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Scientists Says Jellyfish Are Taking Over the Oceans

Hugh Pickens DOT Com writes "Karla Cripps reports at CNN that a combination of overfishing, warming water, low oxygen and pollution are creating perfect conditions for jellyfish to multiply. "The jellyfish seem to be the ones that are flourishing in this while everything else is suffering," says Australian jellyfish researcher Lisa-ann Gershwin. In 2000, a bloom of sea tomato jellyfish in Australia was so enormous — it stretched for more than 1,000 miles from north to south — that it was even visible from space. While most blooms are not quite that big, Gershwin's survey of research on jellyfish from the last few decades indicate that populations are most likely on the rise, and that this boom is taking place in an ocean that is faced with overfishing, acid rain, nutrient pollution from fertilizers and climate change, among other problems. This past summer, southern Europe experienced one of its worst jellyfish infestations ever. Experts there have been reporting a steady increase in the number of jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea for years. With more than 2,000 species of jellyfish swimming through the world's waters, most stings are completely harmless, some will leave you in excruciating pain, then there are the killers. There are several species of big box jellyfish that have caused many deaths — these include chironex fleckeri in Australia, known as the "most lethal jellyfish in the world whose sting can kill in three minutes. "Just the lightest brush — you don't even feel it — and then, whammo, you're in more pain than you ever could have imagined, and you are struggling to breathe and you can't move your limbs and you can't stop vomiting and your blood pressure just keeps going up and up," says Gershwin. "It is really surprising how many places they occur around the world — places you would never expect: Hawaii, Caribbean, Florida, Wales, New Caledonia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, India ... as well as Australia.""

40 of 274 comments (clear)

  1. Ethical fishing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Time to dust off that recipe for sesame jelly fish with chili sauce.

    1. Re:Ethical fishing by dpilot · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I know you're making a joke, but it's actually serious. They're busy trying to promote eating Lionfish, another troublesome invasive species. Perhaps not coincidentally, Lionfish can also be dangerous to handle, so part of the promotion is teaching people how to safely handle and prepare them.

      There were several jellyfish recpies, but your sesame jellyfish is the only one with a picture.

      --
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    2. Re:Ethical fishing by Charliemopps · · Score: 3, Funny

      Maybe because Jelly fish tastes like slimy Jello that paralyzes your tong?

    3. Re:Ethical fishing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      What we need to do, is help sea turtles out more, as they are the ones that were eating these jellyfish for centuries before their population took a hit.

    4. Re:Ethical fishing by GameboyRMH · · Score: 5, Funny

      Too bad there's no use for jellyfish in traditional Chinese medicine. No it's always tiger dicks and rhino horns and elephant tusks and other stuff from endangered species.

      Actually...hey you know I heard that eating about 10lbs of jellyfish per day will totally make your dick huge and hard and give it super-strength, 4 realz. Pass it on! Especially eastward!

      --
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    5. Re:Ethical fishing by Derec01 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I am concerned that's a terrible solution. Largely because if the fish comes into demand, and the cost to farm them drops below the catch and transport cost from where they already are invading, you could just get introductions to new places.

      It would seem to work as long as they are incredibly plentiful, but we certainly haven't eliminated chickens by eating them.

    6. Re:Ethical fishing by psithurism · · Score: 4, Funny

      The stiff parts of gargantuan or viscous animals have always been a target for those who want to gain raging, gargantuan stiff parts themselves, since you are what you eat. The placebo effect is not so strong when you tell a guy, "this small, inert floppy goop-sack will do the trick!"

      I wish your marketing campaign luck anyway.

    7. Re:Ethical fishing by bronzemug · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Why do we have to eat them..? Can't they be used as livestock feed ?

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    8. Re:Ethical fishing by Valdrax · · Score: 3, Funny

      The placebo effect is not so strong when you tell a guy, "this small, inert floppy goop-sack will do the trick!"

      So, then we should try touting increased bust size then?

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  2. On the plus side by schneidafunk · · Score: 4, Informative

    Many endangered species, such as sea turtles, eat jellyfish.

    --
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    1. Re:On the plus side by i+kan+reed · · Score: 5, Insightful

      And if we hadn't overfished turtles(with their incredibly long life cycle), the jellyfish population would likely be in check.

