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Is Europe's Recession Really Over?

jones_supa writes "Bloomberg, the WSJ and the NYT cheered to report that the Euro Zone's economy has showed signs of recovery after two years of decline. They're all based on the news that Eurostat, the keeper of economic statistics for the European Union, says GDP grew 0.3 percent within the EU's borders from the end of March through June. As Olli Rehn, Eurostat's vice president, writes on his blog: 'I hope there will be no premature, self-congratulatory statements suggesting "the crisis is over."' He calls the GDP report only another sign of 'a potential turning point in the EU economy.' The quick conclusion by some economists and some in the news media that a slight rise in one quarter's GDP means a recession is over ignores how experts figure out when an economy is either in a significant downturn (a recession) or enjoying steady growth (an expansion)."

159 comments

  1. Betteridge's law of headlines by gwjgwj · · Score: 5, Funny

    No.

    1. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by jlar · · Score: 1

      It ain't over till the fat lady sings...

    2. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by geek · · Score: 1

      Bitch sang a long time ago

    3. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by intermodal · · Score: 1

      You beat me to it. But basically, you're right. The sad thing is, in this case, a simple statement of negation would have sufficed for a headline.

      --
      In SOVIET RUSSIA... erm...NSA AMERICA, the Internet logs onto YOU!
    4. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by intermodal · · Score: 2

      If she sang, it must have been in Germany, and I bet Spain is sure hoping she plays Madrid soon.

      --
      In SOVIET RUSSIA... erm...NSA AMERICA, the Internet logs onto YOU!
    5. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Informative

      No.

      Actually, yes, in this case. People tend to think that "recession" has a fuzzy definition, and means bad economic times, or high numbers of jobless. It doesn't. Recession means two or more consecutive quarters of economic contraction. Period. A recession is not "over" when you get back to the previous levels of income and employment. It is over when you hit bottom and start to recover.

    6. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Windwraith · · Score: 4, Informative

      Being from Spain, this guy is right. The answer is a simple "no". I am giving zero craps about the wellbeing of the EU as a thing, but I can't take any more tax raises and salary cuts as we are. A new tax raise AND salary cut for all is coming soon. So yeah, the recession is here to stay.

    7. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by icebraining · · Score: 2

      Problem is, a single growing quarter doesn't mean we've hit rock bottom. So, yes, technically this recession may be over, but that doesn't mean we won't have a new one half a year from now.

    8. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Dogtanian · · Score: 1

      No.

      There's a slight complication here, in that *if* this is a case of Betteridge rather than a legitimate question, then the answer the headline is implying is already "no". It's not "Is Europe's recession over?", it's "Is Europe's recession *really* over?" (as in, other people have already said that and *this* is the note of doubt implying a "no").

      In this case, then, *if* one assumes this is a case where Betteridge is relevant, then, the "correct" answer should be "yes"!

      Of course, Betteridge only applies in cases where the would-be assertion in a headline has been obviously rephrased as a fake "question" (*) purely because the story (and evidence) would be too flimsy- or nonexistent- to support it otherwise. It's not clear that this is the case here.

      (*) It does not, as too many Slashdotters have assumed in the past, automatically apply to any headline in the form of a question

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    9. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by lightknight · · Score: 2

      http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/recession

      Depends which dictionary you are consulting.

      Definition #3 is, perhaps, what the general public is running with:
      3: a period of reduced economic activity

      --
      I am John Hurt.
    10. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by classiclantern · · Score: 2

      Not if they cooked-the-books the same way the Obama administration did here in USA. This quarter they included art, music, and poetry for the first time. I'm going to cook me up a big meal of contemporary sculpture for dinner.

      --
      Now that I said that, I fell better.
    11. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Prof.Phreak · · Score: 2

      Doesn't mean they won't revise the number 6 months from now. I'll go with the pesimistic ``NONE of the problems have been resolved... so... why the optimism?''

      --

      "If anything can go wrong, it will." - Murphy

    12. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ditto, from GReece

    13. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, if you believe the Spanish propaganda we have been in recession since the right extreme took the power in Spain, because as you say recession is a stupid number which for rich people goes up despite one quarter of the population losing their jobs and struggling to eat. Everything is better now according to the party. Which is true for them, they steal even more than ever, and now that they have destroyed any social security and medical care we have, they pretend to still lower 10% more population wages according to recent FMI documents.

      It's been going really well for those bastards. Yes, recession. They can be really happy, if only they would stop breathing...

    14. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Windwraith · · Score: 1

      Cheers friend. I hope this stuff finishes soon for all of us.

    15. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Meanwhile your government is doing important things like following Argentina's experiment in provoking the UK and hoping it doesn't kick back.

    16. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even when the contraction only stopped because of central bank printing money and distorting prices of everything? It still IS a recession in real terms.

    17. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by gmack · · Score: 1

      Spain's problem is that the regulatory system makes it very hard to do business. I don't see how they expect to improve their economy while the bureaucracy actively fights anyone trying to make money or pay people.

    18. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by allcoolnameswheretak · · Score: 1

      Spain's problem is southern Europe's problem is corruption.
      The state collects taxes, half of the money disappears into deep pockets, there is not enough money to pay for investments in infrastructure and social security, so social security is slashed, investments go down, taxes are raised... repeat.

      Corruption is one of the greatest scourges in the world. Greedy, selfish and ambitious people, the scum of Earth.

    19. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Eunuchswear · · Score: 1

      Well, you a reaping what you sowed.

      Hint: Never vote for the right when the economy goes bad - they'll just make it worse. You could defend voting for the right in good times, but they'll probably fuck up as badly as the left even so.

      --
      Watch this Heartland Institute video
    20. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by RabidReindeer · · Score: 2

      No.

      Actually, yes, in this case. People tend to think that "recession" has a fuzzy definition, and means bad economic times, or high numbers of jobless. It doesn't. Recession means two or more consecutive quarters of economic contraction. Period. A recession is not "over" when you get back to the previous levels of income and employment. It is over when you hit bottom and start to recover.

      That's a major problem. The governments and news organizations use the term "recession" based on numbers. The general populace uses the term "recession" based on pain. As far as they're concerned, being financially restrained because of suppressed wages or worries about job stability means "recession" a lot more than the level of the Dow or T-Bill rates.

      The Greenspans and Bernankes don't get this. They've got high-paying civil service jobs which are still going to be there, recession or not. Political demagogues do, however.

    21. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by gmack · · Score: 1

      Spain voted right because the country was broke and couldn't borrow more money without getting the money from Germany and Germany has at best, enough money to create a soft landing rather than a hard one.

      Option A: Keep spending until the money runs out and then everything gets cut.
      Option B: Make painful cuts but most of everything keeps running.

      Unless you know of some third option?

    22. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Spain voted right because the country was broke ...

      Not really, actually Spain's debt was lower then Germany's with respect to the GDP. The problem on the debt side was that an European agreement says that you may not increase your debt by more then 3% in a year, and Spain couldn't keep below (Germany also broke that rule various times, but before this "crises"* started), so Germany forced Spain to spend less and of course cuts were made where it hurts the majority of the people.

      When the elections came, those that would have elected PSOE didn't vote or voted for smaller parties because they stopped trusting the PSOE (with good reason). Since the voters of the right voted what they always vote and as a result of a voting system that somehow favours established parties, the PP got absolute majority in the parliament even though they got just 45% of the votes. To understand what I mean, just compare the number of votes with the number of seats the parties got. For instance: IU-LV, 1.6Mio votes, 11 seats, CiU, 1.0 Mio votes, 16 sites, PP 10.9 Mio votes, 186 seats.

      Finally, the PP broke every promise they made before the election (not that this surprises me at all, personally I think voting doesn't change anything)

      * I wrote "crisis" because as things go this looks more like a big fraud designed to move wealth from the poor an the so-called middle class to the rich.

    23. Re:Betteridge's law of headlines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      C: Nationalize money creation. Retroactively. Take the privilege from private banksters. Declare the public debt null and void. Stop paying compound interest on a scam...

  2. Is Europe's Recession Really Over? by geek · · Score: 1

    nope.

