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Keeping Your Data Private From the NSA (And Everyone Else)

Nerval's Lobster writes "If those newspaper reports are accurate, the NSA's surveillance programs are enormous and sophisticated, and rely on the latest in analytics software. In the face of that, is there any way to keep your communications truly private? Or should you resign yourself to saying or typing, 'Hi, NSA!' every time you make a phone call or send an email? Fortunately there are ways to gain a measure of security: HTTPS, Tor, SCP, SFTP, and the vendors who build software on top of those protocols. But those host-proof solutions offer security in exchange for some measure of inconvenience. If you lose your access credentials, you're likely toast: few highly secure services include a 'Forgot Your Password?' link, which can be easily engineered to reset a password and username without the account owner's knowledge. And while 'big' providers like Google provide some degree of encryption, they may give up user data in response to a court order. Also, all the privacy software in the world also can't prevent the NSA (or other entities) from capturing metadata and other information. What do you think is the best way to keep your data locked down? Or do you think it's all a lost cause?"

51 of 622 comments (clear)

  1. I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by For+a+Free+Internet · · Score: 4, Funny

    It stinks, but I can see if anyone's been intruding. So far it is totally secure.

    --
    UNITE with the Campaign for a Free Internet because today, our future begins with tomorrow!
    1. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by Beavertank · · Score: 4, Funny

      Until someone develops a data weevil to burrow into all cheese-based encryption systems and retrieve the hidden data.

    2. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Actually, we're on to you. I work for the NSA in the cheese department. We have secret methods of turning milk into "18-month cave-aged gouda" within 23 minutes.

    3. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by Qzukk · · Score: 5, Funny

      Your Swiss cheese security is full of holes!

      --
      If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
    4. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by CannonballHead · · Score: 5, Funny

      That would be pure weevil. Weevil incarnate.

    5. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by m.ducharme · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "And while 'big' providers like Google provide some degree of encryption, they WILL give up user data in response to a court order"

      I believe the correct statement would be:

      "And while 'big' providers like Google provide some degree of encryption, they HAVE GIVEN up user data in response to a court order"

      --
      Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
    6. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by JustOK · · Score: 4, Funny

      Most companies would use something that's just gouda enough

      --
      rewriting history since 2109
    7. Re:I hide my data in big wheels of cheese by J'raxis · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Wrong. If Google cared, they could take measures to immunize themselves against court orders.

      Courts can only order that these businesses divulge data they have. Google could encrypt your email, docs, &c., that are stored on their servers using your login password, and so long as they don't store your login password, they cannot now decrypt the data. All they could respond to a court order with would be an encrypted blob and, "if you want the data, subpoena the owner and get the password from him." No more spying without the owner's knowledge.

      Google's encryption is just HTTPS, which is end-to-end between the user and Google's servers. It's great for protecting against MITM attacks, but useless to protect against Google themselves.

  2. Run your own servers and use encryption by kullnd · · Score: 5, Informative

    Only way you can keep your data yours while sitting at rest is to have it on your own servers and utilize proper encryption and security on those servers. That means don't use "cloud" anything unless it's on equipment you own, run your own email servers, etc. Remember that even doing this, emails that you send to other people can be accessed through whatever servers they use.

    --
    +++ATH0 NO CARRIER
    1. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by cdrudge · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But the NSA says it's just collecting the metadata on communications, not the actual communications. So while encrypting the message in your email may prevent them from (easily) reading your email, they still see that you sent or received an email and who it was coming or going to.

    2. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by meta-monkey · · Score: 4, Insightful

      And encrypting it screams "hey look at me look at me I'm saying something I don't want you to know about!"

      --
      We don't have a state-run media we have a media-run state.
    3. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by Charliemopps · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But the NSA says it's just collecting the metadata on communications, not the actual communications. So while encrypting the message in your email may prevent them from (easily) reading your email, they still see that you sent or received an email and who it was coming or going to.

