Slashdot Mirror


China Says Serious Polluters Will Get the Death Penalty

formaggio writes "According to the Xinhua News Agency, the Chinese government is now allowing courts to punish those who commit environment crimes with the death penalty. The new judicial interpretation comes in the wake of several serious environmental problems that have hit the country over the last few months, including dangerous levels of air pollution, a river full of dead pigs, and other development projects that have imperiled public health."

48 of 260 comments (clear)

  1. Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Good. About time someone did this.

    1. Re:Good by anubi · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I know this is pure troll, but if anyone on this planet is in dire need of a throttle on resource consumption, it ain't the Chinese.

      I am so disgusted with the immense amounts of waste we make - right here in the "good ole' USA". I find it amazing the world tolerates us. It seems all we do is consume and print our way our of our debt. I guess ( speaking as an unemployed engineer ), I am so pissed off that I try to make something that refrigerates more efficiently or lights a room better and I have no end of problems with the "people skills" needed to even get past the corporate firewall known as the "personnel department". I do not have the "certs" on some special language or CAD system they are looking for. They could seem to care less that I have a lifetime of experience working with the physics and thermodynamics of these things. Yet I see everyone fawning over some new fashion trend, sports hero, or teen idol.

      It annoys me greatly to see us buying all sorts of stuff, shoddily made, but looks pretty in its packaging, just for a one-time use to show off that we can afford it.

      I just about cried when I discovered during the oil crunch, my government was buying up "guzzler" SUV's and pouring sodium silicate in the engine to completely ruin it. These were still perfectly usable vehicles but our way, way, way overfunded governments can afford such waste. They did it to remove the chance some less fortunate individuals who did not drive much could buy them, keeping the prices high for retailers at taxpayer expense.

      Then, after paying out their taxpayer money to buy up existing serviceable vehicles just to dry up the supply of used vehicles to keep poor people from having any, then the governor appears on TV appealing for yet more sales taxes to support our educational system - and no one has the guts to tell the politicians that they had the money and they irresponsibly spent it and the funding for the schools will be deducted from the retirement/healthcare costs of the politicians who backed up the irresponsible spending ( in lieu of jail time for abrogation of fiduciary duty on public funds ).

      And we think the Chinese are bad? I think we are worse, much worse, but conniving.

      --
      "Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." [KJV: I Thessalonians 5:21]

  2. This will only be enforced when convenient. by mark-t · · Score: 5, Insightful

    [nt]

  3. Ironic by slashmydots · · Score: 5, Funny

    Boy, I sure hope they catch and kill the worst pollution offender in the entire country: the Chinese government.

  4. Communist China by Pagey123 · · Score: 5, Funny

    In Communist China, pollution kills you (literally)!

  5. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by im_thatoneguy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I don't know. If you have the death penalty I can see pollution being a worthy offense. If you dump toxic waste into the drinking water and dozens get sick and die of cancer-- how is that any different from murder.

    Good for China. Here in the US we would just fine them a few million... they would shift their assets to a sub division... sell that to themselves and declare bankruptcy without paying a dime. Then keep on doing what they were doing until they got caught the next time.

  6. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by X0563511 · · Score: 5, Informative

    This isn't saying you are executed for littering. This looks to be establishing the maximal punishment.

    Think more along the lines of "knowingly poisoning hundreds of thousands of people."

    --
    For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
  7. They Can't Even Hand Out Fines Effectively by eldavojohn · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The Chinese can't even effectively fine polluters and now there's talk of capital punishment for polluting? What next? Decimate school children when their class average isn't up to par because the instructor's scolding has no effect?

    There are several key problems here that are the real underlying problems: 1) the Chinese government is not unified in their vision of the environment and I'm talking differences spanning across provincial & federal levels as well as between federal ministries. 2) they collectively refuse to accept that their abuse of natural resources is part of their winning equation against other capitalist nation states and, as a consequence, no one can talk about how this will hurt their bottom line even though several parts of the government realize it (we pay them to import our pollution). 3) there is widespread corruption at all levels which is why fining is ineffective -- it's so bad that I'm sure if capital punishment is meted out, it will be given to the fork lift operator who dumped those pig carcasses in the river after his supervisor told him to "make them disappear or you'll disappear." No one up the chain will be held accountable and if they are, they need only grease some local wheels and they can consider themselves shielded.

    It's disgusting and it's why I tell people where they can shove it when they complain that the EPA is destroying jobs. It's not perfect but we have to cling to things that kind of work when so many other "solutions" are abysmal failures.

