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First Human Colonies Should Be Among Venus' Clouds

StartsWithABang writes: When we talk about humans existing on worlds other than Earth, the first choice of a planet to do so on is usually Mars, a world that may have been extremely Earth-like for the first billion years of our Solar System or so. Perhaps, with enough ingenuity and resources, we could terraform it to be more like Earth is today. But the most Earth-like conditions in the Solar System don't occur on the surface of Mars, but rather in the high altitudes of Venus' atmosphere, some 50-65 km up. Despite its harsh conditions, this may be the best location for the first human colonies, for a myriad of good, scientific reasons. NASA proposed something similar last year and released a report on the subject.

256 comments

  1. Really ? by Crashmarik · · Score: 4, Interesting

    When you think of space colonization, you very likely think of the important things that humans need for life:
            water,
            sunlight,
            the right temperatures,
            sources of food,
            sources of energy,
            and the ability to create or exist in a self-sustaining ecosystem.

    Well not having an atmosphere that consists of 900 degree sulfuric acid also comes to mind.

    At least with the moon or mars you aren't quite that dependent on active no fail technology to keep you alive.

    1. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Yes, that Venus. The one where, at its surface, the one with a constant surface temperature—day or night—of 465C (870 F), hot enough to spontaneously combust most living matter; hot enough so that the longest any spacecraft functioned on the surface was mere seconds

      The writer of the article doesn't know what he's talking about. All of the Venera probes that reached the surface of Venus lasted an hour or more.

      That is common knowledge and something I remember learning in grade school. So what else is this guy wrong about?

    2. Re:Really ? by tlolczyk · · Score: 0

      Well high enough in the atmosphere it will be at a better temperature. Still a lot of nasties in it though.

    3. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The atmosphere is much cooler 50 km up - between freezing and boiling (a little warm where pressure is 1 Earth atm, better if we're willing to go higher).

    4. Re:Really ? by Crashmarik · · Score: 2

      IIRC correctly ours managed to last a fair amount of time as well.
      Hughes Aerospace even claimed an export credit for some of the parts. (Yes conniving on the intent of laws is not a new sport)

    5. Re:Really ? by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You also don't have to worry as much about massive storms with 300km/h winds. I don't know about you, but I'm not sure I'd want to be hanging out in a large zeppelin when a wind like that nailed me.

      --
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    6. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, like how to get water. The amount of water vapour in the Venus's atmosphere is minuscule, much less than here on Earth (about 200 times less). If we can't even realistically harvest water vapour from our own atmosphere to drink and grow food, how the hell would it work on Venus?

      Then how about the large amount of space needed for farming? Or where would we get air from?

    7. Re:Really ? by Hognoxious · · Score: 2

      He has a ridiculous beard, shaves his head and paints himself blue. What qualifications in astronomy do YOU have, muggle?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    8. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So he's balding, is trying to overcompensate by growing a large beard and seeks attention by altering his colour. Sounds like a typical mid-life crisis. What next, is he going to go buy a Harley?

    9. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We could very easily harvest water vapour from our own atmosphere, we don't generally bother because rain exists. An offworld colony would be trying to support thousands of people, not billions.

    10. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) can be split into H2O, SO2 and oxygen. Or H2O, S, and even more oxygen.

    11. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      BS or they'd be doing it for drought stricken places. About the best that is financially feasible are solar stills, but those don't produce very much water. Certainly not enough to support an entire colony.

    12. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are 3,600 seconds in an hour, so technically lasting an hour is lasting several seconds - 3,600 of them in fact.

    13. Re:Really ? by preaction · · Score: 2

      It's still a matter of scale. At scale, it's cheaper to ship water around than it is to collect it from the atmosphere. The scale of an offworld colony will be miniscule by comparison.

    14. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except he said "mere seconds".

    15. Re: Really ? by Lando17 · · Score: 1

      The moon has no atmosphere. Mar's atmosphere is ~1/10th the pressure of earth's, and fluctuates between -250F and 150F. Earth is the only "self-sustaining" planet known to man.

    16. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not for much longer

    17. Re: Really ? by Chas · · Score: 1

      Yes. And how much energy is expended in doing so?
      And how much deterioration of the mechanism happens over time due to long term exposure to sulfuric acid?

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    18. Re: Really ? by Lando17 · · Score: 2

      The zeppelin would not be "hit" by the wind because it would not be anchored to anything. Rather, it would move along with the wind. Turbulence (akin to airplane turbulence) would be the only concern.

    19. Re:Really ? by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      No, some of the Soviet Venus probe lasted more than an hour, some less https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    20. Re: Really ? by blue9steel · · Score: 0

      Fixing that is merely a matter of engineering and resources, we already have the science.

    21. Re: Really ? by Crashmarik · · Score: 1

      The point is that not having an atmosphere is better than having an atmosphere that is out to kill you.

