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New Alzheimer's Treatment Fully Restores Memory Function For Mice

New submitter wrp103 writes Australian researchers have come up with a non-invasive ultrasound technology [abstract] that clears the brain of neurotoxic amyloid plaques — structures that are responsible for memory loss and a decline in cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients. A slice: Publishing in Science Translational Medicine, the team describes the technique as using a particular type of ultrasound called a focused therapeutic ultrasound, which non-invasively beams sound waves into the brain tissue. By oscillating super-fast, these sound waves are able to gently open up the blood-brain barrier, which is a layer that protects the brain against bacteria, and stimulate the brain’s microglial cells to move in. Microglila cells are basically waste-removal cells, so once they get past the blood-brain barrier, they’re able to clear out the toxic beta-amyloid clumps before the blood-brain barrier is restored within a few hours. The team reports fully restoring the memories of 75 percent of the mice they tested it on, with zero damage to the surrounding brain tissue. They found that the treated mice displayed improved performance in three memory tasks - a maze, a test to get them to recognise new objects, and one to get them to remember the places they should avoid.

109 comments

  1. and then they get flowers? by steak · · Score: 1, Insightful

    shortly after their human friend dies.

    1. Re: and then they get flowers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In the story, the mouse dies, and the outcome of the human was unstated.

    2. Re:and then they get flowers? by Maxo-Texas · · Score: 0

      sometimes, it's enough just to say something... even if only a few others (or no one else) gets it.

      --
      She was like chocolate when she drank... semi-sweet at first and then increasingly bitter.
    3. Re: and then they get flowers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It was highly suggested that the human was going to die.

    4. Re: and then they get flowers? by BarbaraHudson · · Score: 5, Informative

      In the story, Charlie Gordon went back to his old job. Couldn't put up with the pity. Left. (Where he went depends on whether it's the short story or the novel).

      --
      "Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
    5. Re:and then they get flowers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, but it's nice when some people respond, and you know they got it.

    6. Re:and then they get flowers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well it sounds better than using hungry earwigs in each ear, working on scent.
      Something from Night Gallery?

    7. Re: and then they get flowers? by WheezyJoe · · Score: 1

      IIRC, he still had his lucky penny.

      --
      Take it easy, Charlie, I've got an Angle...
    8. Re: and then they get flowers? by BarbaraHudson · · Score: 1

      A lucky penny is sure better than a lucky rabbits foot. After all, it didn't bring luck to the rabbit.

      --
      "Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
    9. Re: and then they get flowers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It didn't bring luck to the copper ore either...or zinc nowdays

  2. WTF AM I DOING HERE! by deadweight · · Score: 5, Funny

    So..I'll find myself in a nursing home one day with no idea how I got there, my car will be sold, my pr0n erased, and my wife partying it up with the pool boy? I can see some surprises in store when they fire this up.

    1. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Unless society develops a sudden interest in increasing the supply of confused and sickly old people, I have to assume that this treatment would be something you do(hopefully you don't have to keep repeating it ever week thereafter forever) when you first start to detect Alzheimer's type memory issues, in order to prevent them from causing any further damage to prior memory or interfering with continued new memory formation; so that there is never any significant period of discontinuity.

      There will be the somewhat interested medical-ethics question of what to do after it(or some other treatment) is first demonstrated to work: Since there will already be a substantial population of Alzheimer's patients, who have lost varying degrees of prior memory and memory function because no (effective) treatment was available; there will be people, probably a lot of them (10s of thousands or more, in all likelihood, counting only countries wealthy enough that treating them is even on the table as a possibility) who have already irreplaceably lost much or all of their past memories; but could be treated such that they would remember subsequent events.

      I imagine that, on the plus side, such treatment would decrease the confusion, fear, and substantial helplessness that such patients face; but that coming back with capacity for new memories but little or nothing about the past has its own challenges.

    2. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by oodaloop · · Score: 1

      , my pr0n erased,

      NOOOOOOOooooooooooooooooo!

      --
      Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
    3. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 1

      I have a feeling that having potentially just cheated death for a few more decades would be somewhat of a mitigating factor.

      And the above problem is something that people WITHOUT any disease have to deal with...

      PS: Personal opinion: You have a flash car, pool boy and so are rich and just escaped a horrible death? My heart bleeds for you...not...

    4. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by MichaelSmith · · Score: 1

      Thats what backups are for.

    5. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      People with Alzheimer's don't lose the past as you suggest

    6. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      Yes, this will be interesting - but the results may not be as scary as you might think. Assuming this pans out (the first three letters of the word assume are...) and the results are clinically apparent, even a modest benefit would save 'the system' quite a bit of money. Alzehiemer's patients are very expensive to maintain. They live for years, they can be otherwise healthy. They need a lot of human supervision (which doesn't come cheap).

