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Indian Mars Probe Successfully Enters Sun-Centric Orbit

New submitter palemantle writes with this excerpt from The Hindu, updating our earlier mention of the successful launch of India's Mars-bound probe: "In a remarkably successful execution of a complex manoeuvre, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) fired the propulsion system on board the spacecraft for a prolonged duration of 23 minutes from 0049 hours on Sunday. In space parlance, the manoeuvre is called Trans-Mars Injection (TMI). ISRO called it 'the mother of all slingshots.' Celebrations broke out at the control centre of the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) at Bangalore from where the spacecraft specialists gave commands for the orbiter's 440 Newton engine to begin firing. The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is designed to demonstrate the technological capability to reach Mars orbit. But the $72m (£45m) probe will also carry out experiments, including a search for methane gas in the planet's atmosphere."

132 comments

  1. We have high hopes by ChadSmith4920 · · Score: 1

    Our chief engineer is trying to deploy a make shift solar sail.

  2. Bah by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I could do a TMI with an oddly shaped rock and a slingshot..... amateurs.

  3. 3.. 2.. 1.. by SB9876 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Countdown to a flood of unfunny, racist Indian call center jokes...

    1. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Really, looking for methane?

    2. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Calling India ! Calling India ! This is the Mars probe calling !

      India: No need to call. Do the needful is enough.

    3. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 0

      I'm sorry, I should have posted my unfunny racist post under yours, but I just got too cought up in the unfunny H1B jokes.

      Like all the qualified citizens here that get pushed out of jobs by H1Bs - it never happens, you know.

      In this great country, we just don't have enough "smart people" because we are all MORONS that want a living wage and benefits

      It's such a shame we will not work for basic wages with no benefits,WHO DO THE FUCK DO WE THINK WE ARE.

      Blaw, blaw, blaw....

       

      --
      If you want news from today, you have to come back tomorrow.
    4. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm with you, I'm tired of bothering to be competitive. As an American, I am entitled to a high-paying job.

    5. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'm not sure why someone who sends out a printed invitation for racist jokes would get modded "Insightful".

      I didn't see any such jokes until you mentioned them, and then the ones that came were pretty half-hearted.

      Maybe you need to have a little more faith in people.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    6. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      I didn't see any such jokes until you mentioned them, and then the ones that came were pretty half-hearted.

      Well, I didn't see any ${BADTHING}s until you mentioned them, so they must be your fault.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    7. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 1

      Well, I didn't see any ${BADTHING}s ...

      Ah yes, pseudocode. You can't argue with that!

      --
      If you want news from today, you have to come back tomorrow.
    8. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Ah yes, pseudocode. You can't argue with that!

      I won't apologize for knowing my audience any more than you will, so stop taking the... er...

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    9. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 1

      Touché, I say (turning toward you while discharging a full, er, stream...

      --
      If you want news from today, you have to come back tomorrow.
    10. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You obviously didn't read the previous Slashdot articles on this mission.

    11. Re:3.. 2.. 1.. by kermidge · · Score: 1

      Yes, really looking for methane. One of its sources is living things - metabolic by-product of fauna, and decay product of flora. Particular differentials in carbon isotopes is indicator of that biological sourcing, if it exists. It's really rather amazing what real scientists get up to, nu?

  4. News by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 0

    We shall not just send probes, we shall send many many QUALIFIED people to satisfy all the IT needs on the Sun.

    --
    If you want news from today, you have to come back tomorrow.
  5. Good For Them by FSWKU · · Score: 2

    Seriously, my humble congrats to the team on their success so far. We need more players in the space game, and knowledge gained will hopefully benefit everyone.

    On a more philosophical note, I'd love to see this benefit India as a whole by pointing out to everyone just how insignificant we ALL are in the grand scheme of the universe. While they've "officially" abolished the caste system, it's still there in a lot of ways. The more people realize that Earth is but a tiny speck, the more people will (hopefully...I can dream, right?) begin to treat each other better, especially those deemed to be in a "lower class" by some arbitrary rules that nobody alive has any connection to anymore. Actually, it would be nice if we could all work toward that, not just Indian society.

    --
    "So after all this, you make my case for me. To end this stalemate, you must die..."
    1. Re:Good For Them by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This is in now way India-specific; but "I'd better shore up my battered sense of importance by getting my foot on the other guy's neck" seems to be the response that crops up to the sensation of vast, cosmic, insignificance as often as some nobler sense of kinship with your fellow gravity-well-dwellers.

      I don't exactly like the fact; but when being better in some absolute sense isn't an option, we frequently turn to finding somebody to be worse, as though that's a substitute.

    2. Re:Good For Them by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      While they've "officially" abolished the caste system

      That was their first mistake. Now that they're not using it, maybe they'll sell it to the west at a discount price.

  6. Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Dakiraun · · Score: 2, Insightful

    While I congratulate them on the outstanding technical achievement of this and other feats of their space program, it is a country where any and all available funds need to be going towards resolving the massive poverity, corruption and inequality issues. Over half of the nation's population is poor, 21% of their diseases are water-related,and only 33% even have access to what would be considered normal sanitation facilities. Charities exist by the dozens to deal with a variety of issues in India in trying to clean up these problems, and here is their government spending millions on space missions. To me, that just seems grossly irresponsible. :/

    1. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by ThatsMyNick · · Score: 5, Informative

      Well 73 million is 0.025% of their yearly budget (73m/280b). Spending the renaming 99.975% of the budget will have more appropriately will have more of effect on corruption, poverty, and inequality issues in my opinion. If help improve research and help improve research and manufacturing technology, it would probably more than pay for itself. It would also probably bring more business to Antrix (commercial wing of ISRO), and probably even make money for the Indian govt, and end up with a net gain rather than 72 million expense.

    2. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by fredprado · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If all countries wait to end poverty, corruption and inequality "issues", before researching space or anything else, it won't ever be done. India does a LOT of things wrongly, but in this it is on the right track, unlike US, which keep cutting funds from NASA in name of trying to fix social problems that strangely keep getting worse and worse the more money the government apply on them.

    3. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeh India's poverty can be overcome by distributing $73 million ...that's the cost of mission to Mars.By this logic the first $$ on space program should be spent after last person comes out of poverty.

    4. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by BringsApples · · Score: 2

      There are 1.24 billion people in India. If you give them each 1 US dollar you would feed them for maybe 7 days. And yet you could go to Mars 16 times for the same price. You tell me how that's irresponsible.

      --
      Politics; n. : A religion whereby man is god.
    5. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      While I congratulate them on the outstanding technical achievement of this and other feats of their space program, it is a country where any and all available funds need to be going towards resolving the massive poverity, corruption and inequality issues. Over half of the nation's population is poor, 21% of their diseases are water-related,and only 33% even have access to what would be considered normal sanitation facilities. Charities exist by the dozens to deal with a variety of issues in India in trying to clean up these problems, and here is their government spending millions on space missions. To me, that just seems grossly irresponsible. :/

      When a similar question was asked to a professor at ISRO after a successful launch. He said, during diwali we spend 5000 crores on fireworks/rockets which reach only 10 feet high. We are spending 500 crores for MOM (Mars Orbiter Mission) in comparison.

      IMHO, money can always be better spent elsewhere.

    6. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What is grossly more irresponsible? Spending on things that could improve things in the future for everyone or spending money on people who do very little more than create more people just like themselves.

      Most of the problems in the 3rd world stem from the past 100 years of do-gooders running around giving vacines and food while preaching about religion without worrying about developing all the cultural and capital infrastructure required to deal with all these new people.

    7. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by AHuxley · · Score: 5, Interesting

      India asked itself the about the payback of advanced technologies in the late 1940's to 1960's.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation#Goals_and_objectives
      Seems they got the funding mix right and can now enjoy the long term tech exports and get to add to space science :)

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    8. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      NASA is almost entirely outsourced to defense contractors who have figured out how to extract the most out US Taxpayers while producing the least amount of results.

    9. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by xyzzymage · · Score: 1

      US, which keep cutting funds from NASA in name of trying to fix social problems that strangely keep getting worse and worse the more money the government apply on them.

      The US has been *reducing* the amount spent on "trying to fix social problems" (or anything that primarily benefits everyday citizens, for that matter) for at least 3 decades now, not increasing it!

      Our problems have worsened for a wide variety of reasons, but as a quick starting point: job outsourcing leaving countless Americans unemployed, waves of underpaid H1B workers & legal/illegal immigrants compounding the problem, and bulk retailers like WalMart (which severely underpay employees) replaced the decently-paying stores. That's not even touching the clusterfuck in our schools, healthcare issues, or other problems here.