      You're forgetting: They are lying. They lied before each leak, and after were proven liers. Now they claim to have told congress "The least untruthful" thing they could. You think they are finally telling the truth now? lol

    4. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "Even there, however, the government can still potentially gain information on who you may be sharing the data with. "

      Not with OneSwarm. It was specifically designed such that content is distributed throughout your OneSwarm network, and it is physically impossible to determine which node or nodes are supplying the data you are receiving via that network.

      It might be theoretically possible for them to find out who is in your network, with a lot of effort. But even if they managed to insert a node into your network, they could not tell with whom you are communicating. By design.

    5. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by LordLimecat · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Rumor is they've found a way to efficiently brute-force low-level AES.

      A rumor that hasnt been substantiated even after over a decade of analysis by top crypto experts around the world. Color me skeptical.

      Im sure the NSA is good, but AES security has been pretty thoroughly tested, hammered, and inspected for chinks.

    6. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 4, Interesting

      And encrypting it screams "hey look at me look at me I'm saying something I don't want you to know about!"

      Huh? My mail server has been opportunistically encrypting all MTA traffic for the past decade and all of my remote access is via OpenVPN or ssh. My work involves conversations with clients that include, but are not limited to trade secrets, personally-identifiable medical records, and financial information. Damn right I don't want other people to know about that stuff, and the NSA is near the bottom of that list.

      The only change I'm going to make over this NSA tussle is to stop accepting plain HTTP on my own infrastructure. Sorry, IE on XP users - you're out of luck. The other 95% of the web will be better off if everybody makes the same change.

      I'll have to look through my logs to see if the same change can be made for mail yet.

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    7. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by Dr_Barnowl · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Right now it screams "I've heard of PRISM".

      Now is the best time to start routinely encrypting your communications, because you have a plausible reason to do so.

    8. Re:Run your own servers and use encryption by LordLimecat · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, that would be NIST, the same folks who standardized SHA, SHA2, etc.

      AES (aka Rijndael) was developed by Daeman and Rijman. NSA offered some tweaks to it, which were later determined to have significantly strengthened the cipher.

      The "folks who evaluated it" include Bruce Schneier, who aside from being a well respected cryptoanalyst (having developed several NIST standard candidates), is nothing if not paranoid.

  3. Re: Can't have it all. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I don't want "it all". I just want our government to respect our rights and our Constitution. Is that too much to ask?

  4. Security through obscurity by Synerg1y · · Score: 5, Informative

    1. Use an email provider nobody's heard about.
    2. Keep social network data private, more importantly don't post anything sensitive.
    3. Don't engage in terrorism, they really hate that.
    4. Somewhere between "get off Windows" and use a live disk, I don't think any OS is truly secure.
    5. Don't save anything locally, keep your accounts hidden, no email notifications.

    Wave at the black SUV outside your window as not having any traceable data may warrant suspicion in itself.

    Move to SA (either one).

    1. Re:Security through obscurity by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      3. Don't engage in terrorism, they really hate that.

      Problem is that if they dislike you for some reason they tend to define whatever you do as terrorism. Even if you just happen to get blown up by a random drone strike while attending your friend's wedding you become a terrorist.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
  5. Re:Can't have it all. by Lunix+Nutcase · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Those who worry are usually those who have something to hide or something criminal in the works.

    You won't mind me wiretapping your phones, installing caneras in your home and adding keyloggers to your computers? You're not a criminal with anything to hide, right?

  6. Re:Can't have it all. by atom1c · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That's silly. Privacy is a constitutional right -- so important that it's part of the original Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments). To state that the desire to MAINTAIN your right to privacy means you have ill intent to "do wrong" (whatever the hell THAT means) is saying that nobody has any rights whatsoever -- since whatever is "granted" is as easily revocable and ostensibly temporary.

