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Researchers Discover an "Off Switch" For Pain In the Brain

concertina226 writes Scientists working together from several international universities have discovered that it is possible to block a pathway in the brain of animals suffering from neuropathic pain, which could have a huge impact on improving pain relief in humans. So far, the most successful ways to treat chronic pain from a pharmacological point of view are to create drugs that that interact or interfere with various channels in the brain to decrease pain, including adrenergic, opioid and calcium receptors. However, there is another way – a chemical stimulator called adenosine that binds to brain receptors to trigger a biological response. Adenosine has shown potential for killing pain in humans, but so far, no one has managed to harness this pain pathway successfully without causing a myriad of side effects. Led by Dr Daniela Salvemini of SLU, the researchers discovered that by activating the A3 adenosine receptor in the rodents' brains and spinal cords, the receptor was able to prevent or reverse pain from nerve damage (the cause of chronic pain).

21 of 83 comments (clear)

  1. All or nothing by TWX · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I'm curious if this'll be an all-or-nothing thing, or if there are degrees of gradation. Pain itself serves good in that it prevents one from doing things that cause it, so we don't injure ourselves.

    Also makes me wonder if pain caused by emotion or stress would be affected, and to what degree. It's been said that emotional pain is a physical response, the body literally making itself ill or hurt, so I wonder.

    --
    Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    1. Re:All or nothing by ColdWetDog · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Doubtful it will be a 'switch' like one thinks about in electronics or logic. It is a complex pathway so there will be plenty of other regulatory and counter regulatory effects. Of interest, is that there are a number of drugs already in trials that work on similar pathways, so it's a bit doubtful that these researchers have found a magic bullet type of thing.

      And even if they can shut it off completely in animal studies, it is a long road to developing a useful clinical treatment.

      Don't short opium growers just yet.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    2. Re:All or nothing by myid · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I'm curious if this'll be an all-or-nothing thing, or if there are degrees of gradation. Pain itself serves good in that it prevents one from doing things that cause it, so we don't injure ourselves.

      The article at http://brain.oxfordjournals.or... has a short section titled "MRS5698 does not alter normal nociception". That section says, "MRS5698 tested at the highest effective dose had no effect in tests that measure the acute thermal nociceptive component of physiological pain: tail flick and hot-plate (Fig. 2H and I)."

      Wikipedia says,

      Nociception (also nocioception or nociperception) is the encoding and processing of harmful stimuli in the nervous system,[1] and, therefore, the ability of a body to sense potential harm.

      Any doctors here - does that mean pain from danger still is felt, just not chronic pain from damaged nerves?

    3. Re:All or nothing by QilessQi · · Score: 2

      Yep, CIPA is extremely dangerous. You have to self-monitor at all times:

      CIP: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...

      CIPA: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...

    4. Re:All or nothing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Except in the case of PTSD, the symtom is really all that matters.

    5. Re:All or nothing by El+Puerco+Loco · · Score: 4, Informative

      It means what it says it means, that it selectively alleviates neuropathic pain, not all causes of pain. Neuropathic pain originates form damaged nerves, is usually experienced as persistent burning, tingling, pins and needles sensation and doesn't respond well to opiates or nsaids.

    6. Re:All or nothing by labnet · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'd be interested to see if this has an impact on tinnitus, which for most people who suffer it, is like audio neuropathic pain.

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      46137
    7. Re:All or nothing by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 4, Interesting

      And, very importantly, is now untreatable. "Sorry, just suck it up" isn't something a doctor likes to say to someone in real pain. It's not always "tingling" or pins and needles.

      That it is selective is a great pro. You don't want someone with strong phantom pain in their severed hand to loose the other hand due to an infection that wasn't noticed because the painkillers stopped the important signal with the phantom one.
      Missing one hand is already problem. Missing two is an unimaginable problem (at least, I can't imagine it).

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
    8. Re:All or nothing by hairyfeet · · Score: 2

      That is a really good question but I have one to follow up on it...what will the brain replace the feeling of pain with?

      The reason I ask is I had a friend who had nerve damage from a car wreck that was always cold and the docs said he wasn't actually FEELING cold, it was similar to how your stomach "hurts" when you are really hungry. In his case his brain was "starving" for lack of a better word so his brain gave him the sensation of always being cold. My late sister had nerve damage in her feet that gave a similar sensation only with her it was her feet was always hot. So my question would be, if you take away the ability to feel pain...what will the brain replace the lost sensation with?

