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When the NSA Shows Up At Your Internet Company

Frosty Piss writes "When people say the feds are monitoring what people are doing online, what does that mean? How does that work? When, and where, does it start? Pete Ashdown, CEO of XMission, an internet service provider in Utah, knows. He received a Foreign Intelligence Service Act (FISA) warrant in 2010 mandating he let the feds monitor one of his customers, through his facility. He also received a broad gag order. Says Mr. Ashdown, 'I would love to tell you all the details, but I did get the gag order... These programs that violate the Bill of Rights can continue because people can't go out and say, This my experience, this is what happened to me, and I don't think it is right.' In this article, Mr. Ashdown tells us about the equipment the NSA installed on his network, and what he thinks it did."

50 of 309 comments (clear)

  1. Tiny Utah-based ISP makes a name for itself. by auric_dude · · Score: 5, Informative

    The company, a comparative midget with just 30,000 subscribers, cited the Fourth Amendment in rebuffing warrantless requests from local, state and federal authorities, showing it was possible to resist official pressure says it all http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/09/xmission-isp-customers-privacy-nsa

    1. Re: Tiny Utah-based ISP makes a name for itself. by Penguinisto · · Score: 5, Informative

      Something to consider:

      I once worked for a company that used XMission's downtown SLC location as its colo location; excellent guys, and kick-ass service. That said, there's one other bit: a large number of their 30k customers are some rather large(-ish) corporations and companies - a few of whom have the ear of Sen. Orrin Hatch, among others in both state and federal government... not to mention (guessing this part, but given their location and name) they likely have a very strong hook into the LDS hierarchy.

      (By the by, XMission is one of the few (and IMO lucky) ISP's who provide for/with the UTOPIA fiber-to-home networks, and IIRC the only local/SLC-based one. )

      IOW, they're not just some tiny naive dial-up provider. If they didn't have a line to some heavy-hitters, I'd wager that they'd likely buckle to the demands out of sheer survival instinct, if for no other reason.

      --
      Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
    2. Re: Tiny Utah-based ISP makes a name for itself. by Garridan · · Score: 5, Informative

      I once worked for a company that used XMission's downtown SLC location as its colo location; excellent guys, and kick-ass service.

      I second this. My boss was a good friend of Pete's, and our site was hosted there. I got to hang out with Pete quite a bit, and he's a superb example of a human being. Moral, upstanding, and fair. XMission isn't just a 'tiny ISP', it's a long-proven company with a history of smashing success; rather than expand to a national then multinational power, it has kept sight of its core, takes care of its people, and focuses on offering the best product for its customers. This is the ISP after which all others should be modeled. Pete Ashdown for president!

    3. Re: Tiny Utah-based ISP makes a name for itself. by Behrooz · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I once worked for a company that used XMission's downtown SLC location as its colo location; excellent guys, and kick-ass service. That said, there's one other bit: a large number of their 30k customers are some rather large(-ish) corporations and companies - a few of whom have the ear of Sen. Orrin Hatch, among others in both state and federal government... not to mention (guessing this part, but given their location and name) they likely have a very strong hook into the LDS hierarchy.

      Really, it's even more impressive. Pete Ashdown ran as a Democrat against Orrin Hatch in the 2006 senate election. Lost, of course, but Hatch ended up spending close to five megabucks on the campaign, and Ashdown did better than anyone else has against Hatch in recent memory, despite Hatch's ridiculous campaign funding and stranglehold on Utah politics.

      Pete Ashdown is an impressively brave and principled individual, and it'd surprise me greatly if he even imagined any possible support from Hatch or the majority of the Church hierarchy in any civil liberties dispute with the feds. He's just a badass in general.

      --
      "We have to go forth and crush every world view that doesn't believe in tolerance and free speech." - David Brin
  2. Ethics versus Legality by girlintraining · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The NSA's corrupt and unethical activities have shown a bright light on the blackened and burned out husk of our ethics within the justice system. Which is to say, there really aren't any left to speak of.

    The law has absolutely nothing to do with right or wrong anymore. It's just a prescription for what is allowed and isn't, not whether you should or shouldn't. It's not unlike owning a gun; By itself, it's harmless. Put it someone's hands, and what they do with it can be catastrophic. Laws are just tools. It's what is done with them we need to look at.

