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California DMV Told Google Cars Still Need Steering Wheels

cartechboy writes Google showed us what it feels is the car of the future. It drives itself, it doesn't have a gas or brake pedal, and there's no steering wheel. But that last one might be an issue. Back in May California's Department of Motor Vehicles published safety guidelines aimed at manufacturers of self-driving vehicles. After seeing Google's self-driving car vision, the California DMV has told the company it needs to add all those things back to their traditional locations so that occupants can take "immediate physical control" of the vehicle if necessary. Don't for a second think this is a major setback for Google, as the prototypes unveiled weren't even close to production ready. While the DMV may loosen some of these restrictions in the future as well all become more comfortable with the idea of self-driving vehicles, there's no question when it comes down to the safety of those on the road.

49 of 506 comments (clear)

  1. Not surprising by gurps_npc · · Score: 5, Interesting
    California is playing it safe. It will take a while for us to trust the software enough to remove the steering wheel.

    In fact, it would not surprise at all if the brake itself is NEVER removed. I can easily foresee a situation where these vehicles are used to transport unwilling people, or simply undergo a malfunction and the occupant will always want the ability to stop the device.

    But I can see the steering wheel and accelerator going away completely - don't want to let untrained people having the ability to make things worse.

    --
    excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    1. Re:Not surprising by TWX · · Score: 4, Interesting

      It's going to depend on who's allowed to use a self-driving car and under what conditions, and even so far as what seats are allowed to be occuppied.

      I can see a tiered system where licensed drivers with a normal operator's permit are allowed to always occupy the driver's seat in a vehicle with the capability of full control. I could see a special provision of license for those who once held normal operators' permits that voluntarily gave up those licenses (elderly, poor vision, etc) so that they could basically pull-over the vehicle in a crisis. There could also be a special class of license for learners' permit operator licenses that allow the person to occupy that seat. Everyone else will be required to occupy any-other-seat unless all seats are occupied, then there would have to be conditions to allow that seat to be occupied while the controls are disabled.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:Not surprising by jellomizer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I agree, having a manual break should be required as a bare minimum.
      Even if the software is perfect, if there is an unexpected power outage, you will need a manual break to stop the car that just may be aimlessly costing.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    3. Re:Not surprising by TWX · · Score: 4, Insightful

      As Toyota demonstrated to us, that manual break needs to be damn-near hardware-level too, or at least allow for an emergency override that interrupts the computer entirely if the main 'stop the car now' brake fails to work properly.

      It would be terrifying to be in a self-driving runaway car without any controls whatsoever.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    4. Re:Not surprising by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Depends on what you call "Safe"

      This is merely politically safe.

      Realistically, these things are going to be packed to the gills with dozens of sensors covering thousands of metrics and they will be logged every second. I'd be willing to bet that said data will show that the gross majority of accidents happen just after the driver takes control, and are a direct result of driver actions.

      What I don't get is why bother with a traditional seating arrangement once you no longer have to drive? Fuck being upright, cramped, and crammed in to the front of a car. I want to lounge back in comfort, read the news, catch up on email, etc.

    5. Re:Not surprising by rossdee · · Score: 5, Interesting

      "I agree, having a manual break should be required as a bare minimum."

      A manual brake would be even more useful, along with a kill switch for the engine.

    6. Re:Not surprising by pavon · · Score: 4, Insightful

      They may never be removed. Everyone is focused on the split-second decision scenario when talking about this issue, and on that I agree that humans will cause more problems than they solve. But there are many more situations where manual override is needed and beneficial. What happens when the car runs out of gas/charge and you need to push it to the side of the road out of traffic. Or the computer is malfunctioning somehow (software bug, squirrel chewed halfway through a wire, dead battery/alternator). Or when I need to move the car somewhere off-road that the AI refuses to recognize as a valid driving path. There are plenty of not so time critical scenarios where some sort of manual override is needed and those aren't going to go away even when we trust the software to do all the driving. Once we admit that they don't have to be intuitive for split-second reactions, then they don't have to retain the traditional layout, nor be designed for comfortable everyday use, but some sort of steering, brake control, and neutral gear select will always be needed.