    1. Re: Is Europe's Recession Really Over? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Q: How can you tell if 8% unemployment is good or bad?

      A: If liberals are in charge then it's awesome! If not then it's horrible!

  3. Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    A recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Thus, the recession is technically over.
     
    Which doesn't mean it can't come back later.

    1. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Thus, the recession is technically over.

      Technically, the growth needs to be measured in concert with actual monetary inflation. I don't know what the status is in the EU, but in the US, they *never* do that on state-controlled media.

      More important is what the unemployment levels are like vs. historical norms. For instance, in the US, we'd need 3.5% growth for ten consecutive years to reach pre-2000 levels of employment. That level of growth was never achieved in the 20th century.

      As I understand it, Spain, for example, is in much worse shape than the US in terms of employment.

      Official numbers rarely reflect the condition of the common man.

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    2. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by tlambert · · Score: 3, Funny

      A recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Thus, the recession is technically over.

      Which doesn't mean it can't come back later.

      "A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his."
      -- Ronald Wilson Reagan

    3. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      " For instance, in the US, we'd need 3.5% growth for ten consecutive years to reach pre-2000 levels of employment. That level of growth was never achieved in the 20th century."

      What the Fuck? With the exception of the mid-late 90s, we are at pre-2000 levels of employment now, dumbass. We have better employment now than in the 80s, 70s, 60s.

    4. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Spain overall unemployment @ 28%, the real teller is for males under 30 it's closer to 50%. Let that sink in a bit,, 50%! No wonder in the UK we are flooded by well educated young Spanish, willing to take waiter/waitress jobs, anything to earn some money.

    5. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Sponge+Bath · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      Ronald Wilson Reagan

      Quoting Republican scripture I see. Everyone join in:

      And Saint Reagan raised trickle down up on high, saying, 'O Lord, bless this thy economic voodoo that with it thou mayest blow thine enemies to tiny bits, in thy mercy.' And the Lord did grin, and the people did feast upon the lambs and sloths and carp and anchovies and orangutans and breakfast cereals and fruit bats and large chu...

    6. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by operagost · · Score: 1

      Of course, when you're out of the recession but aren't recovering, it doesn't mean much.

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    7. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 3, Informative

      Spain overall unemployment @ 28%

      Spain also has a huge underground economy. Lots of people work "off the books" and are not counted in the official employment numbers.

    8. Re: Betteridge is actually wrong this time by dnadoc · · Score: 1

      I think the report is of real GDP, not nominal GDP. But in common parlance, a recession just means "the economy is not satisfactory" because of unemployment or inflation. It's like the word "Frankenstein". Meaning just ends up being usage, as Wittgenstein might say.

    9. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by SolitaryMan · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Especially funny since Reagan and Thatcher basically created bubble-based economy.

      --
      May Peace Prevail On Earth
    10. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And then came the Great Obama, who had a stimilus of $900 Billion, a tax increase on the rich, a new medical plan, and everything else he ever wanted. But alas, the ONLY reason the economy is running at all is because the Fed is printing $80 Billion a month and buying 70% of all US Treasuries because no one else will.

      All that and after 5 years unemployment has only JUST gotten to where it was when he started. Don't bring up the fact that 13 million unemployed people are no longer counted in those numbers now, because that will only show that is still much worse and it is a sin to besmearch the Obama.

      Really, grow up. After Reagan we had what, 20 years of constant growth? And you blame HIM for the current economy, and failed to mention the current guy in charge who got EVERYTHING he ever asked for?

      People on /. really are dumb now.

    11. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 3, Interesting

      A recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Thus, the recession is technically over.

      This definition is fundamentally flawed. Under this, it is technically possible for an economy to decline indefinitely which never actually entering a recession. GDP change from quarter to quarter could progress like so

      -2.0%, +0.1%, -2.0%, +0.1%, -2.0%, +0.1%, -2.0%, +0.1%, .....

      Which works out at a -3.7% decline every year, but still technically no recession. This is what we refer to in the mathematical business as "absurd".

      Unfortunately, this appears to be exactly how the political class across the Eurozone appears to doing. The continent is slowly imploding, but event one 0.1% quarter of growth is taken as proof that "The recession is over". The way the modern world is going, I'm really beginning to understand exactly how the Soviet Union operated on a political level.

      --
      May the Maths Be with you!
    12. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Mashiki · · Score: 1, Informative

      Really? I didn't know they were responsible for the implementation of Keynesian economic policy during the age of the great depression in the 1930's, and were fundamental in it's acceptance in the 1920's. Useful tip: Keynesian economics is what creates bubble economies.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    13. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Pretzalzz · · Score: 1

      Unless the Europeans are a hell of a lot better at determining these numbers then we are, they are sure to be revised. More than once. There is no guarantee that 5 years from now 2nd quarter 2013 EU GDP will still be positive. For instance US fourth quarter 2012 GDP was initially -0.1%, revised to +0.1%, revised to +0.4%.

    14. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Andtalath · · Score: 2

      That was the beginning of bubble economics, yes.
      However, the eighties was when focus shifted from producing goods to just earning money.

      That is the true bubble problem, no real valie behind the percieved value.

    15. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by JustLikeToSay · · Score: 2

      I'm not sure a tip can be described as useful when it's wrong. Keynesianism (we could spend some time distinguishing what we mean by Keynesianism - are we using it to mean what Keynes discussed and proposed or what the political-economic consensus subsequently made it into) did not cause the Great Depression, it was the reliance on policies derived from reliance on neoclassical economics, as any fule kno.

      --
      I know the truth and I know what you're thinking
    16. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Mashiki · · Score: 2

      However, the eighties was when focus shifted from producing goods to just earning money.

      Apparently you should just swing back to the 1930's and see where that statement is wrong. "Producing goods" walked away when governments decided Keynesian economics were the way to go.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    17. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by Eunuchswear · · Score: 2

      This is exactly the opposite of the truth.

      Every time we give up on Keynes we get a bubble followed by a crash.

      It's so fucking easy - spend your way out of depressions, reimburse the debt when things are good. But you always get some idiot saying we should do the opposite.

      --
      Watch this Heartland Institute video
    18. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 1

      There were economic bibbles all the way through the 19th century. There was a huge depression in the 1870's that puts the current problems to shame - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Depression

      The first known bubble being a stock market explosion in Britain in the 18th C known as the south sea bubble http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sea_Company

      Keynsian counter-cyclical policy is a useful way of mitigating boom-bust business cycles, but it is more or less politically impossible in the western world - when has a democratically elected goverment ever raised taces and interest rates and cut spending during a boom period? (and if they have/had, do they win the next election?)

    19. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 1

      Which is why there are other terms in use than just 'recession'. A recession is a reasonably short term description. Medium and longer term descriptions such as stagnation and depression exist too.

      It is useful to have precise language available so we can communicate precisely. If everyone understands the recession = 2 quarters of GDP decline then we know where we are and can analyse patterns over time.

      I think the solution is to remember that 'recession' has a technical definition, rather than a coloquial one.

    20. Re:Betteridge is actually wrong this time by chihowa · · Score: 1

      It still seems pretty absurd, though. Especially since it's being pitched about to laymen all of the time. It's a very specific and arbitrary definition, and as OMF points out, the utility of it is questionable at best.

      Why not an average of the last two quarters (or three quarters)? Or the trend of a rolling average across several years. That would address the example described above. There are many other different metrics that you could use that would actually have analytical utility. That we choose this one and make policy decisions and news headlines with it is somewhat absurd.

      --
      If you want a vision of the future, imagine a youtube comments section scrolling - forever.
  4. Debt-backed economies.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    ... cannot recover. That's what debt is - a promise to work harder later than you work now. In the case of large public debt, it's a promise to force your children to work harder than you do.

    1. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is not what debt is. A debt is a promise to repay the principle amount of a loan and interest, if any. It has nothing to do with work. For example, I can work harder right now (hard as I can, hard as anyone can) but I can't afford a house right now.

      You are right about passing debt to our children; it becomes their burden. If I was 20 or younger I'd be rising up and taking over.