      So even if the equipment manufacturers charge and arm and leg for the procedure the overall health care dollar might go down. Another interesting issue is that this is a pretty cheap treatment - standard ultrasound machines, no expensive drugs* and a protocol that may well be so simple as to be effectively unpatentable.

      So stay tuned. Quite a bit of work to do but some the 8 digit UIDs might be able to take advantage of the treatment (again, assuming that they are not running for their lives from a Zombie / Ebola / Ted Cruz infestation).

      * Some of the treatments do work better with microbubbles which might end up costing some money. See the accompanying editorial for more info (needs a Science subscription).

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    7. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ok, opening up the blood brain barrier is bad. Got it.

      Ah, microwave radiation opens up the blood brain barrier.

      - Take Back Your Power

    8. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by pepty · · Score: 1
      I agree, repeatedly permeabilizing the BBB to the extent that cells larger than bacteria can get in sounds a wee bit risky. Also:

      The team reports fully restoring the memories of 75 percent of the mice they tested it on, with zero damage to the surrounding brain tissue.

      The abstract mentioning completely clearing amyloid plaques in 75% of the mice, which, while awesome, is not fully restoring memory.

    9. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      75% of the time, it works every time^W^W fully.

    10. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yes they can. I went to visit my mom at the hospital shortly before she lost the ability of speech due to advanced alzheimers, (and admittedly also dementia), when an extant family member told her that her son (then named me) just arrived, and she said, "I don't have a son named ".." (me)". She seemed to have regressed back increasingly in time as the disease progressed.

    11. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by lord_mike · · Score: 2

      Yes, having had a similar experience, it really is like time travel in many ways. Alzheimers patients really travel back through time. It's not just that they remember it, in their minds they are actually living in that time in the past as their present... and that time point goes further and further back as the disease progresses. It's very discomforting to witness.

    12. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by rock_climbing_guy · · Score: 2

      The parent poster is right. I watched a grandmother in my family slowly fade away with Alzheimer's Disease, eventually succumbing to kidney disease. (Oftentimes, Alzheimer's doesn't kill the patient directly, but something else does.) I don't know how much her medication costed, but she required increasing human supervision as the illness progressed. When they could no longer care for her at home, they institutionalized her at great cost. I think that financial assistance is available to those who qualify, but the full price is greater than most people's salary.

      --
      Wh47 d1d j00 541, 31337 15n't t3h r0xor5 ne m0r3???
    13. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Altrag · · Score: 2

      I can't think of any scenario where being cured and missing memories is in any way better than still missing those memories but having your brain slowly being eaten away and losing even more memories.

      These are already confused and sickly old people.. curing them if such a thing is possible will mean that they can eventually become less confused. Probably with a lot of therapy and rehab, similar to what we do after significant physical trauma leaves a person's body incapacitated.

      But absolutely, the people who will benefit the most from such a treatment would be those who are diagnosed early and can be treated before they lose too much.

    14. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Altrag · · Score: 1

      Presumably this would be done in a sterile room and that the patient would need to be cleared for any potentially hazardous bacterial infections and the such.

      They noted that the BBB is restored within a few hours. Assuredly not a 100% safe treatment to be sure, but that's hardly new in medical science (think of all the potential side-effects listed with every medication. Never mind things like full body irradiation as prep for bone marrow transplants, cutting up (or even out) pieces of the brain to reduce seizures and so on.)

      Sometimes the cure is worth taking some risks. Of course "sometimes" isn't the same as "always" and it would need to be determined case by case based on the patient's other co-existing conditions, the will of the family, financial situation, etc.

    15. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When the brain is not made hyperthermic first, the results from earlier studies could not be replicated. And it could not be made permeable at all for serotonin. You do know your own citation states this, right?

    16. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by jafiwam · · Score: 1

      Presumably this would be done in a sterile room and that the patient would need to be cleared for any potentially hazardous bacterial infections and the such.

      They noted that the BBB is restored within a few hours. Assuredly not a 100% safe treatment to be sure, but that's hardly new in medical science (think of all the potential side-effects listed with every medication. Never mind things like full body irradiation as prep for bone marrow transplants, cutting up (or even out) pieces of the brain to reduce seizures and so on.)

      Sometimes the cure is worth taking some risks. Of course "sometimes" isn't the same as "always" and it would need to be determined case by case based on the patient's other co-existing conditions, the will of the family, financial situation, etc.