    7. Re:Not surprising by Xoltri · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The cause of the Toyota problem was people hitting the accelerator instead of the brake. http://www.caranddriver.com/fe... So if you take away the accelerator pedal I think we're good to go.

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      -Xoltri
    8. Re:Not surprising by mrchaotica · · Score: 2

      I'd like to see self-driving cars have some kind of fail-safe mechanical brake (where power is required to hold the friction surfaces apart) and a big red button that cuts all power.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    9. Re:Not surprising by Wootery · · Score: 4, Informative

      Most "driverless car" situations involve a human with controls sitting on the other side of a radio signal connection...

      Uh... no, no they most certainly do not. Where are you getting this?

    10. Re:Not surprising by TWX · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, it wasn't, at least in all cases. There were definite computer control problems that led to the computer getting stuck in a mode where it had the throttle applied, and ignored the brake, shut-off, and gear-selector inputs because since logically the throttle was applied, those other inputs must be erroneous.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    11. Re:Not surprising by gnasher719 · · Score: 2

      What happens when the car runs out of gas/charge and you need to push it to the side of the road out of traffic.

      What about the car driving to the side of the road out of traffic with the last bit of kinetic energy available? People might be stupid enough to drive until the tank is absolutely empty and be stuck, a driverless car wouldn't. And then there are driverless Diesel cars which most definitely won't run until the tank is empty, because that kind of thing is _expensive_.

    12. Re:Not surprising by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Interesting

      It's going to depend on who's allowed to use a self-driving car and under what conditions, and even so far as what seats are allowed to be occuppied.

      Under California law, a licensed driver must be seated in the "driver's seat", and must be paying attention (no yacking on the cell phone). These requirements won't be permanent, but at least for the first few years of SDCs, that is how it will be. Once a safety record is established, and the pubic is more comfortable with the technology, the restrictions will be relaxed. In a decade or so, cars will likely be able to drive with no people on board, or even transport children with no adult in the car.

    13. Re:Not surprising by MatthewCCNA · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Then what's the point; I want to sleep!

      --
      "He is so stupid. And now back to the wall!" Moe Szyslak
    14. Re:Not surprising by squiggleslash · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I've been wondering that too.

      The point of driverless cars is supposed to be a way to get us to that utopian transportation vision where we can go anywhere automatically by telling our transportation device where we want to go. This has been "possible" for decades but for one problem: all proposed systems required new tracks/roads be built that were separated from the current road system. That's prohibitively expensive. So in walks Google, and a few others, and says "We have all this technology, let's create something that interoperates with existing traffic on existing roads."

      And they do some demos, and everyone thinks they've solved the problem.

      Only they haven't. Google's cars, for example, have to drive on a "virtual track". There are holes in the track. Some of them are holes in the map, others are temporary detours and or obstacles that means the cars are unable to navigate them because it doesn't have enough information. To make driverless cars "work" as well as they appear to do at all across the whole country, Google is going to have to keep a constant, updated by the minute, map of the entire US road system, not just the official roads, but the private roads, the position of every driveway, etc.

      So the DMV's comments aren't actually entirely out of order. Forget emergencies, you will have to take over every few hundred miles, assuming Google can update its databases to some decent compromise between up-to-the-second and "good enough", simply because the cars are going to have problems continuing.

      Me? I'd prefer we look at our transportation system again and ask if this is really what we want and need. And if we're going to continue legally mandating suburban development and banning urban development, perhaps we need to look into improving PRT technologies and making them work.

      --
      You are not alone. This is not normal. None of this is normal.
    15. Re:Not surprising by TWX · · Score: 4, Informative

      Even in a muscle car, the brakes are more powerful than the engine.

