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The Golden Gate Barrage: New Ideas To Counter Sea Level Rise

waderoush writes "What do Google, Facebook, Yahoo, Oracle, LinkedIn, and Intuit have in common? They're just a few of the tech companies whose campuses alongside San Francisco Bay could be underwater by mid-century as sea levels rise. It's time for these organizations and other innovators to put some of their fabled brainpower into coming up with new ideas to counter the threat, Xconomy argues today. One idea: the Golden Gate Barrage, a massive system of dams, locks, and pumps located in the shadow of the iconic bridge. Taller than the Three Gorges Dam in China, it would be one of the largest and costliest projects in the history of civil engineering. But at least one Bay Area government official says might turn out to be the simplest way to save hundreds of square miles of land around the bay from inundation."

58 of 341 comments (clear)

  1. Or... by nick357 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...maybe put that brainpower into solving the actual global problem, rather than finding a bandaid solution to the local symptom....

    1. Re:Or... by dkleinsc · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Umm, yeah, not going to happen. The powers that be in the US have pretty much decided they don't care about global warming, because it would cut into the profits of major industries like coal and oil and be expensive and unpleasant for everyone else.

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
    2. Re:Or... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      ...maybe put that brainpower into solving the actual global problem, rather than finding a bandaid solution to the local symptom....

      A phenomally expensive band-aid that will likely tear apart in an earthquake, adding an inrushing wall of water to the rest of the problems.

    3. Re:Or... by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I've kind of given up on that. Between the noxious attacks by oil company shill organizations like the Heartland Institute, halfwits who buy into anything that means they can fool themselves for a few more years, and a total lack of meaningful political will, I think we're fucked.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    4. Re:Or... by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Informative

      You are aware, I trust, that it is rising.
      http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sealevel.html

      It's more pronounced in some areas than others, but still, it's rising. So if you live in a low-lying coastal area, then this ought to be of concern to you.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    5. Re:Or... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      ...maybe put that brainpower into solving the actual global problem, rather than finding a bandaid solution to the local symptom....

      These comments really bother me. You do both simultaneously. Given the longevity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we'd still have a problem if we became an overnight net zero carbon society. A cardiologist doesn't refuse a stent because the patient lives an unhealthy lifestyle. You do both - fix the problem AND treat the root cause. It's not one or the other.

    6. Re:Or... by Rob+the+Bold · · Score: 2

      A phenomally [sic] expensive band-aid that will likely tear apart in an earthquake, adding an inrushing wall of water to the rest of the problems.

      Because no one would think to anticipate earthquakes in the vicinity of San Francisco when designing such a structure? Or do you have some other insight that I'm missing?

      --
      I am not a crackpot.
    7. Re:Or... by bhlowe · · Score: 3, Informative

      Why is it more pronounced in some areas? There is only one ocean.... A rise in the pacific ocean will raise the level of all other "oceans". Could it be that some land masses are sinking? An 3-4" rise over the next 100 years is unlikely to impact anyone currently alive and living in the Bay Area . Wake me up when ocean front property stops going up in value.

    8. Re:Or... by dkleinsc · · Score: 4, Informative

      Why is it more pronounced in some areas?

      Because the ocean isn't perfectly even. Tidal forces, wind and waves, currents, plate activity, volcanoes, it's constantly flowing every which way. I'd be surprised if the sea level rose exactly the same amount in Oahu and Cardiff.

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
    9. Re:Or... by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Insightful

      when and if sea level actually starts to rise... we'll talk.

      Human activity does not just raise temperatures. It also raises the rate of increase. If you have taken calculus, and know what a derivative is, then it is not "h" that is increasing but dh/dt. So if we wait till sealevel rises, it will be too late. It is like refusing to get off the railroad tracks until you can actually see the train hit you.

      The denialists made the same "show me the evidence" remark about the ice caps a decade ago. Today there is a million square miles of open water where there was previously ice for more than ten thousand years.

    10. Re:Or... by CanHasDIY · · Score: 2

      Problems should be solved because they need to be solved; equally, elected officials should do what's best for the people who elected them, not whichever industry organization gives them the biggest kickback.

      To that end, why should, say, Missouri politicians give a rat's arse about coastal flooding? Hell, if the sea level rises enough it could very well be to our advantage; ocean-front property in Branson would bring in some serious bucks :)

      (in case you were wondering, yes, I am being half-assed satirical.)