      If you are on the Moon or Mars presumably you are going to be building underground, so even if your pressure walls blow out, you have some safety margin.

    22. Re: Really ? by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      For biological purposes, Mars is a vacuum, not 1/10th that of Earth. http://www.wolframalpha.com/in...

    23. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Learn to read.

      All of the Venera probes that reached the surface of Venus lasted an hour or more.

      See that? Now let's take a look, shall we?

      Venera 1 failed before reaching Venus.
      Venera 2 failed after leaving Earth orbit.
      Venera 3 failed upon entering Venus's atmosphere and crashed into the surface.
      Venera 4 failed inside Venus's atmosphere and crashed into the surface.
      Venera 5 survived 53 minutes floating in the atmosphere and died because it ran out of battery. It did not make it to the surface intact.
      Venera 6 survived 51 minutes floating in the atmosphere and died because it ran out of battery. It did not make it to the surface intact.
      Venera 7 had a parachute failure and crashed into the surface.
      Venera 8 made it to the surface and survived for an hour.
      Venera 9 operated for at least 53 minutes and took pictures with one of two cameras; the other lens cap did not release.
      Venera 10 operated for at least 65 minutes and took pictures with one of two cameras; the other lens cap did not release.
      Venera 11 operated for at least 95 minutes but neither camera's lens cap released.
      Venera 12 operated for at least 110 minutes but neither camera's lens cap released.
      Venera 13 survived for 127 minutes.
      Venera 14 survived for for 57 minutes,
      Venera 15 was an orbiter so it never went to the surface.
      Venera 16 was an orbiter so it never went to the surface.

      Nothing you linked contradicts what was stated.

    24. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The scale of an offworld colony will be miniscule by comparison.

      And so is the amount of water vapour present in Venus's atmosphere, unless you intend to have moisture scoops that constantly circle the planet in all directions trying to get that 0.002% of water present.

      We have small villages here on Earth that don't have enough clean water, yet there is far more water content in our atmosphere.

    25. Re:Really ? by reboot246 · · Score: 1

      Those "nasties" in the upper atmosphere would be enough to destroy the solar cells he'd need for energy, and how long would his 1" thick steel hull last when it came into contact with "clouds of the noxious material"?

    26. Re: Really ? by Pharmboy · · Score: 2

      That assumes the winds are perfectly linear and even fairly constant, which of course, is impossible on a sphere.

      --
      Tequila: It's not just for breakfast anymore!
    27. Re: Really ? by Pharmboy · · Score: 2

      No, we don't. If you don't have the water, or at least the hydrogen and oxygen, you don't have a large body of water to moderate the temperature and host cyanobacteria to create oxygen, which takes hundreds of thousands to millions of years, assuming you have enough bound oxygen to begin with. We don't have the technology. We can't even filter out a little carbon dioxide in our own atmosphere.

      --
      Tequila: It's not just for breakfast anymore!
    28. Re:Really ? by HiThere · · Score: 1

      You need to plate it with teflon.

      What bothers me is the idea of that being a colony rather than just an outpost. Where to you get metals? Can you split the CO2 into C + O2 and than use the C for bulk fabrication? It seems as if graphene can be either conductive or insulating, and nanotubes are pretty strong, but now we're talking about a rather extensive fabrication facility just in the initial set-up.

      I consider asteroids a much more reasonable habitat. (I'm not sure that Mars is a good choice, but it sure sounds better than Venus.)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    29. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean this Venus Probe? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TUTuEaorHw

    30. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We can't even filter out a little carbon dioxide in our own atmosphere.

      Well we _can_, it's just relatively too expensive at present.

    31. Re:Really ? by tnk1 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The atmosphere does have 900 degree sulfuric acid at the surface and just above. It also has a surface pressure like being a mile underwater. Carbon dioxide is actually a fluid at that pressure, not a gas.

      However at the altitude where the atmospheric pressure is like Earth's, it's not actually livable by itself, but it it isn't a hellish, crushing inferno either. It may well offer advantages over Mars. Having gravity be Earth-similar is important for long term habitation. More of an atmosphere to deal with radiation without having to bore into the surface is pretty useful as well.

      More to the point, you don't have to have a fragile balloon or something to keep the settlement up there. Venus is made up of a lot more CO2 by far than Earth is. Carbon Dioxide is heavier than either Nitrogen or Oxygen. Your settlement's air supply would literally be your flotation gas. The only "no fail" tech you would need, would be the same no fail tech you'd need to live on Mars. And with significant CO2, you have a much more ready supply of something that can be turned into Oxygen with scrubbers than you would on a comparatively airless Mars.

    32. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nothing you linked contradicts what was stated.

      Huh? "Venera 9 operated for at least 53 minutes ... Venera 14 survived for for 57 minutes" That's not an hour or more that's the "some less" AC wrote about.