    So far, I'm not encouraged by what I am seeing those tools used for. Perhaps its time to take them away, until they can learn to handle them responsibly.

    --
    #fuckbeta #iamslashdot #dicemustdie
    1. Re:Ethics versus Legality by gmuslera · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem with that law is it is meant for people, it depend on people to be honest, not wanting extra money, not being able to be blackmailed or social engineered, not falling into common human bias like the ones shown in the Stanford prison experiment. You maybe could manage to find a few people that could cope with that. But if you have up to up to 5 millon people to access that information (including 500k with top secret access that work at for profit contractors), then you are doing the equivalent of giving guns to all prison inmates and setting them free in all the big cities. You know that people will get killed, abused, robbed and so on with that action. So in the actual context, that law is legalized robbery with impunity.

    2. Re:Ethics versus Legality by girlintraining · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem with that law is it is meant for people, it depend on people to be honest, not wanting extra money, not being able to be blackmailed or social engineered, not falling into common human bias like the ones shown in the Stanford prison experiment.

      If people were honest, not greedy, and incapable of having any vices, and weren't stupid... there'd be no need for laws! The problem isn't the law, it's the people enforcing it. Think about the legal texts of old -- the Magna Carta. The Constitution. Hell, why not even throw in a few holy texts -- the Bible, Koran, etc. My point is a basic code of conduct took one book or less to draw the boundaries for most situations. Now, I don't want to discuss their relative merits, coz that'll take us to nasty flaming troll of doom land, it's just there to illustrate that the legal process doesn't have to be complex to be fairly complete.

      This extra complexity is meant to blunt the minds of its critics and enable people to operate under color of authority to do things that many of us consider unethical or immoral. And that is the problem. The judicial process no longer has any feedback mechanism -- no way of saying "good" or "bad". Laws are written, but rarely repealed. They have no expiration date. So the system grows more and more complex, and people's ethics and morality slowly erode. Slow enough, anyway, that it's not obvious to anyone what's happening... at least until most of it has been lost.

      --
      #fuckbeta #iamslashdot #dicemustdie
  3. Re:Hack the black box? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    You'd probably be charged with a wide range of crimes, like tampering with evidence, disrupting an investigation, espionage and wiretapping (because the NSA is authorized, but you aren't).

  4. Challenge the Gag Order by TemperedAlchemist · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Most gag order statutes have been voided for being unconstitutional.

    ---

    What the NSA is actually doing is blatantly ignoring our bill of rights. These gag orders are not legal because they are not constitutional, regardless of what the NSA insists.

    I would like them to see them -- and the court officials that go along with their little scheme, pay for their crimes against humanity (and yes, that's what it actually is). Hilarious that this organization has become the very monster it was created to destroy: a terrorist network.

    1. Re:Challenge the Gag Order by Rich0 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Most gag order statutes have been voided for being unconstitutional.

      Great, so all you have to do is go ahead and violate an order (publishing some single event that on its own is trivial), then watch the powers descend on you, take away all your stuff, and possibly lock you up as well. Then you can begin a 5-10 year court battle to get it all back, facing the risk of a long prison term the entire time. That battle will likely cause you to lose your job and waste away a good portion of your adult life.

      But yes, in the end there is a decent (but far from certain) chance that you will win. If so, you won't even get an apology - they'll just let you return to life with little more than the clothes on your back so that you can start saving what little you can for your retirement.

  5. Terminate contract instead? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    What if the contract had a clause that said services would be terminated with no notice and no explanation if we receive a lawful warrant to participate in monitoring said customer?

    Sort of canary?

    1. Re:Terminate contract instead? by bugnuts · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Contracts can't override a lawful order. My thought is that they might try to charge you with something, such as hindering an investigation.

      Maybe have the contract say something like "You will be charged $0.01/month if we are required to install monitoring gear" and have it show up on their bill. :)

    2. Re:Terminate contract instead? by auric_dude · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Some librarians (Jessamyn West and others) tried this sort of idea in attempts to warn users that FBI were prowling about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessamyn_West_(librarian)

    3. Re:Terminate contract instead? by icebike · · Score: 5, Interesting

      How would terminating a customer account violate a lawful order.