    The Chinese government is threatening to kill polluters but they can't see that they're part of and dependent on and benefiting from a system of habitual polluting. Increasing the impact of the punishment is a poor and maybe even more detrimental substitution for actually bringing to justice the true criminals up and down their ranks.

    --
    My work here is dung.
  8. A whole lot of crimes need stiffer sentences by Karmashock · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Not just environmental stuff. What about the wallstreet guys that stole or in some cases hundreds of millions of dollars.

    Death penalty. Think about it like this.... that is the life savings of how many people? Guy robs a liquor store for 100 dollars and gets 20 years. Guy that steals 100 million gets 5 years in a minimum security prison.

    Many cases of fraud, theft, vandalism, etc need to carry stiffer sentences. While of course other sentences need to be reduced radically. All the drug related crimes need to be looked again. Consensual adults and all that.

    --
    I've decided to stop wasting my time responding to AC trolls/sockpuppets... so if you want a response from me... login.
    1. Re:A whole lot of crimes need stiffer sentences by GiganticLyingMouth · · Score: 2

      vandalism? So you think some kid doing graffiti should get a harsher penalty? I live in downtown LA and much of the graffiti here is quite artistic and adds value to its surroundings. I can agree with you that white collar crime should carry harsher penalties, but vandalism? Really?

    2. Re:A whole lot of crimes need stiffer sentences by kiite · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Holy bad example, Batman! A guy who robs a liquor store for $100 doesn't get 20 years for stealing $100. He gets 20 years for pointing a gun at the liquor store attendant and threatening his life for personal gain. Possibly as a repeat offender.

      What a lot of commenters don't seem to get is that the sort of pollution that hardcore offenders engage in over there often results in human deaths. So the potential for punishment is merely being brought in line with the crime. You won't deter serious polluters with a fine.

      That said, sure, many crimes are not proportional to their sentences. No news here. While we're making improbable demands, i think the act of spitting chewing gum on the street or sidewalk should be treated as vandalism, and enforced accordingly.

  9. Re:It says "environmental crimes" by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Nah, this will be reserved for people who do not have sufficient political connections...or more likely for people who fall out of favor with the political powers that be.

    --
    The truth is that all men having power ought to be mistrusted. James Madison
  10. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Intropy · · Score: 4, Informative

    That scenario really isn't different from murder. In the US you could be tried for second degree murder for something like that.

  11. Eh what's the point when decisions are made. by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2, Interesting

    China is saving more lives abandoning communism and heavy socialism, as we are witnessing. Would that the west keep that in mind as it rockets in the wrong direction, living off past glories of economic freedom.

    Murder people? You've gotta be kidding. There's a reason you don't execute rapists or failed attempted murderers -- "If you're gonna be exected anyway, well, dead women tell no tales."

    Presumably dead inspectors tell no tales, either. :(

    By the way, if your impulse to the OP is "Good!", you habe serious problems, wanting to murder political opposition. Eh, these people are in favor of censorship, so it's not surprising.

    Go ahead. Censor me because you don't like being accused of having a desire to censor people who claim you like censoring.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  12. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2

    "Seriously, China? WTF. Going back to medieval values here? Executing people for pollution?"

    What do you mean, "back to"??? They never left.

    One of the reasons I do not care to do business with China.

  13. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Half-pint+HAL · · Score: 4, Interesting

    ...off with your head!

    Seriously, China? WTF. Going back to medieval values here? Executing people for pollution?

    They should be punished, but death is a bit much.

    Yeah, the death penalty should be reserved for angry guys who stab one person with a knife. The civilised punishment for poisoning the water drunk by thousands of people is a slap on the wrist and a fine that looks large to newpaper readers but causes no material harm to the perpetrator....

    --
    Got them moderator blues I blieve I walk out the do', With these mod-points I been gettin', I 'most never post no mo'
  14. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If you accept the legitimacy of the death penalty(obviously, if you don't, that's another story, and you aren't likely to approve of it for this purpose, or any other) serious pollution is actually highly logical:

    The death penalty is usually assessed in cases of murder(esp. premeditated) or grievous bodily harm(especially premeditated or particularly gruesome in some way).

    Well, guess what? Serious pollution is usually called 'serious' because it does, albeit at some epidemiological remove, cause some mixture of death and serious chronic health impairment, sometimes also nasty birth defects and the like.

    It doesn't have the emotional punch of a nice juicy murder or a photogenic teenager getting raped or something; but pollution is a totally logical thing to punish by death(if you accept the traditional uses of the death penalty). Probably even better, in fact, because polluters are highly likely to be committing their crimes out of pure greed, not out of fear, passion, or other possible-to-rehabilitate/unlikely to reoffend motive.