    10. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by BlacKSacrificE · · Score: 1

      It's all about future investments. If they can demonstrate that they, alone, can pull this off, it will increase their technical prestige in the worlds eye. People will feel more confident investing in their technologies, people will come knocking on their door to have India launch vehicles for them, all of which will generate big revenue. It will encourage the youth to pursue sciences and technology as vocations as NASA did in the 60's, which in the years to come will boost their capabilities further. There is no bullet that can cure the problems of the country, but inspiring the people to become more by demonstrating capabilities such as this is in my eyes a wonderful thing. Even if they do not make it all the way to Mars, they have already put on a hell of a show. I can't wait to see what the next 20 years holds for them, and I congratulate them wholeheartedly for what has so far been a pretty decent mission.

      --
      [Sorry, this signature is unavailable in your country/region]
    11. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by petes_PoV · · Score: 1

      Similarly, the USA could divert money form its space (or defence) budget to "fix" Detroit and all the other poverty-stricken, bankrupt, towns in the country.

      --
      politicians are like babies' nappies: they should both be changed regularly and for the same reasons
    12. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by idji · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This project cost 70M$. that is 5.8c per Indian.
      If this rocket inspires 20-50 million Indian poor children to study harder at school, learn Math and be an Engineer, then this project has a FANTASTIC value for the country of India.
      I suspect this is money extremely well spent to inspire masses of children to take destiny in their own hands and rid themselves and their family of the poverty trap, by believing that an ordinary Indian child can do something extraordinary in the village, town, city, state and planet
      I just ran 3 IT seminars in 3 Australian cities - all three had 50% participants from India - why, because Indians aspire to Math, Engineering, and Australians aspire to be sport heroes, lawyers and slackers, while their government wins an election on "Turn back the refugee boats" and "Kill the Carbon Tax". Where are their inspiring projects?

    13. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      Spending more money on the problem won't solve the problem, as long as those in charge don't want to solve it.

      It would be fucking easy to fix basically anywhere. All you have to do is enable this: http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/indian-man-single-handedly-plants-a-1360-acre-forest

      Instead of this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India#Pollution

      But look around you at the country of your choice. Here in the USA we have people actively preventing people growing vegetables in their own yards. We have a huge percentage of the nation owned directly by the federal government, and exploited for its mineral rights; meanwhile, during the federal shutdown, they were actually preventing people from entering it. This land is our land?

      The problem is greed. And it's particularly pathetic because the rich aren't happy, either. So they're depriving others in order to make some big numbers bigger in a way that won't even fucking make them happy. No matter how you slice it, that's a tragedy.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    14. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by fredprado · · Score: 1

      And in the end the money would disappear, Detroit wouldn't be fixed, poor people would be poorer, and the space research would stop. Seems like a great idea.

    15. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      you are confused. the people must produce the means to feed themselves, not be handed money taken from others. investing in technology is one way to accomplish that end.

    16. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's a great example.

      If you ignore the fact that India's population is FIFTY times the size of Australia's.

    17. Re:Great but... money better spent elsewhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We don't need to divert any money. We already paid for the nukes. Now we just have to drop 'em.

  7. New Rule for Posts Expecting Racist Posts by cervesaebraciator · · Score: 1

    I propose the following be applied to posts predicting racist posts:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatulence_humor#Assigning_of_blame

    Incidentally, this was a new one for me: "Whoever thunk it stunk it."

  8. What the heck has happened to the West ? by Taco+Cowboy · · Score: 3, Funny

    India's Mars probe finally leaves Earth-bound orbits on the 1st of December 2013.

    On the very same day, China is set to launch its first lunar lander.

    Both India and China are from Asia.

    Where are the Europeans ?

    Where are the Americans ?

    What the heck happened to the usually technologically more advanced societies of the Western countries ?

    Asia is playing catch up very very fast, and before long, they might even get ahead of you guys !

    --
    Muchas Gracias, Señor Edward Snowden !
    1. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      What the heck happened to the usually technologically more advanced societies of the Western countries ?

      We can't be bothered anymore. We now focus on creating billionares. And we have way more than asia. Yay!

    2. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why is this disgustingly racist and bigoted post modded up? Do you seriously think that only white people know how to build space machines?

    3. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thats because catch up goes faster than breaking new grounds.

      Lets not forget how many valuable scientific experiments Nasa is currently running. They have a bloody rover on mars, they are doing loads and loads of measurements. I really don't think we got to send another man to the moon for science reasons. We learn a lot about living in lower gravity circumstances from the ISS anyway. Of course I do hope we gonna make a permanent base on mars sooner or later, and then maybe on the moon a while after that.

    4. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      India's Mars probe is on the way to Mars.

      America's Mars probes are already on Mars, and have been for years. So that's where the Americans are.

      The Chinese don't have a Mars probe at all. They are still struggling to figure out unmanned moon probes.

      As for the Europeans, who knows? Not me; I don't pay attention to Europe.

    5. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by BringsApples · · Score: 1

      America has already had a few rovers on Mars. However right now the west is busy trying to take over the world, and war on terror, and healthcare dot gov, and insider-trading at the speed of light.

      From another article:
      "India's Mars mission, with a budget of $73 million, is far cheaper than comparable missions including NASA's $671 million Maven satellite that is expected to set off for Mars later in November,"

      It's crazy to think that 1.24 billion people are in India. They could all pay $1.00 (that's like 40 rupees) and go to Mars 16 times. American's have to pay $2 (that's 80 rupees) each, per trip.

      --
      Politics; n. : A religion whereby man is god.
    6. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by AHuxley · · Score: 2

      AC India had to 'breaking new grounds" just like every other country entering space.
      India their development work from the 1950's onwards in a slow and careful way.
      No country can just emerge with the maths, computing power and expert staff. It takes years and India put that effort into science and space exploration very early on.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation#Formative_years

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    7. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by sjwt · · Score: 1

      As my history teacher used to say when asked 'what was Spain doing in WW2' - "Sleeping off a hangover from their own efforts"

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    8. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by ImOuttaHere · · Score: 4, Interesting

      To start, the US de-funded scientific research. It had to, in part, because Ronald Raygun privatized many government functions. What was the practical effect? It means that rather than paying managers of a government function a government salary, you now take bids from private companies who have only one interest at heart: To make the managers of the private company rich. The cost of government has risen dramatically thereby. Think I'm wrong? Look at SAIC, Ross Perot and his old company, and all the companies related to war and contracting "security" services (just to scratch the surface). Which is directly related to why America spends well north of 55 percent of it's national budget on war related costs, instead of the less than 25 percent of a national budget that European countries do. So, in a country where people do not like government, don't want to pay any tax, in a country where R&D incentives (first initiated during WWII) are removed, in a country that feels it's OK to send jobs to China (effectively making China's middle class rich and America's poor) you end up being left behind on the ideological, scientific, basic research items.

      Europe has it's own financial problems right now. It did three things. First, it allowed Germany to become not only the bankers of the EU, but to become the economic powerhouse of the EU as well. Second, many EU countries bought a ton of AAA-rated US mortgage packages that turned out to be junk. Take a close look at which countries bought what and you'll see the effect I'm pointing out. Third, the EU tried to grow their economy by doing what the US and UK did; make cheap loans available as a means of boosting production. Bad move, right? Credit bubbles seldom last forever. Look at what it did to Spain.

      Which leads me to this: First world nation's governments are deeply involved in "realpolitik", and are no longer paying attention to the ideologies on which they were founded or the ideologies of science as it might relate to industry. In the US and UK this means enabling corporate and banker greed. On mainland Europe, this means getting wrapped around the axle of competing political interests.

      ...What the heck happened to the usually technologically more advanced societies of the Western countries ?

      Asia is playing catch up very very fast, and before long, they might even get ahead of you guys !

    9. Re: What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't worry! Plenty of European missions coming.
      http://www.esa.int/ESA/Our_Missions

      GAIA will be interesting.

    10. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      To start, the US de-funded scientific research. It had to, in part, because Ronald Raygun privatized many government functions.

      Nice theory, but doesn't agree with reality.

      http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/fy2013/hist13pAgy.png

      During Reagan and Bush, science funding increased while during Clinton and Obama it decreased. The decrease in the Obama years has been particularly sharp, mostly because Obama wasted so much money on politically popular social programs and bailouts. It's the welfare state that's killing public funding for science, not privatization.

    11. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Simple: we grew up. We did all that stuff half a century ago. We took pictures of dead and deadly rocks floating in a vacuum. So?

    12. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We're doing this. Isn't it obvious enough?

