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NASA's HI-SEAS Project Results Suggests a Women-Only Mars Crew

globaljustin writes "Alan Drysdale, a systems analyst in advanced life support and a contractor with NASA concluded, "Small women haven't been demonstrated to be appreciably dumber than big women or big men, so there's no reason to choose larger people for a flight crew when it's brain power you want," says Drysdale. "The logical thing to do is to fly small women." Kate Greene, who wrote the linked article, took part in the first HI-SEAS experiment in Martian-style living, and has some compelling reasons for an all-women crew, energy efficiency chief among them: Week in and week out, the three female crew members expended less than half the calories of the three male crew members. Less than half! We were all exercising roughly the same amount—at least 45 minutes a day for five consecutive days a week—but our metabolic furnaces were calibrated in radically different ways. During one week, the most metabolically active male burned an average of 3,450 calories per day, while the least metabolically active female expended 1,475 calories per day. It was rare for a woman on crew to burn 2,000 calories in a day and common for male crew members to exceed 3,000. ... The calorie requirements of an astronaut matter significantly when planning a mission. The more food a person needs to maintain her weight on a long space journey, the more food should launch with her. The more food launched, the heavier the payload. The heavier the payload, the more fuel required to blast it into orbit and beyond. The more fuel required, the heavier the rocket becomes, which it in turn requires more fuel to launch.

61 of 399 comments (clear)

  1. Dear Liza! by Scottingham · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The end of that post was totally unnecessary. Did we really need our hands held to make that connection between amount of food required and the weight/cost of a launch?

    1. Re:Dear Liza! by Maxo-Texas · · Score: 3, Funny

      Sadly, yes.

      Because if it hadn't been there, sure as shit, someone would have bitched about a statement like that being missing.

      People nitpick the submissions and never complement the good ones.

      --
      She was like chocolate when she drank... semi-sweet at first and then increasingly bitter.
    2. Re:Dear Liza! by tanderson92 · · Score: 3, Informative

      People nitpick the submissions and never complement the good ones.

      Speaking of nitpicking, it is "compliment". If we were "complementing" the good ones, we would be adding to the submissions rather than merely commenting on their inadequacies.

    3. Re:Dear Liza! by CaptainDork · · Score: 5, Funny

      I'm indifferential to them.

      --
      It little behooves the best of us to comment on the rest of us.
    4. Re:Dear Liza! by Maxo-Texas · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I would care more if slashdot let us edit our posts.

      All this hassle over beta and we can't even edit our posts for short period after posting them to fix them.

      --
      She was like chocolate when she drank... semi-sweet at first and then increasingly bitter.
  2. Compelling, but a mix still better... by SuperKendall · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That is a pretty compelling reason to have most of the crew women.

    However I'd argue in a truly remote environment where no external help is to be had, that the raw strength a few very fit males could provide could be useful in an emergency.

    Some women can also be very strong, but then would there be any metabolism benefit?

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    1. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by MouseR · · Score: 2

      Enters Robonaut.

    2. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 5, Funny

      Nah, just send one guy. He can do all the heavy lifting; plus he'll be the happiest guy in the solar system.

      --
      #DeleteChrome
    3. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by BarbaraHudson · · Score: 4, Insightful

      However I'd argue in a truly remote environment where no external help is to be had, that the raw strength a few very fit males could provide could be useful in an emergency.

      Power tools. Everything from screwdrivers to come-alongs to chain blocks to robotic arms.

      And of course the added benefit of not having crews making babies at the worst possible time. On a one-way mission (say to Mars) there's no reason the all-female crew couldn't just bring along frozen sperm and produce the first generation of Martians.

      --
      "Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
    4. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Send amputees missing their legs. Legs are dead weight in space. You can maneuver in zero G with just your arms.

    5. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by rmdingler · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Another reason to favor the female of a species for an extended space mission involving possible settlement(s) is the total waste of resources to ship a living male for reproductive purposes.

      Literally millions of diverse fathers can be shipped in much smaller containers requiring minimal upkeep.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    6. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by Rei · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Despite how radical that statement sounds, it's actually perfectly reasonable for a zero-G environment. They're not only dead weight, they're also in the way and make you require larger accomodations.

