Slashdot Mirror


Most Cave Paintings Were Painted By Women, Says Penn State Researcher

barlevg writes "Analyzing hand-prints found in cave sites, an archaeologist from Penn State University has concluded that roughly 75% of all ancient cave art was painted by women. Previously it was thought that neolithic cave paintings were made mostly by men, perhaps to chronicle their kills. But an analysis of the relative lengths of fingers in hand stencils found on cave walls suggests that it was mostly prehistoric women--not men--who created these works."

31 of 205 comments (clear)

  1. In other news by marcello_dl · · Score: 5, Funny

    In related news, primitive hand stencils in caves are now likely considered as the first crude attempts at nail painting.

    --
    ---- MISSING MISCELLANEOUS DATA SEGMENT --- [sigdash] trolololol
    1. Re:In other news by bob_super · · Score: 4, Funny

      Genius! He just opened his facebook and saw who's writing the most on the walls.

    2. Re:In other news by king+neckbeard · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Sexual division of labor does occur quite regularly in other mammals, although it doesn't necessarily fall into the same division across species. The primary factor behind it was likely the result of the differing economics of risk and a few other factors. Humans are omnivores, so meat and plants make for useful food sources, meaning that there are reasons to both hunt and to gather. Hunting is dangerous and has a high chance of failure, but men can survive at lower body fat percentages because they don't have a baby factory to maintain, and one male can impregnate several females, so a male dying is less of a blow to the population. After these roles were established, traits that were useful for these divided roles were selected for if not already present, as they would be a more desirable mate.

      --
      This is my signature. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
    3. Re:In other news by philip.paradis · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Those who question a popular position, especially in a mocking or condescending manner, should strive to demonstrate a perfunctory attempt at providing evidence in support of an alternate viewpoint prior to publicly adopting the contrarian position.

      To put this in simpler terms, either show evidence to support your specific position, or shut the fuck up and stop representing untested and unsupported ideas to be on the same plane as widely recognized and supported views that indicate only a vanishingly small degree of gender parity among Homo sapiens males and females with respect to sexual division of labor related to hunting responsibilities.

      Have a nice day.

      --
      Write failed: Broken pipe
  2. What interested me by i+kan+reed · · Score: 5, Interesting

    What interested me about his research was the evidence that sexual dimorphism in humans was substantially stronger in the paleolithic than today.

    To me that adds credence to the notion that society has removed a lot of the need for distinguishing between genders. Which was neat.

    1. Re:What interested me by SJHillman · · Score: 5, Funny

      I thought it was alcohol that removed the need to distinguish between genders.

    2. Re:What interested me by FlopEJoe · · Score: 5, Funny

      To me that adds credence to the notion that society has removed a lot of the need for distinguishing between genders.

      I rather enjoy the distinguishing features between genders.

    3. Re:What interested me by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      While the full study may have done a better job at establishing this than the article, I'm less than convinced that the dimorphism was actually sexual dimorphism. The article made it sound like the scientists built a contemporary database of hand dimensions, which showed a slight sexual dimorphism. They then compared this database with the hand prints from cave paintings, and found a much more dramatic split between the different morphologies (the archeologist stated that "they fall at the extreme ends, and even beyond the extreme ends"). I am not an anthropologist, but when I read that, I read that the scale is broken, not that we can say that "men were men and women were women". It seems equally (maybe more) likely that the major differences were more the result of tribal isolation, since there was no information suggesting that they had compared actual neolithic remains against their scale.

      If there are biologists out there who can tell me why my skepticism is stupid, I'd love to hear about it. At the moment, though, I'm in the "extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof" state of skepticism.

    4. Re:What interested me by H0p313ss · · Score: 4, Funny

      I thought it was alcohol that removed the need to distinguish between genders.

      While this is more true in Appalachia, correlation does not equal causation.

      --
      XML is a known as a key material required to create SMD: Software of Mass Destruction
    5. Re:What interested me by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      a woman can wave a credit card just as well as a man.