    33. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why not take a look at what actually exists in the world right now rather than just speculating? Take a look at, for example, skywater. You can buy yourself a water cooler that pulls water right out of the air right now. They have units that can produce hundreds of gallons a day. Hundreds of gallons a day wouldn't scratch the surface of what most drought-stricken places require, of course, but it's enough for hundreds (or potentially thousands) of people to get enough to drink.

      As for supporting an entire colony, it wouldn't have to. It would just have to produce enough input water to keep up with losses after the total water supply has been grown to a sufficient level. The rest of the water needs can be extracted from wastes.

      Of course, it's not clear how much water is directly available from the atmosphere of Venus at those altitudes. Of course, it's easily produced just by heating sulfuric acid, and that should be available.

    34. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      And how much deterioration of the mechanism happens over time due to long term exposure to sulfuric acid?

      Because we all know that real-world sulfuric acid works like alien blood from _Aliens_ and there are no real-world materials that are basically completely immune to its caustic effects.

    35. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only if you're a complete loser. I suppose if someone said they were going camping in a week, you'd say "nuh uh, you're going in only 6 days, 23 hours, 37 minutes and 12 seconds.

      53 minutes is an hour for all intents and purposes and most people recognise that. It's called a "colloquialism".

    36. Re: Really ? by techno-vampire · · Score: 1

      The moon has no atmosphere.

      I remember, almost thirty years ago, running across a book with that title. It was the story of a girl (about fourteen, I think) whose family relocated to a lunar colony because her father got a good job up there. The title is a bit of a play on words, of course, but both meanings were appropriate and it wasn't a bad book.

      --
      Good, inexpensive web hosting
    37. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why not take a look at what actually exists in the world right now rather than just speculating? Take a look at, for example, skywater [islandsky.com]. You can buy yourself a water cooler that pulls water right out of the air right now. They have units that can produce hundreds of gallons a day.

      If you think you're going to get that much water out of the air with a dehumidifier, let alone on Venus with 1/200th the atmospheric water as on Earth, then you're on crack.

      If you'd bothered looking, you'd also see that this company and product are frauds. There is no place to buy them and zero reviews by anyone on either "Skywater" or "Island Sky Corporation".

    38. Re: Really ? by oobayly · · Score: 2

      It'll be self sustaining for a long time yet. Maybe just not for homo sapiens.

    39. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      [[Carbon dioxide is actually a fluid at that pressure, not a gas.]] I think you meant "liquid" instead of "fluid", here. Liquid and gas are both fluids.

    40. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      All of the Venera probes that reached the surface of Venus lasted an hour or more

      Venera 14 survived for for 57 minutes,

      Nothing you linked contradicts what was stated.

      Interesting.

    41. Re: Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      At 870 degrees F I don't think energy will be a problem.

    42. Re:Really ? by Maritz · · Score: 1

      It's cooler 65k up where he's talking about. And most of the sulfuric acid haze is below that.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    43. Re:Really ? by Maritz · · Score: 1

      You can make water from sulfuric acid pretty easily. Probably by mixing it with something basic like sodium hydroxide.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    44. Re: Really ? by delt0r · · Score: 1

      You may want to look up Venus weather patterns. It is quite possible on sphere.

      --
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    45. Re: Really ? by delt0r · · Score: 1

      Were does this bullshit come from? What you think we are going to be Venus in a 100 years. Get off the koolaid dude and whatever your putting in it.

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    46. Re:Really ? by delt0r · · Score: 1

      At those temperatures its a gas. It is over the critical pressure/temp so its just gas...

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    47. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      53 minutes is an hour for all intents and purposes

      Except accurate time keeping.

    48. Re:Really ? by sabbede · · Score: 1

      That atmosphere can be changed. CO2 -> C+O2 is easy if you have cyanobacteria and sunlight. Throw in some sulphur eating bacteria, and wait. It wouldn't smell all that great, but it could work.

    49. Re: Really ? by Maritz · · Score: 1

      It'll be fine. We and many animals won't, but that's not a factor for the biosphere over tens or hundreds of millions of years. Lots of new niches for species to diversify into.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    50. Re: Really ? by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      We can't even filter out a little carbon dioxide in our own atmosphere.

      Well we _can_, it's just relatively too expensive at present.

      I think "impossibly expensive" would be more accurate.

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
    51. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But how are we going to get our Bespin cloud cities without colonizing Venus?

    52. Re: Really ? by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      I didn't hear a science problem anywhere in your rebuttal. Sure, it would be a huge, expensive, long term project, but there is no science reason it can't be done. For water we could easily drop comets on it till we achieve the appropriate amount of water. Natural cyanobacteria would indeed take a long time but it does work, genetically engineered ones could do it a lot faster. FYI, we can filter carbon dioxide out of our atmosphere, it's just not cost effective to do that rather than just reducing emissions.