    2. Re:On the plus side by afidel · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The biggest thing we can do to help turtles is to install UV lights on commercial fishing nets to significantly reduce the bycatch rate, turtles can see into the UV spectrum but fish cannot so there is no impact on the fishermen other than a fairly minimal cost for waterproof led housings.

      --
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    3. Re:On the plus side by Dixie_Flatline · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The problem is that it takes whole ecosystems to successfully fend off encroaching jellyfish, which is why they're on the rise--the ecosystems are collapsing.

      There are a few creatures that eat jellyfish, but they eat EVERYTHING. Once the ecosystem starts to crumble, jellyfish feed into the loop by eating larvae and fry and eggs and anything available. They're good in anoxic environments, they're not affected by acidification (since they have no hard parts that are vulnerable; the only hard part they have isn't impacted), and they provide low nutritional value back to the ocean despite their intake.

      It's a bit of a miracle that the oceans ever moved past the jellyfish stage at all. They're very old, really adaptable, and very, very good at surviving.

    4. Re:On the plus side by schneidafunk · · Score: 4, Informative

      That's very interesting. However, there is also a big problem with people poaching their eggs.

      --
      Some people die at 25 and aren't buried until 75. -Benjamin Franklin
    5. Re:On the plus side by h4rr4r · · Score: 5, Funny

      Is there a better way to cook them?

    6. Re:On the plus side by denis-The-menace · · Score: 3, Informative

      Wild salmon, too

      Don't worry, we are making them extinct in about 10 years.
      Please be patient! /s

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      Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
    7. Re:On the plus side by SJHillman · · Score: 5, Funny

      Can't we just flip the world over? That way, all of the jellyfish will drain onto the turtles, all the way down.

    8. Re:On the plus side by denis-The-menace · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I read what is REALLY helping them spread are all those floating bits of plastic out there.

      Jellyfish spores need something to cling-to to survive.
      That used to be very hard in the ocean because it's all water.

      But today, thanks to plastic bits floating everywhere in the ocean, this is no longer a problem.

      --
      Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
    9. Re:On the plus side by BullInChina · · Score: 4, Funny

      Shortest animal in a bar joke ever. So this baby seal walks into this club.

    10. Re:On the plus side by SuricouRaven · · Score: 3, Informative

      Jellyfish do have a very minimalistic nervous system. It's simple, but it's there. Visible in some species as a ring around the bell, near the edge. Just enough to handle the only two things a jellyfish needs to do: Swim straight (It makes sure the bell contracts in sync, not one side before the other) and handle the task of transferring food from tentacles to stomach.

    11. Re:On the plus side by beckett · · Score: 3, Interesting

      we can farm turtles through aquaculture techniques and mitigate directed fishing pressure on sea turtles and wild eggs. this farm has been operating for over 40 years, and can complete the life cycle from hatch to reproductive recruitment.

      "We must plant the sea and herd its animals using the sea as farmers instead of hunters. That is what civilization is all about - farming replacing hunting." - Jacques Yves Cousteau

    12. Re:On the plus side by catchblue22 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I wrote a summary of research paper 10 years ago for a course I was taking. That paper described what happened in the Black Sea after top level predators were removed. As I remember, the removal of the top level predators made the entire ecosystem unstable. Overfishing of smaller fish opened up a niche for other species like jellyfish, which then displaced for a time the opportunities for the populations of the small fish to recover.

      In essence, this is what is happening worldwide. We are killing off the sharks via the shark fin industry, and sharks are the top level predator in the ocean. We are also overfishing smaller species. This seems to be opening up niches for jellyfish, which may displace the fish that we normally eat. This experiment has already been carried out in the Black Sea, and the results are not good.

      --
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    13. Re:On the plus side by umafuckit · · Score: 3, Informative

      The biggest thing we can do to help turtles is to install UV lights on commercial fishing nets to significantly reduce the bycatch rate, turtles can see into the UV spectrum but fish cannot so there is no impact on the fishermen other than a fairly minimal cost for waterproof led housings.

      Fish do possess UV cones (as do reptiles and birds) -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_in_fishes#Ultraviolet. For example, cyprinids, a large family of freshwater fish, have a short-wave sensitivity as short as 277 nm with a peak sensitivity for the short-wave cones of 358 nm (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8782369). Human short-wave cones have a peak at 420 nm and turtle UV cones are at 372 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11925010).