      They are using sound waves. It may be non-invasive and require little more than shaving the target point and applying a lubricant to the skin.

      Though, if they are going through the skull there is a VAST difference in what will get through a mouse skull from what will get through a human skull.

      Opening the head up to get it done... well that's sort of going to cause other problems so the treatment won't be ethical / used due to risks elsewhere.

    17. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by bzipitidoo · · Score: 1

      My mother has Alz, which has become severe now. I think she still remembers me, but maybe not. It's hard to really know. She doesn't know anyone's name anymore, and her speech has become fragmentary.

      Big Pharma may have caused or contributed to her condition. About 15 years ago, this Hormone Replacement Therapy, for women only, became quite popular. My mother was given this treatment. Then some more information about HRT came out. Seems the treatment doubles the risk of the patient developing dementia. It might also increase the chance of breast cancer, and cause hearing loss. The HRT treatments and drugs were quietly stopped and dropped, pretty much without explanation.

      The issue is complicated. Newer research suggests that whiel synthetic versions of estrogen increase the chance of dementia, perhaps the exact molecule decreases that risk. What to believe?

      --
      Intellectual Property is a monopolistic, selfish, and defective concept. It is "tyranny over the mind of man"
    18. Re: WTF AM I DOING HERE! by phocion · · Score: 2

      There would be no debate at all, even for those who have experienced extreme memory loss. They might not remember their past, but the ability to retain new memories would mean they could relearn it. To give an example, when my grandmother was suffering from Alzheimer's there were days she didn't know her own daughters even though she would see them every day. Just the ability to remember from day to day who someone is would make it worth performing the treatment.

      --
      Smile, it makes people wonder what you're up to.
    19. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thats what backups are for.

      Tell me, Mr. Smith, what good are backups when you cannot remember the encryption passphrase?

    20. Re: WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So what about those who took the higher dose hrt all those years as well as birth control? Maybe that explains the onslaught of gals in that age group getting Alzheimer's now? Then add statins with their memory loss capability and ticking time bombs.

    21. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is completely false.

      Alzheimer's doesn't erase memories, it makes it so they can no longer be accessed. Like if you had a CD in a CD drive but the SATA cable wasn't connected. They aren't gone, and certainly not in reverse chronological order (or any order, for that matter) as you seem to think.

    22. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by mattack2 · · Score: 1

      Do we know for sure that they have "lost" their memories, and haven't instead lost the ability to access the memories? At least the cliched "they sometimes remember their kids" moments seem to imply the latter.

      Computer analogy: The hard drive's still there, but not plugged in.

      Car analogy: The gas tank's full, but the fuel line is plugged.

    23. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Demena · · Score: 1

      Strange. I never thought about "forgetting". But my passwords and records will be recoverable after my death by means of a divided secret and just for kicks, solving a puzzle.

      Tell me, A.C., why do you think there is a problem?

    24. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because Alzheimer's causes the destruction of memories due to the obliteration of the neural networks. Even this treatment will not restore that destroyed information; should it be successful it will merely restore the ability to form new memories.

      If you reread this particular thread, the idea is that someone would be "awakened" from Alzheimer's to discover that various changes had occurred, including deletion of pr0n. The idea of backups was proffered, but the riposte was that the passphrase would be gone due to memory obliteration.

      Does the joke parse for you now?

      BTW, you shared your pr0n backups password with others via shared secret & puzzle? What kind of pornography do you have that is worth such extensive preservation for posterity?

    25. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Demena · · Score: 1

      Well, the only thing I have that might remotely be classified as pr0n would be my personal sketches as I like to draw nudes. There are no other images. Since they are my personal artistic output they might have some value to my family and perhaps not. None are obscene anyway.

      But the split/shared secret is easy to set up. Trivial in fact. I am not sure why you think it is "extensive".

    26. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you autistic? Look: understand this context is about porn backups. Whether you have porn or not in your personal backups is irrelevant to this context.

      Setting up a split secret with puzzle and spreading the segments among friends so they can regain access to a porn backup in the event of your incapacitation or death is most definitely an "extensive" preparation given the ubiquity of porn on the internet, the typically-idiosyncratic aspect of said collection of porn, the fact that said backup is encrypted specifically to keep others from discovering your fetish for midget-furry-inflationist-vore-bondage-amputation kink, and so on. In fact, most people do not want said backup to ever be decrypted by anyone else.

      If you cannot perceive that, then it calls into question whether you grok the social aspect... hence the question about ASD.

    27. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Demena · · Score: 1

      Well, I understood the thread to be about pr0n and other things. More particularly, it was about how you would recover your digital property if you were to lose and partly recover your memory.