      That's complete and utter bullshit. I drive a '95 Impala. I can hold the brakes at a stop and floor the throttle, and cut the back tires loose. That car is completely bone-stock with factory-sized extra wide tires to give it as much traction as possible and I have enough power to overcome the hydraulic brakes at a dead stop. Hydraulic brakes don't have a chance if the car is actively under wide open throttle at speed, the brakes will heat up and effectively lose friction, causing them to fail.

      By contrast, the e-brake on a car is not hydraulic, it's a physical steel cable that pulls on the rear brake's shoes to pull them into physical contact with the drums, or in the case of rear-disc cars, to have special auxiliary shoes make contact with the central hub of the rear rotor. Those brakes are designed to hold the vehicle still when parked on a slope so that if the parking pawl doesn't seat properly in the output shaft of the transmission, the car doesn't immediately roll down the hill.

      As those e-brake cables are generally made of mild steel, they're prone to rust and fail, and it's very common to have to replace them in rustbelt climates. I've even seen them fail in desert, dry climates after enough years.

      Stop spreading this crap that's completely false. Brakes on cars only really work right when there are no other forces acting at the same time. Throttle on? Brake will be ineffective. Going downhill at a high rate of speed? Brake will be less effective. Being pushed? Brake will be ineffective.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    16. Re:Not surprising by chis101 · · Score: 4, Informative

      I remember reading through that analysis a few months back. It was showed that a single flipped bit could cause the unintended acceleration. What was not shown was how this bit could possibly be flipped. So, it is far from proven that it was a software error.

    17. Re:Not surprising by TWX · · Score: 2

      There was an early fuel injection system in about 1958 or so on some Mopars, manufactured by Bendix and adapted from an aircraft fuel injection design. It delivered more power and more efficient fuel delivery than carburetors ever could. Unfortunately too late, they realized that it was poorly shielded against EMI, and if an old prewar car with a Magneto pulled up next to it, the new fancy fuel-injected car would stumble and shut off.

      Cars are electrically incredibly dirty. Alternators generate electricity at continuously varying voltages and Hertz, and inexpensive voltage regulators are there to attempt to turn that garbage AC power into something usable in DC, which itself fluctuates in voltage up and down, sometimes bottoming out as low as 8V, and sometimes as high as 16V on a nominally 12V system. There are ignition coils storing up and discharging extremely high voltage to fire the spark plugs tens of thousands of times a minute through inexpensive and electrically-leaky spark plug wires, and there are magnetic systems like the air conditioning compressor clutch as well as weaker ones like the various position/timing sensors for the cam, crank, transmission output shaft or differential, etc.

      I can totally see how a particular bit on an automotive computer could be flipped.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    18. Re:Not surprising by weszz · · Score: 3, Interesting

      My whole concern is you sit there for say 2 months letting the car drive itself and you sit paying attention and all is good.

      Then you go on a 2-3 hour drive, maybe to the really boring Illinois highways (just drove north on them, and yea, straight and boring) so you nod off a little or pay less attention mainly because you can, and life has been good with no issues.

      How do you know to take sudden control of the car to save your life, or can you even possibly understand and react that fast?

      Is sitting facing forward now a more dangerous position? what if EVERYONE faces backwards in these for safety (granted some will get sick doing it), or maybe you could be better protected laying down?

    19. Re:Not surprising by geekoid · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "hen you go on a 2-3 hour drive, maybe to the really boring Illinois highways (just drove north on them, and yea, straight and boring) so you nod off a little or pay less attention mainly because you can,"
      That happens to people now.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    20. Re:Not surprising by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Insightful

      How do you know to take sudden control of the car to save your life, or can you even possibly understand and react that fast?

      It is best if you do NOT "take sudden control". In an emergency, the computer is going to have faster reaction times and is less likely to over compensate. In fact, I think that instead of requiring steering wheels and brakes, in a few years they will be banned from SDCs, as mounting evidence shows that most accidents occur when the human drivers "take control".