    2. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You are right about passing debt to our children

      Wrong. Whatever is produced at a given point in time is available for consumption at that time. We will never send real resources backwards in time in order to "repay" public debts.

      The real theft your generation has perpetrated on mine is all of this lost output which can never be regained. Public debt needs to increase so the output gap can be closed.

      Lost Output Clock

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    3. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      This AC is completely wrong. All public debts are matched by an equal private asset. "Paying off" public debt consists of asset swaps between reserve accounts and securities accounts held at the Federal Reserve. There will never be a need to levy higher taxes to conduct such swaps, let alone a need for private individuals to "work harder."

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    4. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This AC is completely wrong. All public debts are matched by an equal private asset.

      Not true. Not since Ronald Reagan.

    5. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by tukang · · Score: 2

      We will never send real resources backwards in time in order to "repay" public debts.

      Who said anything about sending resources back in time? We'll send our resources to our creditors and as the debt and interest increase future generations will have to send more of it to our creditors than we do now. You seem to think that increased spending leads to increased output but that's debatable and even if you do get an increase in output you can't guarantee that it will be domestic output.

    6. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by alexander_686 · · Score: 2

      Let me point out 2 examples of where you are wrong.

      First, you are assuming that the products are being generated inside the economy. If you are borrowing money from China to buy Chinese goods this is no longer true.

      Second, you need to learn a little about pension accounting. If I am working today but I am going to retire in a few years you have a huge liability to pay form my pension and medical costs. While no formal bond has been issued governments, it carries a similar or higher obligation. In this case you really are sending money back in time. (In the past, when countries have been faced with paying foreign creditors or defaulting on pension obligations they tend to shaft the foreigners.) Now, I don’t know how Europe includes this in the “official national debt” but the numbers are out there. (The US does not, which makes me sad.)

    7. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by operagost · · Score: 0, Troll

      Yes, let's fire up the printing presses and make some magical fairy money. Don't mind the fact that the few of us who have continued to work hard, be fiscally responsible and fight to build assets instead of relying on government services will have our wealth wiped out by your hyperinflation.

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    8. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      We'll send our resources to our creditors and as the debt and interest increase future generations will have to send more of it to our creditors than we do now.

      Perhaps that will happen, but that is rarely how government debt has been repaid in the past. Much more often the debt has been monetized, and simply inflated away. When Japan started to run big trade deficits with America, and buying lots of bonds, there were 800 yen to the dollar. Today there are about 100 yen to the dollar. So the Japanese are getting back 12 cents on the dollar.

    9. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by alexander_686 · · Score: 1

      I am so confused. In 1972 (that is as far back that I can easily go) it was 300 Yen to the dollar, before any large currency flows out of Japan. In 1980 is was 200. Today 125. Where is 800 coming from?

      Also, the difference in real interest rates and purchasing parity explains most the change – not monetary policy.

    10. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      This AC is completely wrong. All public debts are matched by an equal private asset. "Paying off" public debt consists of asset swaps between reserve accounts and securities accounts held at the Federal Reserve. There will never be a need to levy higher taxes to conduct such swaps, let alone a need for private individuals to "work harder."

      If this were true, there'd be no real problem with the Federal Reserve buying up all the Public Debt in the USA, and then doing so again whenever more money is needed (next month, and every month after, basically).

      Hell, they could abolish income taxes and corporate taxes too, while they're at it.

      And using the miracle of accounting, we'd all get something for nothing, right?

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    11. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by tukang · · Score: 1

      It already is happening. The amount of interest we pay as a % of total tax revenue collected has been steadily rising and is at a a 10 year high even though the interest rate on treasury bonds is at relatively low levels. In other words the money we're borrowing is really cheap, yet we're borrowing so much of it that we're still paying more in interest relative to total revenues collected than we have in the past decade and there's no reason to believe that we will be able to continue to borrow money cheaply especially if we increase our public debt too much.

    12. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      If this were true, there'd be no real problem with the Federal Reserve buying up all the Public Debt in the USA, and then doing so again whenever more money is needed (next month, and every month after, basically).

      Reserves and Securities are both highly liquid, interest-bearing public debts. The point is that if you trade one for another the only difference is the interest rate (currently ~3% for securities and 0.25% for reserves). If the Fed literally bought all of securities, the private sector would have less money in the long run due to a lower average interest rate.

      Hell, they could abolish income taxes and corporate taxes too, while they're at it.

      It is absolutely a fact that taxes (and bond sales) do not operationally fund the federal government's expenditures. In that sense they could be abolished. However, it's clear that inflation would result as private sector wealth - in the form of bank deposits - would not be drained to counter the increase from federal spending. This is in contrast to the accumulation of reserve balances at the Fed, which only function to settle payments and can't be lent "out" into the economy-at-large.

      And using the miracle of accounting, we'd all get something for nothing, right?

      Again, you aren't getting the point. The only constraint on output is the availability of real (physical and human) resources. We are simply doing less than we might given the available real resources, because of a mistaken belief that the net amount of public liabilities represents something other than the net amount of private assets.

      Think of it this way; as a matter of logic it is impossible for China to have used US dollars to purchase US securities without the US having first supplied China with US dollars via market exchange (or gifts, I guess).

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    13. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 2

      We'll send our resources to our creditors and as the debt and interest increase future generations will have to send more of it to our creditors than we do now.

      We don't "repay" public debts with real resources. We "repay" them when a securities account (yes, that's what they call them) at the Fed is debited and a reserve account is credited. We also don't "borrow" (sell securities) in order to fund expenditures. Indeed, it is impossible for someone to exchange US dollars for US securities without having first obtained the dollars. This is in direct contradiction to the normal state of affairs during "borrowing." The only way for future generations to lose real resources is by voluntarily exchanging them for US dollars.

      The proper way to understand public debt, in the form of US Treasury Securities, is to see reserves as "checking account" and securities as "savings accounts." Just as your bank does not sacrifice any real resources when you transfer money from savings to checking (indeed, they may be better off due to reductions in interest payments), the USA does not lose real resources when the Fed conducts a "reserve add" AKA debt repayment.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    14. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      Even if the debt were "repaid" via increased tax levies, that would not imply transfer of real resources. Since the de novo source of US dollars can (by definition) only be the US government, the government must first transfer money into the private sector for said money to be later taxed.

      No matter what happens vis-a-vis the government's debt positions, the only way for us to lose access to our real resources is by voluntarily exchanging them for financial assets.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    15. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 2

      You still aren't getting it. We do not conduct public borrowing in order to obtain money to spend. We first spend money, which we exchange for real resources, then "borrow" that same money back when our trading partners transfer their financial assets into "securities accounts" which pay a somewhat higher interest than do reserves themselves (current rates are ~3% for "long-term" securities, which are actually highly liquid, and 0.25% for reserves). Indeed, it cannot be otherwise as a matter of logic, because the only source of US dollars is the US federal government itself.

      Of course our public debt is increasing; it must increase given that the real terms of trade are in our favor. In other words, we are exchanging pieces of paper with only a notional value for real resources. Once consumed, our trading partners have forever lost whatever those resources could provide, while their US financial assets only have value within a context of voluntary exchange.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    16. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 2

      First, you are assuming that the products are being generated inside the economy. If you are borrowing money from China to buy Chinese goods this is no longer true.

      You have this backwards. The only de novo source of US dollars is the US federal government itself. We must first purchase goods from the Chinese in order for them to gain US dollars. Once they have gained dollars via this voluntary exchange of their real resources for our paper, they may spend those dollars themselves. However, generally they wish to hold those dollars. Since those dollars collect 0.25% interest, they choose to use those dollars to purchase US securities, currently bearing ~3% interest. They might invest them otherwise to gain higher rates than that, but they would have to accept some risk were they to do so. In other words, federal expenditures fund bond purchases and tax payments and not vice-versa, both in fact and as a matter of logic as explained above.

      In this case you really are sending money back in time.

      First of all, I said we can't send real resources back in time. Second, we don't send money back in time, either (quite the opposite).