      I have nothing on any hard disk nor any memory stick (or its ilk) that I am ashamed of. I am a human being (I figured that out long ago) and not perfect. But I actually do not have anything I feel I need to hide. My kids figured out my fetishes in their teens, nothing to hide there. I would say that there would be more people in my situation than yours. Anyway it is irrelevant.

      The point that you are failing to see is that setting up a shared secret is trivial, even if it is unknown to the parties that they have it. And that is the only point I have to make.

    28. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Here's your problem. Since you seem to be unable to glance up at this particular thread history, allow me to quote:

      , my pr0n erased,

      NOOOOOOOooooooooooooooooo!

      Thats what backups are for.

      Tell me, Mr. Smith, what good are backups when you cannot remember the encryption passphrase?

      Sorry you can't seem to understand this context is solely about encrypted porn backups even though you tried hard to change the subject.

      No one is setting up encrypted porn backups with split secrets and puzzles regardless of how trivial it is to do, because that's not the point of encrypted porn backups. Take your aspie perseveration about your split secrets and puzzles to a thread context where it's relevant.

    29. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Demena · · Score: 1

      You are mistaken.

      You are also abusive. I would say "have a nice life" but I know that will not be so unless you change markedly.

    30. Re:WTF AM I DOING HERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Now, in addition to your putative ASD it seems you either have incompetence with reading comprehension or you are incapable of admitting when you have been shown to be incorrect.

      Either way, I pity you.

  3. Put me in line by Whiteox · · Score: 1

    Why teh fuck did I start this? Oh yeah. I'm game. I need my brain to be ultrasounded asap.

    --
    Don't be apathetic. Procrastinate!
    1. Re: Put me in line by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You have to say "I volunteer, I volunteer as tribute" at the Choosing.

      Best of luck.

  4. I think I've got this covered by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Blasting techno music through headphones might deafen me but at least I won't get Alzheimers disease.

  5. Mouse brains are tiny. by hey! · · Score: 1, Informative

    Just as a rough comparison, a mouse brain weighs 0.4 g, a human brain 1320 g. So right off the bat I'd be skeptical of whether this could be scaled up to treat humans. But still, it's a very interesting result.

    --
    Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    1. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by blue+trane · · Score: 1

      How much does a bird brain weigh, but they're such good musicians, and migrate thousands of miles?

    2. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They are smaller no doubt, but in both cases the blood brain barrier is just beneath the surface of the skull. Total volume doesn't necessarily matter in this situation.

    3. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Humans are bigger than mice and their anatomy is bigger, we know this, but we still begin a lot of useful science with mice trials.

    4. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "There's a young student at this university," says Lorber, "who has an IQ of 126, has gained a first-class honors degree in mathematics, and is socially completely normal. And yet the boy has virtually no brain."
      http://www.rifters.com/real/articles/Science_No-Brain.pdf

    5. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Vascularisation is comparable though - and that is what they are targeting

    6. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by azaris · · Score: 2

      They are smaller no doubt, but in both cases the blood brain barrier is just beneath the surface of the skull

      No it's not. It's formed by the endothelium (thin layer one cell thick that is in direct contact with the cerebral blood stream) on the smallest capillaries that penetrate deep into the brain matter.

    7. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Skimpy reasoning + no apparent domain knowledge = perfect /. comment.

      Holy fuck, I'm dumber after reading your comment.

    8. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by hey! · · Score: 1

      Just a few semesters of brain science at MIT before I chose a different major.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    9. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by hey! · · Score: 1

      I'm not saying this is bad science; it sounds like great science. I'm just saying the geometry and scale are very different so people shouldn't jump to the conclusion that this will immediately lead to usable therapies for humans.

      When I was a student I took a course where we got to handle a variety of vertebrate brains, including human ones. When you hold a human brain in your hand the first impression (other than awe) is that it's not terribly big. But it's huge compared to the brain of a small animal, and some of the structures we may be interested in are deep inside.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    10. Re:Mouse brains are tiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nothing screams legitimacy like calling it brain science.

  6. Simple Request by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If your idea is that amyloid-beta causes Alzheimer's like symptoms in mice and your treatment reduced amyloid-beta and improved symptoms, then show a plot of amyloid-beta levels vs behavioral outcome. There is no reason that both measurements can't be done using the same animals. If they were done with the same animals, I have no idea what the excuse for not having that as part of the publication could be.

    1. Re:Simple Request by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If you read and understood TFS you would note that they indeed make this inference. You'd have to read the paper to see the details.