    53. Re: Really ? by KGIII · · Score: 1

      He also said "on the surface" which makes me think he might be correct? I seem to recall that they managed to survive the long decent through the atmosphere and then get crushed at or near the surface. I am too lazy to check it. I seem to recall the Russians did not do as well. Clarke's Venus Prime series, awful too as I recall, had people living on Venus. I seem to recall that they did not live on the surface either but I have a really fuzzy number of years in there so that memory is potentially wrong too.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    54. Re:Really ? by Rakarra · · Score: 1

      Another colloquialism: Close only counts with horseshoes and hand grenades. :-)

    55. Re:Really ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "'If I Remember Correctly' correctly"? Almost as bad as "ATM Machine" >

    56. Re:Really ? by RockDoctor · · Score: 1
      Vacuum is pretty nasty.

      Pressure differentials do nasty things to seals. Particularly with nasty chemicals around.

      Getting the floating level correct may give a reasonable environment. Multiple floatation bags - hydrogen being OK in an oxygen-free atmosphere - provide plenty of redundancy. It'd be fun trying to land the first few rockets to start building the base.

      Occupy the base with a plant (machine, or biological) that turns CO2 + water into carbon dust and plastics construction material, and that you can von Neumann your way to habitability in a relatively short period of time.

      Terraforming Venus has always struck me as being a more approachable tactic than terraforming Mars. The big question would be - is there enough water? And with 90-odd bar of atmosphere to work with, you can throw dirty snowballs at it with the fair expectation that they'll not blow back into space.

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
    57. Re:Really ? by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      You should learn to read, and tell time. An hour is 60 minutes. You are a moron.

  2. Venus and Freedom! by rightwingLeftist · · Score: 0

    a lot of weird creatures live in damp and misty swamps of venus...or so I have read

    --
    posting at http://leftistconservative.blogspot.com
    1. Re:Venus and Freedom! by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 1

      The Venusian women are much sexier than Earth women... or so I read.

  3. Atomospheric toxins. by tlolczyk · · Score: 0

    Aren't there toxins in the atmosphere, such as methane and formaldehyde ( to name just two ) that make it problematic?

    1. Re:Atomospheric toxins. by beelsebob · · Score: 1

      Yes, but Mars has toxins like no air in the atmosphere.

      On both planets, if you stick your head out the window, you're going to die. On one of them though, you have ready sources of water etc.

    2. Re:Atomospheric toxins. by ChrisMaple · · Score: 5, Funny

      On Venus, no need to stick your head out the window into the atmosphere. The atmosphere will eat through the walls and into you.

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    3. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sulfuric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals. We have loads of experience with materials that can withstand it.

    4. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Place large, thick glass domes on the surface of Venus. Would be impervious to the acid and could withstand the atmospheric pressure.

    5. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Chas · · Score: 1

      Place large, thick glass domes on the surface of Venus. Would be impervious to the acid and could withstand the atmospheric pressure.

      Not at 900 degrees they wouldn't!

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    6. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by rubycodez · · Score: 2

      Sure 16 cm of borosilicate glass could do the job of holding back 1300 PSI but where is the air conditioner going to dump the heat? And people will go outside through a "lock" in a "suit" to do what on plains of hardened lava? That's a weird kind of hot loving robot's job, exploring the surface of venus.

    7. Re:Atomospheric toxins. by amicusNYCL · · Score: 1

      Yes, but Mars has toxins like no air in the atmosphere.

      I'm having trouble with that sentence. Are you defining "no air" as a toxin? Because, if so, you don't know what a toxin is.

      On one of them though, you have ready sources of water etc.

      I like that "etc". Yes, on Venus you ready sources of water, "et cetera". Ready sources of atmospheric sulphuric acid, ready sources of carbon dioxide, ready sources of ridiculous atmospheric pressure (densest atmosphere), ready sources of extreme heat (hottest planet), ready sources of constant hurricane-force winds, ready sources of organic life sterilization, ready sources of a surface resembling classic descriptions of Hell, you know, "et cetera". Also, in the same sense as "no air" is a toxin, Venus also has a ready source of no magnetic field and a ready source of no carbon cycle.

      --
      "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
    8. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by amicusNYCL · · Score: 1

      How about large, thick glass domes on the surface of Mars? Then you only need to worry about things going on inside the domes instead of outside. Venus still has volcanoes, you know. And those constant hurricane-force winds, combined with surface particulates like sand, have a certain effect on glass that you might not be too thrilled about.

      --
      "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
    9. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by currently_awake · · Score: 1

      Venus is an ideal planet for terraforming. Just purge the toxins from the atmosphere and drop the pressure a bit and you've got a really nice place. This living in a balloon? Your resource usage (mostly energy) is going to be rather high.

    10. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you kidding me? Glass has a melting point of over 3000 degrees Fahrenheit. It could easily withstand the surface temperature on Venus.