      --
      ACs don't waste your time replying, your posts are never seen by me.
  2. Coffee anyone? by doragasu · · Score: 2

    Weren't adenosine receptors blocked by caffeine?

    1. Re: Coffee anyone? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      As long as it's not a painful shit, the coffee is working.

    2. Re: Coffee anyone? by reboot246 · · Score: 2

      Add a strong source of nicotine and you'll be going even sooner. Try a strong snus like Thunder or Oden's.

  3. We already know this... by Freshly+Exhumed · · Score: 2

    Vulcan Science Academy has been studying this going back to the time of Surak.

    --
    I deny that I have not avoided attaining the opposite of that which I do not want.
  4. Re:Introduction already $$$ by jd · · Score: 2

    Enough about Microsoft! What about those suffering physical pain?

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    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  5. Ending pain by Thanshin · · Score: 2

    This is one of the big frontiers of humanity.

    There is little a person won't do to stop pain. A simple way to stop it with no consequences for the person nor society would solve a huge lot of other problems.

  6. Re:Combine this with Fear switch by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Really. You don't think fear makes humans dangerous?

    --
    systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
  7. Re:Introduction already $$$ by rtb61 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    There is if course nothing more profitable that treating the symptoms rather than curing the affliction, yet they always cry the loudest when they succeed at treating the symptoms without curing the affliction, bless their greedy little hearts. Personally I would like to hear more about stem cell therapy to repair damaged nerves.

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    Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
  8. Why don't they study the cause of the pain ? by Foske · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I am the last to say chronic pains are not real, but I do know that chronic pains are most of the time a symptom of something else, and way too many people are diagnosed with chronic pains. Doctors say they can't treat something and you have to live with it, though many times that is simply wrong. My wife was diagnosed with 'chronic pain' by 6 independent doctors. Number 7 said she should stop drinking milk. Pain is almost completely gone. I myself have been walking around with Irritable Bowel Syndrome for years. Stopped eating Gluten and the Syndrome is gone.

    We have way too many "diseases" which are nothing but a name for clueless doctors and a failing medical system. My basic rule is: If you broke something: Go see a doctor. If you have something that's a bit more vague: See someone who understands how the human body works. And yes, I now refer to for example good acupuncture, chiropractic or homeopathic doctors. Unfortunately you also have a lot of crap there.

  9. Re:Introduction already $$$ by RingDev · · Score: 4, Informative

    Here's the thing, there are some forms of nerve damage that we currently don't have a cure for, there are far more that we don't even understand well enough to have an idea for a cure, and there are some that are so poorly understood, even significant swaths of the medical community doubt that they are real and accuse patients of being drug seekers.

    For example: Fibromyalgia. It isn't a disease in it's own right, it is a classification of a set of symptoms that have not been able to be attached to a source. There are lots of theories and progress is being made in the field. But when the causes could be genetic, dietary, environmental, psychological, or even sleep related, any step forward could be helpful for some subset of FM sufferers, but leave the rest without aid.

    If this approach can be made to work, it would mean that virtually all of the FM sufferers in the world could lead a normal life, while at the same time research continues on the underlying causes of their conditions.

    When you wake up every day and have to see your spouse, your child, or your friends in agony because for no meaningful reason their brain decides that they should feel like every joint is coated with sandpaper, that every muscle is strained and torn, that every tendon is inflamed, then any option, even one that profits some greedy ass in a suit, becomes a miracle.

    -Rick

    --
    "Most people in the U.S. wouldn't know they live in a tyrannical state if it walked up and grabbed their junk." - MyFirs
  10. That's the reason why you're addicted to coffee by moxsam · · Score: 2

    Coffeine blocks adenosine receptors, and in turn their numbers multiply, reaching an equilibrium after just 2 weeks of regular coffeine intake. Stop taking coffeine, and you're going to feel pain (mostly headaches and rheumatic pain) 18 to 22 hours after your last dosage. Not to mention being sleepy, depressed and so on. The adenosine builds up as usual in your body after you wake up as a by product of normal neuronal activity, but it just keeps on binding to all those extra receptors. Ouch!

    Depending on how heavy your coffein addiction was it takes weeks to months to feel like a normal human being again. If they want to mess with that system, good luck. Finding a drug that causes no withdrawal symptons, good luck.

  11. But...but... by JasonGoatcher · · Score: 2

    Don't you see? We don't actually WANT a replacement for marijuana. Why can't you just let us smoke our weed in peace?

    Full disclosure:I don't smoke or take drugs, but I think cigarettes are WAAAAAAAYYYY more dangerous than weed, considering the normal usage patterns.