      --
      An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
    11. Re:Or... by jittles · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Why is it more pronounced in some areas? There is only one ocean.... A rise in the pacific ocean will raise the level of all other "oceans". Could it be that some land masses are sinking? An 3-4" rise over the next 100 years is unlikely to impact anyone currently alive and living in the Bay Area . Wake me up when ocean front property stops going up in value.

      When I was in school I took a class called "Violent Weather" and the textbook for that class indicated that the Western Pacific has more water volume than the Eastern Pacific because wind and currents pool the water up in the east, and that the water must be pushed deep under the surface to go back West. This water current typically releases its flow off the coast of Chile/Peru, if I remember correctly.

    12. Re:Or... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      The reference quoted also shows that the US production of atmospheric CO2 is roughly flat over the years from 2008 through 2011 while China's has been steadily increasing. In 2011 according to that data, China was producing something like 55% MORE than the USA.

      I know it is fashionable to bash the USA and it is a fun sport, but every now and again it may pay to take off the tinfoil hat and look at real data.

    13. Re:Or... by mpaque · · Score: 5, Informative

      > when and if sea level actually starts to rise... we'll talk

      Water level measurements from the San Francisco gage (CA Station ID: 9414290) indicate that mean sea level rose by an average of 2.01 millimeters (mm) per year from 1897 to 2006, equivalent to a change of eight inches in the last century. The rate of rise has increased to about 3 mm per year over the past 15 years.

      This is the oldest tidal guage in continuous operation in the United States, and is located near the Golden Gate.

      http://www.energy.ca.gov/2012publications/CEC-500-2012-014/CEC-500-2012-014.pdf

    14. Re:Or... by riverat1 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The complexities of sea level is a fascinating subject. Ocean currents and prevailing winds can cause the water to pile up higher in places that it would otherwise be. The gravitational attraction of the Antarctic ice sheet causes sea level to be higher for thousands of miles around the continent than it would otherwise be. IIRC it's about 20 feet higher along the coast of Antarctica. More here.

    15. Re:Or... by vux984 · · Score: 2

      if the ocean is constantly moving then you can't actually measure if it's rising or falling. Because it would need to stop moving to measure it.

      So when im filling a pool from a hose while the kids are playing in it its impossible to determine that levels are rising, because of the waves and turbulence?

      Strictly speaking,

      You are a terrible scientist?

    16. Re:Or... by dywolf · · Score: 5, Informative

      Essentially your starting point is inherently invalid: a rise in the Pacific Ocean wont necessary result in a raise of all the other oceans. As pointed out, already the Pacific Ocean is higher than the Atlantic. This is most easily seen at the Panama Canal, where there's only 50 miles of seperation, yet a 30 foot difference in elevation (which when talking about oceans, is a HUGE difference in volume). You'd think there would be flow around the continents to even out the sea levels, but thats ignoring how the difference came to be int eh first place. The difference is created and maintained by the thermohaline circulation of the ocean.

      Simiarly tides aren't uniform around the world. Some places the tidal range is less than a foot. Other's its >30 feet. The record is 53 feet, located somewhere in Nova Scotia (i think). Local geography (water basin shape/size) and local gravity distortions (mountains/valleys) all have an effect on tides.

      Water flows. Changes in water level aren't instantaneous. Even ignoring any of the internal currents, tides, geography (that would affect flow rates), and the thermohaline circulation inherent in the ocean and assuming the ocean has a prismatic uniformity of nature, the ocean is so large that even small changes in sea level would take a long time to propogate worldwide. And as point out, some differences in sea level wont propagate.

      And of course the ocean ISNT uniform in nature. its very dynamic, precisely because of its large size. the thermohaline circulation has a lot to do with why the ocean doesnt have a uniformity of elevation worldwide, and is probably similarly responsible for the most different rates/amounts of local sea level rise. then there's still the tides and such as well on top of that.

      --
      The guy who said the election was rigged won the presidency with the second-most votes.
  2. SanFran would be the new NOLA. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Let's build an extremely complex system of levees in an area prone to high magnitude earthquakes.

    What could possibly go wrong?

    1. Re:SanFran would be the new NOLA. by rickb928 · · Score: 2

      Imagine building all this to keep the sea out, and then to find that the wave you weren't expecting is coming from the shore. After the Big One. Tsunami. Crushing your system from the other side.

      At least it won't have a thousand miles to travel. Traffic around LA is a beast.

      --
      deleting the extra space after periods so i can stay relevant, yeah.
  3. Re:So... by ColdWetDog · · Score: 5, Funny

    I'm sort of neutral about Google, but drowning those other three companies in salt water sounds like a net plus to me.