    21. Re:Not surprising by k3vlar · · Score: 3, Informative

      No. Google cars don't drive on a "virtual track".

      They reference map data for general route planning, and then defer to onboard cameras and other sensors which feed into image-recognition systems to drive in the same way as a human (by paying attention to the environment, and not blindly following GPS).

      These cars use cameras, lasers and radar to look for lines on the road (or other markings), road signs, cyclists, pedestrians, other vehicles, etc., and use this to build a live 3-dimensional map of the surrounding area. The software builds a stack of triggers, sorts them according to priority, and then reacts, by turning, braking or accelerating.

      Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

      --
      Unlike porn, which yada yada rimshot hey-ooh!
    22. Re:Not surprising by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 2

      like one way streets or bicycle only paths that the car decides to drive down incorrectly.

      Humans turn down one way streets all the time, but it is very unlikely that an SDC would make that mistake. They have a database of existing roads, and one way streets are designated as such. They are also programmed to recognize and OCR street signs, including "One Way" and "Bike Path". Unlike a human, a computer is not going to make a mistake because it is distracted or daydreaming.

    23. Re:Not surprising by mspohr · · Score: 4, Funny

      Some years ago I read an article about automatic control of airplanes which (somewhat facetiously) predicted that in the future airplanes would have one pilot and a dog. The dog's job would be to keep the pilot from touching the controls.
      Humans are very erratic. Machines are predictable.

      --
      I don't read your sig. Why are you reading mine?
  2. Of course by Meneth · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Have they not seen "I, Robot" (2004)? Of course you need a manual override.

  3. Backward-thinking by the DMV by brunes69 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Any car that allows the driver to take "immediate physical control" makes the roads unsafer for all. The safest roads will be when ALL cars are autonomous. Having humans in the mix will just ruin all the gains that autonomous cars provide. Can a human wirelessly communicate with a car 5 miles ahead to know of a road condition and adjust it's speed in tandem with all the other cars in between to mitigate any and all danger in advance? Can a human react in sub-millisecond time to avoid obstacles thrown in their way. No and no.

    1. Re:Backward-thinking by the DMV by TWX · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Autonomous cars need to prove that they're capable of being safer than operator-driven cars. Right now they haven't done so, and until there's data there will be a need for autonomous cars to be manually operatable.

      I expect to drive myself around for the next 30 years or more; I doubt self-driving cars in the price range that I can justify paying will come out any time soon.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:Backward-thinking by the DMV by jklovanc · · Score: 2

      The safest roads will be when ALL cars are autonomous.

      Agreed, but having only autonomous cars on the road will not happen for decades to come. First there will need to be a viable autonomous car which has not happened yet and may not for up to 20 years. Then there will need to be at least ten years of testing. Then all manual cars will need to age off the road which will not happen for decades as people will want to keep classic cars on the road. Notice that there are cars built in the 30's that are still on the road. So your utopia of all autonomous cars will not happen for many decades to come. Also, autonomous motorcycles are not even on the drawing board.

    3. Re:Backward-thinking by the DMV by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's even more extreme than that. Google's cars have driven a combined 700,000 miles with only two incidents. One involved a crash while under human control, and the other was the Google car being rear-ended while stopped at a light. That's a phenomenal record. Source

  4. Re:Horseless cars must accept horse harness by HornWumpus · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Early cars were required to have a harness attachment point. Which was actually sane at the time. So is this.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  5. Re:weakest link by HornWumpus · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Eventually is a nice word. You can be completely wrong today but adding that one word...

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  6. No Steering Wheel In Time by Jason+Levine · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I agree that an automated car will need a steering wheel in the immediate future. Once their track record has been proven and people are comfortable with them, however, cars will gradually lose manual controls. We'll likely be telling our grandkids with stories of hundreds of non-automated cars screaming down the highway piloted by fallible humans. Of course, they'll just roll their eyes at us, make an "uphill both ways in the snow" comment, and tell their RobotCar to take them to the mall.

