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Is Bamboo the Next Carbon Fibre?

An anonymous reader writes with this excerpt from the BBC about one very cool building material: "Real carbon fibre, mind, is still just as wondrous as it was in the last century, even if a bit more commonplace in road cars. But it's still very expensive to make in large pieces and quantities, it requires copious energy to manufacture, can be very brittle if made poorly, is not recyclable and can impose a detrimental impact of the environment when being produced. In other words, it is ripe for disruption. Technology stands still for no one. But could nature provide carbon fibre's replacement? So argues Gary Young, a renowned manufacturer of surfboards who has spent his life pioneering alternative materials use for that industry. 'With the right approach, bamboo can be used in many applications in the automotive world where its performance qualities can better carbon fibre's,' Young says. 'Plus, it does not have a negative effect on the environment.''"

44 of 198 comments (clear)

  1. bamboo car by Xicor · · Score: 5, Interesting

    i can see it now. cars made out of bamboo instead of plastic and metal. http://www.cartell.ie/car_chec...

    1. Re:bamboo car by AK+Marc · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Balsa wood was used in the Corvette. Wood it nature's original composite.

    2. Re:bamboo car by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 2

      This has been done before.

    3. Re:bamboo car by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 5, Funny

      The Indian truck manufactuer Tata has been using wood as a construction material for quite some time now.

      Other materials used include chewing gum, rubber bands, old newspapers, and spit.

    4. Re:bamboo car by rolfwind · · Score: 2

      What about splinters? I can imagine those are nasty in a crash, so how is that minimized?

    5. Re:bamboo car by necro81 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      But makers shy away from nature's composite because it has a stigma

      It can be hard to guarantee the homogeneity and consistency in wood that auto manufacturers are used to having in their raw materials. A manufacturer can specify and source sheet steel for a car body, and be reasonably confident that the material properties will vary by, at most, 5% from lot to lot. Wood is much more highly variable, meaning that you need to build a larger margin of safety into the design.

      I'm not saying this prevents wood and other natural materials from being used in automobiles, it just requires different design and manufacturing processes.

    6. Re:bamboo car by GameboyRMH · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's not just "a stigma," there are many real problems with using wood in cars. It needs coatings to prevent it from absorbing water and rotting, which it will still happily do as soon as that coating is breached. It's an equal-opportunity absorber which will pick up other smelly and flammable chemicals from the car just as well - when using woods and fabrics you always have to be careful to avoid setting up something that could become a torch waiting for an ignition source. On that topic, without special treatments it will burn quite nicely. Without other treatments- or again if the treatment is compromised, it will biodegrade at a speed which will become a problem within the lifetime of the car. And finally as a material there is almost nowhere you could use wood where a metal, plastic or modern composite wouldn't do a much better job.

      So remind me again why the hell you'd want to use this stuff in a car? Even when I see racers building underbody aero parts from wood it makes me cringe...

      --
      "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
    7. Re:bamboo car by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 2

      It's not just "a stigma," there are many real problems with using wood in cars. It needs coatings to prevent it from absorbing water and rotting, which it will still happily do as soon as that coating is breached. It's an equal-opportunity absorber which will pick up other smelly and flammable chemicals from the car just as well - when using woods and fabrics you always have to be careful to avoid setting up something that could become a torch waiting for an ignition source. On that topic, without special treatments it will burn quite nicely. Without other treatments- or again if the treatment is compromised, it will biodegrade at a speed which will become a problem within the lifetime of the car. And finally as a material there is almost nowhere you could use wood where a metal, plastic or modern composite wouldn't do a much better job.

      So remind me again why the hell you'd want to use this stuff in a car? Even when I see racers building underbody aero parts from wood it makes me cringe...

      I disagree. Composite wood and epoxy layers have been used extremely successfully in professional racing speed boats for decades.Carbon fiber may have surpassed it's use( not that I know for sure as I haven't payed attention for so time). Extremely thin layers of wood were used in alternated grain directions sandwiched with epoxy in the West System since the early 1970's. It was thinner, lighter and stronger than fiberglass at that time. These were paper thing layers and the epoxy resins pretty much saturated the wood. If it was understood well enough to keep the water from rotting a speed boat, then it should be rather simple in a car.

    8. Re:bamboo car by AK+Marc · · Score: 2

      With all the problems, it's surprising wood is still the main building material for the load bearing parts of houses. The floors, the wall supports, and the roof support, almost always wood for residential construction.

