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It Was the Worst Industrial Disaster In US History, and We Learned Nothing

superboj writes "Forget Deepwater Horizon or Three Mile Island: The biggest industrial disaster in American history actually happened in 2008, when more than a billion gallons of coal sludge ran through the small town of Kingston, Tennessee. This story details how, five years later, nothing has been done to stop it happening again, thanks to energy industry lobbying, federal inaction, and secrecy imposed on Congress. 'It estimated that 140,000 pounds of arsenic had spilled into the Emory River, as well as huge quantities of mercury, aluminum and selenium. In fact, the single spill in Kingston released more chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel into the environment than the entire U.S. power industry spilled in 2007. ... Kingston, though, is by far the worst coal ash disaster that the industry has ever seen: 5.4 million cubic yards of coal ash, containing at least 10 known toxins, were spilled. In fact, the event ... was even bigger than the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, which spewed approximately 1 million cubic yards of oil into the Gulf of Mexico."

52 of 290 comments (clear)

  1. Not even close to the worst. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The worst industrial disaster in US history is an ongoing event and involves the release of massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning.

    1. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Exactly! We need to all stop exhaling immediately! You first

    2. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Teun · · Score: 4, Insightful
      The shills (and uneducated) might have downmodded you but I'm happy to spend some karma on supporting your statement.

      And I work in the energy industry...

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    3. Re:Not even close to the worst. by iggymanz · · Score: 3, Insightful

      bullshit, more lives saved and extended and given modern life of luxury through the use of fossil fuels than any other technological action of man

    4. Re:Not even close to the worst. by i+kan+reed · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yes, but the point you guys need to come to terms with is that fossil fuels aren't the only source of energy production and transport, and it's becoming apparent that the harm outweighs the minor increases in fiscal cost of many other technologies.

      We do indeed have those that think that somehow things were better before industry, but those aren't the people you should be discussing the future with. Just like I shouldn't be discussing energy plans with people who think oil is a divinely provided renewable resource.

    5. Re:Not even close to the worst. by RabidReindeer · · Score: 5, Informative

      We don't dig up fossil fuels out of the ground and eat them.

      What do you think saccharin is made of?

    6. Re:Not even close to the worst. by ericloewe · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Nothing that nuclear power can't fix with a much lower impact.

    7. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Adriax · · Score: 3, Funny

      Parent is an illegal alien.
      He has to be. He's advertising the fact he's a martian right in his name and no country on earth has laws to allow martians to immigrate.

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    8. Re:Not even close to the worst. by amorsen · · Score: 3, Interesting

      We don't dig up fossil fuels out of the ground and eat them.

      If only we did. That would lower fossil CO2 consumption compared to most of the types of food we actually eat.

      Alas, coal is not very tasty and the human body cannot do much useful with it.

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    9. Re:Not even close to the worst. by iggymanz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      i agree, however we're not smart enough like other nations to be researching or building the reactors that can't melt down, make no long -term waste (as in decay in decades rather than millenia), and that can even burn our enormous cache of cooling pond and cask "spent fuel"

    10. Re:Not even close to the worst. by bunratty · · Score: 2

      Right, the nitpicking. Let me rephrase... 99.9% of the food we eat does not come from fossil fuels we dug up out of the ground. The carbon dioxide we exhale comes almost exclusively from carbon that is already part of the carbon cycle, so the problem with carbon dioxide emissions is not animals breathing.

      --
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    11. Re:Not even close to the worst. by TubeSteak · · Score: 4, Informative

      Where do you think we get fertilizers that are used to grow the food we dig out of the ground?
      Not to mention that we dig food out of the ground with fossil fuel powered equipment.

      Our modern agricultural system is not possible without petroleum inputs.