  15. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by triffid_98 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Even if that were true, this law is 100% effective at preventing repeat offenders.

  16. Good? More like "Good Luck" by Penguinisto · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I seriously doubt it will be implemented against any company or person that is sufficiently connected to the PRC government - this list would include pretty much every existing big company HQ'd in China.

    Now potential competitors to the aforementioned companies, and anyone who the PRC government doesn't like? Oh hell yes it'll be implemented - even if the offender has to get a little governmental 'assistance' in generating pollution sufficient to warrant execution.

    --
    Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
    1. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by jbeaupre · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Connected with who in the PRC?

      China is not immune to politics. Being aligned with the wrong person at the wrong time, you can end up being made a high profile example.

      --
      The world is made by those who show up for the job.
    2. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Great, another factual anti-china post.

      Hey, has anyone went to jail for that Financial meltdown yet? Hopefully their connections did not come into play.

    3. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

      China is not immune to politics. Being aligned with the wrong person at the wrong time, you can end up being made a high profile example.

      Exactly. This is the whole point of the legislation. Now they can use "pollution" as an excuse to purge political enemies, while claiming to be "tough" on the environment.

      Excessively harsh penalties tend to be counter-productive because they are almost never carried out, thus resulting in a culture of impunity. A $5 fine for littering would be far more effective.

    4. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by Luckyo · · Score: 4, Interesting

      This isn't about littering. This is about high level leadership making choices for quick profit over sustainable methods. Historically and criminologically the only place that severe punishments ever worked has been at that level, because at that level people spend significant amount of consideration about risk/reward ratio.

      It's the same reason why tough penalties don't work for petty crime or desperate people - they do not perform same evaluations with anywhere near the same seriousness or effort.

    5. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by femtobyte · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Excessively harsh penalties tend to be counter-productive because they are almost never carried out

      Tell that to the people China executed over industrial-scale adulteration of milk with melamine in 2008:

      A number of criminal prosecutions occurred, with two people being executed, another given a suspended death penalty, three others receiving life imprisonment, two receiving 15-year jail terms,[6] and seven local government officials, as well as the Director of the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) being fired or forced to resign.

      (from Wikipedia)

      Just because the government of our Megacorporate States of America would never dream about enforcing substantial penalties against our industrialist overlords for mass-murdering in the name of profit, doesn't mean China won't.

    6. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by PraiseBob · · Score: 4, Informative

      Freakanomics did a great study on the effectiveness of fines that seems especially relevant to your comment: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/15/books/chapters/0515-1st-levitt.html

    7. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by femtobyte · · Score: 2

      The punishments included life imprisonment for Tian Wenhua (former chairwoman of Sanlu Group), and 15 years imprisonment for Wang Yuliang (former executive of Sanlu) --- so, I'd say the punishment reached even the powerful on top (not just going after a few low-level employees while letting the executives get off with slap-on-the-wrist fines).

    8. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by WOOFYGOOFY · · Score: 4, Interesting

      No. Our court system doesn't have the capacity to individually prosecute all the loan officers who systematically lied to people in order to induce them to assume levels of debt and then walked away from what they had done.

      No. Our court system doesn't have the capacity to individually prosecute all the bankers who systematically sold securities they knew would crash to people in order to induce them and then walked away from what they had done.

      No. Our court system doesn't have the capacity to individually prosecute all the coke snorting analysts and traders who cooked up a complicated system of CDO and derivatives and pretended to understand same, all the while demanding to be free from regulation and which later took the whole economy down , the only repercussion that they got bailed out, doubled down on their bonuses and walked away from what they had done.

      No. Our court system doesn't have the capacity to individually prosecute all the degenerate economists and lobbyists whose "free market" deregulatory theories of non-reality paved the grounds for the entire meltdown but who took no responsibility and walked away from what they had done.

      FTFY

      Ayn Rand was a amphetamine addicted speed freak who was sexually aroused by stories of rapists, child molesters and murders.

      http://www.firstthings.com/blogs/firstthoughts/2010/08/02/ayn-rand%E2%80%99s-superman-a-serial-killer-and-rapist/

      http://www.athenstalks.com/ayn-rands-role-model-her-new-society-child-rapist-and-murderer

      And those who fo9llow her are more of the same- antisocial personality disorders dressing themselves up as "philosophers"

    9. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by RabidReindeer · · Score: 2

      Excessively harsh penalties tend to be counter-productive because they are almost never carried out

      Tell that to the people China executed over industrial-scale adulteration of milk with melamine in 2008:

      A number of criminal prosecutions occurred, with two people being executed, another given a suspended death penalty, three others receiving life imprisonment, two receiving 15-year jail terms,[6] and seven local government officials, as well as the Director of the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) being fired or forced to resign.