    Furthermore, what constitutes "wrong"? Who's the judge? It's a moral characterization to actions of an inalienable right afforded by our founding fathers. Your statements simply don't make sense.

  7. Game the system ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Just game the system. I've started typing random shit in gmail before I do anything ... let 'em see lots of false positives.

    You know, I'm glad nobody KILLED OBAMA. Durka durka, mohammed jihad. Monsanto sucks. Bush was a simpleton. Death to American cheese.

    Gotta go, someone's at the door ...

    1. Re:Game the system ... by mapsjanhere · · Score: 5, Funny

      Close. Just copy nsa.gov on every email you send. It's just courtesy, not a DDoS, and not our fault if their servers can't handle it.

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
  8. Re: Can't have it all. by JockTroll · · Score: 4, Funny

    I DO want it all. I want it all. I want it all. I want it all. And I want it NOW!

    --
    Geeks are so full of shit that "beating the crap out of them" takes a whole new meaning.
  9. Lol by lightknight · · Score: 5, Insightful

    As with all things, assume that your communications are going to be monitored, whether electronic or not. I know, I know, it's not the answer you want; but the truth is...we put innocent people to death. If we are willing to do that, and not tear down our societies in an act of grief over the loss of a single innocent life, looking deeply within and without as to how or why we allowed this to happen, and how we can prevent it from ever happening again, then caring about protecting your privacy from the monsters waiting outside your door is the wrong approach. You're fighting Evil himself, and he aims to win by any means; if putting a gun to the head of one your children's heads to get you to decrypt your hard drive is what it takes, then he will do it, no hesitation.

    --
    I am John Hurt.
  10. Re: Can't have it all. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Actually, privacy isn't mentioned in the Bill of Rights at all. It has been inferred though not explicitly mentioned.

  11. Re:Can't have it all. by gstoddart · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Bottom line, you can't care about this, unless you do wrong or plan on doing wrong.

    "If you give me six lines written by the hand of the most honest of men, I will find something in them which will hang him." Cardinal Richelieu.

    See, when your government spies on everything you do, sooner or later someone will come along and decide that since they already have this information, they can use it for other things.

    If you don't grasp this, I suggest you read more about Joseph McCarthy -- America is entirely capable of political persecution as any other government.

    Bottom line, with your attitude, you deserve to be dragged off in the night, because you're part of the problem with the complacency and people not seeing what's really wrong here. That's kinda how I see it.

    Since you're not part of the solution, you are the problem.

    Twenty years ago, the US would make jokes about "papers please" and the Soviets. Now, that's just normal routine.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  12. Easy by Sparticus789 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Live in a cabin in the mountains that is over 100 miles from the nearest cell phone tower. Also ensure that you have top cover so satellite surveillance cannot see your house. Add enough insulating material (dirt would be easiest) above your cabin so that there is little/no thermal footprint. And never leave your new found cabin, since cars and feet all leave tracks.

    --
    sudo make me a sandwich
    1. Re:Easy by Black+Parrot · · Score: 5, Funny

      Live in a cabin in the mountains that is over 100 miles from the nearest cell phone tower. Also ensure that you have top cover so satellite surveillance cannot see your house. Add enough insulating material (dirt would be easiest) above your cabin so that there is little/no thermal footprint. And never leave your new found cabin, since cars and feet all leave tracks.

      I cover my footprints with aluminum foil, so the satellites and drones can't spot them.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
  13. Re: Can't have it all. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Your an idiot.

    /facepalm

  14. Re:Can't have it all. by 1s44c · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The old 'if you are innocent you have nothing to fear' argument. I thought that one went out of fashion when the German Jews realized that being innocent is no defense again tyrants.

  15. Why the hell are people accepting this? by Capt.DrumkenBum · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This is the kind of crap that was held up as examples of why communist countries were so much worse than the US.
    People, the government is supposed to work for you, not the other way around.