    --
    My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
  7. Re:Flight controls instead? by TWX · · Score: 2

    Chrysler experimented with a stick-approach in the sixties, it really didn't work very well. The steering wheel that is capable of multiple revolutions allows for fine-grain control over steering, same goes for long-pedal-travel analog brakes and throttle position.

    Think back to playing with cheap radio-controlled cars, it was difficult to navigate tight courses because the cars couldn't steer accurately enough, and if they were really cheaply made and open-wheel types, breaking a control arm at a front wheel was a real possibility.

    --
    Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
  8. Star Trek by Barlo_Mung_42 · · Score: 4, Funny

    If there's one lesson I learned from Star Trek it's that you always, ALWAYS, include a manual override.

    1. Re:Star Trek by Chelloveck · · Score: 2

      It's such a shame that humanity lost both electrical fuse and seatbelt technologies sometime between the 21st and 23rd centuries.

      --
      Chelloveck
      I give up on debugging. From now on, SIGSEGV is a feature.
  9. Never gonna work ... by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

    California DMV has told the company it needs to add all those things back to their traditional locations so that occupants can take "immediate physical control" of the vehicle if necessary

    The transition time from the computer giving up to the user having to take control is always going to mean this is impossible.

    If you're reading the newspaper, you are not going to be able to transition to operating the vehicle in the event the computer gives up and says it's all up to you.

    I've been saying for a while, that a driverless car needs to be 100% hands off for the people in the car, or serves no value at all other than as a gimmick.

    I will believe driverless cars are ready for prime time when I can stumble out of a pub, crawl into the back seat and tell the car to take me home. Anything less than that is a giant failure of automation waiting to happen, and a convenient way of dodging liability by pretending that users are expected to be in control of the car even while the AI is driving.

    As long as there is a pretense of handing back to the driver in even of an emergency, this is a glorified cruise control, and I'll bloody well drive myself.

    If I'm ultimately responsible for the vehicle, I'll stay in control of the vehicle. Because if there's a 10 second lag between when the computer throws up its hands and says "I have no idea" and when the user is actually aware enough and in control, that is the window where Really Bad Things will happen.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    1. Re:Never gonna work ... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

      Again, your issues become "what are these unknown complicated conditions and how can we know them in advance or that the default solution will work?", "who holds liability?", and "do you realistically expect to hand off control to a human who isn't paying attention and have that work out?"

      If the answer to any of these questions is "don't know, but how hard could it be?", or "that's for the courts to decide", or "what could possibly go wrong?" ... well, the in my opinion, your fancy driverless cars aren't ready for prime time and are just gimmicks.

      See, if a human is operating a motor vehicle and gets themselves into deep doo doo .. they are ultimately responsible for their actions.

      Google isn't going to take on your liability, and if there's the fallback of "OK, your turn now" ... this really just means that you're still liable for the vehicle, even if you couldn't possibly have taken control in time.

      I can make up plenty of wacky scenarios which may or may not ever happen, and it probably wouldn't be an exhaustive list of things which could happen -- but I'm not putting my life in the hands of some autonomous car to find out how it would respond in every possible situation. And I'm certainly not taking any liability for Google or any other vendor of these things.

      If your software is driving, you are the ones responsible for loss of life or anything else. I'm only going to be in it if I'm just a passenger. If I'm in legally control of the vehicle, then I'll bloody well drive it.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  10. why? by troll+-1 · · Score: 2

    Is this requirement based on science or an irrational fear of computers?

  11. Re:Flight controls instead? by istartedi · · Score: 2

    Ejection seat, LOL.

    --
    For all intensive purposes, "whom" is no longer a word. That begs the question, "who cares"?
  12. Move a broken down vehicle? by HockeyPuck · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If a driverless car has no manual means of steering, and if it broke down and you had to push it, how could you control it?

  13. In 1919 a cross country drive was dangerous ... by perpenso · · Score: 2

    So that real horses can take "immediate physical traction" of the vehicle if necessary.