      Even in Mars's gravity field a legless person would deal quite well, at least inside the facility (picture how easily you could get around without your legs if you suddenly were given 2.5x the arm strength, didn't have your legs weighing you down, and on top of that add in how most double amputees already have good arm strength to begin with). They should be able to "hop" with their arms all the way to a 2 1/2 meter ceiling without trouble, and the full arc would take a good two seconds to come back down. On the moon it'd be even easier. Of course, if they're legless, why would they even need such tall ceilings to begin with?

      --
      Next to my desk we have an Ire Extinguisher. Our boss is really assertive, so we like the idea of having it.
    7. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by SuperKendall · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What are possible situations that a manned mission to Mars would need strength?

      Infinite given you'd be in a delicate habitat on Mars with no idea what to expect.

      --
      "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    8. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by Dynedain · · Score: 2

      This was a big plot point in a scifi novel I read years ago. A group of people willingly underwent amputation to reduce the mass of legs, allowing them to add more people to their launch crew.

      If I remember correctly, there is a staged automobile accident, causing the main character to lose his legs (not knowing it was intentional) resolving the problem of being separated from the love interest who would be on the shuttle.

      This is really going to bother me until I can remember what novel it was.

      --
      I'm out of my mind right now, but feel free to leave a message.....
    9. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by denzacar · · Score: 2

      Hello! It's a mission to Mars.

      --
      Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
    10. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by lgw · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Or, put differently, a diversity of skills and abilities is what you want to deal with the unknown. NASA knows this, of course. But it's not just a variety of PhDs that you want, it's a variety of physical capacities and problem-solving approaches.

      Historically, NASA has expected any improvisation to happen on the ground, where teams could experiment and relay the best, tested idea back to the guy in space. That becomes less practical the further you get form Earth. Diversity beyond "diversity of PhDs" will be valuable.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    11. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by edxwelch · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Better yet, how about sending dead people?
      Dead people eat even less food than women and let's face it they're going to end up dead anyway, so this just gets it over with quickly.

    12. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by rmdingler · · Score: 2

      Lucky, since under this story line's premise, he's still going to be using the hell out of his remaining appendage.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    13. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by sexconker · · Score: 3, Funny

      Send amputees missing their legs. Legs are dead weight in space. You can maneuver in zero G with just your arms.

      StarFox pilots have their legs cut off so they can fit into the cockpits of the Arwings and to prevent blackouts in high-acceleration maneuvers.
      Go look at the original box art and manuals if you don't believe me. They've all got mechanical prosthetics.

    14. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by __aaltlg1547 · · Score: 2

      Dyson spheres can't be built by either people or gods.

    15. Re:Compelling, but a mix still better... by torsmo · · Score: 3, Funny

      "the" instead of "ze"? That's not how we speak German in the US.

  3. oh man by Charliemopps · · Score: 2

    This is going to be great. I can't think of a single reply to this I could make that wouldn't start an immediate flame war other than the one I'm making, and that's only because it's totally off topic. And I think there's still a 50/50 chance it'll happen.

    1. Re:oh man by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      My mother was killed in a flame-war, you insensitive clod!

    2. Re:oh man by Sepodati · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Why not an all midget crew?

  4. Food is not the limiting factor by gurps_npc · · Score: 5, Informative
    The real problems for long distance space travel is not food, air or mass.

    Instead it is: Radiation and muscle loss

    Long term travel exposes humans large amounts of radiation, in particular from cosmic rays, and from

    In addition, living in a low gravity environment destroys your bones.

    These two issues are far more problematic than food, air, and water.

    --
    excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    1. Re:Food is not the limiting factor by Rei · · Score: 4, Interesting

      That is, of course, for a given radiation dose, which is independent of body cross section - which is relevant in real-world scenarios. If we assume an isotropic radiation exposure profile, an average male height of 174cm, an average female height of 161 cm, and asssume an equivalent profile, then a man presents a 17% higher profile to radiation exposurediation exposure, so if a woman has a 50% higher (150%) cancer risk, then it's only 29% higher for a fixed radiation flux per square meter.