    --
    If I were God, wouldn't I protect my churches from acts of me?
    1. Re:Why the hell are people accepting this? by Black+Parrot · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This is the kind of crap that was held up as examples of why communist countries were so much worse than the US.

      People, the government is supposed to work for you, not the other way around.

      How many times in the last 12 years have you heard "the President's job is to keep us safe"?

      How many times in the last 12 years have you heard "the President's job is to keep us free"?

      Most people vote for low taxes, baseball stadiums, security theater, and enforcing their values on everyone else. Freedom and privacy get trumped by too many of those things.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    2. Re:Why the hell are people accepting this? by Capt.DrumkenBum · · Score: 5, Informative

      According to wikipedia, in 2001 a total of 3547 people died in terrorist attacks. Worst year on record.
      According to wikipedia, in 2001 in the US 42,196 people died in traffic accidents.
      According to Wikipedia in 2001 (A crappy graph) approximately 8000 people were killed with handguns in the US.

      Someone tell me why the threat of terrorism gets so much attention.

      --
      If I were God, wouldn't I protect my churches from acts of me?
    3. Re:Why the hell are people accepting this? by meta-monkey · · Score: 5, Insightful

      They are. Why else are they recording everything you do?

      Remember, Snowden has committed "treason." Treason means he gave aid and comfort to an enemy of The United States. The jihadists already knew they were being watched. Only the American people didn't. What enemy, exactly, did he give aid and comfort to?

      --
      We don't have a state-run media we have a media-run state.
  16. Fighting the impossible fight. by Dputiger · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The problem with heavily encrypted solutions is that they rely on human perfection. There was a story a few months back about Sabu. He eluded the FBI for months until, in a hotel room, he made the mistake of logging into IRC without using Tor first.

    That was all it took. One non-Tor login, and the FBI had him.

    Human beings are not designed for constant watchfulness. We make mistakes. We screw up. Even if *you* stay perfect, the person or persons you're communicating with may not, and if the FBI or NSA wants the details of what you're talking about, they can "break" the encryption at either end of the conversation. Maybe they can't find you -- but if they find the people you're talking to, they can still grab the info.

    I'm not saying that all security is useless, or that there's no benefit to raising the bar. My point is that the solution to this is to *stop spying.* Because, in the long run, almost everyone screws up.

    1. Re:Fighting the impossible fight. by meta-monkey · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Exactly. We weren't secure in our homes because we had unbreakdownable doors, and we weren't secure in our papers because papercuts were too ouchy. We were secure(ish) because the constitution forbade the government from spying on us, and those who did so would be...I don't know, embarrassed?

      Now that's not the case. It's not secret spying anymore. It's routine, obvious, and "perfectly legal!"

      And worse, the storing. The perpetual storage. Never forgetting, always searchable. What you say today innocently will hang you tomorrow (and justly and legally at that!).

      CNN is making jokes by writing about the "Obama reads your email" meme. I wish Obama just read my email. It's boring. But it's not Obama reading my email that kept me awake last night. It was the endless rows of computers, parsing, sifting, correlating, profiling, and storing, forever. And with every record they can "buy" from every corporation.

      But at least they can't read my physical, printed papers without a warrant, eh? I feel so secure. Thanks, National Security Administration. You've done your job well, and a grateful nation salu^H^H^H^Hbows to you.

      --
      We don't have a state-run media we have a media-run state.
  17. Re:Can't have it all. by gmuslera · · Score: 4, Informative

    Is not their problem if you feel that you don't have anything to hide. You could be committing 3 felonies a day without being aware of it. Anything that you did in your past could be used against you, even if not a matter of national security, or against some friend to frame you if they think you did something wrong. And could be in your side to prove that you are innocent, something that could be costly if even possible.

    And not forget that the **AA are in bed with them, the wrong you did could be having a background music in the video you took in a birthday party or that silly theme that you were singing with your friends when drunk.