      Fisa order for customer Joe arrives.
      Joe's account immediately terminated.
      Fisa replied to with no such account exists.
      Joe calls up pissed. Receives Reply: read clause 24.65 of your contract.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    4. Re:Terminate contract instead? by silas_moeckel · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Basic boiler plate for legit (actual judge, actual crimes etc) warrants have a clause to keep the service active. They pay all expenses and reasonable fee's with a very loose definition of reasonable (billing out a jr techs $35 a hour time as $400 an hour was considered fairly cheap). It can be rather annoying had a dedicated server under scrutiny they had setup encrypted VPS's on the box with a spammer on one VPS that the client refused to turn off. It got bad enough that our up streams were complaining and had to get a letter and a conf call with the FBI case agent to get things settled (they were exploiting a 3 way session, spoofing the outbound packets and relaying the reply packets over a vpn to bypass our outbound spam filtering effectively just using out clean IP's).

      The specifics to this one look OK they had them host a server with a single connection to a span port for the web site in question. They only had access to what the provider sent them and would still have to break through any encryption. I've done similar for warrants on shared servers hundreds of times. Performing some digging related to servicing these I've found child porn etc hiding behind rather boring looking fronts.

      --
      No sir I dont like it.
    5. Re:Terminate contract instead? by icebike · · Score: 3, Informative

      Since the gag order is unconstitutional in the first place the feds would just let it go rather than risk a loss in court.

      There are already companies that offer cloud storage that has customer side encryption that prevents them from honoring a nsa letter or a search warrant. So writing such a contract is not illegal. See SpiderOak.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    6. Re:Terminate contract instead? by AK+Marc · · Score: 4, Informative

      That would violate the order as well. I've not got the law committed to memory, but "tipping off" the subject is illegal, no matter how you tip them off. So a billing change would be illegal. Terminating the service on receipt of an order to tap wouldn't tip them off of tapping, but prevent it. That may get you an obstruction charge. Or not. I'm not a lawyer, just an expert in designing and implementing lawful intercept.

    7. Re:Terminate contract instead? by tftp · · Score: 3, Informative

      Those companies are not refusing to cooperate, and they are not circumventing the order. They deliver what they are asked to deliver; too bad that it's zero bits - and here is why...

      But the proposed solution would be an obvious obstruction of justice, and any first minute law student can tell why - because you chose to terminate the service instead of following lawful instructions from the court. Hello, conspiracy charges.

    8. Re:Terminate contract instead? by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The gag order isn't unconstitutional...yet.

      Unless you're willing to be the guinea pig who runs it through to the SCOTUS, it's perfectly 'legal' until SCOTUS says otherwise.

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    9. Re:Terminate contract instead? by icebike · · Score: 3, Informative

      The founders went further than simply creating a supreme court to decide what the law is. That route was surely open to them. But they chose a different route. Why: Because the people would not accept the Constitution with out it:

      Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

      No possible subsequent law can get around that, and any judge who rules otherwise has violated his oath of office.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    10. Re:Terminate contract instead? by icebike · · Score: 3, Interesting

      There is no law authorizing a gag order that courts routinely hand out. They usurped the authority. They weren't prohibited. Only Congress was. They just took it upon themselves to invent that and declare it legal, and wont allow it to be found otherwise.

      However with FISA laws, CONGRESS made a law authorizing the gag, and that makes it illegal. "Congress shall make no law".

      Its a whole different ball game.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    11. Re:Terminate contract instead? by mspring · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I learned recently that this already exists: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrant_canary

    12. Re:Terminate contract instead? by AK+Marc · · Score: 3, Informative

      The governemnt has explicitly ruled this legal. It isn't communicating to a specific customer, and in the airbags lawsuits the car companies initially argued they met federal regulations. The car would be illegal without the airbags. The court ruled that if they were unsafe, the company should have shut down, rather than sell cars that were unsafe, even if that unsafety was required by law.

  6. NSA equipment: rent space? charge for electricity? by crow · · Score: 5, Informative

    You may be required to cooperate with their investigation, but space in a data center is not free, and the electricity certainly isn't, either. If they're taking what's yours, they should pay fair market value, and that includes space, power, cooling, and such.