      Today, those of us who are working produce a certain amount of real resources. We agree to transfer a portion of those resources to persons who are not currently working. At any point in time, those currently living get to consume all that they produce. The transfer of resources between workers and retirees is mediated via either transfer programs such as Social Security (which is running a surplus now, and a huge surplus at full employment) or via investments. In the case of investments, the worker agreed to reduce his past consumption (by purchasing interest-bearing financial assets rather than real resources) in favor of future consumption.

      Mismanagement of pension funds not withstanding, it is up to us as a society to determine how the real resources with exist today are divided among the people currently living. And while we might reduce present consumption in favor of future consumption, in the absence of a time machine it is not possible for us to adjust past consumption in any way.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    17. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by khallow · · Score: 1

      You are right about passing debt to our children

      Wrong. Whatever is produced at a given point in time is available for consumption at that time. We will never send real resources backwards in time in order to "repay" public debts.

      That isn't the point of debt. Debt is borrowing money or resources now and paying for them with future income or resources. So you can borrow more to produce more, but as a consequence, you will be producing less in the future for a period of time.

      Let's put this into perspective. Suppose the interest rate on that public debt was very considerable 100% per year for ten years and adjusted for inflation. That is, every dollar you borrowed, you had to pay back each year for ten years. According to your view, you get massive creation of "output" in that first year followed by ten years of lost "output" of the same amount each year. I'm sure it'd be great to be the lender, at least till year two or so when the borrower and economy collapses without paying back enough of the loan to make it worthwhile.

      It makes no sense to speak of "lost output" caused by cessation of public borrowing while ignoring that payment of that debt creates "lost output" in the very same sense. You really are advocating the creation of money in the sense of quantitative easing (well over three trillion dollars just in the US).

      The real theft your generation has perpetrated on mine is all of this lost output which can never be regained.

      No one has an obligation to fulfill your naive economic fantasies. I'll also note that in the "Lost Output Clock" link, they have a graph at the very top which has a blue line with no connection to reality. The slope of the red line in the years 2006-2008 is lower than the slope of the blue line. That tells me right there that the slope of the blue line should be lower. And when you do that, you get that the red line crosses the blue line around 2014.

      Public debt needs to increase so the output gap can be closed.

      Just print infinite amounts of money. That'll close any such output gaps and simultaneously make the currency completely worthless. The extreme of hyperinflation which according to your words should be delivering optimal output, doesn't actually do so. So there is at least one other factor you are missing in your initial assumptions about how an economy works.

    18. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 1

      Inflation expectations are factored into the price of government debt. Unexpected inflation surges will be priced into future gilt purchase prices.

      Plus a fair amont of US govt. debt is in TIPS, which are indexed against the CPI.

    19. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 1

      It isn't true that it is only the US (or other national governments) that are the only creators of money. Most western countries operate a fractional reserve banking system, so the banks create a fair amount of money.

      You could argue that the banks' scope for lending and money creation is regulated, and so limited, but it is limited by the central bank (in most countries) which is mostly independent of the government.

    20. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 1

      Hello reve_etrange,

      Please ignore my previous post to you mentioning money creation and fr-banking, which on reflection was a bit patronising. It is clear that you understand the subtleties involved and we are operating at different levels of abstraction.

      I agree with your points above, and with your general theme that money is an abstraction used to account for real resources, and that balance of trade accounts merely record (rather than dictate) the exchange of resources or investments.

    21. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 2

      Hello khallow,

      "That isn't the point of debt. Debt is borrowing money or resources now and paying for them with future income or resources. So you can borrow more to produce more, but as a consequence, you will be producing less in the future for a period of time.

      Let's put this into perspective. Suppose the interest rate on that public debt was very considerable 100% per year for ten years and adjusted for inflation. That is, every dollar you borrowed, you had to pay back each year for ten years. According to your view, you get massive creation of "output" in that first year followed by ten years of lost "output" of the same amount each year. I'm sure it'd be great to be the lender, at least till year two or so when the borrower and economy collapses without paying back enough of the loan to make it worthwhile."

      That can be how debt works if done badly, but it isn't supposed to be (if you're a sensible borrower).

      Let's say I am a writer (I chose a profession that doesn't use any physical resources of note). I have a crappy biro and some cheap paper. I can write 1000 words per day, and have trouble with QC (since I can't use software spell checks, etc.), so I can sell my work for $100 per day.

      I borrow $1000 to buy a computer and a printer.

      I can now output 10,000 words per day, which are off higher quality. I can earn (roughly) 10 times as much per day. I can sell my work for $1100 per day.

      I can pay of the debt and easily have plenty left over.

      The general amount of productivity in society has increase by 10 times, and I have only 10 days work required to pay of the debt.

      I have obviously exagerated the numbers here, but most debbt is like this - borrowed to invest in improvements. Recessions tend to happen when large amounts of a nation's capital are put into investments that are not productive, and so the debt (in the aggregate) cannot be paid back by the returns.

    22. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by khallow · · Score: 1

      but most debbt is like this - borrowed to invest in improvements

      Public debt is the obvious exception to this rule. For example, suppose Congress passes yet another idiotic regulatory scheme which causes $10 of damage for every dollar of its budget. Ok, now they borrow $1000 to fund it. The agency causes $10,000 of harm to society and now society has to pay that debt back as well. Well, that's an unproductive "investment" (since it actually has considerable negative return on investment), but it's the sort of thing that Congress (or any budget-making authority in a government) does, having no noticeable competence with investing.

    23. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      You don't understand the difference between private debt and public debt. When the United States "borrows," various entities which have already obtained US dollars compete to exchange their US dollars, which do not bear interest (or only 0.25% for electronic reserves) for US securities which obtain a higher rate of interest but remain highly liquid. It is directly analogous to a depositor of a bank transfering money between checking and savings accounts. Fed employees even refer internally to "securities accounts." When the debt is paid off, all that happens is that securities accounts are debited and reserve accounts credited, in exactly the reverse of the "borrowing" procedure. Thus unlike bank lending no new liquidity is created from government "borrowing" via sale of bonds; private net financial assets are unchanged except for the average rate of interest. The government does not need to obtain money by taxing or further borrowing in order to "pay off" its "debts," because the original "borrowing" only constitutes a reversible asset swap.

      There are no existing financial or legal structures which require the United States government or the US private sector to render its real resources to any so-called creditors outside of voluntary market exchange. Our public debts - dollars and securities alike - are non-convertible. These liabilities represent the financial assets of the private sector.

      We have plenty of people willing to work, plenty of jobs that need doing and plenty of resources, but are constantly told there is "not enough money" to connect these things. Even the President claims that the "government is out of money," even though the US is the sole issuer of its currency, and only borrows in this currency. You should be able to see the absurdity of this reality.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    24. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      A couple things here. Yes, banks create money via lending under fractional reserve banking. However, their lending creates bank deposits which are functionally separate as a system from the central bank's reserves. The only source of reserves is indeed the central government, so the central bank has to do a "reserve add" (buy securities) before it can do a "reserve drain" (i.e. have the Treasury sell securities). Since the "reserve add" comes first it's clear that the central bank / central government is not operationally dependent on either tax levies or debt sales.

      However, while it seems the amount of reserves would constrain bank lending, in practice it does not. If a profitable lending opportunity exists, banks will lend and then obtain reserves from the central bank afterwards. The central bank must comply, or else abandon its interest rate target. Thus banks can already expand their reserve balances as needed in order to lend.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    25. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      Well, I wasn't really being clear about the different types of "money" that are out there, like central bank reserves and bank deposits in that case.

      But, yes, that's exactly my point. "Trade deficit" by definition means "capital surplus." That should be considered a good thing, as the real terms of trade are clearly in our advantage. Whether or not we issue more non-convertible debts doesn't change that (the key is that we only borrow in our own sovereign currency, which itself is non-convertible and has a floating exchange rate).

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
    26. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by khallow · · Score: 1

      You don't understand the difference between private debt and public debt.

      You have yet to explain the difference. I could view private borrowing in the same way. I don't consider it a productive way to do so since it obfuscates the actual economical dynamics of the situation.