    Don't think just in the present, and your precarious today's safety, Things will change. And for worse.

  18. Re:Can't have it all. by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Those who worry are usually those who have something to hide or something criminal in the works.. Bottom line, you can't care about this, unless you do wrong or plan on doing wrong. That's kinda how I see it.

    Security concerns are not about common people, or even criminals being tracked. It's aboud political opposition being tracked.

    Snowden said he could listen in on conversations of anyone he wanted, including powerful people, and proceeded to do so as a test. No one came to get him for doing so without a warrant.

    Among hundreds, maybe thousands of agents, it's trivial to insert an operative to listen to opposition.

    He says he has data ready to release in case he's arrested. I hope it includes embarrasing conversations of said powerful people. Maybe then these jackasses will wake up.

    All people want is a system design that tracks and records everything the government does, as it tracks and records everyhing we do, from Twitterers to opposition discussing political planning.

    That currently does not exist.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  19. Re:Can't have it all. by Mysticalfruit · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'll presume that you're a troll but you drag out the age old "If you've got nothing to hide... argument"
    Here are a couple of issues with this argument.

    1. Retroactive violation of new laws:
    Let's imagine that you're a smoker and that you smoke in your house. The government could pass a law saying "Smoking is not allowed inside any building. Anyone caught must pay a $500 fine." They can now either go back and look at their surveillance data and retroactively charge you for smoking in your house in the past or they can put you on a list of people to watch and then catch you smoking in your house.

    2. If this is your stance that you have nothing to hide.... I presume that you don't have shades. Why don't you post your credit card statement on your front door for your neighbors to inspect "Hey, you've got nothing to hide". In fact let's make your browsing history completely public. How about your health records?

    You may nothing to hide but I suspect you're also not eager to share your personal details with the world.

    --
    Yes Francis, the world has gone crazy.
  20. Stop paying the NSA by holophrastic · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So let me get this straight. You've got a military that spends trillions of dollars. You've got eight national defence organizations screwing with your own citizens. And a) you think that you can dodge an organization that has spent that many dollars purely to find you, and b) you think that you don't have a cultural problem?

    Where do you think all of those funds come from? For every tax dollar that you spend, how much goes to military, para-military, and anti-crime organizations? How much of it winds up in actual crime? Are you spending more on anti-crime than you would on crime in the first place?

    Maybe you should solve the actual problem. Maybe you should start electing officials who spend your money on things that you like, instead of things that you dislike. I can't vote for you.

    And correct me if I'm wrong -- you see, my country earned its independence by asking nicely -- doesn't your country believe in violently fighting your own government to break free of restrictions to your freedoms? Have you forgotten how to do that? Your right to fight would seem to be the only freedom for which you do fight, and then you don't use that right to protect your other freedoms.

    One of these days, you'll wake up to realize that you've kept the right, but eliminated the opportunity. What good is the right to bear arms when you can't get away with using it?

    1. Re:Stop paying the NSA by EvilSS · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think the problem, and I find this truly astonishing, is most people here don't seem to care! The only reason to keep the items recently leaked secret is to prevent public outcry over them. Same with classifying the numbers for these programs. Any terrorist smarter than a bag of rocks would have already assumed that we have the capabilities that we found out about last week. They are not that big of a stretch to imagine.

      My fear is now that it's out and the majority of people either don't care or outright support it, we have reset their expectation of what people will go along with and, thus, what they can get away with in secret.

      --
      I browse on +1 so AC's need not respond, I won't see it.
  21. Re: Can't have it all. by PetiePooo · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Wrong, wrong, wrong! And wrong!

    It's a common fallacy spouted by those who foist surveillance on us. See here, here, or any other of the many hits when you search for privacy "nothing to hide"

    It goes right along with the "privacy and security are mutually exclusive" fallacy.