  3. 50 years in the future by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Slashdot headline 50 years from now:

    "Scientists Says Turtles Are Taking Over the Oceans"

    (The typo is intentional, because even in 50 years, /. will still lack quality control.)

  4. Never expect by SJHillman · · Score: 4, Funny

    "It is really surprising how many places they occur around the world — places you would never expect: Hawaii, Caribbean, Florida, Wales, New Caledonia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, India ... as well as Australia.""

    No, places I would never expect would be Kansas, Siberia and the middle of the Sahara. If cable television has taught me anything, it's that the sea is out to kill me. If I can smell saltwater in the air, I'm expecting some explosion of deadliness.

    1. Re:Never expect by h4rr4r · · Score: 4, Funny

      In/Around Australia I would expect the jellyfish to be 10 meters across and armed with giant fangs. Everything there seems to be there solely to ruin your day.

    2. Re:Never expect by camperdave · · Score: 5, Funny

      Everything there seems to be there solely to ruin your day.

      Sounds like an excellent place to put a penal colony.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    3. Re:Never expect by beckett · · Score: 3, Interesting

      No, places I would never expect would be Kansas, Siberia and the middle of the Sahara. If cable television has taught me anything, it's that the sea is out to kill me. If I can smell saltwater in the air, I'm expecting some explosion of deadliness.

      who says they have to be marine only? bioinvasive, freshwater jellies have been found:

      Hamilton County
      Erie County, Ohio
      Trenton, Ontario
      Hoosier county (aka Laporte), Indiana

    4. Re:Never expect by NatasRevol · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Is this close enough?

      "One kind of jellyfish, which might be termed the zombie jelly, is quite literally immortal. When Turritopsis dohrnii “dies” it begins to disintegrate, which is pretty much what you expect from a corpse. But then something strange happens. A number of cells escape the rotting body. These cells somehow find each other, and reaggregate to form a polyp. All of this happens within five days of the jellyfish’s “death,” and weirdly, it’s the norm for the species."

      or this?

      "One of the fastest breeders of all is Mnemiopsis. Biologists characterize it as a “self-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodite,” which means that it doesn’t need a partner to reproduce, nor does it need to switch from one sex to the other, but can be both sexes at once. It begins laying eggs when just thirteen days old, and is soon laying 10,000 per day. Even cutting these prolific breeders into pieces doesn’t slow them down. If quartered, the bits will regenerate and resume normal life as whole adults in two to three days."

      http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/sep/26/jellyfish-theyre-taking-over/?page=2

      --
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  5. Chironex fleckeri by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    Capital letter for genus, lower case for species. Like Homo sapiens. Not "Homo Sapiens" or "homo sapiens". The two parts of a species name should also be italicized (i.e. Chironex fleckeri). Although it's a little technical, it's not a hard rule to remember when using species names.

  6. Obviously need to over-fish jellyfish as well then by Aguazul2 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Can't we find a use for them? As soon as capitalism gets to work on them, they'll be goners too.

  7. Let's hear it from... by benjfowler · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Let's hear it from greedy fisherman and their right-wing supporters, who think it's humanity's God-given right to rape the oceans and trash the food chain upon which everything depends... human greed will do us in for sure, because it overrides even the survival instinct.

  8. "Visible from space" by Guppy06 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I've seen Google Maps. My car is "visible from space."

  9. There's a simple solution to poaching by MikeRT · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Put the territory under some sort of corporate or government control and let the employees in charge of the territory use deadly force to stop the poachers. Works quite well in Africa where their game reserve rangers can put a .308 through you quite legally if they catch you hunting endangered species.

  10. Re:Oh noes! by i+kan+reed · · Score: 3, Insightful

    As long as you don't mind being one of those species. Sure. Guess what: your species depends on its environment to a greater degree than others like cockroaches or jellyfish.