    9. Re:bamboo car by TheRaven64 · · Score: 2

      That's because car manufacturers design their cars to meet the standards where they expect to sell them. For a country that has cars as such a strong part of its national identity, the state of most US cars is astonishing. The improvements in production line reliability mean that they can make cars that are above the standards required for sale in the USA, but only by a small margin. They no longer need to add large tolerances to the design stage to make sure that all of the vehicles coming of the production line meet the standards. The flip side of this is that, although all of them are above the required standards, they are only just above, by the smallest margin that the factory can manage (any more and it costs more). If you test them to higher standards, you'd expect them to fail.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
  2. Negative Effects... by IonOtter · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Well, that depends on a few things?

    1. What you plant.
    2. Where you plant it.
    3. Who your neighbors are, and your current relationship with them.

    Plant the wrong kind, or plant it without a 3' deep root barrier, and you will quickly have a neighborhood war on your hands. Expand this to commercial levels of production, and you could make a lot of people very angry with you.

    One thing is certain, though? Once you plant it, it is THERE for 15 years, at the very least. And you'll be exceptionally busy for every bit of those 15 years.

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    [End Of Line]
    1. Re:Negative Effects... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Bamboo, the spreading kind like yellow groove, starts to spread three years after planting. It never stops! Bamboo is a long lived plant, around 99 years. We have cut all our culms (stalks) and now the plant has reverted to a grass-like growth habit. But, no doubt, if it is not constantly mowed, it will revert to its normal habits, reaching up to 35 feet in height. Underground, about five inches, it is one interconnected mass. It spreads via rhizomes about five feet a year or more, in all directions. My advice is to plant the clumping types, far easier to manage. It is a beautiful plant.

    2. Re:Negative Effects... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "Just cut a piece of jungle and plant it there" is an example of how to create an environmental disaster.

      Many types of bamboo are incredibly resilient and incredibly invasive. Start planting it in very fertile soil - such as, say, a jungle - and in a couple of decades, there'll be a mile or so radius around your plantation where the native undergrowth has been pretty much completely supplanted by bamboo. In a couple of generations, the whole ecosystem will be FUBAR.

      Cultivate it properly, put in a solid (and expensive) root barrier. Oh, and if anyone lives nearby, do something about the frickin' mosquitoes. Otherwise, you're an environmental freeloader who deserves to be roundly beaten with a bunch of your own product.

    3. Re:Negative Effects... by doti · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That looks sensationalist. Why then earth is not covered with bamboo?

      It think it depends on the species of bamboo, and the species they're competing against.

      I frequently visit a place with tropical forest near Rio since 1992, and there are some bamboo here and there, some of different species, and they stay pretty much the same size. They will only spread around if you make room for it by cutting nearby trees.

      There is a smaller species that do spread around quickly, but still can't penetrate the established forest.

      --
      factor 966971: 966971
  3. or... by slashmydots · · Score: 2

    Or just keep using completely safe fiberglass as a not so strong but almost as light alternative like they have been for years in race cars. In fact, you know what's usually around the carbon fiber layers in cars? Fiberglass or at least the same epoxy that they use to make it.

    1. Re:or... by bugs2squash · · Score: 5, Informative

      Per wikipedia Ultimate Tensile Strength of S-glass is 4710MPa and UTS of Carbon fiber is 4137. I know that density is often mixed into the equation for strength, but even so... The biggest thing Carbon has going for it is its stiffness.

      --
      Nullius in verba
    2. Re:or... by wagnerrp · · Score: 2

      Just as S-glass and E-glass have different properties, you can get all sorts of different behavior out of carbon fiber, based off the polymer precursor and cooking process. The ultimate strengths of some forms of carbon fiber are well over 6GPa.

    3. Re:or... by smart_ass · · Score: 3, Informative

      Lets not forget directional strength based on the weaves used. This has ALWAYS been and still is a distinguishing factor between (long) fiber based composites and their homogeneous counterparts.

      A good designer can take this into account to a make a part that is stronger, cheaper and lighter.

      A poor designer can add "Carbon Fiber Roof" to the list of specifications and increase the price.

      --
      Ouch ... did I just say that.
  4. Bamboo Bicycle by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Bamboo is already making its way into bicycle frame design.
    http://calfeedesign.com/products/bamboo/

    1. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 2

      I've seen bamboo used in China for scaffolding in the construction of steel and concrete buildings 20+ storeys tall.