  7. Legitimate order or not . . . ? by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 4, Interesting

    So, in TFA he said he was not allowed to make a copy of the order, but just take some notes about it. His attorney said it was legitimate . . . how?

    I mean, you can't take a copy yourself to a secret court to ask them if they authorized it. You could call up a number that they give you, but what does that prove? And the whole damn thing is supposed to be secret, so that nobody knows nothing anyway.

    Does anyone know how this works?

    --
    Schroedinger's Brexit: The UK is both in and out of the EU at the same time!
    1. Re:Legitimate order or not . . . ? by mosb1000 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Does anyone know how this works?

      You do what they say, or else they come shoot you and plant drugs on your body.

  8. Harder done than said by bugnuts · · Score: 5, Informative

    National Security Letters, which are similar, result in a lot of difficulty challenging the gag order without violating the gag order.

    At the eff, they talk about national security letters. They have made some progress in challenging the gag orders, but this is years later. The recipient of this gag order would likely not have even been able to get it into court before they had already removed it 9 months later.

    The OP was served with a FISA warrant, which is apparently more rare and somewhat different. I don't know much about these, but the eff has some info here.

    1. Re:Harder done than said by 0111+1110 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The terrorists won on September 11, 2001, although not in the way they planned.

      More like not in the specific way that they had hoped. IIRC they hoped to get the US military out of Saudi Arabia. But the sort of stuff in the news now is also the kind of thing they were hoping for. A rather nice consolation prize. It is certainly a revenge of sorts. The entire country has been punished. Countless generations of Americans will be forced to live in an Orwellian dystopia. They could not have done it without help from our own politicians, but nevertheless it is undeniably a very real victory for Bin Laden's group. No honest person can continue to call the US free and there is no going back.

      --
      Quite an experience to live in fear, isn't it? That's what it is to be a slave.
  9. Secret laws enforced by secret courts by jbolden · · Score: 4, Insightful

    He is absolutely right that we shouldn't have secret courts issuing secret laws. Temporary gag orders are fine but they should expire rapidly and then what happened be subject to public scrutiny. Faretta v. California talked about how many of our laws for trial procedure and rights in the constitution evolved from a reaction against the Star Chamber. The core idea of the Star Chamber was secrecy to deal with defendants who were too powerful to be tried openly for fear the the realm could not control the impact, and we have decided to replicate this in full.

  10. Re:stand up by jbolden · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That could also be read as a widespread conspiracy involving multiple companies to coordinate to commit felonies. The problem is the American people, have until recently been strongly supportive of this nonsense. The companies can't stand up to it until they know for sure a jury will never convict and they can't know that yet.

  11. Re:Xmission? by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Or they could say they were monitoring Maddox, when in reality, they were snooping on someone else, or just mooching server space to use in a distributed network they were running. You have no idea, and neither do most people working at the NSA, or the FISA court, etc, etc.

    For all anyone knows, this "monitoring equipment" could have been hosting (and let me just go for the Godwin Gold here) a child porn darknet for a ring of senior paedophiles operating inside the NSA. And if anything went wrong, or was discovered, the NSA could ahve just pinned it all on XMission, Mr. Ashdown, and his attorneys. After all, there's no official record, all are gagged from revealing what they know, and the NSA would just lie about it.

    And in case this seems hyperbolic: If the NSAs programs continue for long enough, this will happen. History is the definitive proof.

    --
    May the Maths Be with you!
  12. Re:NSA equipment: rent space? charge for electrici by sirsnork · · Score: 4, Informative

    As is described in the article, they will happily pay that. However this particular ISP was against profiting in any way from monitoring their customer

    --

    Normal people worry me!
  13. Where exactly is 'outside US jurisdiction' now? by rts008 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Ask Eric Snowden, I hear he has some experience with this very thing.

    The ONLY reason Snowden is not a resident of GITMO, is the US can't invade Moscow Airport.
    If he was in a less powerful country, like Panama, for example, he would already be in custody.

    ...can't they just go to Mexico and tell people there?

    Times have changed somewhat, Butch Cassidy....Mexico, or Canada, are no longer safe havens to escape the US.