      You might want to look at an accompanying editorial for more details but here is some additional info:

      The blood-brain barrier, a tightly packed layer of cells that lines the brain's blood vessels, protects it from infections, toxins, and other threats but makes the organ frustratingly hard to treat. A strategy that combines ultrasound with microscopic blood-borne bubbles can briefly open the barrier, in theory giving drugs or the immune system access to the brain. In the clinic and the lab, that promise is being evaluated.

      This month, in one of the first clinical tests, Todd Mainprize, a neurosurgeon at the University of Toronto in Canada, hopes to use ultrasound to deliver a dose of chemotherapy to a malignant brain tumor. And in some of the most dramatic evidence of the technique's potential, a research team reports this week in Science Translational Medicine that they used it to rid mice of abnormal brain clumps similar to those in Alzheimer's disease, restoring lost memory and cognitive functions. If such findings can be translated from mice to humans, “it will revolutionize the way we treat brain disease,” says biophysicist Kullervo Hynynen of the Sunnybrook Research Institute in Toronto, who originated the ultrasound method.

      Some scientists stress that rodent findings can be hard to translate to humans and caution that there are safety concerns about zapping the brain with even the low-intensity ultrasound used in the new study, which is similar to that used in diagnostic scans. Opening up the blood-brain barrier just enough to get a beneficial effect without scorching tissue, triggering an excessive immune reaction, or causing hemorrhage is the “crux,” says Brian Bacskai, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston who studies Alzheimer's disease and used to work with Hynynen.

      My emphasis.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    2. Re:Simple Request by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They do "make the inference", but based on what? First, in the paper they show *reduced* amyloid-beta not "rid mice of abnormal brain clumps" (fig 2c, 2d, fig 3, etc) so that claim in the editorial is misinformation. They also show the degree that this occurred differed between mice (fig 2G). The primary behavioral outcome was the "active place avoidance test", the primary result shown in figure 4C. Besides the difficulty interpreting these results (http://science.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=7136145&cid=49309797), they say those error bars represent SEM, with n=10. So there was substantial within group variability.

      Obviously we want to see a plot of amyloid-beta levels vs number of shocks. If the two are related that should be apparent in a scatter plot. Just comparing group averages on outcome A and then also comparing group averages on outcome B is not sufficient, nor necessary to demonstrate a relationship between the two! In fact it is also a waste of ink and space, since all that info could be shown in one plot.

    3. Re: Simple Request by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But WHY?!?!? Why isn't this a PERFECT study???! FUCK!!!

    4. Re: Simple Request by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I would settle for non-idiotic.

  7. Logan's Run had it right by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    RENEW!

  8. Re:Relates to Systemd by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm not sure, but it's definitely spreading like a disease does.

  9. No, wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Another overblown cure. The amyloid plaques are associated with permanent damage (ie. actual neuron loss), so you won't cure anyone by removing all of the plaques. You'd have to regrow neurons, and only certain portions of the brain can do that - even if you did, you'd still have to relearn and get new memories.

    In other words, like a damaged hard drive, fixing the heads doesn't bring back the lost data.

    Further, the ultrasound can't penetrate the brain the way it can with a mouse, so the treatment won't work for humans.

    Then, it also doesn't address the cause of the plaques, which is thought to be a diabetes-like process that will continue.

    1. Re:No, wrong by MichaelSmith · · Score: 1

      Another overblown cure. The amyloid plaques are associated with permanent damage (ie. actual neuron loss), so you won't cure anyone by removing all of the plaques. You'd have to regrow neurons, and only certain portions of the brain can do that - even if you did, you'd still have to relearn and get new memories.

      That might be a good thing. We do that all the time and memories lost from the last are not necessarily a bad thing. If you can restore function and record new memories, that would be a huge improvement.

    2. Re:No, wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Another overblown cure. The amyloid plaques are associated with permanent damage (ie. actual neuron loss), so you won't cure anyone by removing all of the plaques. You'd have to regrow neurons, and only certain portions of the brain can do that - even if you did, you'd still have to relearn and get new memories.

      In other words, like a damaged hard drive, fixing the heads doesn't bring back the lost data.

      Further, the ultrasound can't penetrate the brain the way it can with a mouse, so the treatment won't work for humans.

      Then, it also doesn't address the cause of the plaques, which is thought to be a diabetes-like process that will continue.

      Obviously you don't wait until the person has become non-functional.
      You do this to prevent the future progress of Alzheimers, or even as a preventative.
      You begin the treatment as soon as evidence of the plaques occurs, or even better, do it as part of regular checkups. Perhaps every 5 years would suffice because generally speaking, the progress of Alzheimer's is slow.
      The best part of this is that it may be a relatively inexpensive preventative treatment. Prevention is far far more important than cure.