      You're not married, are you?

    6. Re:What interested me by Jappus · · Score: 5, Informative

      The 10% includes those who have bisexual urges, but identify as heterosexual.

      In that case, the number would be likely much higher. After all, if the Kinsey studies have shown one thing, it is that pure homosexuality is as rare as pure heterosexuality. Most people fall into the range where they "merely" strongly favour one gender over another, but not to the exclusion of the other.

      Furthermore, sexual attraction is not the same thing as actually wanting sexual intercourse. It ranges from simple and almost universal things like the benign interest in the aesthetics of human bodies -- no matter the gender --, over gendered group bonding (best example: sports clubs) up until bonding with a specific individuals (best example here: soldiers in war).

      And then remember that your mind is also capable of empathy on all levels. For example, if you see someone cut themselves, you most likely feel a mirror of their pain. That's why horror movies are so effective.
      The same is true for sexuality. After all, if that were not the case, porn would not be as effective and desired (by any culture, any gender, really).

      For example, if you see a movie in which two people kiss, do you totally ignore one partner? No, you perceive and are affected by them both. You might like some combinations of genders better than others, but you can not deny that the kiss will affect you either way and that something in your brain will mirror the feelings (physical as well as emotional) conveyed by the kiss.

      Additionally, sexuality is the result of a developmental process and like any such feature (height, skin color, etc.) it has as much a genetic "pre-set" component as well as a environmental component that can divert the development. If you flood a male embryo with androgen-blockers, the embryo will turn physically female, along with an increased chance to be attracted to men. Same if you flood a female embryo with the right cocktail of male hormones.

      And like your final body height is influenced by the supply of nutrients during development, sexual orientation is influenced by a myriad of environmental factors. And like height, the result is a sliding scale. In many ways, your genes only supply the starting point for that first cell, but not where you will end up.

      As such, if you don't limit "bisexual urges" to people who actively strive to have physical sex with either gender, you will see that your 10% is an estimate on the lowest conservative threshold.

    7. Re:What interested me by Known+Nutter · · Score: 3, Interesting

      a) He doesn't know shit about what life was like back then. Nothing wrong with that. b) He doesn't know that he doesn't know. Something seriously wrong with that. c) Who gives a shit anyway?

      d) you don't know anything about it, either.

      I'd be willing to bet folks much smarter than you know plenty of "shit" (to use your academic term) about life "back then."

      Like anything else, it's pretty easy to simply dismiss that which you do not understand.

      --
      Beware of the Leopard.
    8. Re:What interested me by Jappus · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The Kinsey studies were flawed and debunked a while ago. Get with the times.

      Just like Newton's ideas about gravity and the mechanistic universe were shown as flawed and debunked by the advent of relativity and quantum theory.

      Being incomplete, yes, even being flawed, is not to be unexpected for scientific theories and studies. Indeed, almost all such endeavors in the history of mankind turned out to be flawed and incomplete. That does not diminish their importance though, as attempts to reduce the blurriness of our understanding of the world.

      This is why I led my post with the deliberate statement of "[...] if the Kinsey studies have shown one thing [...]"; implying directly that I know that they were somewhat flawed and in many ways also a product of their times.
      Still, their importance (along with similar studies done in Europe around the same time) helped western society grasp that a binary model of sexuality is even more deeply flawed and incomplete.

      That is not to say the binary model does not approximately correspond to nature -- after all most species need heterosexual sex to procreate. It merely needed pointing out that it was missing a lot of the nuances of reality. Nuances that, when ignored, can lead to to wrong conclusions and predictions. And since these are applied to humans (instead of falling apples, to stay with Newton), the results of such errors can be quite ugly.

  3. Is that why they lack perspective? by presidenteloco · · Score: 4, Funny

    (deserved slap/punch)

    --

    Where are we going and why are we in a handbasket?
    1. Re:Is that why they lack perspective? by sandytaru · · Score: 3, Interesting

      They had a better grasp on perspective than some Medieval and Byzantine artists thousands of years later.