    Keep the heat on. Lets put a whole bunch more shrimp on the barbies! (They'll probably go extinct in a couple of decades anyway).

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  4. So, who pays? by timeOday · · Score: 5, Interesting
    In general it is good to make people accountable for the costs of their own actions. In the case of global warming, many of the people who burned much of the fossil fuel will be dead by the time the consequences occur, and in addition it's a global cause.

    I wonder if we wouldn't just be better off writing some laws now that say, "look, don't come crying to us when your expensive beach-front property goes underwater. Factor that into the price before you buy."

    We need a carbon tax just to speed the transition to less less-polluting energy sources; if we instead use that money to repair thousands of miles of coastline and keep burning fossil fuel, we solve nothing.

    1. Re:So, who pays? by tnk1 · · Score: 2

      A carbon tax remains a policy option, but if you focus on one policy option, you might as well plan for what is really going to happen. No one wants a tax on that because no one wants to be taxed on something they don't understand and can't perceive. I know everyone's all fixated on making people pay the "social costs" of something, but I think we should drop the idealism and work on some policies that don't thrust the concept down people's throats, because it is an entirely alien concept.

      I'd envision a multipronged approach that focuses on outreach and smaller remediation proposals with education that will eventually explain to younger people the case for voting for more effective proposals. With conservatives or people too old to care about the future, it is usually best to compromise with them and wait for them to die. Otherwise, they will work to poison the political landscape for future generations instead of remaining blissfully ignorant and letting progress take its course.

  5. Suck some silicon valley ego out of the bay by JoeyRox · · Score: 4, Funny

    That should be good for a few feet of water.

  6. Amazing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    According to NOAA, the actual average sea level rise over the last 100 years has been about 2 MILLIMETERS per year, or 200mm/century, or about 8 inches per 100 years. Here's the official data http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?stnid=9414290. If you look at the chart you'll see that the trend has actually dropped to about zero mm / year for the last 30 years.

    So, in light of this, we need the biggest engineering project in history?

    1. Re:Amazing by Overzeetop · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I can save them a few trillion dollars: move to higher ground.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  7. Why not just move? by jelwell · · Score: 2

    Why not just move? Sea barriers is literally pushing the problem around. That solves nothing.
    Joseph Elwell.

    1. Re:Why not just move? by Overzeetop · · Score: 2

      Letting the air out of your tires to fit under a low bridge ignores the possibility of having someone pay you to design and construct a much nicer, taller bridge. If you're not the one paying for it, you may as well go for the splashiest (!) solution you can dream up.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  8. huh by phantomfive · · Score: 3, Funny

    Google, Facebook, Yahoo, Oracle, LinkedIn, and Intuit have in common? They're just a few of the tech companies whose campuses alongside San Francisco Bay could be underwater by mid-century as sea levels rise

    And all this time I thought Global Warming would be a bad thing. Is there any way we can speed this up, get those companies under water faster?

    --
    "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
  9. Re:This Begs the Question by MightyMartian · · Score: 2

    In the short or long term? Remember, in this world of corporate profits, the long term is absolutely fucking meaningless. Long term to the sociopaths we've put in charge of the global economy is no more six to eight quarters.

    --
    The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
  10. NOT approved by the Emperor! by Thud457 · · Score: 4, Funny

    If Emperor Norton didn't come up with the idea, it's just ridiculous blue-sky dreaming.

    --

    the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

  11. Re:So... by MiniMike · · Score: 3, Funny

    I thought it was a statement that one of those other companies just couldn't be counted on.

  12. Re:Those places must suck to work in today... by Comrade+Ogilvy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Or add four feet of dirt.

    The water portion of the SF Bay was once twice the size it is right now. The reason those pieces of commercial (and residential) real estate are vulnerable is they are built on areas that once were 6 inches underwater at hide tide. They are not underwater every single day because dirt was shipped in.

    They shipped in four feet of dirt to create the problem. How about we solve the problem with four more feet of dirt?

    As for the barrage, the ecological costs would be enormous. A few merely massive pumping stations is not going to prevent the bay water from becoming a smelly cess pool polluted by agricultural runoff and much worse from the residential areas. It is a fun idea for civil engineers, but we are wealthy enough here to employ less tricky solution that will be more reliable.

  13. Re:So... by ThatsLoseNotLoose · · Score: 2

    Ooops. Commenting to undo my accidental "flamebait" moderation.