    11. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      where is the air conditioner going to dump the heat

      Long tubes that rise up 50km.

    12. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh, I absolutely agree. Just saying if you wanted to set up some kind of installation on Venus, it could probably be done.

    13. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And vacuum gapped domes.

    14. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Ramze · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I wish there were an easy way to do that. No one seems to have a workable solution.

      My proposal would be to build a reflective artificial ring around the planet to divert the sunlight away and help Venus cool off enough to where we can work on the chemistry issue. The ring would be a sort of shield -- one we could even expand and contract to regulate the cooling and stabilize at a comfortable temperature.

      Venus's atmosphere has a lot of CO2 and sulfuric acid we'd have to find a way to chemically alter and/or store.

      The other thing people forget about Venus is that it rotates retrograde -- a year on Venus is 225 days ( no big deal), but a day on Venus is almost 117 Earth days. Any base would have to take into account the lack of sunlight for months at a time - so, something to augment solar panels and any crops need to adjust to the odd seasonality or be grown indoors. I suppose the same reflective ring could be used to reflect some light to the dark side of the planet to help with that issue.

      Eh, it's nice to think about, but we'll never approve the resources to build a planet-wide ring around Venus. We barely support a tiny international space station as it is.

    15. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by garyebickford · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I had an idea a while back, that actually relates to TFA. Genetically engineered bacteria or simple organisms that could float and live in the Venusian atmosphere and gradually begin to 'fix' the sulfides and whatever - maybe pooping out metallic sulfur. For the first long while, they would be working at the top of the atmosphere. Their poop would drift down and re-vaporize (absorbing energy and lowering the temperature). When they died, they would drift down into deeper layers and get to the point where their bodies would be heated back up to the point where the materials would be turned back into gas. But as they became more populous, gradually they would reduce the amount of solar energy (especially if their bodies were reflective), and the temperature. Eventually the might be able to reduce the temperature to the point where their poop, or that of their successors, would fall to the surface, permanently eliminating the sulfides from the air.

      --
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    16. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by tsotha · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure Venus is very ideal for terraforming. You have to make assumptions like 1) we develop a bacteria that absorbs sunlight and splits CO2 into C and O2, 2) that bacteria is 100% efficient, and 3) We have 3000 years to wait.

    17. Re:Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm having trouble with that sentence. Are you defining "no air" as a toxin? Because, if so, you don't know what a toxin is.

      To be fair, environuts are trying to get the EPA to classify CO2 as a toxin so the definition will probably change to "anything I don't like" shortly.

    18. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Venus's atmosphere has a lot of CO2 and sulfuric acid we'd have to find a way to chemically alter and/or store.

      Like say, plants?

      I know getting plants to survive on Venus isn't easy, but we should be able to find some sort of acheobacteria that is suitable.

    19. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Maritz · · Score: 1

      One of Arthur C Clarke's books - I think it was the last Odyssey one - featured people slinging comets from the kuiper belt towards Venus. No idea how realistic that is, but they were expecting it to take centuries or even millennia, can't quite remember now. I imagine the impacts and ejecta from the impacts would have all sorts of effects on the surface.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    20. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by Chas · · Score: 1

      No I'm not kidding.

      Sure, glass doesn't need to be brought to melting point to be weakened though.

      Glass starts to become malleable around 580C or so.
      This is still above the surface temperature of Venus. But I'm still not convinced that, long term, such a construct would retain structural integrity.

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    21. Re: Atomospheric toxins. by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      maybe something could survive in the high atmosphere that could then work its way down as change progressed. Really this might even be within our current grasp, sending the probes to distribute the stuff is a solved problem. Phase two would be for the future, of diverting comets to rain down some water (pun intended) on the place. And there's no worry of screwing up a planet as there might be in say Mar's or certain gas giant moon cases; Venus is as screwed already as can get

  4. Huge waste of Resourses by Stan92057 · · Score: 1

    Ya moving to the closest planet to the sun being the first planet to get eaten by our sun when it expands and their is no question that will happen, is a great idea..Not. . Might make a great Movie plot though.

    --
    Jack of all trades,master of none
    1. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Mercury is the closest planet to the sun.

    2. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Ya moving to the closest planet to the sun

      That's Mercury, not Venus you moron. Another fact you might have missed, ditching high school, is that Venus has surface temperatures that exceed the sun-side of Mercury.

    3. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Glarimore · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Ya moving to the closest planet to the sun being the first planet to get eaten by our sun when it expands and their is no question that will happen, is a great idea..Not.

      The timescale required to move to another planet at our current rate of technological advancement is trivial compared to the length of time that will pass before the sun expands to a diameter that would significantly affect temperatures on the planets in the solar system -- let alone "eat" them.

      Even if it took us one hundred thousand years to settle Venus, the sun would have barely changed in that time frame.