    13. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by justthinkit · · Score: 0

      At least Americans know the difference between an "injection" and a "slingshot", given that they produce exactly opposite results.

      --
      I come here for the love
    14. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by ImOuttaHere · · Score: 2

      ... so how do your comments square with the following?

      From Chemical and Engineering news -

      Reagan’s economic programs, so controversial then and now, generally supported federal science programs... As Reagan’s term went on, however, the rising federal deficits and lower revenues that were the result of a recession took their toll on R&D budgets. Soon, agencies such as the Energy Department, the National Bureau of Standards, and even the National Institutes of Health were looking at budget cuts.

      Further, from "The Revolution that Killed Society", we read...

      The Regan Revolution went much further than to just corrupt previously publicly owned companies: they mandated that every service that had begun with ownership by the public needed to be privatized; because only the private corporate-world could make money with things like public services, that up until then had been "a drain" on the public purse. 'Privatization would bring an economic windfall from the drudgery and incompetence of publicly owned services. The justification by the Regan Revolution was that Everything Must Earn a Profit, or it should be terminated: The entire idea of society providing anything for its citizens was heresy to any True-Capitalist.

      The result was 'The Revolution That Killed Society'. Everything from the buses and the trains, to electricity, natural gas and heating oil, public hospitals, and public health: indeed everything except possibly firefighters and police have been privatized: and now even those two "services" are experimenting with the idea of privatization as well.

      The size of government actually increased under Reagan. This has to stand in stark contrast with his stated goals of downsizing government. From the Reagan Budget, we learn that "People around the country seem to understand what no one in Washington will admit: The budget is out of control. The growth of government is out of control...

      Lastly, I take no position on Right vs Left in American politics, except to note that neither party works for We the People. Both parties work hard for the monied class. Hence my belief that America has a one party system. It's called the Business Party and it has two factions that conveniently distract America's citizens by providing great theater as they fight amongst themselves. "Liberals" in the US look better than "Conservatives" only in that they don't say stupid things quite as often as the Rabid Right. Neither faction has any idea how to govern for We the People.

      To start, the US de-funded scientific research. It had to, in part, because Ronald Raygun privatized many government functions.

      Nice theory, but doesn't agree with reality...

    15. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Chinese had a Mars orbiter (Yinghuo), but it failed to reach Mars.

    16. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by VortexCortex · · Score: 1

      India's Mars probe finally leaves Earth-bound orbits on the 1st of December 2013.

      On the very same day, China is set to launch its first lunar lander.

      Both India and China are from Asia.

      Where are the Europeans ?

      Where are the Americans ?

      What the heck happened to the usually technologically more advanced societies of the Western countries ?

      Asia is playing catch up very very fast, and before long, they might even get ahead of you guys !

      Apparently they're in Houston, and Florida. I regularly see the European, Japanese, Russian, Canadian, Russian, etc. Astronauts at the Johnson Space Center.

      The USA has sent astronauts to successfully walk around on the moon, and driven manned rovers there. We've got some satelites orbiting Mars already, and several successful mars rovers, the latest Mars Science Lab is the size of a SUV, and was deployed by unique very complex manoeuvre involving a hovering platform.

      NASA partners with space agencies around the world, from Europe's ESA, to Japan's JAXA, to Russian Roscosmos, etc. Don't get me wrong, I think we should give all the NSA and war budgets to NASA and have self sustaining colonies of humans out there (reduce our current 100% chance of extinction). However, I'm not scared about Asia "catching up" to our decades old achievements. In fact, Space is a resource all the world's countries should share.

      See also: Planetes -- an anime which briefly explored the concept of poor nations inability to access space widening the poverty gap, and spurning space terrorism.

      Some governments fear each other and cause war, but even among the adversarial countries the vast majority of ordinary people of on Earth aren't enemies of each other. Gazing at our small vulnerable blue world from space there are no national borders. May cooperation in space exploration continue to unite Earth's people. I'm cheering India on! The people of Asia deserve to have the cultural catalyst of the cosmic perspective too.

      You may also enjoy Space Brothers - Anime about international cooperation in space exploration, brotherly love, sibling rivalry, and putting the first Japanese astronaut on the moon. IMO, we should have inspiring animated shows like this on prime-time TV in place of yet another sarcastic Simpson's clone. Maybe then statements such as yours would be encouraging courage and cooperation rather than scaremongering.

      TL;DR: Some men just want to watch the world grow.

    17. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by bobwalt · · Score: 1

      Tax whiners.

    18. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/fy2013/hist13pAgy.png
      During Reagan and Bush, science funding increased while during Clinton and Obama it decreased.

      The graphic you reference notably includes "DOD" as more than half of the R&D budget. Most people, when talking about government funded research, mean civilian research agencies like NIH, NSF, and NASA. In fact, if you look closely at your graphic, you will see during the Bush and particularly the Reagan years, that the rise in total spending is accompanied by an even sharper rise in the ratio of DOD:non-DOD spending. This is essentially what the GP said: in order to pay for military spending, the US sharply cut its (civilian) research programs

      The main reason people distinguish between DOD and non-DOD research is that DOD is much more application-driven Development than non-DOD, basic science Research. The DOD tends to build on the esoteric discoveries made by NSF and NASA projects. DOD gets us better planes, boats, and bombs in the next 5 years, but non-DOD research gets us basic science that forms the basis of economic growth for the next 20-50 years.

    19. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Chronic "Welfare" people tend to have more anti-social genes. These genes are recessive, but have a feed-back system in that anti-social people are attracted to each other. The problem we're in now is caused by bad decisions of society. We forced these people to group together then reproduce. We reap what we sow. Now deal with it.

    20. Re: What the heck has happened to the West ? by Beltway+Prophet · · Score: 1

      Um, so: Curiosity? Multiple orders of magnitude more sophisticated hardware. Not to mention we are still -- simultaneously -- running Opportunity! More competition in space is a good thing for everyone, though, so long as we're not completely redundant in our efforts.

    21. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      What the heck happened to your news feed? these baby steps India is taking we did decades ago. We put landers on Mars in the 70s.

    22. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kilodelta · · Score: 1

      Um, where are we Americans you ask? We've had at least four rovers rolling around on Mars, the most recent is Curiosity and she's nuclear which means her total sols on Mars will be measured in YEARS.

      And tell me, who built and launched the Voyager and Pioneer platforms? Some of which are now at the edge of the solar system.

      And who landed SEVERAL men on the Moon? Yeah, we did, in the 1960's and 1970's. Nice to see that China and India are playing catchup now. And I have to wonder, if we got a look at the avionics on the Chinese and Indian platforms I'd bet we find a whole bunch of U.S. originated technology in there.

    23. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Curious, are you American?

      A slingshot maneuver is used to help change your orbit, i.e. eject you from one orbit and inject you into another one.

    24. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kilodelta · · Score: 1

      Actually it's not Russia per se. Think for a moment who builds/built all the gee whiz hardware that got us to the moon. They were private corporations. And they can pretty much sell to whoever they please and welcome all highest bidders. It's been going on since the beginning of the 20th century. Do I have to mention IBM who was one of the prime contractors in Apollo - they who history included selling tabulating machinery to the Nazi's in World War II while also playing the U.S. side selling early tube based computers to the U.S.

    25. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by runeghost · · Score: 1

      The Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance (NASA) and Mars Express (ESA) orbiters are still operational, as are the Opportunity and Curiosity rovers. NASA launched the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution orbiter less than two weeks ago.

      Ignorant poster is ignorant.

    26. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There is no West anymore. Thanks to PC immigration policies, the 3rd world and the east has overrun the west. The West can no longer be the West. And if you disagree, you are a racist.

    27. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Go back to Turkey muslim. Why do you want to live in Germany? Go back to Istanbul and don't complain about the western world not wanting to accept you. Your place is in the Middle East.

    28. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      ... so how do your comments square with the following?

      I objected to your claim that the "US de-funded scientific research, because Ronald Raygun privatized many government functions." In fact, the US did not de-fund scientific research under Reagan, as the AAAS data shows, so you are wrong. Feel free to dislike Reagan for other reasons (personally, I think he was an idiot), but blaming him for things he didn't do is not helpful because then you miss the real culprits.

      The real threat to US scientific dominance comes from entitlement programs, mandatory spending, and interest on the federal debt, because those are squeezing out discretionary spending.

      (The Chemical Engineering News article names some departments that were cut, but that's not inconsistent with the AAAS data. The Chemical Engineering statement is either sloppy or deliberately misleading.)