  14. Re:So... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Our *three* weapons are fear, and surprise, ruthless efficiency...and an almost fanatical devotion to the Pope

  15. What about people? by Princeofcups · · Score: 2

    So we have to build this to protect companies. Actually, company property. OK, no, actually the property that they rent, since they probably don't own it. What about the PEOPLE that will be flooded. Why should I care about protecting companies? Is our mindset really so fucked up that companies come first? Rhetorical question.

    --
    The only thing worse than a Democrat is a Republican.
  16. Re:So... by jythie · · Score: 5, Insightful

    With cash reserves like their's, they can just move instead. There is nothing special about the land they are using... the historical reason such projects made sense in the past was they were reclaiming farmable land, which is not quite as interchangeable as corporate parks.

  17. Re:So... by TheNastyInThePasty · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This article is one of the dumbest things I have read in a long time. Not only is the dam system stupid but there's no way these companies would actually do this. It's so much cheaper and easier to just move to a new location.

    --
    The best thing about UDP jokes is I don't care if you get them or not
  18. this makes no sense at all by sribe · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So, in order to protect against a rise in sea level of no more than 1 foot in the absolute worst case, they need to build a system of dams, locks and pumps greater than 600 feet high???

    1. Re:this makes no sense at all by HiThere · · Score: 2

      Sorry, but 1 foot isn't the worst case scenario. It's the "Probably not more than" scenario. The worst case is actually measured in meters, but is probably unlikely. (It requires massive releases of methane from submerged methyl cathlates.)

      (Actually, even that isn't the worst case. A real worst case would be a dinosaur killer size asteroid impacting near Antarctica. That would lead to a tsunami perhaps a thousand feet high, and .... well, the rest wouldn't really matter. But all of Antarctica would melt. Steam might not reach the Arctic. Land strikes are much more survivable)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
  19. An extreme response ... by jamesl · · Score: 2

    ... to a not so extreme event.

    From the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report:
    Climate Change 2007

    Sea level is projected to rise between the present (1980 - 1999) and the end of this century (2090 - 2099) by 0.35 m (0.23 to 0.47 m) for the A1B scenario ...
    http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch11s11-9-4.html

    Costly too.

  20. Re:So... by roc97007 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Well, of course. Even if for some reason the companys elected to stay, they'd naturally expect the government to build the structures using taxpayer money.

    --
    Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
  21. Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers by McGruber · · Score: 2
    This is a stupid article:

    There is only one way for ocean water to go in and out, and that’s through the Golden Gate, a 300-foot-deep gap in the Coastal Range that was originally gouged out thousands of years ago by a mighty river.

    As a result of this lucky geological accident, it would be possible in theory to control the water level in the Bay—to put a stopper in the bathtub drain—by building a massive tidal gate, more or less in the shadow of the Golden Gate Bridge. The ideal location, based on tidal velocities and the topography of the Bay bottom, would be about half a mile east of the bridge, as shown in the graphic above.

    The author overlooked the Sacramento & San Joaquin Rivers, both of which drain into the San Francisco Bay. You don't put a "stopper in the bathtub drain" when you cannot turn off the faucet flowing into that bathtub.

    1. Re:Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers by istartedi · · Score: 2

      Actually you can turn off those rivers. You just shouldn't. The Colorado's delta is virtually dry because we divert so much water. In the early 20th century we did a lot of things like that, and now we're just starting to see the problems. The problem with dumping river water on soil in arid areas is that it concentrates salts. Some actually blame this kind of irrigation for the fall of ancient civilizations in South America. We're already seeing salination in some Central Valley soils. There have been some moves to restore the rivers, so that salmon will run again and original habitat will be restored. OTOH, Jerry Brown wants to create a huge mega-engineering project in the delta. It remains to be seen how we'll trend on this.

      --
      For all intensive purposes, "whom" is no longer a word. That begs the question, "who cares"?
  22. Re:This Begs the Question by amicusNYCL · · Score: 2

    I forget, how does "the Space Elevator" address sea level rise? Do we just put all of the water on the elevator?

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
  23. Re:Massive pumps by hawguy · · Score: 2

    Given that the bay is 400-1600 sq. miles (depends what you count as part of the bay). 400 sq mile is 11,151,360,000 sq ft. So 650,000 cu ft/sec corresponds to a rise of 5.83e-6 ft/sec -- about 2 inches for a 24 hours period. Maybe they won't have an immediate emergency if they fall behind just a little in their rate of pumping.

    That's just one inlet, don't forget to add in the square mileage from all of the cities that dump their storm drains into the bay, rain entering the bay from other, smaller waterways, as well as rain falling on the bay directly - Sandy dumped 8 - 12" of rain in many places. So if you close the gates 2 days before the surge hits you may have a few feet of water behind the gates before the surge even comes.

