, humans will learn the secret ingredient:

            That the purpose of the universe is a dynamic feedback system designed to teach; namely, at the end of the day it is all about one thing:

      Relationships.

      --
      Only cowards use censorship.

    14. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by chiefmojorising · · Score: 2

      It also doesn't mean they're right. How often do you see unanimity in a decision? Are some of the justices wrong or do they simply have a differing opinion?

    15. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by meta-monkey · · Score: 2

      Well, specifically, the tumors are duplicating the invention, which means cancer is illegal. If something is declared illegal, it is necessary to go to War On It (TM, US government), incarcerating those associated with said thing, therefore eliminating it. Ipso facto QED they just cured cancer by patenting it. God bless our patent system. *one.single.tear*

      --
      We don't have a state-run media we have a media-run state.
    16. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by meta-monkey · · Score: 3, Funny

      "Sir, ConglomeratedGenCo has issued a DMCA takedown request for your pants."

      --
      We don't have a state-run media we have a media-run state.
    17. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

      Wow, I thought there were 8 other justices on the Supreme Court, but every bad decision apparently was made by Scalia.

      Thanks for filling me in

      No problem. It's better to light a candle than curse the darkness.

      Scalia isn't responsible for all of the bad decisions of the Court, but his fingerprints are all over the very worst ones, consistent only in their level of evil. But logically, completely inconsistent. Pro-federalism when states want to do something horrible and anti-federalist when states want to do something decent. Originalist when he believes the Founders support his belief and ignoring original text when they don't. Scalia is the model of the "activist judge" that ignores precedent when it's convenient to his ideology. A politician in a robe, and by all accounts, a bully. One of the worst justices since the Dred Scott decision.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    18. Re:Upcoming supreme court case by gd2shoe · · Score: 2

      ....nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

      Public use! Public use!

      Roads, schools, bridges, freeways, military bases... not shopping malls, golf courses and housing tracts. There's been a longstanding tradition of "interpreting" "just compensation" as being pennies on the dollar (rarely fought against successfully). When the government can take stuff at the price that it dictates and "sell" it to private interests, it has become a full fledged corruption mechanism.

      --
      I won't join Slashcott. OTOH, If Beta goes live, I just won't be back until it's fixed. Sorry Dice.
  4. Prior Art by dunkindave · · Score: 2

    Don't each of those genes have prior art? In what way have these companies created a new and innovative device?

  5. Good by PPH · · Score: 5, Funny

    If this is the case, Merck can send a cease and desist letter to that woman who copied my genome without permission and is now seeking child support payments.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
    1. Re:Good by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Informative

      If this is the case, Merck can send a cease and desist letter to that woman who copied my genome without permission and is now seeking child support payments.

      Well, since it's actually a derivative work of both your genomes, this is classed as a collaborative effort.

      Unless you were engaged in a limited liability partnership, you can be sued for liability issues arising from the partnership.

      I'd suggest consulting a lawyer if you didn't have any contracts drawn up in advance ... you may have unwittingly entered into a partnership which doesn't shield you from liability, and it sounds like it's too late to withdraw without consequences. ;-)

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    2. Re:Good by leonardluen · · Score: 3, Funny

      Apparently his DRM was faulty

  6. Patent Office Is Screwing Up Again by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How did all these patents get issued, when legally in the U.S., patents cannot be issued for products of nature?

    Somebody is massively and badly f*cking up, somewhere.

    1. Re:Patent Office Is Screwing Up Again by CanHasDIY · · Score: 2

      That would be an argument that would give you an F in patent law 101.

      That's a painfully sad way to look at the situation...

      I suppose, now, there's no point in majoring in Biochemistry, unless you're planning on a minor in Patent Law...

      Fuck.

      --
      An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
  7. Prior Art!! by AntEater · · Score: 2

    I claim prior art! Well, my parents could, at least.

    --
    Alex, I'll take keybindings not used by Emacs for $400....
  8. sue by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    So if you get sick with cancer, just sue the company that is the owner of the gene. Tell the courts they own the patent and you never asked for there products to be put into you. Make clear you only want those mutated cancer cells removed that they own.. Free cancer treatment.

  9. If Protein Synthesis is Outlawed... by tutufan · · Score: 2

    ...only outlaws will synthesize their own proteins.