      --
      Occasionally living proof of the Ballmer peak.
    2. Re:Is that why they lack perspective? by GodfatherofSoul · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I was a big art history buff back in the day and humanity has had the same artistic ability throughout our history. What changes is the purpose of an artistic creation. Some cave painting were used in hunting rituals (they can sometimes be seen scratched with weapons), so they weren't intended to be too realistic as the theory I heard says that might capture the spirit of the animal somehos. You can see in some cave paintings that the artists are well aware of perspective (legs of animals are accurate 3D projections) and even do a pretty good job of capturing proportions of prey animals; including making females pregnant.

      Medieval art loses its "quality" because Christian culture at the time viewed art as an earthly pursuit. Even paintings of religious icons if don't too well could be perceived as idoltry. That did lead to a dropoff in talent, but that was because that wasn't their aim. Most of what we as modern viewers see as distortions or poor quality are very deliberate attempts to communicate a higher concept that literal recreation.

      --
      I swear to God...I swear to God! That is NOT how you treat your human!
    3. Re:Is that why they lack perspective? by Tablizer · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Medieval art is not "poor quality" in my observation. It's often quite carefully done and ornate. Thus your theory about "done too well being idolatry" (paraphrased) does not hold much water in my opinion.

      But that art it also highly abstract. The lack of perspective seemed to provide a symbolic feel to the images as if they are intended as icons or pictograms rather than literal images.

      It may be they did that to make it easier to convey a story or social rankings to the uneducated masses. If you want to show a sequence or social rankings, for example, then perspective tends to get in the way because it would hide or "distort" the importance or order of things because it's affected by physical location rather than symbolic "location" in rank or time.

      Look at a typical Windows desktop: the icons are rather flat and/or half-hazard in their perspective because they are not intended to mirror reality as their primary goal. (Well, okay, MS does lack art talent also :-)

      Similarly, Sunday paper cartoons tend to down-play perspective because they are tuned to show a story, not a physical scene. Parts that help tell a story, such as faces, eyes, mouths, and hands are often bigger than normal relative to the rest of the body.

      But, I do agree with your general premise that the purpose of art changes over time or per culture and it heavily affects the style.

      It's also interesting that after camera technology become wide-spread, then the art of the day resorted to being more symbolic (cubism, impressionism, etc.). This is because cameras made realism a cheap commodity such that (well-done) symbolism was the new status symbol and difference maker.

  4. Don't discount the obvious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The paintings are there to boast about their hunting skills and number of kills. The hand prints and stencils are there to boast about the number of women that the caveman has.

    1. Re:Don't discount the obvious by Any+Web+Loco · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'm not sure why you think your explanation is obvious. Here's another obvious explanation: "the paintings are there to symbolise the animal spirits they worshipped. The hand prints and stencils are there to show their animal gods how many worshipping children they have in this tribe."

      Both explanations project our own viewpoints onto these people - there's nothing obvious about either. The only thing that's "obvious" here is that it seems, assuming the men have longer ring fingers thing held true back then, that the paintings were done by women.

  5. Re:still... by firex726 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Yea, while not getting into the politics of it, historically women were disadvantaged in terms of education and expression.
    Is it any wonder that there was more notable male scientist and artists when women would not be allowed to pursue higher education?

  6. Re:How do they know the stencils are accurate? by damn_registrars · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I always thought the "hand outlines" discussed here were created by blowing powder through a straw or tube over the hand on the wall.

    I was suspecting that as well, and if that is the case the same potential for inaccuracy applies. It would be much like trying to trace something with a can of spray paint. On top of that is also the fact that some of the hand stencils are above the likely average height of a person at that time - requiring them to be holding their hand above their head - which would change the angle of spraying and the angle at which the powder hits the wall.