    People like you that are trading your long-term liberty and privacy for a current sense of security are going to rue this day eventually. These essential freedoms need constant vigilance. Many of our forefathers died defending them. They're rolling in their graves now seeing how so many are nonchalantly pissing them away.

    Here's your homework. Go read the Constitution of the United States of America. No, really. Read it line by line and understand why some say it's the most important and influential document created in the last 1000 years.

  22. This is Stupid by Rob+Riggs · · Score: 4, Interesting

    None of those things will help you. To the NSA, the content of your email may be less important than with whom you are communicating. Yes, the care about the content of some emails, but their dragnet appears to be for network analysis -- sender, recipients, date, time, etc. The NSA almost certainly catalogs every DNS lookup you do. This is the stuff that is erroneously being referred to as metadata.

    One possibly surprising way to keep your communications private is to read/post your communications to a very public forum. That way the intended recipient is difficult to determine. Keep the communication slightly covert -- a little steganography goes a long way if you can fly under the radar. Just don't trust others with your privacy.

    Our rights are inalienable -- but only if we use them.

    --
    the growth in cynicism and rebellion has not been without cause
  23. Re:Can't have it all. by Frobnicator · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This presupposes that privacy is a right, rather than a privilege.

    This is part of the reasons we have so many problems with government. At the time the US government was formed the premise was:

    The people have all the rights; the government has no rights at all, except those granted by the people through the constitution.

    For most people today the belief similar, except they swap people and government.

    --
    //TODO: Think of witty sig statement
  24. Dragging the usual dead horse out for a beating... by Medievalist · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Those who worry are usually those who have something to hide or something criminal in the works.. Bottom line, you can't care about this, unless you do wrong or plan on doing wrong. That's kinda how I see it.

    Nope. You don't see it at all. Because illegal is not a synonym for wrong .

    Over 2000 years ago, Sun Tzu pointed out that when the laws imposed by the rulers are aligned with the customs and ethics of the people, societies are prosperous and resistant to crime, war and rebellion. When the rulers lose the way, as the corporate overlords of the USA have, the people become unhappy and the society becomes progressively more fragile over time. Eventually a neighbor invades or a province revolts and the rulers are replaced, because nobody's willing to die to protect them anymore.

  25. Re: Can't have it all. by GLMDesigns · · Score: 5, Insightful
    The word "privacy" isn't used but please reread the 4th Amendment:

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

    Tell me if this isn't a more exact definition of privacy than simply stating: "People have a right to privacy."

    --
    If you're scared of your govt then you need to further restrict its powers
    Vote 3rd Party in 2016 and beyond
  26. 4th amendment - general warrants by wytcld · · Score: 4, Informative

    The 4th's ban ban on general warrants (that's what it means when it mentions "warrants" in its historical context) strongly implies a privacy right. General warrants were authorization from the crown for its agents to search any person or premises they desired to, blanket authorization. The 4th amendment bans that. The government has to have specific cause, evidence already at hand related to a specific person or premise, to search at all.

    That the government in general has no right to search means by very strong implication that you have the right to the privacy which results. What else is it but your privacy that the 4th amendment says the government can't intrude on? It's nonsense not to find a right to privacy as a necessary implication of our constitutional protection from general warrants.

    --
    "with their freedom lost all virtue lose" - Milton
  27. Re:seriously by Fjandr · · Score: 4, Informative

    Most people aren't concerned about the NSA looking at them right now. They're concerned about how this data may be used in the future should they suddenly find themselves with an administration which has a problem with their views on issue X and now has the means to identify all the people who have those particular views on issue X.

  28. Re:Can't have it all. by dcollins · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This kind of argument re: "the person watching will be bored/frustrated" may have worked circa 1948, but nowadays computers can do the work. When there's something useful then the computer signals it. No muss, no fuss. I'm always stunned by how many people refuse to get into the 21st century with their thinking on this issue.

    --
    We know where leadership by an anti-intellectual "strongman" who scapegoats minorities and likes boisterous rallies goes