      (from Wikipedia)

      Just because the government of our Megacorporate States of America would never dream about enforcing substantial penalties against our industrialist overlords for mass-murdering in the name of profit, doesn't mean China won't.

      Sad, isn't it? The people of the Communist People's Republic of China are more likely to get justice than the people of the morally upright USA. It may be a ragged and uneven justice, since with the right friends, offenders will often go scot-free, but occasionally they're going to crucify someone.

      In the US, offenders may in extreme cases pay a small (cost of doing business) fine, but they'll never have to worry about accounting for their actions with their lives.

    10. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by dog77 · · Score: 2

      Should we start with Bill Clinton?

      In 1993 President Bill Clinton made changes to the Community Reinvestment Act to make mortgages more obtainable for lower and lower-middle class families. In 1998 the Federal Bank of Boston issued a report entitled “Closing the Gap: A Guide to Equal Opportunity Lending." The 30 page document was intended to serve as a guide to loan officers to help curb discriminatory lending [10] "Closing the Gap," instructs banks to hire based upon diversity needs, sweeten the compensation structure for working with lower income applicants, encourages shifting high risk, low income applications to the sub prime market, by saying "the secondary market [Subprime Market] is willing to consider ratios above the standard 28/36," and "Lack of credit history should not be seen as a negative factor."

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination

    11. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by ADRA · · Score: 2

      Visit Singapore and say that again (if you haven't been arrested mind you).

      --
      Bye!
    12. Re:Good? More like "Good Luck" by anubi · · Score: 2

      Its hard - very hard - not to follow orders when your paycheck ( and in China, maybe your life ) depends on it.

      Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychology student, did a lot of research on obedience in a widely published study known as "Obedience to Authority". This book was recommended to me by some professors at the college I was attending when I mentioned I was having some problems with dealing with leadership types.

      Our whole society is built on following orders - especially in the military, business, and religious groups. Failure to comply results in being ostracized. Being as social as we are, that is a very strong motivator. When one is subordinate, being tasked with an order from an authority, personal responsibility ( and the common sense that goes with it ) is tossed.

      We can go after order-followers if we can insulate them from the retaliation of their leader for their failure to follow orders. If we too weak to be able to shield them from the wrath of their leader, we have little business asking such a thing from them. .

      --
      "Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." [KJV: I Thessalonians 5:21]

  17. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Penguinisto · · Score: 2

    I don't know. If you have the death penalty I can see pollution being a worthy offense.

    So who do you execute, then? The entire board of directors, the guy(s) that did it directly, or all of them?

    --
    Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
  18. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by idunham · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So who do you execute, then? The entire board of directors, the guy(s) that did it directly, or all of them?

    Whoever you feel like. Including the fellow who happens to have not been involved, but can't pull the strings to get out.

  19. Astute Summation of China by Phoenix666 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I second this. I spend a good portion of graduate school in Beijing and Manchuria, and you hit the nail on the head. The only people who will pay the price for pollution are the dumb schmucks whose guanxi is not powerful enough to shield them from scapegoating.

    --
    Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.
  20. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Scutter · · Score: 2

    I think you don't know what "deterrent" means. Otherwise, your comment suggests that everyone should be preemptively executed just in case they might pollute. The idea of a deterrent punishment is that a potential criminal will consider the consequence of getting caught (death, in this case), but even in countries that still have the death penalty it's been shown over and over that it doesn't lower the incidents of that crime. Furthermore, the potential for executing an innocent person is a non-zero percentage. The risk of doing so is not worth the arguably dubious reward of lowering crime.

    --

    "Tell me doctor, with all of your defenses, are there any provisions for an attack by killer bees?"
  21. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I don't know. If you have the death penalty I can see pollution being a worthy offense. If you dump toxic waste into the drinking water and dozens get sick and die of cancer-- how is that any different from murder.

    Good for China. Here in the US we would just fine them a few million... they would shift their assets to a sub division... sell that to themselves and declare bankruptcy without paying a dime. Then keep on doing what they were doing until they got caught the next time.

    I don't believe in the death penalty, but I see the logic, it's in effect attempted murder in severe cases (or actual murder). Several coal mining companies have commited what amounts to manslaughter in the US.

  22. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by ionymous · · Score: 5, Funny

    Well, I can only speak for myself. If I were executed for a crime, I would definitely think twice before committing that crime again. It's just not worth it.

  23. Too much by PPH · · Score: 3, Funny

    A prison sentence is sufficient. With a bread and water diet.