    --
    Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    1. Re:Where exactly is 'outside US jurisdiction' now? by AK+Marc · · Score: 3, Interesting

      There's a reason why Assange is cowering inside the embassy in London. If the US invades, Venezuela will stop selling oil to the US and there'll be a War of the Americas where the privileged North tries to impose their will on the South, and the war between the North and South will commence. Assange living openly in the UK would likely get an extradition request. There are suggestions that Assange in Sweden would be removed by the US without an extradition. But violating England and Ecuadorian sovereignty to grab him where he is would be an issue.

      When's the last time someone *saw* Snowden? I never thought he was in Moscow. I initially thought he sent a dummy west because he had to change planes in Taipei, Sydney, Tokyo or some other place that there was a good chance of the US seiznig him before he got there. But if he's on a plane going west, it'd be easier to "sneak" east. He swapped passports with a look-alike and was in South America before his Cuba plane departed. They are delaying the disclosure of this as long as possible to cover his tracks, and tracks of those who helped him.

    2. Re:Where exactly is 'outside US jurisdiction' now? by auric_dude · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Extraterritorial jurisdiction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterritorial_jurisdiction & Extrajudicial killing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing show the reach and grasp of a determined State when seeking to enforce their brand of justice upon others who may not agree with the definition used.

  14. The first amendment trumps the gag order. by jcr · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Say whatever you want to say, and demand a jury trial if they want to punish you for it. The great lesson of the fall of the Soviet Empire is that the people outnumber the thugs, and the thugs' power depends entirely on the people's obedience.

    -jcr

    --
    The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
  15. Re:Intelligence by spire3661 · · Score: 3, Informative

    FISA court is incompatible with the Constitution. You CANNOT have secret courts in a democracy, it must and will end.

    --
    Good-bye
  16. Re:No Surprises Here by mrbester · · Score: 3, Funny

    It was only when they popped by with the full document from the FISA court that it became "legitimate". Before then it was simply a piece of paper that cannot have provenance attached to it, so what the attorney should have said is "it is probably legitimate".

    I've got a number of emails from Nigerian princes and domain renewal documents that are just as "legitimate"...

    --
    "Wait. Something's happening. It's opening up! My God, it's full of apricots!"
  17. Re:Xmission? by Predius · · Score: 3, Informative

    Kinda hard to do any hosting if your only connection is a port mirror, you can watch, but you can't talk over said port.

  18. How this SHOULD play out... by jcr · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If we had a functioning justice system in this country, and a population fully aware of and prepared to defend our rights, this kind of thing would go like this:

    "Hello, 911 emergency. What is your emergency?"

    "Hi, I've just made a citizen's arrest. The perp came in here posing as a federal officer, but he couldn't even recite the oath when he was looking down the barrels of my shotgun." I disarmed him and hog-tied him. The press is on the way, could you send a deputy over here to pick him up, or should I bring him in to the jail?"

    -jcr

    --
    The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
  19. Re:NSA equipment: rent space? charge for electrici by Rigel47 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Indeed, what is the fair market value for smearing excrement on the Constitution? $50/month?

  20. They are the best by AndreyFilippov · · Score: 5, Informative

    I'm Xmission customer for 18 years and they are the best. They always notified subscribers of any interruptions of the service even if it happened for 5 minutes in the middle of the night, decribing what went wrong and what have they done to prevent similar problems in the future.
    And I still drive with Pete Ashdown sticker on the back of my car since he ran for the US Senate - but it is not easy do win for a Democrat in one of the most Republican states.

  21. Re:No Surprises Here by tftp · · Score: 5, Insightful

    How does one authenticate their authenticity?

    When men with guns say it's authentic, it is.

  22. Re:Intelligence by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    That's NOT how the Constitution works. It GRANTS powers to government. Everything that is not given as a power in the Constitution is NOT a legitimate function of government. There is no power to make courts secret.

    On the other hand the Constitution does NOT contain a list of all the rights of citizens. The 9th Amendment makes this quite clear. There are many rights NOT enumerated. Due process IS listed as a right.

    How the hell can you have due process if a court and laws can be secret? The idea is preposterous.