    You have no idea how punishing the roads were in the early days of the automobile, how often cars broke down or became hopelessly mired in mud or snow. In rural states, the horse was still in the towing business as late as 1940.

    In 1919 Lt Col Eisenhower, yes the later Supreme Allied Commander of WW2 and the 1950s President of the US, led a convoy of 24 vehicles from the east coast to the west coast. 9 vehicles were lost, 21 men were injured and unable to continue.

  14. Short term by ZombieBraintrust · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That is very short term thinking. 15 years after driverless cars are released your going to have a whole generation of people who never learned to drive a car. People who get the license and then forget everything because they haven't touched the wheel in 10 years. There is not going to be anyone quilified to drive a car. You will just have millions of amatuers with a skill level of a 16 year old.

    1. Re:Short term by TWX · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Self-driving cars will be luxury items to start with. Not only won't they be in the price range of your financially-strapped new-driver, they won't even be in the price range of most consumers. New drivers will end up with used cars. I expect that it'll be 30+ years before self-driving cars are even close to half of cars on the road, if not longer, as a lot of people won't give up the ability to self-drive, won't want to replace a self-driving car with an autonomus-only car, or can't afford the extra cost of such a car.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:Short term by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That is very short term thinking. 15 years after driverless cars are released your going to have a whole generation of people who never learned to drive a car. People who get the license and then forget everything because they haven't touched the wheel in 10 years. There is not going to be anyone quilified to drive a car. You will just have millions of amatuers with a skill level of a 16 year old.

      So somehow everyone who was alive before they hit the market is either going to forget how to drive or suddenly die by this 15 year mark that you're chosen? You think with the popularity of programs like Top Gear that there won't be millions around who still prefer to drive their own cars?

    3. Re:Short term by CanHasDIY · · Score: 3, Funny

      That is very short term thinking. 15 years after driverless cars are released your going to have a whole generation of people who never learned to drive a car. People who get the license and then forget everything because they haven't touched the wheel in 10 years. There is not going to be anyone quilified to drive a car. You will just have millions of amatuers with a skill level of a 16 year old.

      The futurist in me envisions this occurring about 5 years after the bloodless, peaceful transition to an economy where robots do all the work.

      The futurist in me is an exceedingly sardonic asshole, if you haven't picked that up already.

      --
      An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
    4. Re:Short term by Harlequin80 · · Score: 2

      I know you said in some places but it really does depend on where you live and the attitude of your parents.

      Where I am every kid wants a car or a motorbike as soon as they can. The reason is public transport sucks and the blocks are too large to make walking a viable option.

      If I lived somewhere where a car wasn't necessary I would still be pushing my kids HARD to get their license asap. It's the same reason I keep $100 in my wallet even though I always pay with card. You never know when you need it.

  15. How does it handle the unexpected? by wcrowe · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I like the idea of a self-driving car, but I still don't understand how the self-driving car finds a parking space, or gets eased into place in the garage for maintenance. How does it find it's way around an unexpected hazard, like a downed limb, or washed-out area of the road? How does the self-driving car know that the road is flooded or otherwise undriveable? How does it know that the power is out at an intersection that normally has traffic lights?

    --
    Proverbs 21:19
  16. As usual, the wrong question by taustin · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That Google thinks their self driving cars are ready for the open road isn't the issue. The issue is that they think they are ready to go straight from traditional cars to cars with no ability for the human passenger to take control if the new, unproven technology fails. That, by itself, convinces me that Google's judgment is flawed, and cannot be trusted. Were I making this decision, I wouldn't let Google's cars on public roads at all until they show some evidence that they understand why this is a bad idea.

  17. Well duh by DrXym · · Score: 2

    Anyone who thinks self driving cars are likely to be capable of driving on open roads in all circumstances by themselves in the forseeable future is living in cloud cuckoo land. There MUST be a conscious, unimpaired human being able to take over when the need arises because the need will arise.