      There are no existing financial or legal structures which require the United States government or the US private sector to render its real resources to any so-called creditors outside of voluntary market exchange.

      Those aren't the only "structures" out there. Inflation is an economic structure which can require the US to do such things or face consequences. The people who say that the US should borrow more money never have an answer for inflation.

      We have plenty of people willing to work, plenty of jobs that need doing and plenty of resources, but are constantly told there is "not enough money" to connect these things.

      So what? Lack of money is not even remotely the problem, but such things as large disincentives for hiring people and using resources, considerable labor competition from cheaper parts of the world that don't have the above problems, and substantial future uncertainty (in large part due to public borrowing - who is willing to commit in such an environment without public funding?).

      Even the President claims that the "government is out of money," even though the US is the sole issuer of its currency, and only borrows in this currency.

      The President says a lot of stupid shit. I wouldn't single out this particular statement as anything remarkable.

    27. Re:Debt-backed economies.... by reve_etrange · · Score: 1

      I could view private borrowing in the same way.

      Again, no, you can't. The balance sheet effects of private lending and government borrowing are very different. When banks lend, new deposits are created when the bank credits a debtor's account in the amount of the loan. The loan precedes the existence of the deposit. In stark contrast, the government "borrows" by selling securities in return for money which it has already printed and released previously. Government borrowing does not involve creation of deposits. In fact, it reduces the money supply.

      considerable labor competition from cheaper parts of the world

      You are seeing things backwards. When we are able to exchange financial assets for real resources from abroad - running a trade deficit - the real terms of trade are in our favor. Imports are real benefits, exports are real costs. A trade deficit by definition involves a capital surplus. The balance sheet effect is to reduce the net financial assets of the sector running the deficit. Domestic

      Inflation is an economic structure which can require the US to do such things or face consequences. The people who say that the US should borrow more money never have an answer for inflation.

      No, it isn't. Our system is predicated on voluntary market exchange, and there is no mechanism outside voluntary market exchange for our real resources to be exchanged for dollar-denominated financial assets, because the United States only borrows in US dollars of which it is sole issuer and which has a floating exchange rate. The only thing the US can use to redeem its debts is the US dollar, and as currency issuer it need never give up its real resources to obtain those US dollars.

      As for inflation and government borrowing, you again are somewhat confused. The government can certainly create inflation via spending if it uses its spending to flood private actors with bank deposits. Such spending however is not operationally funded either by taxation or by sale of Treasuries in the case of a sovereign currency with floating exchange rate.

      Sale of Treasuries - "borrowing" - is not inherently inflationary. Indeed, the "reserve drain" that occurs when bonds are sold serves to drive up the interbank lending rate ("the interest rate"), which is generally deflationary. Governments with sovereign currencies conduct bond sales in order to drive interest rates upward, purely as a monetary policy tool.

      Now, when securities are redeemed - by debiting a securities account and crediting a reserve account in equal amounts - there are generally more new reserves added then were drained during the original bond sale (positive Treasury yield). If the yield is greater than the rate of inflation over the life of the bond, then the bond redemption is inflationary towards central bank reserves, but has no impact on private sector net financial assets, which already included the face value of the bond. Even then, the Fed can always conduct sales of its own Treasury holdings if it wishes to drain any new reserves.

      --
      .: Semper Absurda :.
  5. Re:Big Mistake by CanHasDIY · · Score: 4, Funny

    See, this is why the dolphins think we're morons.

    I'm inclined to agree.

    --
    An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
  6. Measures of uncertainty by Hatta · · Score: 2

    Notice how economic indicators never come with measures of uncertainty. It's always "we added 100,000 jobs this month". You'll never hear "we added 100,000 +/- 50,000 jobs". Yet another reason why economics is not a real science.

    --
    Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    1. Re:Measures of uncertainty by blueg3 · · Score: 4, Informative

      That's the quality of reporting for you. Most original reports include confidence intervals. The Census, for example, provides access to economic indicator data with its confidence intervals.

    2. Re:Measures of uncertainty by purpledinoz · · Score: 2

      And then adjusted later to reality.

    3. Re:Measures of uncertainty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You must be trolling or ignorant.

      The statistical agencies responsible for compiling the national income and product accounts discuss the uncertainty associated with their numbers in basically everything they publish. E.g., in the US, initial releases by the BEA (the agency responsible for computing the NIPA) are specifically dubbed "advanced estimates."

      The popular press may focus mostly on point estimates. But the statistical agencies don't limit themselves to point estimates. They are fully aware that point estimates are subject to revisions. In fact, initial releases are put out before all relevant primary data has come in. As additional businesses report, more accurate estimates can be obtained. It's ridiculous to think statistical agencies aren't aware of that.

    4. Re:Measures of uncertainty by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In US, the job numbers, from my understanding, is a phone survey of randomly picked 5000 people. I'm not sure how in the world, you can project that into an economy of 300M people. Also, it goes through some model to finger seasonality.

  7. it's not really an integrated economy yet by Trepidity · · Score: 5, Informative

    The EU is getting more integrated, but is still nowhere near one economy that moves in unison. So the answer to the headline question is: yes in some places, no in others. Germany's GDP is growing; Spain's is shrinking.

    1. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by intermodal · · Score: 2

      And as a German-born American, I certainly hope the EU never moves economically in unison, since the only way to get that to happen is to basically destroy every shred of autonomy for the member nations.

      --
      In SOVIET RUSSIA... erm...NSA AMERICA, the Internet logs onto YOU!
    2. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Trepidity · · Score: 1

      It would be better if there were at least more labor-market mobility. Countries could still run their own domestic economies, but someone who didn't like the economic policies of country A could just move to country B and choose theirs instead.

      That is legally possible today but in practice done much less than e.g. state-to-state movement in the U.S., for many reasons. Some of them are legal barriers to recognizing credentials, although those are slowly being harmonized (e.g. medical licenses are now harmonized). Language barriers are one major one, though very asymmetric: an engineer who speaks English can easily get a job in Copenhagen, even if they speak no Danish, but an engineer who speaks no French will have a harder time being hired in Paris.

    3. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Autonomy isn't necessarily the most important thing in the world... bigger is that it would obliterate smaller economies which would go into whiplash when you try to restructure them to look like Germany.

    4. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Teun · · Score: 1
      I care little (non-zero!) about the autonomy of my city, province or country providing it is replaced by the autonomy of a larger entity like a democratic Europe.
      Both professionally and privately I travel a lot and I see the European project as a great chance for it's people, a much better chance for peace and prosperity than the individual nations can ever give.

      The economic problems in many of the EU countries are not a lack of funds but individuals, companies and banks refusing to spend it.
      There is plenty of money available to kick-start our economy, all we need is a more positive outlook.

      --
      "The likes of Facebook and WhatsApp are free to those whose privacy is of zero value."
    5. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by operagost · · Score: 1

      If you hold little value in the autonomy of your city or your country, what do you think your own autonomy is worth in a "democratic Europe"?

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    6. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Carewolf · · Score: 2

      Some economies where never shrinking much in the first place. So if you are talking about EU recession you are talking EU numbers.

    7. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by manu0601 · · Score: 1

      I think the sentence makes more sense if you substitute "autonomy" with "democracy", or "people sovereignty". The European Union objective for a few decades has been to destroy that. And now that unelected leader are obviously incompetent at running the continent, it may explain why a majority of EU citizen reject the EU project. It does not work and citizen cannot fix it, therefore our best option left is to get rid of it.

    8. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Patch86 · · Score: 1

      Not many economies are integrated in the way you're thinking. Try looking at the economic data for London versus Yorkshire and see how often the two have moved in unison for any sustained period of time.

      In most economies it is accepted fact that some areas will boom while others don't, and that the two will cross-subsidise and even each other out. The EU's problem isn't that the nations aren't in synch, it's that there isn't that level of acceptance of cross subsidisation yet. We still have a situation where a German man in the street might resent his taxes being spent in Spain; a hang over to old nationalism. Try asking Londoners if they resent their money being spent in Leeds; most wouldn't even have considered the question before.