  23. What's in the box? by PPH · · Score: 5, Funny

    Hello, NSA?

    Remember that box we put in our server room for you a couple of weeks back? Well last night, four heavily armed masked men broke into our facility and held our techs at gunpoint while they removed your box. When they left, all we heard was the sound of their helicopter. It was night, so we didn't see anything. I think they had Russian accents.

    We would have filed a police report, except we are not supposed to discuss the details of you activities with anyone.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  24. Re:Trading Places by PPH · · Score: 4, Funny

    Dear AC.

    You are being recruited by the intelligence services due to your deep insights into the Trayvon Martin case. You will provide us with assistance and your personal insights into the politics and evidence surrounding this incident.

    However, for purposes of national security, we will be placing a gag order on all of your communications regarding this case. You will not be allowed to divulge the scope of your knowledge, or the content of our communications in any matter regarding Trayvon Martin or Barak Obama.

    Thank you for your support in making this country a safer place.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  25. Re:No Surprises Here by Charliemopps · · Score: 3, Informative

    Having worked for an ISP and at one point having to deal with these myself, you don't really. You send it up to the lawyers. They can do some basic checks. The request comes in, there's an agents name and where he/she works. The lawyers call there, talk to someone that's NOT him about it... that's about as far as you can check it. The main thing you're trying to prevent is someones ex-husband requesting his ex-wives call logs and such... that actually happens more than you'd think. Once it was even a cop and the case number and everything were bullshit. But if the entire law enforcement agency in question is up to no good, there's no way to prevent that. It's not like you can call up the judge and ask them about it.

    I've mentioned this in the past but it bears mentioning again, we RARELY got requests. There were very very few. It always suggested to me that had better/easier ways to get the same info and it was only in rare cases that they needed to come to us.

  26. Apply some technology here? by Bruce66423 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    A big visible camera - and a smaller hidden one - at the entrance to your building with microphones, so you make sure that the identity of the agents is very public information when they present themselves at your front door. Reading out of the warrant at the time of reception as is legally acceptable, would probably blow the investigation as soon as it starts. We need to play legal games the same as they do.

  27. Re:Intelligence by 0111+1110 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Flying on an aircrift is a right. Or more to the point preventing people from flying on an aircraft is a right that the government does not possess. Or can you point out the part of the constitution that grants the government that right? You cannot because it doesn't exist and not just because aircraft didn't exist. Because they would have considered the idea of preventing people from traveling within the borders of their own country to be tyranny almost beyond their ability to imagine. To them it would have been like asking the government permission to breathe.

    --
    Quite an experience to live in fear, isn't it? That's what it is to be a slave.
  28. Old Testament Law versus federal law by MikeRT · · Score: 3, Interesting

    When I read Leviticus and Deuteronomy, what struck me the most about them was how fair they were to the defendant. Modern liberals and even many conservatives roll their eyes and treat the Old Testament Law as barbaric, but in reality it was actually more advanced in protecting the defendant than our system. Nothing equivalent to a felony (that I can remember) in the Old Testament was convictable with less than two credible eye witnesses and the punishment for false testimony was to be punished according to the standard for the charges. That means anyone who bears false witness in a murder case is automatically going to be executed no matter the guilt or innocence of the defendant. The "testilying" cops of today would be mercilessly stoned to death under Old Testament Law and if the defendant could prove that the prosecutor knowingly brought their perjury into the case could possibly get the prosecutor executed as well.

    I'd like to see that standard of perjury brought to our legal system and I'd also like to see the Old Testament's open court proceedings where more than one person can be convicted simultaneously in the same proceeding as well. Cases would take longer, but it would provide a lot of balance. For example, today a defense attorney would be allowed to bring charges against a testilying cop and have the jury consider the perjury charges during their deliberations.

    At one point, I saw a stat saying that there about 600-700 laws in the Old Testament that cover the entire civil-criminal-religious legal life of ancient Israel. There are approximately 4,200 federal criminal acts one can commit. Many of these are not even genuine crimes but charges that can be used to get around the 8th amendment like "possession of a firearm while committing a drug crime." Really. Either you are actually committing a violent felony with said firearm or it's just a way of overcharging someone for a fact that is at best ancillary to the primary criminal act.