    4. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We've got about one billion years before we have to start worrying about any of that. There are much more immediate threats to the survival of the human race than solar expansion.

      Basically, we'll cross that bridge IF we arrive at it.

    5. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Venus is not the closest planet to the sun, that's Mercury. It is, however, the closet planet to Earth. It's also easier to get there than it is to get to Mars (gravity well). Getting back would be comparatively hard.

    6. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Neither is Venus the closet planet nor is the sun expanding in the near future ...

      Also: the time difference between Merkur (first planet!), Venus, Earth and Mars eaten by the red giant our sun will become at some point in time is: insignificant.

      It s mere minutes ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    7. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "our current rate of technological advancement "

      Um, we still fly planes built 50 years ago. Most of "advancement" is in the form of information processing. Sorry, your dreams are a no-go.

      No one is moving to another planet. Ever.

    8. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by mrsquid0 · · Score: 1

      The time scale for the Sun expanding after the core hydrogen runs out is about 2 billion years, most of that will occur in the last 100 million years or so. Any people (or whatever) living on each of the inner planets will have plenty of time to see the Sun coming to get them.

      --
      Just because you are paranoid does not mean that no-one is out to get you.
    9. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ..and evolution works far faster than that, there won't be a "we" in a million years. Why are you planning for this?

    10. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Nevertheless the time difference between killing all life on Venus and later Earth and later Mars is just a few 100,000 years if not a few centuries at max.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    11. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Reading and comprehension aren't your strong points, are they?

      We've got about one billion years before we have to start worrying about any of that. There are much more immediate threats to the survival of the human race than solar expansion.

      Basically, we'll cross that bridge IF we arrive at it.

    12. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The inner planets will become uninhabitable in about 1 billion years due to increasing temperatures. Mars might be far out enough to live on though.

    13. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by CSMoran · · Score: 2

      Excellent job extrapolating from 50 to infinity. Malthus would be proud.

      --
      Every end has half a stick.
    14. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1
      Most advances in aerospace are due to advances in IT tech. The hypersonic jet would be 100% impossible to build without massive amounts of supercomputer time. There are dozens of chemical reactions that take place between when air enters the intake and exits out the rear with molecules forming, breaking down, reforming etc, all giving up and absorbing energy in different directions, pressures, shockwaves, etc.

      A phd engineer friend at NASA used to tell me to wait until we got to 10^18th flops/sec to see really neat stuff being done because you could effectively simulate turbulence (his estimation and he was high up in their aerodynamics division, so likely had some educated rational for this belief).

    15. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Last I'd heard on the subject, the sun's normal energy output will be hot enough to boil all the water off Earth's surface in ~900MY. If we haven't wiped ourselves out sooner, and whatever we've evolved into hasn't figured out the solution well before then, we're probably finished as a species well before 1GY comes by...

      -AC

    16. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ..and evolution works far faster than that, there won't be a "we" in a million years

      I'm curious about this. The driving factor in natural (i.e. Darwinian, "survival-of-the-fittest") evolution is the absence / presence of traits that aid in a species survivability to the age of reproduction and, with modern medical technology, most of the things which would drive evolutionary change in our species have been resolved. As a result, I'm not sure that our species will "evolve" naturally at and beyond this level of technology. In fact, as medical technology increases, it seems reasonable that natural (Darwinian) evolution will invariably be curtailed if not eliminated entirely.

      Whatever happens with adaptation selected-for by some other means remains an open book, but I would be curious to hear others opinions on whether or not those elements of our species with access to modern medicine will continue to experience Darwinian evolution going forward...

      -AC

    17. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Every Space Nutter thinks he can extrapolate thousands of years into the future for the whole Species. I do it and it's bad?

    18. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So who is this "we" Oh Mighty God of Comprehension?

    19. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Stan92057 · · Score: 1

      Ya brain fart but still wasted resources

      --
      Jack of all trades,master of none
    20. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Stan92057 · · Score: 1

      I think life will be long gone or very few alive. I'm no scientist but i would think getting closer to the sun by a hundred thousand miles would be more then enough to over heat the earth. Im sure someone here is smart enough to figure just how much it needs to expand im betting not very much at all. At any rate i will be long dead unless an asteroid hits before i die lol

      --
      Jack of all trades,master of none
    21. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the sun's normal energy output will be hot enough to boil all the water off Earth's surface in ~900MY

      Incorrect. 1 billion years is the currently accepted estimate.

    22. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      I recall not that many years ago when the prospect of a teraflop processor was science fiction. That was about 1992. A year or two before that I worked on some photometrically-correct ray tracing code, porting it to the Cray X/MP. That code took a month to make one 1024x1024 frame on the top-end Apollo workstation, and a few minutes to run on the Cray. It could probably run at close to 30Hz on my phone today, and today's supercomputers are in the 30+ petaflop range, i.e. 3x10^16.