    29. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      Last I looked, direct subsidies to corporations exceeded those to individuals by almost a factor of two. That's before tax breaks and loopholes. As for the 'job creators' myth, while it's true for small businesses, for going on two decades more and more of the profits of production have not been returned to the economy either in investment or job creation by the multinationals and their majority owners, nor by many of the individuals in the fraction of the 1%. All the data are out there, readily available from reputable sources. You have but to seek, or to have been paying attention the past thirty years or so. While you're at it, check out shadow banking.

      For something a bit wild, as I haven't totted up the numbers so this is more of a WAG, but I'd guess that under just two presidents has occurred the greatest shift in wealth in recorded human history; but almost certainly in modern times. I've been meaning to do the sums, but so far haven't the stomach for it, so I've been going on the best estimates from people who seem to have a handle on it - along with data directly from the U.S. government (Census Bureau, IRS, Bureau of Labor Statistics, etc.)

    30. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      Where are the Americans ?

      We're servicing the stockholders, and anyhow, that space stuff is verging on sedition, being science and all. And science is bad.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    31. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      What the heck happened to your news feed? these baby steps India is taking we did decades ago. We put landers on Mars in the 70s.

      Because you don't just aim something at Mars and blast off

      So many people do not realize the incredible and wonderful job the Americans and Soviets did in the 1960's. Aside from the obvious rocket building and testing, there is the orbital mechanics science, which is not simple at all. The skill involved is monumental, and just because it was done way back then does not make it trivial. India and China are simply at different points on the learning curve.

      And some day, they will probably do some incredible things, and our politicians who helped keep NASA form doing more will indignantly ask, "How did this happen?"

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    32. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe we ought to be investing our money in eugenics first. After we solve that problem, we'll have plenty to put in to a space program.

    33. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So many people do not realize the incredible and wonderful job the Americans and Soviets did in the 1960's.

      None of which would have been possible without all the incredible and wonderful work the Nazis did in the 1930s-1940s. Just sayin'.

    34. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      So many people do not realize the incredible and wonderful job the Americans and Soviets did in the 1960's.

      None of which would have been possible without all the incredible and wonderful work the Nazis did in the 1930s-1940s. Just sayin'.

      What were the Nazi's contributions to orbital mechanics? Otherwise your inference is a non sequitar.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    35. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      ImOuttaHere incorrectly blamed Reagan for de-funding scientific research and I gave data showing that he is wrong. I also pointed out that it is mandatory spending and entitlement programs that are squeezing out scientific research and other discretionary spending, a simple budgetary fact.

      Last I looked, direct subsidies to corporations exceeded those to individuals by almost a factor of two.

      Nearly half of our federal budget are Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. Other welfare programs and direct payments to individuals bring that up to far above 50% And those programs are growing and squeezing out discretionary spending, including scientific research. Those are the facts. Sorry if you don't like them.

      Nevertheless, governmental subsidies to corporations are economically very harmful and should be stopped. They traditionally occur in the form of agricultural subsidies, oil subsidies, bailouts, and simple pork spending. It is an outrage that instead of stopping this corporate cronyism, as he promised, Obama added even more to it: more bailouts, stimulus spending, alternative energy subsidies, and transportation subsidies. The irony is that Democrats often dress up their corporate subsidies as "social spending", like they did with health care reform, and people like you believe that b.s.

      All corporate subsidies should be eliminated. After that, we need to find a sustainable way of financing a basic safety net for all Americans. Unfortunately, Democrats have turned out to be just as unwilling to do that as Republicans. Until there is a fundamental change in one party or the other and people like you get over their blind partisanship, we continue to head for fiscal and economic disaster.

    36. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by cyn1c77 · · Score: 1

      Asia is playing catch up very very fast, and before long, they might even get ahead of you guys !

      Good. It's about time they started pulling their own weight.

      Maybe they will even innovate some new tech instead of recycling old western ideas.

      Then, their citizens will start becoming more educated, making more money, and trying to end the human rights abuses at home.

      It's never been clear to me why the US is expected to always be the leader in space research and why other countries can't spend more of their own GDP to advance our knowledge of space.

    37. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      First, I don't dispute your facts, so please don't take it that way. I should maybe have been more clear about that.

      Second, I'm not talking about entitlements, but direct subsidies. But even when entitlements are included (unlike many, I distinctly exclude Social Security - OASDI - because they're insurance policy payouts), direct corporate payments exceed the rest.

      Third, I don't think this is a party issue (fifty years of votes will bear this out) - it's become systemic. While some roots precede it, most of this stuff started during and with the end of WWII. For example, wartime subsidies (some done as negative taxation) for oil exploration, drilling, transport, refining, and distribution were only ever partially rescinded, IIRC. Direct payments to individual subsistence farmers locked into a particular cash crop - often tobacco - in an effort to help them move to rotation, intercropping, and moving to other cash crops - were extended to corporate farming, where a corporate owner could retire on payments to not grow something. (That's a small but extreme example, to be sure, but direct subsidies of this and similar kinds persist. In wider use grew similar payments over the years done to help farmers while we tried to rationalize import-export ratios.) Programs and payments set up to help shift from wartime manufacturing to peacetime consumer goods have their own history. No sector was left untouched. Heck, we even helped out finance companies set up to help people "buy on time" such that we now have one of the higher, if not the highest, consumer debt to GNP ratios on the planet.

      I firmly agree with you that these kinds of corporate welfare programs need to end. Doing so responsibly is going to be difficult - an understatement, surely. The shift to corporate and factory farming may be irreversible, something I lament, but I don't believe those corporations have any inherent right to extra profits that are reflected in the cost of foodstuffs going onto the tables of anyone but most especially those of low income who are already hard-pressed. The destruction of our soil and its attendant problems are a national disgrace and an ecological disaster - and it needs to be fixed.

      The universal desire of parents for their children to have at least the practical opportunity to have a better life was last realized for the post-war generation - that's a measure of how low we've sunk, by allowing a situation where the profits of productivity can be siphoned off by the few and not re-invested in the common enterprise.

      We got trouble, right here in River City.

    38. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by X0563511 · · Score: 1

      The Chinese were relying on Russia to get it to Mars.

      It's not hard to make something that circles a body, if someone else is doing the hard part of putting it there.

      --
      For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
    39. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      Second, I'm not talking about entitlements, but direct subsidies. But even when entitlements are included (unlike many, I distinctly exclude Social Security - OASDI - because they're insurance policy payouts), direct corporate payments exceed the rest.

      Whether you think you're entitled to Social Security as an "insurance policy payout" is fiscally irrelevant; insurance companies are supposed to have reserves for their payouts, the federal government for practical purposes does not. Social security is mandatory government spending, with the same effect as all the others.

      Looking at the budget, I find your statement preposterous. Care to put some specific numbers on it? How much money does the federal government subsidize corporations by according to you? How big is the rest of the budget according to you?

      Direct payments to individual subsistence farmers locked into a particular cash crop - often tobacco - in an effort to help them move to rotation, intercropping, and moving to other cash crops - were extended to corporate farming, where a corporate owner could retire on payments to not grow something.

      But that's exactly the problem with most of these supposed social and welfare programs for individuals: they rarely work as intended, because they create the wrong incentives. Farm subsidies contributed to the destruction of small farms, just like rent control contributes to the destruction of the rental market, etc.

      The universal desire of parents for their children to have at least the practical opportunity to have a better life was last realized for the post-war generation - that's a measure of how low we've sunk, by allowing a situation where the profits of productivity can be siphoned off by the few and not re-invested in the common enterprise.

      That's not true either. Despite all the bad government policies, we're healthier, wealthier, and better educated than we have ever been before. And we're economically and socially still far better off than almost any other nation on earth.

      The irony about arguments like your is that you sort of start off right, but then you put up a false picture of impending disaster and use that to justify the policies that make our lives worse in the first place, while not proposing to do anything about the corporate welfare and subsidies.

    40. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      Well, let's see. OASDI was fucked over by Congress in the '70s because it was easier for them to do that than to perform their fiscal responsibilities...responsibly. They needed to raise revenue and control spending and they did neither. Just for grins, in the last twenty years I don't recall a single congressman even acknowledging either of those things - and of course they've never paid back what amounted to a bond against the fund. What I regard it as is true, as is the fiscal irresponsibility.

      Christ on a crutch, all you have to do is look at the budget. It's all there. Helps if you've watched some of this, because as is the norm, so much gets hidden, tucked away in clauses inside otherwise unrelated legislation. Lots of law gets hidden inside simple things such as pay raises for circuit court judges and the like. Go back to the original legislated bits and then follow (or try to, it can get snaky real quickly) the money - where it's apportioned and where the payments come from. It's a non-trivial task. A bit of search-fu (yours no doubt better than mine) leads to some people who've been keeping a bit of track on this.