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    2. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by WaywardGeek · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I used it for some awesomely light bow limbs for their energy storage.

      --
      Celebrate failure, and then learn from it - Nolan Bushnell
    3. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Informative

      I've seen bamboo used in China for scaffolding in the construction of steel and concrete buildings 20+ storeys tall.

      Bamboo is safer than steel for scaffolding. It you fall into a bamboo scaffold, it will flex, absorbing much of the impact energy. When steel scaffolding was first used in China, there were several fatalities that would not have happened with bamboo. So the construction workers refused to return to work until the steel was taken down and replaced with bamboo.

    4. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by WaywardGeek · · Score: 2

      True, and they are far superior in terms of making the best use of the bamboo fibers. For example, they can steam flatten the crown so that the fibers on the outermost part of the crown (which are far denser than in the interior) are not over-stressed, and the load can be shared by more of the outer fibers. I didn't do that, and the efficiency of my bow is far less than is possible with such technology. However, even the yumi bows fail to make use of beneficial lamination stresses. I got higher energy density per unit limb mass than even yumi bows, though mine still isn't nearly as good of a bow, not by a mile. I just like the physics :-)

      --
      Celebrate failure, and then learn from it - Nolan Bushnell
    5. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 2

      According to HK accident statistics, the real probability of a fatal fall from a bamboo scaffold is close to double that of metal scaffolds.

      A Google search brings up nothing that backs up this assertion. This article says that only 3 of 24 annual fatal construction accidents in Hong Kong involved a fall from bamboo scaffolding. Can you provide a link to these "HK accident statistics"?

    6. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by ozmanjusri · · Score: 2

      Can you provide a link to these "HK accident statistics"?

      I remembered the statistic from presentation at a trade conference, and don't have a direct reference.

      Googling "fatal fall from a bamboo scaffold" brings up the most relevant links, and FANG1 titled link closest to my memory of the presentation,

      --
      "I've got more toys than Teruhisa Kitahara."
    7. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by smart_ass · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Having seen the bamboo scaffolding in both Hong Kong and China first-hand, the bigger issue (from my point of view) is not the energy absorption, but rather the assembly / erection. Unlike steel scaffolding the has a defined assembly, bamboo tends to be assembled by lashing together the various bits with inconsistent amounts of rope, twine or those plastic packing strips.

      The problem here is that you are at the mercy (moreso) of he who assembled the scaffolding. If they were cheap or in a hurry things may fall apart. I was in Hong Kong during a severe wind storm around 5 years ago. It was bad enough that on the news they were advising ALL residents of all of Hong Kong to stay inside unless urgent.

      Several sets of scaffolding fell down during that storm.

      --
      Ouch ... did I just say that.
    8. Re:Bamboo Bicycle by infolation · · Score: 2

      Have you been to Hong Kong?

      The accidents that occur on bamboo scaffold in HK are nothing to do with its inherent safety.

      Almost all scaffold in HK is bamboo, even up to 40 storeys. And the HK scaffolders who put it up are, to put it mildly, quite reckless. In fact, recklessness (fearlessness) is almost seen as a positive attribute by HK scaffolders.

      The steel scaffolds are usually put up by foreign building firms who use lanyards and other correct safety equipment and procedures.

  5. Recycleable? by craighansen · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Carbon fiber itself is just as recycleable as bamboo fiber. However bamboo, once combined with epoxy, it's just as unrecycleable and toxic as carbon fiber. I've got several ASUS bamboo laptops, where bamboo was used instead of plastic for a portion of the case. It was marketed as better for the environment, but to me it was just more esthetically pleasing than plastic. The bamboo components held up better than the hinges and the electronics.

    1. Re:Recycleable? by guises · · Score: 4, Informative

      Carbon fiber is made from fossil fuels, bamboo is a fairly efficient agricultural product. Recycling between them may be similar, I don't know about that, but that isn't the whole story.

    2. Re:Recycleable? by tsa · · Score: 2

      You can make carbon fiber from bamboo too.

      --

      -- Cheers!

    3. Re:Recycleable? by deathguppie · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Alright, I've been working in the materials industries for years, so I can see there is a lot of strange info here.