    9. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think the sentence makes more sense if you substitute "autonomy" with "democracy", or "people sovereignty". The European Union objective for a few decades has been to destroy that

      Then they have failed miserably. They have also been hiding this objective quite well.

      And now that unelected leader are obviously incompetent at running the continent

      I would not be surprised if unelected leaders would actually be more succesful. At least they would not be influenced so strongly by continuously changing public opinions.

      it may explain why a majority of EU citizen reject [pewglobal.org] the EU project.

      There is only one explanation: most people are very poorly informed on political and economical matters. There is also an important note to make. Until quite recently, the average EU citizen actually had more confidence in politicians in Brussels and Strasbourg than in their national and local politicians. Due to things actually happening in Brussels that make the news, people have started to learn that EU politicians are also mere politicians and consequentially, the popularity of the EU dropped to around the same levels as the national governments.

    10. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why would the division of power between local, national and supranational governments have any influence on personal autonomy?

    11. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by khallow · · Score: 1

      Why would the division of power between local, national and supranational governments have any influence on personal autonomy?

      Because there is a fundamental power struggle between the individual and the collective state. The more divided the power of the latter, the weaker it will be. There are two common ways to do this. First, is by function. I don't know of a democracy that doesn't divide up the power of making law from that of implementing law. And most also provide for a third fairly independent body to interpret the legality of that law and its implementation.

      The second common means is division via scope or extent of the exercise of power. By making many powers exclusive to local or national level governments, it pulls power away from the most dangerous level, supranational as well as providing autonomous counterweights to that supranational government.

    12. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by intermodal · · Score: 1

      I would tend to agree. The scary thing about it though is that the term autonomy has a whole lot of implications that include every one you listed.

      --
      In SOVIET RUSSIA... erm...NSA AMERICA, the Internet logs onto YOU!
    13. Re:it's not really an integrated economy yet by manu0601 · · Score: 1

      Well, European stuff can work in two modes.

      The confederation: each member state keeps all its sovereignty, and they cooperate on project they choose to enter or left. Democracy works inside the member states, and you will have trade barriers (which IMO is a good thing, now that we have three decade of experience in removing trade barriers).

      The federation: you remove sovereignty from member states and transfer it to the Union. This is what we are doing now. That requires a democracy at the EU level, which does not exists. And that require EU to be a nation, where a minority accepts the decision of the majority, and the rich region accepts to pay for the poorer. This is not the case, and attempting to push the project by force through our throats will not make it happen.

      My opinion is that if we want to go the federation way, we need to build a EU nation, and that could be done through the confederation way *if* people choose to do so. If they do not, let us forget about EU federalism, as IMO people sovereignty is more important.

  8. AC's law of watching the data ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    and throwing the Economist's bone's, killing a chicken, and skaking the Magic Eight Ball:

    Question: what will the European economy do?

    "My sources say no"

    Which is much more informative than Alan Greenspan EVER was.

  9. Watch Germany by RogueyWon · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Specifically, German manufacturing...

    That sector benefited over the years between the start of European Monetary Union and the start of the Mediterranean death-spiral from being locked into a favourable exchange rate with a relatively cash-rich (albeit debt-fuelled) set of customer states. Most of those states are economically dead or dying at the moment.

    If the German manufacturing sector has managed to diversify its markets enough over the last couple of years that it can weather the delayed shock of this when it finally hits, then Europe will probably muddle through. Once the worst of the crisis has past, the states that should never have been in EMU to begin with can be eased out of it without too much risk of contagion and most of Europe will be ok (though I suspect living standards in Greece etc will take decades to make up lost ground, if indeed they ever do).

    If German manufacturing does start to suffer in a big way over the next year or two, then we've only seen the start of the problem, as if the economic engine of much of the continent splutters, then the death spiral will just widen. In that case, expect to see the UK and some of Eastern European states split away in self preservation and some really unpleasant social disorder sweep most of the rest of the continent.

    All of which is absolutely nothing compared to what will happen when China's generation of largely-single angry-young-men-used-to-ever-rising-living-standards (the inevitable result of a one-child-policy that turns a blind eye to a bit of back-door gender selection) experiences its first serious recession.

    1. Re:Watch Germany by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The UK isn't in what you're calling the European Monetary Union, so it can hardly "split away", and UK funds cannot legally be used directly and immediately to fund Eurozone bailouts. UK funds *can* be used in supporting loans and in direct aid to EU members (and hence Eurozone members) so it's not that the UK won't be supporting struggling Eurozone economies, but it is not directly tied to it beyond the fact that the collapse of the UK's largest trading market would be ruinous for the UK economy.

    2. Re:Watch Germany by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 2

      The German economy is a ticking time bomb due to sub replacement birth rates and a unaccommodating immigration policy coupled with negative attitudes towards Muslim immigrants.

      It's also well-known that Germany's long term care system is unsustainable due to the demographic problem.

      A recent census shocked German politicians when it showed a population 1.5 millions smaller than expected.

      http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/01/world/europe/census-shows-new-drop-in-germanys-population.html?_r=0

  10. Re:Big Mistake by rmdashrf · · Score: 1

    Terrorist. Grab the dolphin lover.

    Humans are the only sub-sapient species on this planet. The proof is all around us.

    --
    Nihil in publicum sputa.
  11. Steady bad isn't exactly good by Kjella · · Score: 4, Interesting

    People can weather bad times for a while, many have nest eggs, live off ramen noodles and stay with their parents longer, don't start a family, take more education instead and whatnot to live a subsistence life but those options tend to run out and eventually what they desperately need is a job and an income so they can get on with their lives. That the economy isn't tanking even more is great, but unless there's real growth and people getting back into the labor force it's still going to be a train wreck in progress. The same is happening in the US, before the financial crisis the employment-population ratio was about 63% now it's hovering between 58% and 59%, despite what the unemployment rate says. The US would need another 10 million jobs to return to 2008 levels.

    So far I must say that despite everything it has been very calm so far, when you're looking at 27.6% unemployment and 64.9% youth unemployment like Greece does right now many countries would be at "fuck it, communism can't get any worse" conditions. And fat fucking luck if you're going to get a job after years of unemployment, most places will see you as damaged goods and rather hire someone straight out of school. The economy is one thing, it will survive somehow but the people are getting royally screwed. It's a generation almost certain to have it much worse than their parents, despite all the technological advances. And somehow I have the feeling it's just one bad domino away from becoming something much worse, so many look ready to fall.

    --
    Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    1. Re:Steady bad isn't exactly good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      On the bright side, maybe if the number of people who are out of work long term outweigh the number of steady work people. When an economy does recover. Those out of work people will have more chance for success in positions that otherwise would be un-available to them.

      But I don't see the economy getting better for at least 1-2 decades minimum. It may not get "much worse" but better? I dunno. It feels a long way off.

      -posted AC so this opinion doesn't flood to the top cause of good karma.

    2. Re:Steady bad isn't exactly good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The same is happening in the US, before the financial crisis the employment-population ratio was about 63% now it's hovering between 58% and 59%, despite what the unemployment rate says.

      Far be it from me to paint rosy pictures in these economic times ... BUT ... to be fair, the majority of that change you note is due to demographic changes, e.g. the leading edge of the Boomers retiring ... which will continue to cause the ratio you mention to decline for some time.

      Data.

      There are parts of the US economy that are actually doing quite well ... not as good as those currently in office would have you believe, but also not as bad as those not currently in office would have you believe.

    3. Re:Steady bad isn't exactly good by Kjella · · Score: 1

      Far be it from me to paint rosy pictures in these economic times ... BUT ... to be fair, the majority of that change you note is due to demographic changes, e.g. the leading edge of the Boomers retiring ... which will continue to cause the ratio you mention to decline for some time.

      Data.

      Your own data contradict your claims.

      "...over the 2008-2011 period...only one-quarter of the...decline of actual LFPR...can be attributed to demographic factors."

      This conclusion - that three-quarters of the decline in the LFPR since the beginning of the Great Recession can be attributed to cyclical factors - is supported by other research.