      (I apologize for not having lots of links and cites. It's my own fault - a couple of dead drives over the years not fully backed up; a currently inaccessible couple of drives in my tower - I don't have a spare sys, nor an adapter to let me read what I might have on them that would be pertinent. So I'm in the nasty position of making assertions based on my own observations and memories over the past forty years. Again, I apologize, and again, the info is all there - it's just that some of it is now hard to find. You'll note that people in Congress are not entirely forthcoming - I try to think of it as one of their charms, screwing up things while helping out corporate buddies who shower them with lucrative and undemanding board positions upon retirement, just as is done in the main corporate and financial sectors. From what I can gather, it's fun to be at the top despite the pesky rules and occasional awkward questions.)

      Re farm subs - the original stuff worked, to an extent, and the incentives weren't bad. When it morphed from the individual family subsistence farmer to corporate and factory farming is went it went off the rails and became the monster we know and love. It needs to be shut down.

      As for other individuals, offering things such as re-training and education have their place, I think, if it's done well. ("if it's done well" - aye, the rub) Frankly, we'd likely be far better off simply to do a negative income tax or guaranteed annual stipend - it'd be much simpler and also save a lot of money, including bureaucratic overhead. Those proposals, with hard numbers and good analysis are readily available.

      "we're healthier, wealthier, and better educated than we have ever been before" for some reason reminds me of Galbraith's "Money: Whence it came and where it went." _Some_ are healthier, wealthier, and better educated (although I'll challenge that last - merely having more schooling does not equate to better knowledge of the world around). The trappings of a few consumer goods - TV, maybe a car, some shiny even for many of the poor does not equate to a better life either. Someone in another thread said because poor people can get a pre-paid cell for twenty bucks means they're better off now than then. Aaargh. If you look at income distribution alone, the fact of the shrinking middle class ought to be a sufficient sign.

      We've continually put more of life in terms of money, somehow equating having more money with magically having a better life. What's lost is the examination of value, price, and real costs, not to mention true leisure and its attendant activities. I contend that the beetling focus on money alone is a blind and dead end. Along the way it distracts from and destroys our willingness and ability to see things in any other terms, to the detriment of us all. And meanwhile, of course, we have to deal with a skewed nation

    41. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      Christ on a crutch, all you have to do is look at the budget. It's all there.

      The budget is here:

      http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Fy2007spendingbycategory.png/800px-Fy2007spendingbycategory.png

      As you can see, about 60% is Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, unemployment/welfare, and interest. That leaves 40% for everything else. There is no way social programs are smaller than corporate subsidies.

      Re farm subs - the original stuff worked, to an extent, and the incentives weren't bad.

      Such government programs tend to work in the short term; but they fail in the long term as people learn how to game the system.

      _Some_ are healthier, wealthier, and better educated

      You're trying to spin this as if some ended up better off at the expense of others and that's wrong. A lot of people are better off, and some just stayed where they were. The net result is more inequality. That inequality reflects a larger inequality among the value of different workers and professions to the economy.

      Aaargh. If you look at income distribution alone, the fact of the shrinking middle class ought to be a sufficient sign.

      Here is a comparison of income distributions:

      http://www.cato-unbound.org/sites/cato-unbound.org/files/old/images/burkfig2.jpg

      Yeah, a significant part of the middle class (the green peak) disappeared; it became wealthy (in part just because of demographics), but even the low end of the income distribution shifted upwards slightly. So the US as a whole is better off than it used to be and no income group profited at the expense of other groups.

      I don't mean to show a false sense of impending disaster. We're living inside one already, there's no impending, unless you wish to count all the jobs that will be lost due automation alone in the next thirty years. What will we do with all the jobless?

      Oh my god, not that tired old Luddite argument. Automation doesn't produce joblessness; it never has and it never will. What will happen? They'll get cleaner, better jobs than they had before, either making more of the stuff they were making before, or making stuff nobody had time to make before. Automation makes us all better off.

      I dunno, man; I think it'd be good to sit around a table and follow the numbers - where does money come from and where does it go, and what is it doing for whom as it flows. This is really what Congress is supposed to be doing. Of late in particular they're not doing so well at it.

      No, it is not the job of Congress to direct money around the economy or make sure everybody gets a share; we don't have central planning in the US.

      Ah, crap, I'm not good at this, I can but try, even so poorly. The numbers are there. YMMV.

      The numbers are clear, and they don't support your views.

    42. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      In re-reading my last post I notice my tone got a bit testy among other things - I apologize, as I do for the tardiness of reply due to stuff getting in the way.

      Aaargh, I hate those kinds of color-coded graphs; they're pretty, but with having a good bit of red-green color blindness... I mean, peanut butter is green. Well, isn't it? [grin] I found this, first result, which gives the same numbers in an easier to see and grasp way - I hope you'll find it OK: http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=1258 and there are others. A while back, Randall Munroe over at xkcd.com put together his money chart, which I found illuminating. http://xkcd.com/980/

      I don't dispute these figures at all, but I thank you for pointing them out.

      What I refer to, tho, is the stuff that doesn't so easily show up, often because it's obscure - weird labeling, inclusion as an innocuously-named line-item in some bill, what have you. I just did a search on "corporate welfare" - dive in anywhere, really. The Cato Institute, whence comes the fine graph you present on income distribution, seems to show up a lot, as does cbpp.org. Did I have the time to get into it now, I'd want to get at more of the source data, much of which comes from government. I don't advance any particular search result as proof, but maybe evidence, and certainly entry for further delving.

      Corporate stuff comes in many flavors, going back to the no-tax wild-catting during WWII to things I see in my area such as "If you don't cut our taxes in half, we're moving to $some_place_else." (The latter is considered by most to be entirely proper business practice; I can say only that it often leaves a bad taste in my mind. We've seen examples of how some of this works externally and internally going back to United Fruit and others over a hundred years ago, to the Seven Sisters from the '50s to present day, and so on. As some big companies become multi-national, some of these are becoming, trans-national, and wielding power greater than many nations. It's just business. The ramifications for policy and taxation in any one country get more problematic at best.)

      Re automation - no, don't mean it Luddite-way. I just think there are some real shifts in the making. Best I can reckon, the U.S. never fully recovered just from the automation stuff starting in the automotive industry. Yes, new jobs are created by new technologies. My contention is that increasingly there will be fewer of those new jobs than those displaced - and that this combines with the simple reality that an increasing number of people will be at their own limits of being able to be educated and trained to do the new jobs, let alone possess the basic blend of abilities needed for service jobs such as burger-flipping (robotic, soon) or janitor work. (Funny, that; in hospital I saw the cleaning ladies work hard and well, but they were trained by someone who doesn't know shit from Shinola - simple, easy, quick, and _effective_ areas are missed, because the training idiot is functionally blind to what cleaning is and why it's to be done. If the robots that eventually take over much basic cleaning aren't properly programmed, that situation will not change. I'd hazard to guess that both of us have seen plenty of examples of things designed and built or programmed that are obviously not used by their vendors, because they just don't work well or easily.)

      "Such government programs tend to work in the short term; but they fail in the long term as people learn how to game the system." Absolutely. Concur. Agree. Right on.

      Re Congress. Nope, not central planning. Their responsibility for levies, taxes, budgets does have a bit of effect in that direction, but that's not the point. The point is they've been avoiding some issues while fiddling the numbers here and there, gaming the system for the advantage of themselves, their party, and their funders, rather than for the good of

    43. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      I've held going back fifty years that we need to start by examining our assumptions. What do we value and why, and how do we put a price on it. We use dollars as a yardstick

      Who is this "we" you are talking about? I know what I value and why, and it isn't money. That's why I have lived frugally and saved money. Many who talk about about needing to reevaluate what "we" value are really saying that they want a whole bunch of free stuff, and they want others to "value" their money less so that others pay for it.

      They irony of that is that it hits those particularly hard who actually do live responsibly and frugally. I've paid my mortgage on a small home in a cheap neighborhood, and the thanks I get is that I get to bail out people who took on too much mortgage. I have a high deductible health insurance and keep in shape, and the thanks I get is that Obamacare now forces me to subsidize obese pill poppers and the drug companies.

      I'm concluding that living frugally and not valuing money simply isn't possible anymore. Living frugally and saving money just doesn't leave enough safety margin for 100% increases in health insurance premiums or several percent increases in income tax to pay for other people's crap that I don't want in the first place. With all these progressive social programs, the way to have what I value, namely freedom and being able to decide my own destiny, is increasingly to become so wealthy that I don't have to worry about all the stupid stuff I don't want but that I'm increasingly forced to pay for.