      As for ultrasound (not) penetrating the human brain, cranial imaging using scanning ultrasound has been SOP for some time.

    3. Re:No, wrong by s.t.a.l.k.e.r._loner · · Score: 1

      RN here. There was old lady in a nursing home who had no memory of her husband having passed away several years before. Numerous times every day, she would ask when her husband would be in to see her... One inexperienced nurse explained to her that her husband was dead; she cried hysterically. A few hours later, she asked again when her husband would be in to see her. The standard answer is, "He'll be here a little later, honey".

  10. A money-saver by BarbaraHudson · · Score: 1

    If this works, it will be a big money-saver by emptying a lot of "homes" where people need 24/7 care because of their mental condition and the accompanying physical problems.

    --
    "Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
    1. Re:A money-saver by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's hard to say what they even measured behaviorally. They put mice on a rotating disc for ten minutes with 60% of it designated as a shock zone. Once a mouse entered the shock zone it was shocked every 1.5 seconds. They then counted the number of shocks each mouse got from the treatment and control groups and compared the averages for 4 days of doing this. The mice in the treatment group were getting fewer shocks by the last day on average (spent less time in the shock zone), which is interpreted as "better memory" of the shock zone location.

      If you have ever seen mice when they get startled they often freeze for a certain period of time. From the data presented it is unclear how they distinguished an effect on that with one on memory. I'm sure someone who has actually observed one of these experiments can think up many other possible interpretations. That isn't to say their favored memory one is wrong... but they seem unconcerned with enumerating the assumptions they are making. They use stats to disprove a "chance" difference between groups then jump to the conclusion it was for the reason they think, not bothering to attempt ruling out or discussing other possibilities. That is obviously a strawman argument.

      Also, they don't plot amyloid-beta levels vs number of shocks which is pretty dumb if you think the amount of amyloid-beta is related to the number of shocks.

    2. Re:A money-saver by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry, 60 degrees of the disc was "shock zone", so ~16.67%.

    3. Re:A money-saver by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Same AC. If the mice were randomly exploring the disc for ten minutes (without regard for the shocks) we would expect them to spend (60/360)*10*60=100 seconds in the shock zone. If shocks occur every 1.5 seconds that corresponds to 100/1.5=66.67 shocks. The treatment group went from ~24 shocks on day 1 to ~16 shocks on day 4. The sham controls remained at ~21 shocks throughout. So the treatment group went from 36% to 24% the number of shocks we would expect from "indifferent" mice, while the control group experienced 31%. So the mice do appear to be aware of the shock zone regardless of group, but mice from all groups were only moderately successful at avoiding it on average.

      Another way to look at it is that a difference of 5 shocks corresponds to the control group spending 1.5*5= 7.5 extra seconds in the shock zone. Out of 10 minutes that corresponds to a 1.25% difference. If we look up how long freezing due to shocks should be expected to be we find:

      In prior work, we found that a Minimum Freeze Duration of one full second (30 frames) produced the scores closest to human observers

      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955491/

      So that extra 7.5 seconds could easily be mice being shocked multiple times in a row due to freezing. The mice in the treatment group may have received fewer shocks because they froze for a shorter period of time, possibly having "nothing" to do with memory. The data is not described in enough detail to say.

      Anyway BarbaraHudson, these types of issues are rampant throughout biomed research. You shared your experiences with me the other day, so I wanted to describe in some detail why I have doubts about the effectiveness of medical treatments to you.

    4. Re:A money-saver by BarbaraHudson · · Score: 1
      Hi! Until the findings are replicated by other researchers (perhaps with a better methodology), we can't assume much of anything ... but it's nice to dream. However, they did say that when they examined the brains of the two groups (which necessitated sacrificing the mice) , they did find differences between the test mice and the controls:

      We used repeated scanning ultrasound (SUS) treatments of the mouse brain to remove A, without the need for any additional therapeutic agent such as anti-A antibody. Spinning disk confocal microscopy and high-resolution three-dimensional reconstruction revealed extensive internalization of A into the lysosomes of activated microglia in mouse brains subjected to SUS, with no concomitant increase observed in the number of microglia. Plaque burden was reduced in SUS-treated AD mice compared to sham-treated animals, and cleared plaques were observed in 75% of SUS-treated mice.

      ... so I'm hoping that there's "something there" and want to see the results replicated by others.