      Yes, the demographics are one factor but it dropped like a rock over the span of a little over a year, so drastically the composition of the population doesn't change.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  12. Recession over, depression underway by reve_etrange · · Score: 2

    Sure, the recession is technically over. Thus begins the extended economic depression during which unemployment remains extraordinarily high - over 60% for young people in periphery countries - and the economy significantly underperforms its potential.

    This is all the result of a political economy which requires permanent public deficits for private sector growth in the absence of private credit expansion, combined with a private debt overhang prohibiting such an expansion.

    --
    .: Semper Absurda :.
    1. Re:Recession over, depression underway by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      If you have an economy that is based on private credit expansion, it's already broken. No need to mention public deficits or overhang as part of that.

  13. Not newsworthy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Nothing new in this submission. It's well known that real-time economic data is noisy. This holds particularly true for real GDP as well some other statistics from the national income accounts (but less so for labor-market statistics). Revisions between the first and final data release of GDP average somewhere around 1 percentage point (that's in the US data, but it's probably relatively similar in the EU).

    1. Re:Not newsworthy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I should've added that various papers on this subject have been published over the last ten, fifteen years by economists such as Athanasios Orphanides.

  14. In the Long Run, All of Europe is Fucked by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    The European welfare state is unsustainable. It's unsustainable in the short run for the PIIGS, but also, with declining birth rates and rising debts, unsustainable even for Germany and other Northern European countries. Even the smallest nods towards austerity are greeted with riots. The only question is how much pain, economic collapse and hyperinflation happen on the way down.

    1. Re:In the Long Run, All of Europe is Fucked by purpledinoz · · Score: 1

      Things aren't allowed to collapse until the German election is over. Expect to see things to move after this September.

    2. Re:In the Long Run, All of Europe is Fucked by Winchy · · Score: 1

      You'll have to do better than linking an inflammatory opinion from a conservative commentator to make your point, AC. Are you saying that education, roads, fire fighting services, healthcare, pensions, disability and unemployment benefits just can't be afforded anymore by wealthy nations? Or are you saying that the welfare system is inefficient because it's a government thing? What is your plan for disabled people who have no family to support them, exactly? Do you think that removing education from those that can't afford it will bring about a better society?

  15. And does it run Linux? by udippel · · Score: 1

    ... or where is the angle for nerds and geeks in this?
    I for one would really appreciate to read news in here (/.), that I don't read everywhere else.
    Sorry.

    1. Re:And does it run Linux? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Debian is working on a crisis-eu port, but they are having issues with the reliability of the platform.

    2. Re:And does it run Linux? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are "nerd stories" being missed because of the additional current event stories. The angle for nerds is having a place for nerds to discuss current events. Why are you in the comments adding noise if you are not interested?

  16. Too early to call by erice · · Score: 2

    A recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Thus, the recession is technically over.

    Which doesn't mean it can't come back later.

    It seems to me that if you need two consecutive quarters of negative growth to call it recession, you should also need two consecutive quarters of positive growth to call it an expansion or recovery

    One quarter of weak growth doesn't really tell you anything.

    1. Re:Too early to call by tendrousbeastie · · Score: 1

      Then what do you call the bit in-between?

  17. Perhaps better to start with by Lawrence_Bird · · Score: 4, Insightful

    is the GDP report even valid? Given the multi-decade manipulation of the way the deflator (inflation) is calculated it is quite possilbe that not only Europe, but the US as well, has been in recession since the early 2000's. Shadowstats is an outfit that provides US figures using the most recent prior methodology - I think it is circa 1992. And remember, the government(s) have a very vested interest in keeping the "official" inflation figure low - it lowers any payment tied that rate (social security, procurment contracts) while also making the GDP figure look better.

    1. Re:Perhaps better to start with by khallow · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem is that this sort of thing is highly subjective. Basically, the old system of inflation was to take a fixed basket of goods that was thought to represent the demand of a particular group (consumers, manufacturers, etc). That turns out to have problems because that basket of goods slowly becomes obsolete.

      So then, they changed it to the current hedonics system, which as I understand the intent, is supposed to be a parameter space of baskets of goods of equivalent utility to our groups in question (here, attempted by decomposing goods into their functions and treating good bundles as equivalent which have equivalent combinations of these functions). So in particular, substitution of expensive goods with less expensive goods of equivalent quality are allowed. One then looks at the point on that parameter space with the lowest cost to the group in question and that becomes the basis of an inflation calculation.

      I see plenty of means to distort this sort of calculation by deciding which functions are more important and lowering the weight of stuff that has an exceptionally high rate of cost increase (such as housing, education, and medical care - which is true throughout the developed world, I might add).

    2. Re:Perhaps better to start with by Lawrence_Bird · · Score: 1

      1) Steak is too expensive? Eat chuck hamburger instead. Deflation.
      2) Laptop costs less? Deflation.

      #1 is crazy on the face of it and yet thats part of the calculation. #2 I feel is disengenous as the price drop was due to productivity and not "deflation". As much of the manufactured goods these days are high tech electronics (which all tend to have rapid price drops as production techniques are sorted out) there is a constant anchor from keeping the reported inflation rate from climbing. Never mind that everything else is too the moon.

  18. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    9-5? What kind of pussy country is that? Here in Spain most jobs are like 12-6 or worse. And we are getting salary cuts and lower minimum wages. And that's only for the ones lucky enough to have a job. (since at some point you will be the only remaining employee of your company, guess who takes the workload of the ones that got fired?)
    Oh and our politicians don't print, they steal. It's even proven but there they are staying.

  19. Re:Big Mistake by Cimexus · · Score: 1

    Um .... I'm pretty sure 9 to 5 (8 hours) is longer than 12 to 6 (6 hours) ... unless you mean noon until 6am the next day (or midnight until 6pm, both of which seem ridiculous). Am I missing something obvious here?

  20. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Can't be done in Europe, which is one of the reasons they're worse off than America or Britain.

  21. The real question by solkanar · · Score: 1

    Is China(and emerging countries, etc)'s rise and worldwide longh awaited economical balancing really over ? Hint : I doubt it. Therefore; No.

  22. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    12-6, so a six hour day? Sweet.

  23. Re: Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    He was probably thinking 5 hours to 9 hours.

  24. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Oh, thought he meant 9 hours for 5 days a week. I was trying to say 12 hours, 6 days a week.

  25. Communism can get A LOT worse, buddy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Communism can get A LOT worse ! when the reds inevitabily begin "collectivizing" (nationalization) the owners oh the house/farm/factory/whatever is a kulak/burgeois/intellectual/enemy-of-the-people. And they are slowly killed or are excluded from society at best. I know more about this than you do, kid.

    1. Re:Communism can get A LOT worse, buddy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's totalitarianism, kid. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totallitarian

    2. Re:Communism can get A LOT worse, buddy by khallow · · Score: 1

      That's what communism (or whatever it'll get called the next time it is tried) does in practice. I know This Time Will Be Different (TM). But it never is. Once you've built the perfect society, then you'll have to deal with the imperfect people who live in and continue to thwart your perfect society.

  26. Re:Big Mistake by BenoitRen · · Score: 1

    Someone didn't study their history. It's because banks keep printing money that we get economic crises.

  27. Re:Big Mistake by BenoitRen · · Score: 1

    America is sitting on tons of debt and Britain isn't doing all that hot either. Europe isn't worse off at all.

  28. If economists were Physicians by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    "Your father's Leukemia was very bad, he had fever of 104 (F). He's much better now - in fact he's down to room temperature."

  29. Nope. by Rhurazz12 · · Score: 0

    Speculation be damned, European Union has its own problems. Let them settle their problems because we have our own right now in our own country. The stock market should never tie the European markets to ours mainly because we have to deal with their shit...

  30. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yep, it's you. Governments printing money often is the way out of economic crises.

  31. It would probably be... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...if this wasn't 201x but 197x. Politicians do not understand the impact of the Globalization concept they had introduced.

  32. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Governments printing money to get out of a crisis is a large gamble.
    The four worst economic crises in history have been caused by governments printing money to get out of a small crisis.