    44. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      I am sorry to learn of your loss. Several friends of mine are in similar straits. I'm too far down the demographic ladder, living two steps up from homeless (first is living at a shelter, second is having "a place to call one's own". Rent is two-thirds my income; half the rest has gone for transportation - and two-thirds of that for medical appointments. At 80% of poverty level, it gets interesting. I worked hard, I tried to do what's right. Shit happened.)

      The "we" is everyone involved in the social contract. Sorry it wasn't obvious. Anyway, the discussion will never happen, so it's moot. We were taught that generally one does not build upon sand (although there ways to do so, ditto permafrost and ice.) I was trying to suggest that we (yes, often more our masters) have built ourselves a set of systems upon un-examined assumptions - beyond the operative one of might making right. So, again, a moot point.

      Good luck to you.

    45. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      Rent is two-thirds my income; half the rest has gone for transportation - and two-thirds of that for medical appointments. At 80% of poverty level,

      FWIW, I don't spend more per month than you seem to be spending (I save the rest). Are you saying you're working, earning 80% of poverty level, and not receiving any government assistance? Or are you not working and entirely on disability payments? Why would you be spending that much money on rent? And why would you be having so many medical appointments?

      I don't understand what assumptions you want to reexamine, or what you think "our masters" are doing to you. How do you feel the rest of society has violated its social contract with you? What do you think the rest of society is obligated to, or even could, do to make your life better?

    46. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      I'm 66 and retired; was on SSI for a year and a half, was required therefore to retire at 64. Due to previous long-term health problems, had no recent work history (I did some odd jobs and computer work off the books as I was able to get and to do) so I get the lowest amount allowed by law. State so far pays Medicaid premium.

      Rent is 500/mo. for 160sq.ft; as an apartment it kinda sucks but if I regard it as a tourist-class cabin on a liner it's "charming". Best deal based on needs and availability in this city. With a felony conviction, rules out subsidized/senior housing; county says I qualify for nothing they might offer.

      So far this year doctor's appointments, blood draws to monitor stuff, a third op on leg (had a DVT with compartmentation and two ops to save the leg, what's left of it), another for lung cancer, consults with ortho, dentist, heart guy, and the two surgeons, X-rays, various CT, PET, and MRI scans, the ops themselves, picking up scripts (opioids can't be phoned in) and picking up meds, I'm out 1000. Add another 500 for getting groceries and whatnot. Plus co-pays, but who's counting. Luckily almost all those locations were in the cheap zone for my discount cab fare, 4 bucks one-way, some were 12, one 16.

      This month, for instance, after paying for Internet access and cell, and minus what I've already shelled out, I have 59 left over for buying personal and household supplies and trips to supermarket for those supplies and groceries, (in cheap zone for cab or using a ride service, round trips anywhere I normally go come to 8 bucks), picking up scripts, taking them to pharmacy, picking up meds. So far I've had to cancel one doctor's appointment and put off three tests and three follow-up consults (the leg and lung cutters want to see me, as does the heart guy). Next month if things work out I should be able to schedule all the scans and blood draws for the same day at the hospital. Don't know about the rest yet. Merry Christmas.

      But don't misunderstand, please. I'm indoors out of the rain, have heat and electricity and reasonably clean water, and nobody's shooting at me, so I am grateful for what I do have.

      (And somewhere along the way I want to try to get a monitor to replace the one that died, so's I can use my '09 home-built tower instead of the old laptop I picked up that year.)

      A year ago all the meds issued on the same date so if everything worked I could do the whole shebang in one trip (with a wait time of usually 4-6 hours at pharmacy). Now, with changes to meds, insurance and pharmacy problems with attendant delays, and delays owing to personal indisposition, it takes five trips. Since neither doctor, pharmacy, nor insurance pharmacy clearing office will work to rationalize things, I'm reducing or skipping meds so as to get everything back on the same date. Saving even 30/mo is critical just now.

      I'm still on crutches, and although I can walk OK on a good day, cannot stand long enough (swelling->pain->loss of consciousness; it's only been the last few months I could sit with both feet on the floor for brief periods) to wait at a bus stop (I can get a half-fare senior/disabled card and would be able to get to a few places, taking better part a day back and forth).

      Forget I brought up the whole assumptions thing, OK? It was meta-level stuff anyway. It's obvious there's a communications breakdown, and I can't think how to fix it, sorry. I never said or even meant to imply that it was about me.

    47. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by stenvar · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry to hear about your problems. So you're really going through something acute right now. I wish you good luck with that and a quick recovery. It sounds like you don't have any kind of support or social network. If friends can't help, have you considered getting help from a church or similar organization?

    48. Re:What the heck has happened to the West ? by kermidge · · Score: 1

      I get some help from friends; a lady brought me a plate of Thanksgiving supper, and another let me do laundry a few weeks back (I've been washing small stuff out in my sink all year, otherwise.) There's an Interfaith Council in town that does stuff - rides and the like, but Jesus doesn't like felons, so that's a no-go.

      I wouldn't mind so much, but I'm in worse shape now than when I came home from rehab on 13 December last year - although the pain is not so acute and I can get mostly full walking motion and full weight on the foot much of the time (providing I stretch real well; the Achilles tendon and such have tightened up considerably - I've lost about an inch, have to try to get that back.) Breathing is not so good half the time, the other half it's kinda bad. [grin] I asked the lung guy if he could put in a trap door so's I could use the space freed up by the lobectomy for a stash box, but he wasn't terribly amused.

      One of the things I found most hurtful in all this is that from the time I called 911 to report a blood clot to the Fire Department getting me to the ER took an hour - and I'm eight blocks from the hospital, the FD five blocks away. But no way I could have walked it with the cane, let alone add to the risk of the clot busting loose and going to lungs or elsewhere. They weren't busy that night, either - I checked. If I had had the money in my pocket I would have taken a cab. They spent twenty minutes with me in the back of the ambulance in front of my house making me answer all their questions three and more times. Every time I raised my voice in pain they started over - said I wasn't cooperating. Had they gotten me to the hospital in timely fashion the heparin might have dissolved the clot, rather than the leg sealing off. We'll never know. But this is a city of rich folks, and they purely don't like los pobres.

      In all honesty I think they were waiting for me to die. Towards the end, I heard one ask the other "Is he still back there?" "Yeah." "I guess we better go, then." DVT/VTE/lung embolism kills ~300,000 per year. (So if your doc says take warfarin, change your diet, and exercise - do it. I didn't have a forewarning, albeit the bypass to the same leg in '03 should maybe have been a clue.)

      Thing is, if things work out reasonably well, a lot of this - except for the COPD - is temporary, apart from risk-management via on-going drugs regimen. I know a couple of people with worse stuff that they have to deal with full time. I hate having to compare myself to someone worse off to make me feel better, tho - it's not a practice I find acceptable or likable. On the other hand, as I told my Doc, "It's my body and I want it back." She just smiled, and shook her head a little. So, what the hell. You live long enough, things start crapping out.

      The rehab place was also a hospice. Was a guy there, had to have every thing done for him. They'd park him in his wheelchair in the TV alcove by one of the nursing stations for the day. Every so often, he'd just enough control to push the wheels and he'd sort of aim himself down a hallway, saying "Gotta go, gotta go, gotta go." until he ran into to something, then he'd start bawling or mewling. They'd fetch him back, soothe him down. Infrequently an aide would have some spare time to wheel him around the halls. He died while I was there.

      The thought of ending up like that gave me the chills, ya know? To end up, trapped, with who knows what mind left - no, no way, man. I believe that everyone should have the simple right to decide for themselves about the whole quality of life thing - and be able to check out as and when they please, or have that stipulated in a living will if that control is not directly available to them (with confirmation, if that's possible, of course). My own druthers would be to pick a time, invite my friends, have a party, and say goodbye during the festivities. It'd be one helluva wake.

      Thanks for your kind wishes; much appreciated.

      One thing I think I've learned, long ago, is that even tho it might not be readily visible, most folks got stuff they got to deal with, one way or the other.

  9. Indians, in spaaaaace by BringsApples · · Score: 1, Offtopic

    India is like another planet. I had the opportunity to live in India in 1996-1997 and work heavily with Indians. They are such a pleasure to work with (I was working in agriculture) and things go by so softly over there (in Chennai - Manapakkam - at least). I remember thinking that, it felt how I assume it felt in America back in the 40's. I hope that India is able to weave itself into a respectable position with other first-world countries, even if only for the first-world country's sake - for the sake of remembering how to work together as a team for a noble cause.