      --
      "Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
    5. Re:A money-saver by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I didn't focus on that aspect since it is not clear whether amyloid-beta is a cause or symptom of Alzheimer's

      ...the ABC hypothesis ignores certain neurobiological aspects. First, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles display dissimilar spatiotemporal distribution (Jucker and Walker, 2011). If the former induced the latter, similar patterns would be expected. Second, the role of glial cells in the ABC hypothesis is reduced to an A elimination route and does not consider their recently recognized participation in all essential neurological tissue functions (Kettenmann et al., 2011; Oberheim et al., 2012). Cell counting studies on human Alzheimer brains have focused on neurons (Pelvig et al., 2003), but the possible loss of glial cell extensions or cells, or a change in their functioning, has hardly been appreciated. Third, if A were as toxic as claimed, how can one explain cognitive health in subjects that contain A accumulations that would credit Alzheimer disease? Indeed, it is amply recognized that an A plateau is reached long before clinical symptoms may appear (Braak and Del Tredici, 2011; Cummings et al., 2014).
      [...]
      Fourth, the ABC hypothesis does not pay attention to the fact that the hippocampus is the site of both disease initiation and adult neurogenesis (Wang et al., 2014). Finally, the ABC hypothesis ignores typical characteristics of the disease, such as the spatiotemporal pattern of affected brain areas, the presence of white matter hyperintensities (Kandiah et al., 2015), and vacuolated cells (Nelson et al., 2012). Alternative hypotheses, in which A may occur as a symptom, but not as the main cause, are presented below.

      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4302983/

    6. Re:A money-saver by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hope is a good thing, the problem is that scammer (very small percentage) and incompetent (very large percentage; no fault of their own really, mostly just improperly trained) "scientists" will run wild if no one is appropriately skeptical. They can waste decades and hundreds of billions of dollars building up a vast web of misinformation which becomes an obstacle to figuring out what is going on. I quoted Ronald Fisher before. He is the one who came up with the "significance test" method of statistics that pretty much everyone thinks they are using. He saw the misinterpretations, modifications, and misuses that were beginning and predicted pretty much what is going on today (by my assessment):

      "We are quite in danger of sending highly trained and highly intelligent young men out into the world with tables of erroneous numbers under their arms, and with a dense fog in the place where their brains ought to be. In this century, of course, they will be working on guided missiles and advising the medical profession on the control of disease, and there is no limit to the extent to which they could impede every sort of national effort."

          Fisher, R N (1958). "The Nature of Probability". Centennial Review 2: 261–274.

  11. Amazing! by illestov · · Score: 1

    This is the best news i have gotten in a while!! I can't believe there is now a cure for .. ummm let me read the article again

    1. Re:Amazing! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What did you think the second time you read the article?

  12. This will be us in.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    40 years? 20 years? 10?

    So we'd better encourage them to move it out of the lab and into trials fast....

  13. I wonder whether... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...Terry Pratchett's big research donation had anything to do with this...

    If so, it's one more reason to be grateful for him...

  14. Re:Too bad the Republicans will never allow... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You have no insight whatsoever. If a Republican can make money on it, it will be available. Now, getting Medicare to pay for it, that's a completely different issue.

  15. You know by rsilvergun · · Score: 0

    I enjoy a good libtard troll as much as the next /.er, but you need to try harder. Don't just come out say "Republican's bad!". You've got to go about it indirectly. Try this next time:

    This looks great, but the insurance companies have been blocking advanced treatments like this for years because they don't want to pay for it. Maybe we'll see it in Europe or the UK with the NHS, but here in the States nobody will want to pay for it.

    --
    Hi! I make Firefox Plug-ins. Check 'em out @ https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/youtube-mp3-podcaster/
  16. Phased Beam Array Headphones - MultiPhonic by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Finally I can picture a real use for that Brainiac Cap from Superman.

    Phase Beam Arrays are used all over to direct minute synchronized impulses from different directions that sync up in "phase" at their target Zone and use Resonance to become more than the sum of their parts.. to deliver significant amounts of insignificant energy which pass harmlessly through surrounding tissues.

    The Inverse using Sensors or Microphones can "Synthesize" a more accurate or sensitive instrument than can be actually deployed or physically built.

    Synthetic Apeture Telescopgraphy or Radar are commonly used.. the concept is also used with Gravitational Lensing to deconform images from distant stars.

    Pion stars using Muons were used to deliver radiation for cancer treatment at one time.. but since this is acoustic.. and more chemical rather than nucleonic in nature far more targeted.

  17. More like Doc Brown and His Brainwave Hat by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    .. Ok.. then there's the "sucker" that goes on Marty's head .. All the better to suck those memories to the Surface Einstein?