      • First off carbon fiber is what you have after you burn everything else off. Yup that's how it's made, and it's not so environmentally friendly
      • Second, carbon is the hardest substance known to man. mixing it in varied amounts with a strong yet flexible binder like epoxy allows a product to have the best of both worlds in varied amounts, as per design.
      • Third, bamboo depends on it's cell structure for stiffness, and while it may be very stiff, it is not nearly as strong as carbon fiber by weight, and cannot be (carbon is as stiff as it gets)
      • Fourth, once the bamboo is soaked in epoxy it is no longer environmentally friendly. It was up till that point but no longer
      • Fifth, bamboo can rot, carbon can't. Which means that products made of bamboo have a life span, after which they will need a home int the dirt somewhere. Not necessarily so for carbon fiber
      • Sixth, Carbon fiber used in a thermal set mold, using a blend of carbon, and nylon woven together instead of saturated with epoxy is one of the most durable products I have ever seen, and because it is a thermoplastic based binder, it could most likely be recycled.

      There are many ways to use composites, of every type. In some cases not having to replace the product may be more environmentally sound than making it out of something semi-biodegradable like bamboo and epoxy. I'm just saying, that there are ups and downs to everything. It takes years and much useage to define the criteria, for environmentally sound, with any product. Wasn't to long ago I remember ethonal and biodesel were going to save the planet, and now we realize it's really not much better after all.

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      once more into the breach
    4. Re:Recycleable? by hey! · · Score: 2

      And the epoxy used to bond the bamboo weave?

      Can in fact be made from plant sources (e.g. sugar -> sugar alcohol -> artificial resin). No doubt early versions of the process won't yield much, if any reduction in environmental impact, but at least in principle the process could be made sustainable.

      I wouldn't be surprised if plant based epoxies started in appearing soon in eco-chic products along with bamboo. I mean, hemp-and-bamboo composite -- among a certain crowd that would sell like hotcakes.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  6. Oh...I dunno... by Mashiki · · Score: 5, Funny

    Hey guys, guys?! Someone tell me, are cats the next thing in vermin control?

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    Om, nomnomnom...
  7. One word answer: by bmo · · Score: 5, Insightful

    No.

    Longer answer: No and it's not as eco-friendly as people would like you to believe.

    1. You need to farm it. Farms in general are never eco-friendly as they eliminate habitat.

    2. You still need to use epoxy to bond the strands together. This epoxy is nearly identical to the epoxy used in carbon fiber and fiberglass and is just as nasty.

    3. The claim that it would break down in landfills is bogus. Material decomposition in landfills is slow due to the anaerobic nature of landfills. Also, bamboo encased in epoxy isn't going to decompose like typical un-worked bamboo.

    And since bamboo is weaker than carbon fiber, but more expensive than fiberglass, I expect it to never take the place of either, except in decorative modes.

    Yes, I know, you can build a bamboo frame bicycle that performs well, but it's expensive and a novelty. When it's not done well....recoil in horror: http://www.instructables.com/i...

    Yeah, I'll take a steel frame, plox.

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    BMO

  8. Don't you mean... by reve_etrange · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I think they mean, the first carbon fiber. (Not really, but certainly prior to synthetic carbon fiber).

    --
    .: Semper Absurda :.
  9. Expect the unexpected by vux984 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    expect the unexpected unintended side effects.

    I'm always glad to see new developments in materials science, but one of the potential issues that jumped out at me when I see them looking at plant based materials for cars is whether it will be tasty.

    Not that I envision a horde of Panda's attacking our new bamboo cars, but insects and rodents might well. There was a change made to the plastic sheath in automotive wiring some years ago to use a soy based coating, for example, and it turns out mice liked to eat it; dramatically increasing rodent damage to vehicle wiring -- I seem to recall an article where at least one manufacturer combated the issue by adding 'spices' to the coating to make it less appetizing.

    No idea if that's a concern with bamboo; but its something to consider; along with any number of other things maybe nobody has thought about. Only way to find out is to try, right :)

  10. Re:Properties? by philip.paradis · · Score: 2

    PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND ME CHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO AND ITS UTILIZATION POTENTIAL FOR FIBERBOARD MANUFACTURING

    That was the first result of about 299,000 for the simple Google query "physical properties of bamboo." Have a nice day.

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    Write failed: Broken pipe
  11. Re:bamboo topic by ledow · · Score: 2

    Amen.

    In my previous house, bamboo was all over the back garden. You couldn't get rid of it. Every summer we'd cut it all down and burn it, and every winter it would come back. Sometimes even in the same summer. You could walk over the grass and suddenly impale yourself upon an 2-inch-tall bamboo shoot that was taking root - no kidding.

    It grew so fast that you had to get every bit or a few weeks later you'd have a stem that you need a hacksaw to cut through. And it could easily grow 6-8 feet tall and become a hazard.

    Pretty much ruined the tiny garden we had. The stuff is a pain, and that was just in the UK.

    Useful construction material, no doubt, but we've known that for thousands of years. The problem is that where it falls short is biodegradement, so you have to do unnatural things to it so that it won't biodegrade. And farming it properly is no mean feat if you care about the surrounding lands not becoming unofficial bamboo farms too.

    I'd happily build a house, or a tree house, or just about anything from it. But don't put one seed of it near my back garden, thanks.

  12. Hemp by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Henry Ford specified hemp fiber-based panels for his cars a hundred years ago, but a psychopathic government leveraged its corruption to benefit the tree pulp and synthetic fibers bosses, while claiming it was about social values.

    IIRC you'd need a blunt 4' long and 18" across to get a buzz from hemp, and you'd die from smoke inhalation first. It's a great cash crop for farmers, can grow in less fertile soil (while improving it), produces Omega-3 "on the vine" and is far more productive per-acre than trees. So, a clear economic threat to those friends of the powerful.

    It also makes fantastic long, strong fibers, once considered essential to national security.

    --
    My God, it's Full of Source!
    OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    1. Re:Hemp by dryeo · · Score: 4, Informative

      IIRC you'd need a blunt 4' long and 18" across to get a buzz from hemp, and you'd die from smoke inhalation first.

      All depends on the variety with modern hemp strains bred for low psycho-activity to make it more acceptable. That along with allowing the males to flourish and fertilize the females produces hemp that won't get you high.
      Hemp is a wonder plant, the fiber is very useful, the plast left over from extracting the fiber also has numerous uses including plastic like. The seeds have a high oil content, a very high grade oil useful for industrial uses, as well as for food containing all the essential oils and the seeds are one of the few sources of complete proteins, much like soybeans. Basically you could live a long time on nothing but hemp.
      Then there are the recreational and medicinal uses of the psycho-active strains.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
  13. Re:Have they already forgotten the Trabant? by GrahamCox · · Score: 2

    Wrong. The body was made from waste cotton fibre bonded with phenol resin. It's a great material - light, strong, reasonably eco-friendly, non-corrosive. It's not a million miles from carbon fibre or even what this article is talking about. The rest of the Trabant was a conventional spot-welded steel monocoque.

    It's lazy stereotyping to mock the Trabant without actually looking at how it was made. Sure, the design was dated and yes, the engines were terrible, but they were reliable and cheap, and actually a much more efficient car than most of the gas-guzzlers made in the west.

    My main gripe about the Trabant's build quality was the poor panel fit, but that's not an inherent drawback of the materials it was made from, just a side-effect of somewhat old-fashioned tooling.

  14. Bamboo Rayon socks are awesome by Wraithlyn · · Score: 5, Interesting

    My feet would always be cold and clammy after a day at work. Tried a bunch of different sock types... cotton, wool, Merino wool, synthetics, etc. Nothing helped.

    Then I tried Rayon from Bamboo socks (these guys), and my god what a difference. Feet are dry and warm all day. They're the only kind I wear now.

    --
    "Mind, as manifested by the capacity to make choices, is to some extent present in every electron." -Freeman Dyson
  15. Re:From the UK Readers by Aphadon · · Score: 2

    I find it incredibly ironic that the British Broadcasting Corporation website is blocking all British people from reading their news articles.

  16. Re:Clothing by MBGMorden · · Score: 2

    Sometimes you have to give it a try before you determine if it delivers a good enough value.

    Remember just because something isn't worth its price doesn't mean that the price is prohibitive.

    Example: a local place might start serving a $30 hamburger (and I'm sure some places do have burgers higher than that). $30 is a lot for a hamburger, but in and of itself it's not really that much money. I might be willing to try one and see how it is. Afterwards I might decide that it really wasn't worth the price. That doesn't mean that I could have known that before the purchase, or that I "shouldn't" have bought it.

    --
    "People who think they know everything are very annoying to those of us who do."-Mark Twain