    --
    Politics; n. : A religion whereby man is god.
    1. Re:Indians, in spaaaaace by xyzzymage · · Score: 0

      Sounds nice, as long as the "1940s" you describe doesn't extend to the old gender roles -- those are fine for people that naturally fit them, but not very pleasant for those of us that don't. :-)

    2. Re:Indians, in spaaaaace by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      Sounds nice, as long as the "1940s" you describe doesn't extend to the old gender roles -- those are fine for people that naturally fit them, but not very pleasant for those of us that don't. :-)

      Well, they not only have fucked up gender roles, but they also have their own answer to racism, the caste system. Which is officially over, but very much still alive and well today. And as hateful as ever. It just goes to show that until The People of (wherever) decide to cooperate on a better future, someone always finds a way to divide and conquer them. India has its attractions but ecologically it's a fucking wasteland. What could it look like with more cooperation? I notice their last vestiges of royalty are still living in pretty opulent surroundings. If only they were motivated to improve the whole country, and not just their own grounds.

      You know, just like everywhere else.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  10. his point is what he said, US and EU news all fail by raymorris · · Score: 2

    I don't think that's what GP said.
    GP asked "where are the Europeans and Americans?", perhaps pointing out that lately the US and EU countries are only in the news for fail of various kinds.
    In the fifties and again from about 1985-2000, all the big space and science news, the big new machines, etc. were all coming mainly from the US and the UK. About 15 years ago, something happened such that the US in no longer the leading nation it once was. Perhaps that's what GP is referring to.

  11. might get ahead? China OWNS the US, borrower slave by raymorris · · Score: 0

    > Asia is playing catch up very very fast, and before long, they might even get ahead of you guys !

    Who do you think is financing all of these new government programs in the US? That's China's money we're living off of. The US is spending WAY more than we make, racking up insurmountable debt to Asia. "The borrower is slave to the lender", as the saying goes. Meaning, a larger and larger portion of our earnings are paid to China in the form of interest. The "great American companies" are largely owned by Asian owners now. They don't have to "get ahead of us", we work for them.

  12. An Indian Odyssey by varshar · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Excellent work by our scientists and engineers at ISRO.

    Mangalyaan is thus far proving:

    1. How reliable PSLV series is for commercial space-launch.

    2. How far India has come in mastery over orbital mechanics - witness the precise application of Oberth effect. This isn't just your granddads Hohmann slingshot. At least not yet.

    3. Setting benchmark pricing for Mars transit at USD 70 Mn. for 485 Kg payload viz. 144K USD per Kg.

    4. Generating huge impact among school kids. Visits to Nehru planetarium are no longer about US this and Russia that... even though we owe them for being pioneers.

    I look forward to the next logical extension viz. manned-mission with the Indian flag atop Olympus Mons.

    Varun

    1. Re:An Indian Odyssey by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm excited about it too, and very happy about the program.

      It's not over yet, though, and everyone should be reluctant to celebrate. Mars has a reputation for being a probe killer. There's still plenty of time for this to end very badly.

    2. Re:An Indian Odyssey by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In all fairness, a single launch is just a small step towards proving reliability. I did note the interesting use of the Oberth effect to push out the apoapsis, but I think you're confusing things. The Oberth effect was used while in Earth orbit, whereas the Hohmann transfer orbit is used to change from Earth orbit to Mars orbit. And "slingshot" commonly refers to gravity assists. In this case, the only possible assist would have been from a moon (either ours, or Phobos or Deimos to brake near Mars). But Mangalyaan uses no gravity assists (IIRC, no Mars mission did. Timing that is hard.)

    3. Re:An Indian Odyssey by Third+Position · · Score: 1

      Even if it ends badly, it'll still pay off in the acquired expertise. The first few attempts by Russia and the US didn't pan out so hot, either. It may be an expensive education, but it's an education nonetheless.

      --
      American Third Position
      Finally, a real choice!
    4. Re:An Indian Odyssey by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Excellent work by our scientists and engineers at ISRO.

      Mangalyaan is thus far proving: ...

      Varun

      Maybe it's time for western civilizations to work together to reinvent its foreign policies--a slightly isolationist, but benevolent helpful one that supports improving the human condition without endangering others, including their own defense. One of its fundamental tenets should be to quit being an enabler to dysfunctional societies; another is to require complete reciprocity between States that allow its people to acquire dual or multiple citizenship.

      Perhaps it will also help to minimize middle age adults sounding like a pompous high school kid from an upper class clique.

  13. The Sun and the science of Moonraker? by jphamlore · · Score: 2

    When I think of the Sun and science, I can't help but think of the James Bond movie Moonraker where the opposing teams of astronauts / space marines are killing each other in Earth orbit with space lasers, one guy gets hit, and he starts to fall into the Sun.

    1. Re:The Sun and the science of Moonraker? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      When I think of the Sun and science, I can't help but think of the James Bond movie Moonraker where the opposing teams of astronauts / space marines are killing each other in Earth orbit with space lasers, one guy gets hit, and he starts to fall into the Sun.

      Our first war in orbit will be the last one for a long time. Of course it will be the end of most everything in orbit. There was a reason the US only tested 1 sat killer, and there was an uproar when the Chinese did that a few years ago. Space junk. The massive amounts of debris will prevent most space travel until most of it de-orbits.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  14. My racist joke by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ISRO called it 'the mother of all slingshots.'

    In my head I read that in an Indian accent.

  15. Kongrats by vikingpower · · Score: 1

    to India, and to ISRO. Excellent engineering. I am genuinely glad for them to have succeeded here. The more countries master this, the better it is for the exploration of space, for technology, and maybe even for peace: engineers employed at carrying out TMI are not working on, say, ICMBs and their ballistics. Goes true also for China, Russia, the US.

    --
    Religous speak to God. Insane are spoken to by God. When all shut up, one can finally hear Shostakovich in peace
  16. NASA launched a probe 13 days ago by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    NASA launched the MAVEN probe for Mars on November 18. Now, this probe is India's first Mars probe, so it is special in that regard. It was launched on a rocket weaker than the Delta II. Given all the hoopla Iran has been getting for its rocket development, I wonder when it will launch its first probe outside of the Earth system.

  17. completely wrong by stenvar · · Score: 1

    The US has been *reducing* the amount spent on "trying to fix social problems" (or anything that primarily benefits everyday citizens, for that matter) for at least 3 decades now, not increasing it!

    That's completely wrong. In fact, we are spending a larger and larger portion of our budget on social programs:

    http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/Hist/BudGDP.jpg

    http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/infographics/2012/10/SR-fed-spending-numbers-2012-p2-2-chart-3_HIGHRES.jpg

    Science, infrastructure, and other spending that benefits everyday citizens is being squeezed out by ineffective welfare programs.

  18. Re:the opposite. JP Morgan, Carnegie, etc in our h by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Gee, your post was sent from 'dem dang ol' lec-tronics thingums and chances are you didn't access Slashdot from the public library as your only means. Put that in your pipe and schmoke it down. So chill out there Slick 50. You better checcck -ch ch check out what the world is nowadays. I think your argument predates a few current realities such as - those electronics now provide vast amounts of exploitable real time intelligence and that there are profits gained in the shadows from aforementioned exploitation by "vast enterprises", (while people either defend their denial while they secretly plead to the universe that they don't get ganked by a black hat). - hard work is the devil, (no shit), because to work hard nowadays means to surrender your integrity at a job that fucks you on your wages and that limits your hours so as to duck having to consider you as a full time employee to side-step having to give you any damn benefits as your body wears down and you grow older. Long gone are the days where new accomplishments ring the bell of the future because the people have either gotten used to being exploited or rot away faster as the bile eats them away on the inside because they feel powerless to change things to where pride and integrity have been restored. Dig around and find how much modern technology there is that will never see the light of the market because it clashes with the financial forecasts of corporations unwilling to adapt to thriving in a new jungle while people like me have to navigate across the broken economic engines and greed to find enough to pay my debts while avoid being turned into another damned sharecropper filling their role as a tool in another misguided corporate strategy implementation. It's hard enough to find a job or niche in your field while the economy collapses all around you wile bafoons are at the helm in D.C. running around like chickens with their heads cut off babbling rhetoric that insults all but the most basic forms of intelligence. And it would actually mean something to people if your statement about businesses building stuff if they would take responsibility and clean up the toxins that result from "building stuff" - but oh hell no! Just keep on providing us with cheap plastic junk that we don't need even if we are willing to buy it. how the fuck do you expect us to cure cancer when businesses knowingly and willingly keep cramming carcinogens down our throats? And if you even had a farm, you have to deal with shit from Monsanto - not the poor little undesirable kid playing his video games because it's the only way he can pay attention for any length of time because the ADD and fucked effects of his meds because he was exposed to endocrine disruptors while in the womb. So, give consideration to bitching about the shit that businesses do to fuck us over, better yet do something about it. For starters, you have mother fuckers with PhD's working in convenience stores if they are lucky enough. They might be a good pool to work with to do something worthwhile and don't try to exploit them. Try to provide a solution rather than seek a shady profit. After that, if you have people unwilling (not unable) to get off their asses exploit those fuckers. Shitcan media that is nothing more than weird spinoffs of sesame street for adults that has us hurdling towards idiocracy and out of control. Quit thinking in terms of survival and realize a course of action where money and industry are a side effect of perseverance. Lead our generations with integrity and wisdom so that they can know the same for themselves. Turn the surveillance camera on yourself, watch the playback and try to be honest with yourself with what you see. Be humble enough to do the right thing.