      So we're getting close - theoretically, if all of the top 100 supercomputers got together, the group performance would be in the 10^19 range. :) Actually that's not a bad idea - the powers that be could work a deal for all of them to work together for one week per year on the same problem, and the research time could be allocated the way that telescope time is allocated according to accepted/agreed value of a particular project.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    23. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You were exposed as the idiot that you are. Try going back to school.

    24. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Once you can run good enough simulations on your computer, they can get rid of expensive and time consuming wind tunnel experiments that takes a few hours to set up and cost tens of thousands of dollars. One could make a hundred runs in a day all with slightly tweaked parameters that would take weeks in real life.

      One of the interesting things that he told me about was the ability to iterate over all possible designs, then the engineer is not designing anything but rather picking the design that most closely meets the requirements.

    25. Re: Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually no. It's half a billion years before increased luminosity disrupts photosynthesys, killing off all plant life and, as a consequence, animal life as well. Think of that: in 500'000'000 years it will all be over: a silent, lifeless barren world. Mankind will have been extinct a long time of course. And yes, all those millennia of strife will have been for nothing. They were a mere blip on the Universe's timescale anyway. So much for a bunch of hairless apes who fancied themselves kings of the cosmos, hunh?

    26. Re: Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Everything you do is bad. Because child porn.

    27. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by animaal · · Score: 1

      Evolution doesn't always work like that. One of the drivers for evolution can be the perceived attractiveness of a trait. For example, the males of the Irish Elk developed oversized antlers. These would have been more a hinderance than a help to the survival of the species. However, presumably the preferences of the females outweighed any disadvantages. For a while at least...

      The same could happen with humans. If an inherited trait is desirable over a prolonged period, its presence in the population can grow. Or an undesirable trait can become less prominent.

    28. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      Excellent job extrapolating from 50 to infinity. Malthus would be proud.

      It's no worse than extrapolating Moore's Law into "we'll have AI in thirty years time because the computing power available will dwarf the sum of all the puny human brains".

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
    29. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Maritz · · Score: 1

      The Sun won't turn into a red giant for several billion years. It's not a pressing problem. Oh yes, and Mercury not Venus.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    30. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Maritz · · Score: 1

      It will get significantly hotter long before it increases in size. The biosphere on Earth might well adapt to the higher temperatures, as it has been doing for several billion years already (the sun today is hotter than it was a couple of billion years ago).

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    31. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Maritz · · Score: 1

      Congrats on being second only to APK in terms of ACs who are immediately identifiable by incessantly spouting the same shit.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    32. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Maritz · · Score: 1

      Natural Selection is not operating on us anymore. We are evolving, of course, genes are still being mixed and survival is still non-random. But it isn't evolution in the traditional sense.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    33. Re: Huge waste of Resourses by Maritz · · Score: 1

      We could yet have a successor or multiple successors. They could potentially fare better than us, if they are intelligent, for example. Even our current level of intelligence would be decent if we didn't have to keep re-inventing the wheel, and if they didn't have our cognitive biases.

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    34. Re: Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Get rid of wind tunnels? Are you crazy? Have you ever locked up someone into a wind tunnel and turned it on? It's awesome!

    35. Re: Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But more probably not. We should stop thinking of ourselves as the apex of evolution and more as a cul-de-sac of it. We won't make it to 2 million years of existence, and since we're running out of "free" energy and renewables just don't cut it, say goodbye to the technological age. The future is a return first to subsistence farming, and then gradually back to hunter-gatherer. Man will have eventually lived most of its existence as a savage than as a scientifically-advanced species. But this is the sad reality.

    36. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Rakarra · · Score: 1

      It's no worse than extrapolating Moore's Law into "we'll have AI in thirty years time because the computing power available will dwarf the sum of all the puny human brains".

      Sadly, Moore lived to see the end of the law named after him.

    37. Re:Huge waste of Resourses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd say the huge waste of resources was that which was spent on your education. It obviously hasn't worked.

  5. Incredibly farfetched by Spy+Handler · · Score: 4, Insightful

    From TFA:

    build a 1" thick hull out of steel in our desired shape,
    fill it with the same gases at the same temperatures and pressures in Earth's atmosphere,
    and let that baby loose on Venus.

    I'm no aerodynamicist, but common sense tells me that the volume of your balloon city will have to be very large and the amount of 1" thick steel you need to bring from Earth will be so massive, most Mars colony proposals will seem lightweight in comparison. Might as well just go to Mars.

    1. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Glarimore · · Score: 1

      Why does it have to be very large? Genuinely curious, because I can't think of any physical/mobility reasons -- just ones linked to space requirements for supporting the growing of food, generating power, cleaning water, etc.

    2. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      just ones linked to space requirements for supporting the growing of food, generating power, cleaning water, etc.

      Yeah, because those things aren't important for an off world human colony.