  18. greenwow is drunk again... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...it is the way of his kind

  19. I'm sorry by tomhath · · Score: 1

    What was this article about again?

    1. Re:I'm sorry by Greyfox · · Score: 1

      Mental floss

      --

      I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

  20. Slashdot reports on an obscure mice experiment... by Wdi · · Score: 1

    while there is right now a really promising result from Biogen, in clinical trials on humans:

    http://www.cnbc.com/id/102521170

    THAT is news. Not some un-vetted academic work, interesting as it might be, which will need at least 10 more years of experimentation before human trials, if this approach does not die before (at least 98% probability, but of course I wish the researchers luck).

    I think Slashdot needs more expertise in selecting science stories.

  21. Obligatory P&TB by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "YES!!!!! I have successfully tricked the humans into leaving a bunch of ultrasonic equipment near our cage!"
    "So what are we doing tonight, Brain?"
    "Same thing we do every night, Pinky - using ultrasonics to take over the world!"

  22. Re:Slashdot reports on an obscure mice experiment. by sonamchauhan · · Score: 1

    Well, Biogen's drug may have its place but it isn't exactly a Speedy Gonzales, and its side-effects include brain swelling.

    http://www.forbes.com/sites/ma...
    "Wall Street analysts predict could get the drug to market by 2020"

    Also, this research is more elegant - it uses your blood's own cleanup cells to fight the plaques, versus injecting you with a foreign antibody like Biogen's does.

  23. Re:Slashdot reports on an obscure mice experiment. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Do you know where, if possible, to find the data on this? I only found this press release which does not report error bars, etc (just means and p-values):
    http://www.biogenidec.com/press_release_details.aspx?ID=14712&Action=1&NewsId=2486&M=NewsV2&PID=61997

    It all depends who is doing the vetting.

  24. Re:Relates to Systemd by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Very funny. I guess forgetting log messages, exit statuses, and stderr is Alzheimer-like.

  25. amazing by CryoKeen · · Score: 1

    This is potentially an amazing breakthrough! Let's hope it does scale up safely for human trails.

  26. Brain blood barrier by manu0601 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The brain blood barrier is not just a fence against bacterias (evolution would have gave us blood barriers for other critical organs). It is also there to prevent neurotransmitters to leak or to break in.

    For instance, eating dopamine does not increase dopamine in the brain. If you want to increase dopamine, you can either take a drug that prevent it from being cleared, or eat a precursor that can cross the barrier like Tyrosine, or closer, L-dopa, but here the brain remain capable to regulate dopamine increase.

  27. Vernor Vinge's "Rainbow's End" by billstewart · · Score: 1

    There's starting to be some interesting science fiction about the problems of what happens when we can cure Alzheimer's.

    And I suspect Sir Terry Pratchett would have volunteered to try this if they'd announced it a few months earlier.

    --

    Bill Stewart
    New Fast-Compression-only CPR http://preview.tinyurl.com/dy575ks
  28. (Ultra)sounds like brainwashing to me by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I for one would'nt mind a bit of cleaning up there.

  29. What Frequency? Knock 'em On the Head! Football? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In the absence of detailed information, one technique would be to use a "spike" or infinite-impulse Dirac function, which contains equal magnitude of all frequencies.

    Thus I've not infrequently found that popping someone upside the head was all that was needed to restore them to clear thinking. This only proves my belief.

    So maybe the cure for Alzheimer's is to let the oldies play tackle football.

  30. Good news... by gweihir · · Score: 1

    This is one of the first things that promise to be effective. Of course, it will still take a decade or so to be safe, but given the tremendous loss Alzheimer patients face, even significant risk would be worth it.

    --
    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  31. Good News by Udom · · Score: 1

    "clears the brain of neurotoxic amyloid plaques...". On autopsy, some alzheimers patients have been seen to have had no amyloid plaque while others who had no symptoms of alzheimers had large amounts of amyloid plaque... The brain produces it's own insulin and the high levels of fructose and related sugars in western diets result in Type 3 diabetes. Fructose is to alzheimers now as smoking was to lung cancer in the 20th century... But there's another important contributing factor, which is how the brain creates and maintains memory. Memories that no longer have importance are deleted. When you warehouse elderly people, drug them, take away all decisions and responsibilities and isolate them from their families they have nothing left to care about. Combine social isolation with fructose induced Type 3 diabetes and you have an alzheimers epidemic.

  32. I can't be the only one curious... by forbin_meet_hal · · Score: 1

    a maze, a test to get them to recognise new objects, and one to get them to remember the places they should avoid.

    I really, really want to see that third test.