  19. Uh, Correct Me If I'm Wrong... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Correct me if I'm wrong, but wasn't it in a "Sun-centric" orbit before it even left the launchpad?

    Just saying.

  20. Needs more Kerbal by MrLogic17 · · Score: 1

    Is it just me, or does anyone else need a screen shot of the path in a Kerbal Space simulation?
    They I hear the term "slingshot" (from TFS), I imagine a multi-pass loop around earth making a gravitational slingshot out part Earth's sphere of influence.

  21. Re:might get ahead? China OWNS the US, borrower sl by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What a remarkable ignorant comment. It's amazing how much milage people get out of distorting the fact that China is the largest foreign holder of American debt. First of all, they're not the largest holder, America is -- the majority of money owed by the US Gov is owed to Americans. Secondly, of the portion of the debt that is owed to foreigners, the list is over a hundred countries. Like many long lists, the #1 position does not imply majority (consider the a list of 25, 22, 20, 19, 17, 16 -- the first entry does not contain the majority of the sum, and that list is only six long). In fact, only about one sixteenth of US debt is owed to the Chinese.
    "That's China's money we're living off of"? That's not even China's dime out of every dollar we're living off of. I know, Sarah Palin said otherwise, but Sarah Palin is notoriously bad at math...

  22. Re:his point is what he said, US and EU news all f by rubycodez · · Score: 0

    Nonsense, the American space program is far ahead of the rest of the world. Who has rovers on Mars? who has done massive inventory of planets around other stars? who has craft half way to Pluto? Who has craft orbiting Mercury to map the planet, that discovered ice and organics at its poles?

  23. Re:the opposite. JP Morgan, Carnegie, etc in our h by kilodelta · · Score: 1

    The Apollo program was an interesting beast. It coupled a quasi government agency up with private industry to produce the hardware and software necessary to land us on the Moon and return us safely. A lot of people don't realize that the Apollo program had pieces in almost every single state in the union. My uncle worked designing the seals for the spacecraft and space suits here in Rhode Island.

    And inside every State House in the Union there's a piece of Moon rock. Yeah, that's where they went.

  24. Re:might get ahead? China OWNS the US, borrower sl by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's better than that. Although there is a deficit, the US still collects more revenue than it borrows. When you sum it all up, out of every dollar we're spending, less than cents of it is money borrowed from the Chinese. To claim "that's China's money we're spending" when over 98 cents out of every dollar isn't is just patently absurd.

  25. Re:his point is what he said, US and EU news all f by kilodelta · · Score: 1

    Plus the U.S. is heavily involved in the International Space Station and in another project which I find more interesting and while terrestrial it's basis is in the stars. It's the ITER project. The U.S. is one of the sponsors of that project too. Fusion my friend - or commercial fusion.

  26. Re:might get ahead? China OWNS the US, borrower sl by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "less than two cents of it"

    Just a few facts in brief:

    Over two thirds of the money spent by the US government is collect from revenue, not borrowed.

    Of the money that is borrowed, the majority of it is borrowed domestically.

    Of the money that is borrowed from foreigners, less than a quarter of it is borrowed from the Chinese.

    Very little of the money we spend is "China's money".

  27. Catch with a slingshot? by justthinkit · · Score: 1

    A slingshot speeds up a projectile. Planets slingshot space probes, making them travel much faster than propellants alone could accomplish. Do you play catch with a slingshot? In this case, the probe was slowed down by a planet. A reverse slingshot, if anything.

    --
    I come here for the love
    1. Re:Catch with a slingshot? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      The ISRO Mars orbiter was in an eliptical orbit of Earth and a burn at the lower (close to Earth) end of that orbit injected it into a heliocentric transfer orbit. The spacecraft has more kinetic+potential energy now than it did before the burn.

      http://www.isro.org/mars/mission-profile.aspx (they just completed step 1)

  28. Re:check it out by kermidge · · Score: 1

    Ghosh, Rosie, I'd love to surf on over there, but my nurse is leaving, so no more channel flipping tonight for me. I'm sure that once there whatever fee might be involved in pursuing my life's dreams would be most nominal and certain to be applied only to defray necessary expenses.

    Speaking of which, I could well be in a most wonderful position to make a substantial investment in this regard, as I've been left a rather embarrassingly large stack of old treasury notes in a safe deposit box which belonged to my dear recently departed uncle, a most kindly gentleman who entrusted these bonds to me in the hopes I might better myself.

    Unfortunately what with my rather extensive life-support needs and their attendant, er, attendants, I'm unable to get across the country to pick them up - a task which may not be delegated according to the bank's officers. There is a possible solution, in that a professional friend at one of my city's consulates (which I fear must remain nameless out of respectful discretion) has most generously offered me the free use of the embassy's private jet if only I can provide for the small cost of the fuel needed. For the pittance of but $74,000USD then the task is complete. (Needless to say, whomever was instrumental in providing such a trifling investment would be generously rewarded; I was thinking a, um, finder's fee, shall we call it? on the order of 1/3 that amount might be a proper gesture of gratitude, don't you? - plus expenses, of course. If you could but help in this time of need against what promises to be a large windfall, I would truly be most thankful in a remunerative fashion.

    Please respond to lynchspammers@upthine.org. I anxiously await your no doubt kindly, generous, and humbling missive.

  29. Re:his point is what he said, US and EU news all f by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

    Nonsense, the American space program is far ahead of the rest of the world. Who has rovers on Mars? who has done massive inventory of planets around other stars? who has craft half way to Pluto? Who has craft orbiting Mercury to map the planet, that discovered ice and organics at its poles?

    And the Chinese are starting to reach for the planets. With humans. We're redoing versions of what we have done before. And while the Chinese are playing catch up, as well as the Indians, we are not going any further than what we are now.

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  30. Re:his point is what he said, US and EU news all f by rubycodez · · Score: 1

    the USA is the only country to send men to another world. the Chinese talk of walking on the moon in 2025.

  31. Re:his point is what he said, US and EU news all f by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

    the USA is the only country to send men to another world. the Chinese talk of walking on the moon in 2025.

    So far. So in a few years, you'll be able to say "Well, yeah - but we were first!" BFHD

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  32. Re:his point is what he said, US and EU news all f by rubycodez · · Score: 1

    first let's see them up their launch payload capacity by a factor of 30 from their current biggest rocket

  33. Re:the opposite. JP Morgan, Carnegie, etc in our h by guruevi · · Score: 1

    Maybe you've forgot how those people like JP Morgan and Carnegie would likewise destroy people that had great ideas like Nikolai Tesla or prey on the scientists that moved from war-torn Germany/Europe to the 'land of opportunity' (eg. Wernher von Braun)

    --
    Custom electronics and digital signage for your business: www.evcircuits.com
  34. even if Tesla was a loser, still that was then by raymorris · · Score: 1

    It doesn't matter. If you think Tesla was the big loser who was somehow "destroyed" by JP Morgan, the fact remains that the age of the great industrialists was way back then. The claim was that today is the period of the great American industrial empires. To anybody with any idea of American history, that idea is preposterous. Today's companies are primarily owned by millions of grandma's via their 401K.

    I happen to disagree with the assertion that Tesla was destroyed - we both know his name, despite the fact that he was more talk than action.

  35. sad extremities of having cents versus dollars by korniko · · Score: 1

    A parallel /. article is 'Millionaire Plans Mission To Mars In 2018'. It is very sad to see such extremities; each of the 1.237 billion (1.237E9 or 1.237E12 depending on your persuasion but either way many more than this now) Indians lobs in an average of 5.8c whilst one millionaire (ie one person) can attempt a similar sort of Mars expedition.

  36. Re: the opposite. JP Morgan, Carnegie, etc in our by kbx911 · · Score: 0

    This...was beautiful.