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    12. Re:Not even close to the worst. by macpacheco · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It's being done, but outside the USA.
      Terrestrial Energy Inc of Canada are developing a simpler version of the LFTR reactor, the DMSR, operating on a mix of Thorium and Uranium, with the ability to be at least 50x more efficient than regular LWR reactors (as in GWh of energy produced per ton of fissile/fertile material fed into the reactor). Since it's a molten salt / molten fuel design, once the reactor is decommissioned, it's core materials can be recycled into a new reactor. They are skipping the nuclear material reprocessing (as well as a few others technological advantages of LFTR that carry perceived regulatory hurdles).
      But reprocessing could be performed every so many years, for a huge gain in efficiency (the more fission products kept inside the reactor, the less efficient it gets).
      The main difference of LFTR to DMSR is the DMSR always runs of a mix of Thorium and enriched uranium, such that any U-233 produced is instantly mixed with U-238, such that it makes the U-233 produced just as hard to extract than U-235 from mined uranium.
      But contrary to regular water cooled / solid fuel reactors, Xe-135 produced is immediately captured at the top of the reactor (Xe-135 is the biggest efficiency problem in solid fuel reactors), plus the molten fuel means annual fuel top offs can be done without stopping the reactor, making for a reactor that can run much closer to 100% of the time.
      Finally as all molten fuel / molten coolant reactors, it has the drain tank, the catch pan and the freeze plug that makes the reactor walk away safe (if the reactor overheats the freeze plug melts draining the core material into the drain tank, if the reactor suffers a leak the leakage either solidify plugging the leak or drains into the catch pan. And finally, since the core material is a solid below 300C, and there's nothing at any high pressure, the reactor isn't trying to throw radioactive materials into the atmosphere.
      Hopefully this will be online by 2022.
      Long video (73 minutes): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v...
      Bottom line, if this works (I think it will), doing a full blown LFTR Thorium reactor will be much easier, since the DMSR is in most ways a simplification of the full LFTR reactor.

    13. Re:Not even close to the worst. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I would wager 50% of the food we eat depends on green houses an 'life stock stalls' that are lighted, heated and cooled with energy made from fossil fuels.
      Add to that transportation of food and water for life stock, transportation of their dung, themselves their meat etc.
      The meat industry is one of the biggest polluters of the planet ... exactly: industry, the age of mere farmers is gone since ages.

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    14. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      "Hydro" almost certainly refers to hydroelectric power in this context.

    15. Re:Not even close to the worst. by operagost · · Score: 4, Interesting

      No, this statement was provocative hyperbole that equates controlled use of energy resources to industrial accidents. It's like calling every infamous head of state "Hitler" and is a distraction from setting our priorities to real problems. AC was wise to post AC, because he/she has no real conviction.

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    16. Re:Not even close to the worst. by bunratty · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Exactly. That's why we want to switch from fossil fuels to energy sources that do not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, such as solar, wind, nuclear, biofuels, etc. "Not breathing" is not the answer to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, nor is moving back to caves or pre-industrial times.

      --
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    17. Re:Not even close to the worst. by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 2

      You are just a scared little ostrich with his head in the sand.

      You sure are putting the "coward" into AC.

    18. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Wookact · · Score: 2

      Because the amount in their products is many times the amount in your water?

    19. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Zynder · · Score: 3, Funny

      Nothing to worry about. He always wastes his time hunting for his Illudium Q36 Explosive Space Modulators so we really don't have to worry about any Earth-shattering Kabooms!

    20. Re:Not even close to the worst. by kriston · · Score: 2, Informative

      The CANDU reactor program got it right decades ago and keeps getting better, but since it's not from the US, and has the false reputation of promoting nuclear proliferation, the US is not interested.

      CANDU also, unfortunately, has a politically-fueled false perception of promoting nuclear proliferation partly because it was falsely accused to have aided the Smiling Buddha program (that was CIRUS, not CANDU, but who's paying attention?).

      Oh, there is that unavoidable 1% tritium release rate, though.

      --

      Kriston

    21. Re:Not even close to the worst. by TapeCutter · · Score: 3, Insightful

      hyperbole that equates controlled use of energy resources to industrial accidents

      Melting the north pole may not an accident but it is certainly an environmental disaster of unprecedented proportions.