  33. Error Margin? by tubs · · Score: 1

    GDP grew by 0.3%. If I remember GDP figures correctly they usually have a error margin of +/- 0.5.

    --

    try to make ends meet, you're a slave to money, then you die

    1. Re:Error Margin? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      GDP for any given quarter is calculated not once, but multiple times. The first release uses the least amount of data. By the time of first release is computed, some sources haven't reported yet, and not even all of the data that did come in has been evaluated yet.

      Subsequent releases are based on additional data. They also get more accurate for other reasons.

      Bottom line: there are substantial revisions to GDP. Speaking of *one* error margin is misleading. The initial release is much less accurate than the final release. Revisions between the initial and final release average about 1% in the US. So, if your initial estimate is that the economy is growing by 0.5%, it would not be uncommon to revise that down to -0.5% in the final release. Of course, -0.5% and 0.5% is the difference between a recession and stagnation/modest growth.

      In any case, none of this stuff is new. Economists, policymakers, and even many non-expert market participants as well as journalists have known about this for a long time. The sub is a bit pointless.

  34. Re:Big Mistake by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It is not the way out of the crisis, but a way of postponing solving its causes (while causing new ones).

  35. Pay Rise by MrL0G1C · · Score: 1

    Great, now all the staff that work for companies that aren't contracting and are still making nice big profits thank you very much, now they can give them a proper pay rise that makes up for when they shafted them with 0% pay rises because of the 'recession'.

    If you accepted a 0% pay rise then you're a mug and the directors who gave themselves another 10% are laughing at you.

    --
    Waterfox - a Firefox fork with legacy extension support, security updates and better privacy by default.
  36. Time to make stone of our hearts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    EU is complete for the moment. Don't allow any country to joing. Especially any of the eastern europe countries.
    Possibly cut off Romania ...
    Cut off some of the corrupt southern countries who lied anyway in the first place joining EU. Cut off Greece and possibly Italy and Spain.

  37. Dead cat bounce by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When something is falling steadily for a sufficiently long period of time random fluctuations will eventually cause one quarter to go positive.

  38. We can see from dynamics that this one will linger by davorh · · Score: 2

    Recently I was involved in research that showed big polarization in EU from North to South. There is big need to change mentality but this is not a fast process ... More details in this link http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120920/srep00678/full/srep00678.html

  39. Re:Big Mistake by Eunuchswear · · Score: 1

    Uh, Britain is in Europe you moron.

    And Britain is not doing any better than France, and considerably worse than Germany.

    --
    Watch this Heartland Institute video
  40. MOD UP by fritsd · · Score: 1

    That was a fascinating read (some statistics required). Is the butchers vs neurosurgeons example a commonly used model? It reminds me of an old joke I vaguely remember from when the EU was smaller:

    The Europe we want is where the cooks are French, the police are British, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian, and the bankers are Swiss.

    The Europe we have is where the cooks are British, the police are German, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and the bankers are Italian (well the latter is true currently).

    --
    To be, or not to be: isn't that quite logical, Slashdot Beta?
  41. The days of unbridled growth are over by HuguesT · · Score: 1

    Those died in 1975 or so, and there will hopefully never be another boom in the West like the one between 1945 and 1975. The reason is simple: everything was destroyed in 1945, hundreds of millions had died, and everything was there to be rebuilt. This is fortunately no longer the case.

    However this is not a normal situation. In peace, we should all expect a small, steady growth, more or less proportional to the population increase, but not much more, e.g. in the West anywhere between 0.5 to 2% a year. Anything more means someone is losing out somewhere. It is not quite a zero sum game, but almost.

    The thing we should be doing is invest in the long term future, but our political, economic and sociologic systems are not geared up to it. Everybody wants to become rich quick. Like the internet boom of the 2000, or the investment products craziness of 2008 or so, this is a game were only a very few win, and many lose. We should concentrate on avoiding investment bubbles and painful downturns. This will have to wait until the machines rise and make it happen for us (in the best possible outcome).

  42. warning: incoherent rant by fritsd · · Score: 1

    The liberal gentry and their pressure groups are going to permit the land use, water use, emissions, power generation, development and everything else to really recover.
    Not.
    They don't want it. Move in with your parents. Downsize yourself. Walk or stay home. That is the intended outcome.

    Our parental overlords and their pressure groups and lizard people are going to permit our cookie jar to magically refill itself.
    Not.
    They don't want it. They say that since we ate all the cookies, there are no more cookies. LIES! It's all their fault! You know who I mean.. them! The only reason for the lack of cookies is that they prevent the magical refilling process.

    In other words: you're ascribing intent to what is a natural process of reacting to diminishing resources and societal collapse. Because, if it's somebody's fault, then at least in theory (after that somebody has been scapegoated) it can be corrected.

    But people who try to live in reality see that people (e.g. their parents) grow older and feeble and will at one point die, and so it is with larger sociological constructs like corporations and societies and cultures. Like the apoptosis shortening your telomeres with every division, there are inevitable problems for our societies that cannot be solved with the political tools in place within our societies: "predicaments". So, they will fail to respond to certain classes of problems that are easy to see for outsiders but impossible / taboo to discuss within the organization: think "anathema".

    Conserving energy, doing with less, adapting your consumption pattern to the production levels, is anathema in the USA, I think (I could be wrong because I've never visited the USA and never will). It is only this which makes an energy crisis into a deadly societal problem; other cultures just grin and bear it, put their pants belts a few teeth smaller, move in with their parents, plant expensive vegetables themselves, hope their children (if they can afford children) will have it a little better.

    As long as there's a state of law and a sense of solidarity, many things are tolerable. The USSR collapsed and most people survived although it must have been a horrible time (read Dmitry Orlov or Jared Diamond, or "The Long Descent" by John Michael Greer, if you dare).

    --
    To be, or not to be: isn't that quite logical, Slashdot Beta?
  43. Trouble in the UK by EnglishTim · · Score: 1

    Recent figures suggesting (very) modest growth in the UK have been greeted with enthusiasm, but I still think as a country we're in trouble, and a big part of that I think is that wages have not in any way been keeping up with the huge rises in house prices over the last 20-30 years.

    The government is encouraging banks to lend to house buyers by guaranteeing a portion of the mortgages, but it seems to me to just be encouraging another bubble.

    The average full-time, permanent employee salary in the UK is around £24,500; the average house price is around £230,000 and rising; it'll be more in the South and less in the North, but even so, the average house price is nine times the average salary. It's just not sustainable.

  44. Economists: the modern Royal Readers of Entrails by whitroth · · Score: 1

    I just adore the use of the GDP to tell when an economy's in recession, depression, or not. The one in the US, for example, being declared over years ago...

    Tell that to everyone out of work, esp. those out of work for *years*.

    GDP is the mean, not the median. The "financial services" industry, incl. the market, are getting richer and richer, and so our GDP is going up, right?

    Horse hockey.

    A science has predictive power. An art has descriptive power. "Economics" has neither; rather, it has the track record of the writers of supermarket horoscopes. Yet they get paid good salaries, and are listened to... because it makes the new nobility, er, the 1%ers, very happy....

                    mark

  45. Mod parent up! by BigDaveyL · · Score: 1

    Wish I had the mod points.

    GDP growth is merely one metric.

  46. Re:Big Mistake by Cimexus · · Score: 1

    Ah ok I see.

    Hmm yeah, I suppose the "9-5" idiom doesn't make sense in Europe anyway considering they generally use 24h time there. 0900-1700 doesn't quite have the same ring to it.

  47. there is no "recession" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    it's just the crises inherent and immanent in the current economic system ruling the world. this system's goal is accelerating the process of makeing the rich richer and the poor poorer. this process can never be stopped or reversed - and all the factors softening the effects of this process in "Old Europe" are currently being smashed under the pretext of "fighting" this "crisis."
    Even in "economically strong" Germany the poor get poorer because the rich get richer (and vice-versa) (eg huge funds of taypayers' money have transferred to banks to "save" them thus securing this process).
    This is all part of the ruling economic system and will steady accelrate even more - it cannot be really changed from within this system (remember how and why Fordism cratered.)