      However, let's look further at this. Given the smaller size of members of a female crew, you can shrink the spacecraft occupant space by 8% on each axis, or a volumetric decrease of 26%. Mass changes are more difficult to reckon. Life support, food, water, etc is dependent on metabolism, which the article shows is dramatically lower for women in space. Fuel needs are proportional to all other mass issues. Only a few things (such as computers and scientific equipment) don't trace back to crew member size and mass. Regardless, for a given launch weight, it's clear that you can afford the mass of a significantly increased amount of radiation shielding for a female crew due to the weight savings elsewhere, probably easily more than offsetting the cancer risk.

      Beyond this, the average US astronaut age is 34, an age well after when most women are done having children (assuming that they even want to have children). Given that the article states the risk is from breast, ovarian, and utirine cancer, I wouldn't be surprised if many would consider full hysterectomy for the ability to travel to Mars.

      --
      Next to my desk we have an Ire Extinguisher. Our boss is really assertive, so we like the idea of having it.
  5. That's great and all but... by HeckRuler · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Yeah, that's great and all, but the right way to post this is that the ideal astronaut has a low calorie requirements and leave unsaid that the people who can fill that role is women. No need to drag sexism into the fight when there are perfectly logical rationals for crew selection.

    1. Re:That's great and all but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      How about looking at it this way:

      A spaceship full of healthy, trim, petite lonely females, isolated from the rest of humanity for years. On High Def TV.

      What's not to like?

    2. Re:That's great and all but... by HeckRuler · · Score: 2, Insightful

      No, this is the point I'm trying to make:
      1) Find idea criteria.
      2) Select people that best fit criteria.
      3) OH LOOK, they're all female.

      The part where you go out of your way to target women is where you forcefully insert sexism into a hole it doesn't belong in.

    3. Re:That's great and all but... by amiga3D · · Score: 3, Funny

      Sounds like a great reality show. That should help NASA fund the trip.

    4. Re:That's great and all but... by CaptainLard · · Score: 2

      No need to drag sexism into the fight when there are perfectly logical rationals for crew selection.

      This study was essentially how to maximize the brainpower/resource ratio for a mars mission and group W was consistently higher than group M. Why is it sexist to identify group W's common characteristic? Your "right way to post this" leaves out the results...and turns into clickbait! To me this is about as close as you can get to "the most qualified person for the job" that /. is always clamoring for whenever race or gender come up.

  6. So? by Stormy+Dragon · · Score: 5, Insightful

    During one week, the most metabolically active male burned an average of 3,450 calories per day, while the least metabolically active female expended 1,475 calories per day.

    And this comparison is useful to point out because.... ?

    1. Re:So? by Khashishi · · Score: 3, Interesting

      And how does the most metabolically active female compare to the least metabolically active male?

    2. Re:So? by mapkinase · · Score: 2

      The whole thing has macabre connotations, reminds me of the popular (in 90s) Russian novel "Omon Ra" - a fictitious noir account of Soviet space program, where one of the stages of preparation for the flight "To The Cosmos" was amputation of both legs - in order to fit into a small rocket...

      --
      I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
  7. Re:Exercising "roughly the same amount" by Kielistic · · Score: 4, Informative

    Men's bodies burn more calories than women's. Larger, heavier, more dense muscle amongst other things. Because of this a man running will burn more calories than a woman (on average). A man sitting still will also burn more calories than a woman.

  8. So Larry Buchanan was right? by Venotar · · Score: 4, Funny

    Mars does need women.

  9. And what about Venus? by oldmac31310 · · Score: 4, Funny

    I suppose we'll have to send the men there and that will turn the whole thing on it's head.

    --
    http://www.acetonestudio.com
  10. That's how the adage goes... by blueshift_1 · · Score: 4, Funny

    I guess it's time to update the adage of "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus" to "Women go to Mars, Men chill out and drink beer on Earth"

  11. Mars Needs Women by djKing · · Score: 3, Funny

    Yet another case of Science Fiction becoming Science Fact ;)

    --
    Free as in "the Truth shall set you..."
  12. Women prefer male bosses by popo · · Score: 3, Interesting

    No really. Before you mod this flamebait, check the studies. It's 100% true. Statistically speaking (well, at least according to several large surveys), most women actually do prefer male authority in the work-place.

    http://www.businessweek.com/ar...