      --
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    22. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Wookact · · Score: 2

      Amount of flouride in drinking water? 0.7 to 1.2 ppm
      Amount of fluoride in mouthwash? 225 ppm


      So drinking an ounce of mouthwash is equivalent to drinking between 188 and 321 ounces of water. In standard 8 ounce glasses of water that would be between 23.5 and 40 glasses of water.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F...
      http://thyroid.about.com/libra...


      So you may have a point if you drink a couple of gallons of tap water a day. I am going to guess that you don't though, so I would recommend that you drink your 8 glasses of water a day and don't drink your mouthwash.

    23. Re:Not even close to the worst. by Streetlight · · Score: 2

      American agriculture uses three units of energy to produce one unit of food energy. Much of this comes from methane to produce ammonia. Other energy uses in agriculture are pretty obvious such as fuel for tractors, harvesting combines and transportation to storage elevators. Liquid propane is used by farmers to dry their corn to a low moisture content to prevent it rotting or keep fungus away. This last energy use has affected those who heat their homes with propane this last winter because of its price increase because of the high demand by farmers and the wet autumn. So indirectly much if not all of our food comes from carbon compounds coming out of the ground, not just the carbon dioxide in the air.

      --
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    24. Re:Not even close to the worst. by rubycodez · · Score: 2

      those antibiotics are created, transported, marketed with oil and coal power and would not exist without them. fossil fuel has driven human progress, and the ony viable scalable alternative is nuclear power from third and fourth generation reactors.

  2. Re:There real reason ... by BullInChina · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Just remember, every vote against nuclear is a vote FOR coal.

  3. Where have I heard about spills like this before? by OzPeter · · Score: 5, Informative
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  4. Molasses Molasses, sticky sticky goo by icebike · · Score: 4, Informative

    Don't forget the Great Molasses Disaster(s) which release tons of toxic sulfur into the rivers. These are an on-going problem over the years and we have learned "Nothin".

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  5. We've learned nothing? by mendax · · Score: 2

    Oh, we've learned something. We've learned that this is something the government doesn't want to deal with. How much sludge does a company have to pour into a river before the government not only takes notice but does something about it?

    --
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    1. Re:We've learned nothing? by Charliemopps · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's not a matter of "how much" it's a matter of "Who lives down river"

      I'm going to hazard a guess that in this case it was poor people.

    2. Re:We've learned nothing? by Tailhook · · Score: 3, Informative

      How much sludge does a company have to pour into a river before the government not only takes notice but does something about it?

      TVA is wholly owned by the federal government. The federally owned earthen embankments were known to be leaking by the federally funded TVA employees for years before the slurry that the federal government was responsible for containing broke lose.

      --
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  6. Re:There real reason ... by gurps_npc · · Score: 5, Interesting
    So much easier for you to blame someone else (the media...) than to accept responsibility for you own apathy.

    We had the huge recession, and the media was more interested in Obama's victory.

    More importantly, the coal industry spent a lot of money and legal effort to prevent the media from getting photos.

    I heard about it from the main stream media and remember being offended by how the industry was restricting coverage.

    If you didn't, then perhaps you should accept responsibility for watching crappy media instead of blaming the media for being crappy.

    That is, not all media is as incompetent as the ones you watch.

    --
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  7. Don't forget Duke Energy by smooth+wombat · · Score: 5, Informative

    Their recent coal ash spill coated 70 MILES of the Dan River, but thanks to them buying off the legislature and a Governor who happened to have worked for Duke Energy, they may escape any liability for the cleanup, leaving it up to the taxpayers to foot the bill.

    --
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    1. Re:Don't forget Duke Energy by Ralph+Wiggam · · Score: 2

      leaving it up to the taxpayers to foot the bill.

      In November, those taxpayers will overwhelmingly vote to reelect the same legislators and Governor- because the alternative would be voting for a Democrat and their Socialist job-killing environmental regulations.