  11. A funny posting by a guy from Australia by Marrow · · Score: 4, Funny

    In my country, terawatt globes are reserved for police helicopter chases and warning sailors of hazardous shoals. This is despite the fact that practically every living creature there can kill you in under three minutes. Our primary spoken language is screaming.
    http://www.27bslash6.com/halogen.html

  12. Re:Oh noes! by amicusNYCL · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Yes, it means shit changes. Species go extinct. Other species move in to fill a niche when condition change. That's how life works.
    Preserving the status quo, and attempting to freeze the environment in a particular point in time, is futile and shortsighted.

    Right, so we might as well just take every fish that we possibly can out of the ocean. A fishing net that can hold 14 747s is not big enough, we need larger nets so that we can also mistakenly catch whales, sharks, rays, dolphins, turtles, etc. Because that's how life works, being caught in a gigantic net when you're not even being hunted. We should also speed up production on more boats that can catch 3,000 tons of tuna in a single trip, because the ocean can totally sustain a tuna fleet like that. I mean, who cares if the boat catches and kills tons and tons of other species that they just get rid of, those things shouldn't have been swimming near the tuna, right? Who cares if Japan is allotted 6,000 tons of bluefin tuna to catch in a year (they only need that boat to make 2 trips, then they can relax!), but instead they catch between 12,000 and 20,000 tons? That doesn't affect me! I don't give a shit if my grandchildren ever taste tuna! They'll be happy with their peanut butter and jellyfish sandwiches. This doesn't make me angry because I know that Japan isn't alone in these practices, so I can't blame them. Hell, the Pacific bluefin tuna stocks are down 96%, you know what that means? Yeah, baby, we still have 4% left! Go get it! In the recent catch 90% of the fish were juveniles who had never reproduced. You know what that means? Last generation, fuckers! Get it while you can! We need to get that boat that can catch 3,000 tons at once out there to finish off those cocky fuckers, what with their "waaa, I'm the top of the food chain" bullshit.

    This is exactly the way the world works - people discover fishing, they discover nets, build boats, and entire villages, cities, and countries survive because of the plentiful fish that the ocean provides. Then we build a fishing fleet bigger than the world has ever seen, take everything we possibly can out of the ocean in order to get the high-dollar stuff we're after, leave nothing for the local communities, and they can all go fuck themselves because this a fucking dynamic planet. I'm right there with you, pal.

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
  13. Perception is everything... by slew · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Lobster used to be prisoner food, until someone got the bright idea to use the newly available railroad to sell canned lobster to inland dwellers who didn't know better and considered all seafood a delicacy.

    Foie gras used to simply be a kosher source of cooking fat (since lard isn't kosher). It wasn't until the French gourmands elevated it to a delicacy.

  14. Obvious Solution! by StefanJ · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Build ships which vaccuum up jellyfish, puree them, and use the proteins as feed stock for 3D printing of food. The stingers can get filtered out, or just left into the low-grade product used in prisons and orphanages.

    I'm sure that Red Lobster can come up with some clever marketing term for this stuff. After the actual lobsters, cod, and king crabs die off they'll have plenty of motivation.

    Interesting Geek-culture historical note: In the 1973 movie "Soylent Green," the titular product is supposed to be made from krill scooped from the oceans. The underlying horror of the movie isn't that the crackers are made of dead people, but that the ocean ecosystem has collapsed due to pollution. The movie also has Edward G. Robinson bitching about how the greenhouse effect has made it hot and damp year-round.

  15. Blue bottle sting by MrKaos · · Score: 4, Informative

    Last year I got stung by a fairly common benign species of jellyfish called a blue bottle in the surf on a hot summer's day swim.

    I came up to the surface with the thing about a meter in front of me and immediately tried to escape. The tentacle wrapped around my left arm from my knuckles to the armpit, across the chest and onto the right are and, somehow, on my right left.

    The Lifesavers (clubbies) saw the whole thing as I got out of the surf two of them helped me over to the clubhouse and doused me we very hot water. Over the next three hours I had icepacks all over me and a nurse debated whether I would go to hospital as I just hung onto consciousness due to shock. The pain was astounding, my glands were inflated and later it felt like my testicles had been massaged by a hammer. I had welts on my arms for a couple of weeks from the sting. A year later I am still pulling stingers out of my arms which come up as painful little pimple like things that bleed and take about two weeks to heal (I'm looking at three now).

    That's "a fairly common benign species of jellyfish".

    --
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