    And there are thousands of nightmare tales about all female workplaces...

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/fem...

    Of course such statistics and stories will forever be dismissed by social justice warriors... And there are many here on Slashdot.

    --
    ------ The best brain training is now totally free : )
    1. Re:Women prefer male bosses by Mr_Wisenheimer · · Score: 2

      Um, that is not a "study" you linked to. It is an article about an anonymous survey which shows that 39% of women surveyed prefer male bosses and 61% prefer women or don't care. Your source does not even back-up your conclusion. A minority of women in one anonymous phone survey preferred male bosses.

      And there are thousands of nightmare tales about all male workplaces (just ask anyone who has served in the military).

    2. Re:Women prefer male bosses by bughunter · · Score: 5, Funny

      the correct answer to space travel is obvious, its dwarfs

      Obviously. Because dwarfs with high constitutions get saving throw bonuses, and they all get to hit bonuses vs. space orcs and galactic goblinoids.

      --
      I can see the fnords!
    3. Re:Women prefer male bosses by Namarrgon · · Score: 2

      Daily Mail articles highlighting a single example should be dismissed, SJW or no.

      The Business Week article discusses a series of Gallup polls, which make a better case. But even there, 34% of people had "no preference" - not that different to the 39% that preferred a male boss. I also note these have been steadily converging for the last few decades.

      In any case, it's not particularly relevant to a Mars mission - candidates would be selected on their ability to get along, not randomly from the population.

      --
      Why would anyone engrave "Elbereth"?
    4. Re: Women prefer male bosses by orangesquid · · Score: 2

      I wonder how many metabolic studies have been done on male-to-female transsexuals. If you start with a dmab with a small frame, you don't have to discard much muscle tissue nor gain much body fat to reach a more efficient metabolic ratio. Plus, you don't have to worry about a menstrual cycle (emotional but also physical competitors) and gynecological health. You can tweak hormonal balance to control muscle mass, so that if you expect to need more heft in a few months,you can engineer just that!
      (This isn't a troll, btw, if there's any doubt in anyone's mind)

      --
      --TheOrangeSquid Is it any wonder things seem so awry? We swim in a sea of confusion and don't have to think to survive
  13. Old news by istartedi · · Score: 3, Informative

    I recall hearing that from a physiological standpoint, the best fighter pilot is a short female with slightly elevated blood pressure. Apparently, such a pilot could tolerate G-forces better in addition to requiring slightly less thrust from the aircraft. I'm not surprised they're better in space.

    Of course for historical reasons that's not a common profile for a fighter pilot or an astronaut.

    --
    For all intensive purposes, "whom" is no longer a word. That begs the question, "who cares"?
  14. Infocom!!! by Bodhammer · · Score: 2

    "Leather Goddesses of Phobos!"

    --
    "I say we take off, nuke the site from orbit. It's the only way to be sure."
  15. There's a throwback 1950's movie idea by UncleWilly · · Score: 5, Funny

    First spaceship to Mars; one male captain and a crew of women!

  16. it ain't just the food by sribe · · Score: 5, Informative

    They suck down less oxygen too. Divers know this firsthand ;-)

  17. Re:Optimisation by NotDrWho · · Score: 2

    If you're looking for volunteers, I've got a kid that I would be more than happy to send to Mars for a few months.

    --
    SJW's don't eliminate discrimination. They just expropriate it for themselves.
  18. Razor Edge by Baby+Duck · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If your Mars mission is cutting it so close that the calorie requirement between men and women is a major factor ... maybe that's a sign no one should go using your plan.