    --
    Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
  7. Small and Unreliable Sample? by ConaxConax · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It seems a little risky to make such a story with the maths they are using. As the article says they tested 32 hand prints, and 24 handprints were female, with the algorithm determining if the handprints belonged to a male or female painter having an accuracy of 60%. That doesn't seem very conclusive to me.

    1. Re:Small and Unreliable Sample? by dcollins · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "As the article says they tested 32 hand prints, and 24 handprints were female, with the algorithm determining if the handprints belonged to a male or female painter having an accuracy of 60%."

      60% accuracy for the modern sample, not the research sample. FTA:

      Because there is a lot of overlap between men and women, however, the algorithm wasn't especially precise: It predicted the sex of Snow's modern sample with about 60 percent accuracy. Luckily for Snow, that wasn't a problem for the analysis of the prehistoric handprints. As it turned out—much to his surprise—the hands in the caves were much more sexually dimorphic than modern hands, meaning that there was little overlap in the various hand measurements.

      --
      We know where leadership by an anti-intellectual "strongman" who scapegoats minorities and likes boisterous rallies goes
  8. A primate tale as old as time. by VortexCortex · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Have they considered the null hypothesis?

    Have they thought that perhaps men were simply less narcissistic, and just like on Youtube where women more commonly display their faces in their videos than men, the women stenciled their hands more frequently than the men... You know, because it's the painting not the damn hand that matters -- It's the content not the face presenting it that matters... yet they show their faces, even if it means obscuring a part of the content.

    There's something deeply evolutionary to that: Women primarily value social standing of mates. Males primarily value youth and fertility / beauty -- visually identifiable things. As the peacock displays its plumage for the peahen, so to do the female humans instinctively put on displays for their prospective mates, while the guys try to "impress the girls" with what they have, can do, or provide.

    "Look at this cave painting I made, I'm a good artist." "Yeah, well look at how sexy my hand is, you like being touched by it."

    The study proves nothing, IMO. Look to the neurology we've inherited from our ancestors, there you will find the same ratios you can use to surmise which sex favored/favors certain behaviors now and in the past.

  9. In other news by foma84 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Anthropologists debung male-centric myths, tech site breeds tens of sexist-joke comments.
    Stay classy.

  10. Re:making a big splash with bad science by olsmeister · · Score: 3, Interesting

    In most males, the ring finger is longer than the index finger. In most females, it's the opposite. Seems like all they would have to do is look at some hand prints to tell for sure.

  11. Re:Don't rule out misogyny by foma84 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Neither patriarchy nor (private) property are thought to be present until very recent history (about 10.000 years, compared to 200.000 of Homo Sapiens).
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchy

  12. Re:still... by SJHillman · · Score: 3, Insightful

    TL;DR version: Men wrote the history books, but they didn't do all of the history.

  13. Re:still... by I'm+New+Around+Here · · Score: 3, Funny

    No he wasn't. He was just holding that penis for a friend.

    --
    If you think I voted for Trump because of this post, you're wrong. I voted for Dr. Jill Stein of the Green Party. Again.
  14. All we really know... by David_Hart · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ... is that most hand reliefs are likely of a woman's hand, it doesn't mean that they did the art work.

    It's a bit of a leap to go from identifying what gender the hand belongs to and who actually did the cave paintings. I'm guessing that the assumption is that the hand relief is the artist's signature. But we have no way of knowing that this is true or not. It could be just another image denoting the artists history (i.e. got married today).

    Whoever painted them, cave paintings are cool!!

  15. Re:Makes sense in some ways by cusco · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Given the time and lifestyle involved in such times, women were not really allowed to do much of anything.

    Citation Needed. If you look at neolithic cultures around the world the society you describe was actually rare. Hunter/gathering societies need both parts of that equation; people hunting food and people gathering food. Interestingly, different societies partition the food processing differently. Sometimes the men do the grinding, sometimes it's the women, sometimes the men do all the butchering, sometimes the women do. IIRC, two New Guinea tribes considered each other heretics because in one group only the men cooked the meat, and in the other only the women did.

    --
    "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin