Slashdot Mirror


Black Hat Researchers Actively Trying To Deanonymize Tor Users

An anonymous reader writes: Last week, we discussed news that a presentation had been canceled for the upcoming Black Hat security conference that involved the Tor Project. The researchers involved hadn't made much of an effort to disclose the vulnerability, and the Tor Project was scrambling to implement a fix. Now, the project says it's likely these researchers were actively attacking Tor users and trying to deanonymize them. "On July 4 2014 we found a group of relays that we assume were trying to deanonymize users. They appear to have been targeting people who operate or access Tor hidden services. The attack involved modifying Tor protocol headers to do traffic confirmation attacks. ...We know the attack looked for users who fetched hidden service descriptors, but the attackers likely were not able to see any application-level traffic (e.g. what pages were loaded or even whether users visited the hidden service they looked up). The attack probably also tried to learn who published hidden service descriptors, which would allow the attackers to learn the location of that hidden service." They also provide a technical description of the attack, and the steps they're taking to block such attacks in the future.

46 of 82 comments (clear)

  1. I'd like to believe weakness are temporary... by i+kan+reed · · Score: 4, Insightful

    But I have my doubts about about technological fixes to the jackboot/battering-ram/nightstick vulnerability.

    1. Re:I'd like to believe weakness are temporary... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The foundation of the internet is computers asking adjacent (as for as the network is concerned) computers to relay something to somewhere else. TOR is a well constructed obfuscation layer on top of that, but the low-level standards are very traceable. Without even going into TOR vulnerabilities or PEBCAK errors, a sufficiently determined opponent will be able to beat any obfuscation of intent by extensive analysis of addressing and timing of the encrypted packets.

    2. Re:I'd like to believe weakness are temporary... by LordLimecat · · Score: 1

      There is nothing in a packet's headers that will indicate what route it took to get somewhere, no matter what sort of analysis you apply to it. The only 3 clues you have are the TTL, the source MAC address, and the source IP address.

    3. Re:I'd like to believe weakness are temporary... by i+kan+reed · · Score: 1

      And the thing is, when you're the government of a country, you can bust down every door, pull the mac address, look at the routing table, and head to the next door to bust down. It goes even faster when every ISP is freely complicit(they are in the US, China, Russia, and anywhere else notably stompy).

    4. Re:I'd like to believe weakness are temporary... by cavreader · · Score: 1

      Didn't Russia just announce a bounty for anyone who could help them identify weaknesses and track TOR users? Maybe the presentation at the Black Hat conference was cancelled because the Russians pay more?

  2. Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by jellomizer · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I find it kinda funny that TOR is used by many Black Hats is being hacked by Them. TO expose who they are...

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    1. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by i+kan+reed · · Score: 2

      Tragedy of the commons. If you're the person who broke Tor, you're(temporarily) the king of blackhats. Who cares that it screws over all the other blackhats. They'd screw you over just as fast.

    2. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by ron_ivi · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Hard to tell who "them" is.

      It's being used by, and trying to be hacked by, many groups.

      University researchers, governments, MPAA/RIAA, computer security companies, etc.

      Seems the project should encourage as many people as possible attempting to hack it -- because that increases the odds that when people finds a hack, at least some of them will report the weakness back to the project.

      On the other hand, if the project discourages hacking attempts, only malicious groups will find the hacks.

    3. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Opportunist · · Score: 2

      Yeah: "Prison statistics: 4 out of 5 people like gang rape"

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    4. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by ganjadude · · Score: 1, Interesting

      *black hat* in this case simply means the NSA

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    5. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Electricity+Likes+Me · · Score: 1

      What's interesting about this post being modded interesting is the number of people who apparently read it and thought "yep, nothing wrong with that logic". Or have never thought seriously, and apparently have no idea, what "black hat" hacker means.

    6. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I think you're conflating terms here. Yes, a black hat hacker is someone who generally breaks into systems and otherwise acts outside of the scope of legality. However, Black Hat is a security conference held in Las Vegas on an annual basis, and while the atmosphere can be slightly different than DEFCON, it's...generally a similar convention. Black Hat Researchers referenced here, therefore, likely fall under that official umbrella, and thus likely would NOT necessarily fall under the general black hat group (or at least admit to it openly :-P). You can find plenty of videos from prior Black Hat conferences on youtube that'll likely help clarify that for ya. For a particularly entertaining video from a now legendary hacker (who unfortunately passed away last year), I'd suggest starting here.

    7. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by medv4380 · · Score: 1

      There is no honor among thieves.

    8. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by wile_e_wonka · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If Black Hats don't hack it then the NSA will. But the NSA will quietly keep the vulnerability(ies) to themselves and use them to collect data. Whereas a Black Hat looking to rely on TOR will be best off figuring out its weaknesses in order to make it more effective.

      In other words, people who rely on TOR would be completely stupid to not try to hack it to determine its vulnerabilities. The only odd thing about this isn't really odd at all when you think about these hackers are--they're exposing vulnerabilities in a particularly spectacular fashion.

    9. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Ralph+Wiggam · · Score: 1

      Evidence?

    10. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by ganjadude · · Score: 1

      if i had evidence i wouldnt be posting that comment from my work computer in the USA, but with everything going on with them do you doubt it?

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    11. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Ralph+Wiggam · · Score: 1

      Yes. I doubt everything that I don't have evidence of.

    12. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by LordLimecat · · Score: 1

      So your rationale for accusing the NSA of something is "They do other bad stuff, clearly they do this as well?"

    13. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Ralph+Wiggam · · Score: 1

      Given Saddam Hussein's long history with chemical weapons, was it reasonable to assume he had an active chemical weapons program in 2002?

    14. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by ganjadude · · Score: 1

      Damn near every country in the world though t so at the time, and there are still good arguments that they were sshipped to syria so yes...that was a good assumption... should we have gone to war over that hell no

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    15. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by oursland · · Score: 1

      The NSA isn't the only boogieman here, so don't call only them out. There's a lot of value to cracking Tor open, and it would be wise to quickly identify and resolve the weaknesses.

    16. Re:Black Hats shoot themselves in the foot. by Ambvai · · Score: 1

      It's a bit like the endgame for the game Uplink-- if you go blackhat, you end up in a race to destroy the internet. If you succeed, the only thing that happens is that you get a 'connection terminated' notice.

  3. Changes to the protocol? by brokenin2 · · Score: 1

    I wonder how feasible it would be to modify tor, or maybe make a tor version 2 protocol so that the onion layers are determined packet by packet, instead of by the stream.

    I'm not all that knowledgeable when it comes to the tor protocol, but it sounds like each stream is bounced off a series of relays.. If you could change that to each packet, or split the stream into a few other streams that took different routes (and let the stream get reassembled from packets from multiple streams at the destination), then it seems like you could make this sort of attack a lot harder..

    I'm not sure about people trying to discover the location of the tor hidden service, but it seems like it would help protect the client -> server integrity quite a bit..

    1. Re:Changes to the protocol? by ArcadeMan · · Score: 3, Funny

      If we're talking about onion layers, please call it "Ogre" instead of "Tor 2".

    2. Re:Changes to the protocol? by i+kan+reed · · Score: 1

      I wonder how feasible it would be to modify tor, or maybe make a tor version 2 protocol so that the onion layers are determined packet by packet, instead of by the stream.

      I think that might fall apart at the exit node, since expecting the server to receive response packets from 2 different IPs isn't TCP/IP compliant. You could certainly build sites that work with that expectation, but it would essentially require all layers to be designed to support TOR.

    3. Re:Changes to the protocol? by Electricity+Likes+Me · · Score: 1

      Tor is designed to be low-latency. Such complicated routing would definitely make a large latency tradeoff, since you'd have several routes, all of different latencies, which would mean the packets would arrive out of order and you'd need to delay to determine if you'd actually received a complete set before reconstructing an in-order stream to the final destination.

    4. Re:Changes to the protocol? by The+MAZZTer · · Score: 1

      The packets would still have to use the same exit node, since the final hop to the destination has to use the original TCP (one source, one destination) so it likely wouldn't add too much. The packets are already encrypted, so the intermediate nodes can't see what you're doing in any case, so I don't think there's an added benefit to doing that. Might just slow things down since the packets have to be assembled at the end anyway. Of course Tor hidden services don't take that last unencrypted hop, but it still uses the same hidden node as a destination.

  4. Yeah, Roo-see-uh by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2

    Fascinating. If they can detect suspicious fraud nodes, TOR could build into their project a blacklist support that they publish and honor in their code. Then it becomes a whack-a-mole issue, which is better han the current situation.

    Ummm...what with Russia trying to de-anonymize TOR and all. Bad Rooskies.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    1. Re:Yeah, Roo-see-uh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Tor *does* have blacklist support: https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/ReportingBadRelays

  5. Can we get a hyphen? by damn_registrars · · Score: 5, Funny
    The first time I saw the headline I thought it said

    Black Hat Researchers Actively Trying to Demonize Tor Users

    Then I thought it was perhaps

    Black Hat Researchers Actively Trying to Deamonize Tor Users

    Before I figured out they meant

    De-anonymize

    --
    Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
    1. Re:Can we get a hyphen? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I think they meant Dean-omize. Turn Tor users into Deans of well respected Universities/Colleges, probably to help increase the adoptomization and respectomization of Tor.

    2. Re:Can we get a hyphen? by damn_registrars · · Score: 1

      I think they meant Dean-omize. Turn Tor users into Deans of well respected Universities/Colleges, probably to help increase the adoptomization and respectomization of Tor.

      If instead you meant Dean-omize as in "turn them into Howard Dean", then in this crowd that would have the exact same effect as demonization.

      --
      Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
    3. Re:Can we get a hyphen? by idontgno · · Score: 1

      I was actually hoping that we'd be turned into Dean Martin. Even if he's long dead, he's cooler than the entire TOR user community and node operator community combined.

      --
      Welcome to the Panopticon. Used to be a prison, now it's your home.
    4. Re:Can we get a hyphen? by Bing+Tsher+E · · Score: 1

      I was thinking Jimmy Dean's Pork Sausage. I mean, why not something meaningfully tasty?

  6. 3 relay path by NotInHere · · Score: 1

    apparently 3 proxies aren't enough, should rather be 7 :-)

  7. Re:Oh really ? by Qzukk · · Score: 3, Insightful

    And sure as hell it is impossible to develop a mixnet that will generate Camouflage traffic

    It would have to generate traffic in equal amounts for every flow, which would halve network speed to give an attacker a 50/50 chance of guessing the correct flow. Those fake flows would also have to be carried to something that looks like a reasonable endpoint as well.

    PRISM-level metadata collection makes it trivial to see which computer sent the original 682-byte request (recurse as necessary until the 800 byte request starts at the "sender") as well as which computer the multi-megabyte response was sent to (recurse as necessary until the multi megabyte response returns to the requesting computer). Camouflage traffic can't fix this on its own, it's easy to exclude the data that wasn't requested from the analysis.

    I think that Tor's best bet while maintaining performance at this point would be to round all packets up to the nearest MTU (lets say 1400 to account for PPPoE, VPNs, and other layers on ethernet), so every request and response becomes a multiple of 1400 bytes, would make most tracking rely on packet timing. The next step would be to introduce packet delays at each hop, but that will slow the already slow network down.

    --
    If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
  8. Duh by Charliemopps · · Score: 1

    It's because Russia's offering $$$ for a TOR hack...
    http://www.themoscowtimes.com/...

    on the bright side, TOR will be better in the end because of it.

    1. Re:Duh by RLiegh · · Score: 1

      on the bright side, TOR will be better in the end because of it.

      [citation seriously needed]

    2. Re:Duh by RLiegh · · Score: 1

      http://lmgtfy.com/?q=tor+russi...

      Which does NOT address how the TOR network will magically become somehow better because of being attacked not one bit at all.

  9. This is a good thing! by Anonymice · · Score: 1

    I see many naysayers & detractors here querying why black-hats would want to break the very services they rely on, but surely that's exactly what they should be doing?

    If you want to rely on a service for your own security, it's in your best interests to find all the weaknesses - especially with open source projects, which rely on the community to find & fix faults.

  10. Re:Oh really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I don't think you can imagine a proper Camouflage scheme at this point. I do think I can. And yes, it would thwart correlation attacks. It might induce some delays for (say) ssh-over-TOR sessions which transmit very small packages. Camouflage would of course mandate a single package size histogram over a certain time frame. Many small payload packages would be stuffed in a single transport package, which means delay. Lots of dummy octets would be transmitted in the course of a browsing session. Bandwidth would be wasted. So what ? Save the bw for kitten videos ?

  11. Re:Oh really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    You are focusing on packet length patterns, which is only part of the whole story. The TLAs also have the ability to impress transmission-rate patterns onto TOR traffic. There are some papers out there which demonstrated good results (from the TLA perspective) from that.

    So next-gen TOR needs to handle both the packet length problem and the transmission rate shaping problem.

    Finally, where did you get 3 modpoints from ?

  12. Re:Oh really ? by Qzukk · · Score: 2

    Since you're not sharing, I'm guessing you're imagining some sort of multiplexing scheme where the node would take say 100 bytes from 14 different sources and combine them into one packet and send that. It's an intriguing idea that would slow down metadata analysis but it would have a lot of overhead to keep track of, but that "keeping track of" becomes an attack vector again especially with subverted nodes, since node B will need to know that the next 8 packets from node A will have 100 bytes of data that need to be kept together and sent on to node C.

    If the network is busy it should actually not be bad for interactive small-packet connections. If the network is idle there could be a timer before the node fills unfilled slots with random data and sends it.

    --
    If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
  13. THIS IS NOT BLACK HAT RESEARCHERS by Khyber · · Score: 1

    "We spent several months trying to extract information from the researchers who were going to give the Black Hat talk, and eventually we did get some hints from them about how "relay early" cells could be used for traffic confirmation attacks, which is how we started looking for the attacks in the wild. They haven't answered our emails lately, so we don't know for sure, but it seems likely that the answer to Q1 is "yes"."

    Fucking slashdot, can't even be bothered to RTFA to check the headline. It's only suspected, not proven, that black hat researchers did this.

    --
    Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
  14. bitmessage by net28573 · · Score: 1

    I think the answer lies in figuring out how to increase throughput on bitmessage networks.

    --
    RIP TRICERATOPS, YOU NEVER EXISTED