  10. Here is a way to fix this by rgriff59 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Find a company which "owns" a gene that controls some specific disease, like a cancer. Now, everyone with that disease files a lawsuit against the patent holder. They own it, they should be liable for the damages it is causing by being released into the general population. By claiming a patent, this implies invention, therefore we can infer liability!

    After a few multi-million dollar lawsuit awards, no one would want to "own" a gene. Problem solved.

  11. Re:Same old by interval1066 · · Score: 2

    Basically corporations have yet another carte blanche to sue whoever they want for whatever reason.

    Well, "basically" (the superfluous "basically" make the user look like an idiot by the way) anyone can sue for any reason whatsoever, and they do. My wife, who works for a silicon valley court system sees this all the time. The from high powered corp lawyer to the crazy cat lady living in a shopping cart. Corporations don't own lawsuits as you appear to be implying.

    --
    Python: 'And then suddenly you have a language which says "we're all stuck with whatever the whiniest coder wants".'
  12. Re:New breed of patent troll by chuckugly · · Score: 2

    Bonus points for using "meat of the story".

  13. Re:In that case by crutchy · · Score: 2

    Michael Crichton had been talking about gene patents for years

    read his book titled "Next"

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_(novel)

  14. Re:Same old by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 2

    Yes, but at another level you cannot patent in vivo genes as these are a product of nature.

    The genes covered by these patents all go through a process where they are isolated. Since the genes in your body are the result of natural processes any such patent suit would have much less than a 90% chance of success.

  15. Re:In that case by TapeCutter · · Score: 2, Informative

    Let me guess the plot - Science gone mad?

    --
    And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
  16. Stop being rational by gmuslera · · Score: 2

    Manage to patent an irrational number and then sue everyone because math shows that everyone have everything there if you dig enough. Then take down the patent system as even them are covered by your patent. And then we can live happily ever after.

    1. Re:Stop being rational by gmuslera · · Score: 2

      You should not be able to patent simple molecules produced by common plants, ideas (specially common sense ones), sounds, colors, rectangular shapes, or even genes... but they do, and probably things far simpler that i said here. Of course, maybe you won't be able to patent a number, but once you bought enough politicians you probably will.

  17. Bad title is bad by hacksoncode · · Score: 3, Informative
    I fully understand why people have a visceral reaction to the idea of patents on human genes, but the fact is that these are not patents on human genes, they are patents on artificially extracted and purified forms of certain gene sequences that do not occur in isolation in nature.

    People do own their own genes, as they occur in their bodies.

    From the Federal Register:

    A patent on a gene covers the isolated and purified gene but does not cover the gene as it occurs in nature. Thus, the concern that a person whose body ``includes'' a patented gene could infringe the patent is misfounded. The body does not contain the patented, isolated and purified gene because genes in the body are not in the patented, isolated and purified form. When the patent issued for purified adrenaline about one hundred years ago, people did not infringe the patent merely because their bodies naturally included unpurified adrenaline.

  18. Re:In that case by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Except for the fact that the dark ages were far better than this so-called enlightened era of mass murder, human trafficking, torture-that-is-not-torture, unlimited power for the powerful without responsibility (corporatism)...

    Trying to cover just how much wrong you stuffed into that single sentence would be a task akin to cleaning the Agean Stables. That you say such a thing while you sit on your well-fed ass, in your warm home, taking access to all the 100% clean and safe water and food you could ever want for granted, wearing machine-woven cloth, sitting in front of a machine so incredible it would've been literally indistinguishable from magic 100 years ago (let alone 1000), leads to one of two conclusions:

    Either you are a spoiled whinging twit posessed of an ignorance of history as stunning as your lack of perspective, or you are so stupid it's amazing that you remember how to breathe.

  19. Re:The original affluent society by eennaarbrak · · Score: 2

    explain how a society where "everybody's wants were easily satisfied" evolves into modern industrial society if that initial premise is true?

    That's easy. Change in society does not have to be driven by improvement on an individual level. Societies that grow food crop will have higher population growths than societies of hunter-gatherers. As agricultural society expands, it usurps/conquers/murders the neighbouring hunter-gatherer societies. Whether individuals in the agricultural society were happier/more content/healthier is not relevant - they simply had more people, and hence more military power. Same for the industrial revolution.