    Guess where we got the water.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  24. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Zapotek · · Score: 2

    There is no legitimacy to the death penalty for the very simple reason of abuse or just fair mistake or freak coincidence. The fact that people trust the chain of government, law-enforcement, forensic investigators, prosecutors, witnesses, jury as input for enforcing an irrevocable and terminal punishment such as the death penalty is baffling. There's so much that can (and does, and will continue to) go wrong there that the death penalty is just an overall dumb idea.

    If someone tries to seriously harm you then shoot that son of a bitch dead but passing the same authority to a bureaucracy... I don't know what to say to that.

  25. Re:It says "environmental crimes" by MozeeToby · · Score: 2

    Yes, but a high profile enough environmental disaster will cause people to fall out of favor. Look at the tainted infant formula, you think that CEO got where he was without connections? It comes out that he allowed "bad thing" to happen, bad enough that it made China and the Chinese leadership look bad and he's tried and executed in a matter of weeks. The thing about buying politicians is that they don't stay bought, especially if your baggage suddenly costs more than your bribe.

  26. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Nyder · · Score: 5, Funny

    I don't know. If you have the death penalty I can see pollution being a worthy offense.

    So who do you execute, then? The entire board of directors, the guy(s) that did it directly, or all of them?

    Start with the lawyers.

    --
    Be seeing you...
  27. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by evilviper · · Score: 2

    If I were executed for a crime, I would definitely think twice before committing that crime again.

    That's not deterrence, that's recidivism. Different words, for different issues.

    --
    Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
  28. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by evilviper · · Score: 2

    The civilised punishment for poisoning the water drunk by thousands of people is a slap on the wrist and a fine that looks large to newpaper readers but causes no material harm to the perpetrator....

    Right, because life in prison is too lenient, and there's nothing in-between a slap on the wrist and the death-penalty.

    --
    Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
  29. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Mordok-DestroyerOfWo · · Score: 2

    Wrong dude, this is something every liberal green freak can believe in trust me. Go global warming do goobers.

    Aww...somebody got lost on the way to Fox News.

    --
    "Never let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right" - Salvor Hardin
  30. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by ionymous · · Score: 2

    Well ok Mr. Dictionary... as long as you agree that I would think twice AFTER I was executed. WTF???

  31. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2

    You know, serious criminals are usually convinced they never will get caught. If you don't expect to get caught, why should the question what happens to you in that case bother you?

    If you believe you can fly, you'll have no reason not to jump out of the window in the 100th floor. Certainly not the warning of the bad things that happen to you when you hit the ground.

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  32. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by Artifakt · · Score: 3, Informative

    There is no almost certain chance it will never actually happen. Over 3/4 of people sentenced to death row are actually executed eventually. Most criminals newly arrived on death row rate their chances of eventually being executed at less than 1%, despite the actually figures.
                    The typical person who gets the death penalty in the US has great difficulty imagining they will still be the same person in six months, let alone 20 years. More than a third of them can't pass the tests used to see if fifth graders are learning to project long term consequences as far as the month level. A t least half typically have little to no ability to empathize with anyone not very like them in race, gender, age, and even accent. By some studies, up to 60% of them have a mental health history involving incidents of psychosis. By others, over half were abusing a psychoactive drug at the time of the offense.
                    If you want to deter them with the death penalty, you need the time from the actual comission of a crime to execution, to be less than two weeks, with all appeals. You need to show them somebody sufficiently like them being executed, within two weeks of the time they consider a death penalty crime of their own, and what you show them needs to be substantially for the same crime, as in, they won't shoot the clerk at the all night gas station, if they have seen a man who looks like them shoot a victim who looks like that clerk,in a similar setting, at night, for similar reasons, and then be given the death penalty for it. Show them a realistic dramatization of the crime and follow it immediately with showing the actual execution, and you have a good chance of deterring them from committing that particular style of crime for a few weeks to a few months. show them something with differences, including ones you probably think should make no difference, and that chance drops.
                      I don't really want to live in a nation where we have to televise 10 executions a week to cover all the possible combinations, and always sentence somebody within a week of the crime so that we have a week to squeeze in the appeals and actual execution. I don't think that's a workable deterrent. Considering that the time for deterrence basically is between the crime and the execution, not from arrest to execution, deterrence sounds like it just can't work with the typical subject.

    A good starting source: http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/CunninghamDeathRowReview.pdf

            For the mental ability assessment and mental state portions, try starting about page 198.

    --
    Who is John Cabal?
  33. Re:Thou hast angered thy King by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

    In that case, it's at least 100% effective at preventing repeat scapegoats.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20