    --

    "Love heals scars love left." -- Henry Rollins

    1. Re:Razor Edge by epyT-R · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Of course, that's just the false pragamatism. In the old just post jim crow days, they did this with race, too. This article reeks of pro-feminist propaganda. What if they said that the crew should be all white because they scored higher on some test, or better yet, separate-but-equal missions, but the non white mission received half the funds? Seriously, in any other configuration, the statements made by this article would be considered bigoted, but since it's pro woman who cares, right? For great social justice?

      The only people deserving of hate here are the hypocrites who come up with this bullshit and try to pass it off as moral.

    2. Re:Razor Edge by __aaltlg1547 · · Score: 2

      Nonsense. Let's say your men need 3000 kCal/d and your women need 2000 kCal/d. You can afford to send three women for every two men you eliminate from the crew. It's a no brainer.

  19. Seriously, Nobody? by mythosaz · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...just don't put any mission critical supplies in pickle jars.

  20. The issue is not how to call him... by denzacar · · Score: 2

    It's how will he pick up the phone with no arms or legs.

    --
    Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
  21. Re:Diversity is best by Rei · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I love the fact that Mars is the only planet known to man that is solely inhabited by robots

    --
    Next to my desk we have an Ire Extinguisher. Our boss is really assertive, so we like the idea of having it.
  22. TFA is exactly sexism by s.petry · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Anyone not realizing that there are differences between men and women is an idiot. Men can lift more weight than women, and we have known this for thousands of years. In fact my favorite book "The Republic" has Socrates stating that Women should be in the military, even though everyone else argues that they can't carry as much weight into battle. It's not a shock, it's a fact that we each have some strong and weak points regarding our physique.

    We also know that women tend to use more emotion in judgement than men. In fact women use emotion all the time quite, and quite differently from men. Amazingly, we have known about these differences for again thousands of years. It does not mean a women can't learn math, it means that when it comes to a snap decision a women will weigh the decision with a bit more emotion than a man. That is not a bad thing! At the same time, it does not make a man's decision always wrong.

    Working together, all of these things can offset very nicely. 2 men and 2 women on the mission would give half of the crew with extra lift capability if needed. It would also provide different views of problem solving on the spot. I really don't see this as any type of problem, but then again I'm not a sexist.

    Instead of promoting a work together attitude, TFA is yet another example of trying to separate the masses and keep us bickering with each other. Meanwhile, nothing will happen because the bureaucrats want your money for at least their lifetime. They do not progress, harmony, peace, or anything that may risk their lifelong free ride telling you how to live and where your tax money should go.

    See how the game works? I really hope so. Don't argue the exception to the rule, argue the "normal" if you are going to respond.

    --

    -The wise argue that there are few absolutes, the fool argues that there are no probabilities.

  23. Re:Exercising "roughly the same amount" by MaskedSlacker · · Score: 2

    No it doesn't because you are grossly oversimplifying.

    BMR calculators give an average estimate, not an exact individual figure. People vary around the average. To complicate things further, people are NOT equally efficient in their absorption of calories/nutrients from the same food.

  24. Synchronized menses by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Just what mission control wants to deal with. A cramped can more inhospitable and treacherous than the planet they're heading for.

    --
    Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
  25. Re:But Only Two by onkelonkel · · Score: 2

    Apparently four women is a stable number. This was the advice from a 14th century Moslem man on what is the best number of wives to have. One will be lonely when the husband is away, two will fight, three will gang up two to one, just as you said, but four works out to two stable pairs.

    --
    None of them can see the clouds; The polished wings don't care.
  26. Suspended Animation by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 2

    So are we giving up on the idea of some sort of low metabolism sleep state?

  27. Re:Perceive the obvious by Rei · · Score: 2

    Surely it had absolutely nothing to the fact that by and large women were actively discouraged if not banned from higher education throughout most of modern history, with as a general rule up until the 20th century only aristocratic women being able to take up the sciences (as a hobby - but even that was actively discouraged, supposedly "bad for their health"), and the few women that managed to publish scientific findings generally had to do so under a male name. No, clearly that had no influence whatsoever!. Clearly science is all about aggressiveness! Which is why the world's greatest scientific discoveries have been made by wolverines.

    --
    Next to my desk we have an Ire Extinguisher. Our boss is really assertive, so we like the idea of having it.