  8. Re:There real reason ... by cusco · · Score: 2

    Editors and publishers have learned the hard way that you don't fuck with the energy companies unless you have a battalion of lawyers at your disposal. You especially don't fuck with Big Coal in the middle of coal country.

    As far as the Bush Madministration, the link is trivially easy to make. Shrub reduced inspections, regulations, reporting, safety rules and liability levels for the entire range of extractive industries. Obama's only blame is not restoring them.

    --
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  9. Nope by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 5, Informative

    The worst industrial disaster in US history occurred in 1947 when a series of explosions killed 581 people, including all but one member of the Texas City fire department.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T...

    The initial blast was also one of the largest non-nuclear explosion in US history.

    1. Re:Nope by iggymanz · · Score: 4, Interesting

      indeed, and even if we confined ourselves to worst coal slurry accidents in 1972 there were 125 killed, over 1000 injured and 4000 left homeless in the so-called Buffalo Creek Flood in Logan County, West Virginia

  10. what "company"? It's a government operated plant by raymorris · · Score: 3, Informative

    What are you talking about? It was a government operated power plant, run by the Tennessee Valley Authority.

  11. Re:There real reason ... by rnswebx · · Score: 2

    There are many stories that are "gotten" but never actually make it to mass media. I agree with the sentiment that a motivated reporter will usually be able to get a story, but that doesn't mean it gets printed or played on air. Most media outlets have giant corporations as their parent, and often those corporations are heavily influenced by lobbyists and others who are actively working to keep negative news from the press.

  12. Johnstown? by Stargoat · · Score: 5, Informative

    What about Johnstown, when a dam built by a railroad company collapsed, killing well over 2000 people. Yes, at the time the dam belonged to a club run by industrialists as a hunting and fishing preserve, but it was still an industrial accident.

    --
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  13. Re:There real reason ... by gewalker · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I've read a number of different estimates for deaths related to coal pollution, 10-15K annually in the US, 150-300K globally. Even if those estimates are 10 time actual, it is hard to beat coal pollution as the top killer for industrial activity. Disasters like collapses of mines, dams, coal ash pond get a lot more attention.

    Turning off every coal plant today would be a much bigger disaster -- people freezing, starving, diseases, etc. would be far worse, but hey, I am all for replacing coal with safer nukes, etc. All major systems will results in accidents and deaths, it is kind of the way it is. Even today, $/kwh from coal is generally cheaper than the viable alternatives. Arguably, a new generation of nuclear power could be cheaper than coal (fuel costs on the order of 15-25% of coal), but this is certainly not guaranteed.

    You still need transportation fuels (hard to replace jet planes with battery operated or nuclear).,

  14. Re:Deepwater Horizon non sequitur by RabidReindeer · · Score: 2

    The oil that 'spilled' into the gulf in 2010 was a naturally occurring substance, as evidenced by how easily the environment dealt with it.

    I think a lot of Gulf folks in the seafood industry would have something to say about "how easily the environment dealt with it".

    They're still digging oil out of the beaches in Alaska and the Exxon-Valdez incident was a long time ago now.

  15. Re:There real reason ... by i+kan+reed · · Score: 2

    They're going in a bin labeled "pointless rhetoric that doesn't actually begin to address real-world problems." Both major parties are really good at sucking votes out of that bin, and the remaining sludge in it is made of people who think cynical non-participation makes them somehow morally superior.

  16. er whoops I mean nationalized by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

    er whoops I mean nationalized

    You know, the opposite of what I wrote.

    More coffee please

    --
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  17. Re:Where have I heard about spills like this befor by i+kan+reed · · Score: 4, Interesting

    It's smaller. What's more annoying(as a local...ish) is that the state department of environmental regulation has been gutted by a governor who actually owns a lot of stock in Duke Energy. And even after the big news about this, it turns out that Duke actually still has pumps designed to pump coal ash directly from their pools into the cape fear river "for maintenance", in direct violation of the clean water act.