  24. Re:So... by roc97007 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    ...or old oil tankers? :-)

    --
    Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
  25. Re:This Begs the Question by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

    I think maybe he's talking about getting off this mudball. We'd need a series of elevators for that, though, and then a whole lot of other hand-waving besides.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  26. Re:Steady State by archer,+the · · Score: 2

    bah! "33% change to one variable in this massive system".

  27. Re:So... by TheNastyInThePasty · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Suddenly though the plot of Pacific Rim becomes a perfect metaphor for global warming. Our leaders pushing people to build giant dams to protects us from the monsters coming from the sea that are unleashed by a greedy class of beings that want only to strip our world of all its resources. None of the solutions actually working until the problem is attacked at its source.

    --
    The best thing about UDP jokes is I don't care if you get them or not
  28. Re:So... by Frobnicator · · Score: 3, Insightful

    With cash reserves like their's, they can just move instead. There is nothing special about the land they are using... the historical reason such projects made sense in the past was they were reclaiming farmable land, which is not quite as interchangeable as corporate parks.

    It is not just San Francisco that is worried. Water levels won't just rise in that one city.

    Turns out people have already done research on who lives in low-lying coastal regions. About 10% of the global population will likely need to move. 2/3 of the world's largest cities would be swamped or submerged.

    The United States might lose only 5% of its land. Countries like India will lose half of their land. Some island nations will be completely uninhabitable.

    Even if sea walls cost quadrillions of dollars globally to delay the eventual flooding of the land, that is likely still cheaper than such a massive sudden loss of existing infrastructure. It is cheaper (for a few centuries, at least) to spend a few trillion dollars protecting major cities than it is to completely rebuild the cities elsewhere.

    Yes the people will need to eventually move through both a planned migration and normal population growth. Relocating 10% of the global population in just a few short decades is a much harder problem to solve, and a much more expensive proposition, than to build the massive walls around existing large cities.

    --
    //TODO: Think of witty sig statement
  29. Re:So... by Quasimodem · · Score: 2

    An advantage for living in Denver has finally become perceptible.

  30. Re:So... by LordLimecat · · Score: 2

    Its hard to know if youre jabbing at companies or not. Somewhere out there, someone actually thinks its appropriate to criticize a private business for not financing a boondoogle system of locks.

  31. Re:So... by GameboyRMH · · Score: 2

    Maybe lash them all together with some smaller boats, forming some kind of large Raft...

    --
    "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
  32. Re:So... by Mr.+Firewall · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Precisely.

    The "Climate Change" that threatens these companies is the economic climate of the former Golden State.

    At 3.25 inches per century (the current rate of sea level rise in California), by the time those campi have been inundated some tens of thousands of years from now, all of those companies will have either moved or gone under -- not from water, but by the flood of taxes and regulations in the Golden [Fleece] State.

    --
    In times of universal deceit, telling the truth gets you modded -1 Troll
  33. sudden loss of existing infrastructure by NotQuiteReal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It is not so sudden if you have a 50-100 year warning... so it would be cheaper to move, just not all at once. Start now by placing incentives in place. It is not in the public interest, for example, to provide government insurance for known coastal flood zones.

    Like so many problems, it is not an all or nothing deal. Declare now that public funds will not be used for massive dyke projects, and publish a reasonable timetable describing tapering off of any flood coverage, such that the percentage of coverage is zero in 50 years. You can't fight nature, but there will be no end of people willing to take the money to try.

    --
    This issue is a bit more complicated than you think.
  34. Re:So..possible.Boondoggle by roc97007 · · Score: 2

    Of course they are. In fact the computers they're using are generating so much heat that... hey, wait a minute...

    --
    Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
  35. Re:So... by killkillkill · · Score: 3, Funny

    You act as though the ground in San Francisco could sudden shift and tear the seawall apart.

  36. Re:So... by Notabadguy · · Score: 2

    Or, instead of trying to stop the earth from moving, consider the following:

    3% of earth's above-water landmass is covered in urban areas.
    Counting any part of the earth's surface that has any human or agricultural footprint, 43% of the earth's land surface is "inhabited."

    Instead of pouring national economy's resources into protecting a fraction of a fraction's percent of landmass, they could all just move somewhere else. 57% of the earth's land surface doesn't even have anyone on it to say otherwise.

    They wouldn't even have to move around the world. You could stick the entire population of California, let alone just the Bay area into Montana, invite the ocean to sweep in and wash away the grime of the west coast, and turn Vegas and Phoenix into new port cities.