    They excused it by saying "we didn't get any recommendation against it by the state environmental agency".

  18. Oh shuit up you just hate frreedom by WOOFYGOOFY · · Score: 4, Insightful

    You just hate freedom. You want to take away my right to pollute the atmosphere so badly that it causes massive socio-political upheaval s around the world completely re-ordering the geopolitical landscape , uniting our enemies and making new ones under a unified belief that THIS is what America did to us, unleashing waves of suicide terrorism both abroad and domestically, all fueled by the deaths of hundreds of millions of innocent people, and unified by the theme that "this (desertification, devastating ocean rise unsurvivable heat waves, crop failures and finally, the death of large ocean life as the acidification takes out the lowest levels of the oceanic food pyramid, causing all above to collapse - THIS is what America did to us".

    You just hate America and you're against freedom. That's all.

  19. Re:There real reason ... by Gothmolly · · Score: 2

    I heard about it from the main stream media and remember being offended by how the industry was restricting coverage.

    The media needs to stop "being offended" and start being journalists.

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  20. Re:Deepwater Horizon non sequitur by CanHasDIY · · Score: 2

    In fact, the event that woke Sarah McCoin that nightâ"the deluge that moved houses and ripped trees from the groundâ"was even bigger than the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, which spewed approximately 1 million cubic yards of oil into the Gulf of Mexico.

    The oil that 'spilled' into the gulf in 2010 was a naturally occurring substance, as evidenced by how easily the environment dealt with it.

    Mercury is a naturally occurring substance - are you really trying to argue that dumping 100,000,000 cubic yards of mercury into the Gulf would have no negative environmental effect?

    --
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  21. Re:Deepwater Horizon non sequitur by ColaMan · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Ash = ash.
    Coal ash is different from volcanic ash.

    I used to do ash analysis on coal samples - coal ash is pushing 95% silica and alumina. The rest of the elemental analysis are trace elements, which can be made to sound super-scary when you scale up the quantities to thousands of tons. OMG! There's 100,000 pounds of this KILLER element released! Yes, but it's spread out evenly though 10 million tons of slurry over 100 square miles. You could probably strip-mine the top 5 feet of the same area in a city and find higher concentrations.

    The biggest problem is not all the toxic waste, it's all the bloody inert sludge that's everywhere.

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  22. Good Thing They Linked Wikipedia by TangoMargarine · · Score: 3, Informative
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  23. Re:Deepwater Horizon non sequitur by Valdrax · · Score: 2

    There's 100,000 pounds of this KILLER element released! Yes, but it's spread out evenly though 10 million tons of slurry over 100 square miles. You could probably strip-mine the top 5 feet of the same area in a city and find higher concentrations.

    Yes, but the difference is that isn't not all in a highly soluble form with a high surface area. This is why mine tailings are such a huge source of acid and metal contamination. What would take millions of years to expose to streams and waters via natural erosion is ground up and dumped straight into waterways by industry. The resulting contamination is much higher than you would find by running water over the top of the material before processing.

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  24. Re:71 years, Hanford is still a radiactive cesspoo by Valdrax · · Score: 2

    The DOE's cleanup job is a joke here. I refuse to support any new nuclear power plant in the U.S. until it can be proven that the mess that results can be cleaned up.

    Now, that's a bit too far. Hanford was contaminated long before we had any good understanding of how to properly contain radioactive waste, had any solid idea of what kind of harm it could do, and had any kind of national environmental regulation that established standards for proper handling. Oh, and it was a military site which meant that it would have likely been handled incredibly irresponsibly due to the lack of accountability that secrecy provides them.

    You should consider whether or not in the current framework with a civilian project forced to obey modern standards whether or not such a mess is likely to occur again and whether it's likely to occur in a manner that creates such a nightmare in the first place. It may still be reasonable to conclude, "No," but you really should hold up Hanford as the measuring stick for what can be done over 50 years (and an entire environmental movement) later.

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