    3. Re:Incredibly farfetched by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 4, Informative

      Erm ???

      It must be very very large so it can "float" in the high pressure atmosphere of Venus like a ship floats on the seas of Earth.

      That was actually a no brainer :-/

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    4. Re:Incredibly farfetched by CanadianMacFan · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The ISS has a mass of approximately 417,000 kg and it's made of comparatively light materials when you are talking about building something out of 1" steel. And that is only made for six people living in a pretty cramped lifestyle. Do you really expect a human colony to exist of just six people and live in basically a large submarine? The population size is going to be a lot larger and they are going to need a lot more space. Every person is going to need their own space. Take a look at what each astronaut has on the ISS, especially when there is gravity they won't be sleeping "standing up". Then you are going to need communal areas, kitchens, medical areas, and so on. Not every space will be dedicated to work. Plus a colony will probably have children at some point so you need that whole infrastructure too. Plus the ISS doesn't even have space for growing food.

    5. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Obviously you're not going to be lifting raw materials for projects at this scale from the Earth. Asteroid mining is a prerequisite.

    6. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do you really expect a human colony to exist of just six people and live in basically a large submarine?

      Just so long as it's painted yellow.

    7. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Then you'd still need to get all of that surveying equipment, mining equipment, refineries and construction equipment up there somehow. And if it's not all automated, then you'd also need a space station, air, water, food, medical and emergency supplies, etc...

    8. Re:Incredibly farfetched by SpeedBump0619 · · Score: 1

      That was actually a no brainer :-/

      Much like the original article.

    9. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      shesh,you missed the best part.

      They say balloons have problems but you could: ...build a 1" thick hull, etc and then show you a graphic of a balloon city and carry on talking about balloons.
      I am still trying to figure out how they are inflating that 1" hull then, that's gonna take some serious pressure ;O

      Blimp in acidic atmosphere? I think i'll pass on that one, makes a one-way trip to mars look sane ;)

      1" hull sounds pretty wimpy for that matter

    10. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Assume a cube shape with side s and ignore mass of anything inside.

      M = 6*s*s*0.0254m*d_steel
      V = s*s*s

      d = M/v = s^-1 * d_steel * 6 * 0.0254m

      d_steel = 8000 kg/m^3

      d_co2 = 2 kg/m^3 [at Earth temperature and pressure]

      d = d_co2 implies
      s = d_steel / d_co2 * 6 * 0.0254m
          = 8000 / 2 * 6 * 0.0254m
          = 609m

      That's big, but not Ringworld-like big. You would probably have to launch that with a rail gun
      from the Moon, assuming you can find iron and carbon there.

    11. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Pfhorrest · · Score: 0

      It's not floating by hull displacement like a boat does. It's not pushing out the higher-density lower atmosphere and letting the lower-dentity higher atmosphere fill in; that wouldn't even make sense, we're talking about a continual gradient of gasses, there is no liquid surface to float on. You just fill it with Earth-sea-level-density gasses, which are less dense than much of Venus' atmosphere, and then let it float where it floats, which will be up around the range of where those same gasses exist on Venus. The weight of the hull will drag it down some, but size is largely irrelevant to that. The weight of the hull is like the weight of the rubber in a balloon. How big you inflate the balloon isn't really important; the fact that it's filled with helium and thus lighter than sea-level air is what matters.

      --
      -Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
      "I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
    12. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Have you read some this idiot's other posts? He has to be a programmer to have such a child's view of physical reality...

    13. Re:Incredibly farfetched by penguinoid · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The ISS has a mass of approximately 417,000 kg and it's made of comparatively light materials when you are talking about building something out of 1" steel.

      Just for fun, I calculated what the weight would be for a balloon of the same size of the article (78,000 m^3) but coated with 1 inch of steel. The best you can get is spherical, radius 26.5 m, which would have a surface area of 8,800 m^2 and with 1 inch of steel weigh 1,800,000 kg. And that is just the outer surface -- though to be fair, the weight of air contained within wouldn't be that much. Also, at those numbers you'd need 31 atmospheres of pressure or so worth of (hot) Venusian atmosphere to equal the weight of the outer hull, so I have my doubts about being able to be at 1 atmosphere.

      The main problem I see is that you have seconds to live if your air conditioner dies, followed by where will you get raw materials? Seems to me that if your hull weighs this much you're better off building where you can mine metal and just import air, rather than the other way around. Like, say, on Mars, where you can also get as much nitrogen and oxygen as you want from the atmosphere, and metal from the ground, and only need to import some hydrogen.

      --
      Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    14. Re:Incredibly farfetched by garyebickford · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Just to be clear - size is not largely irrelevant. The whole key to buoyancy is that the volume of a sphere goes up as the cube of the diameter while the surface area goes up as the square - for a non-sphere it's based on the three linear dimensions of course. So a very small craft can barely carry the skin, while a large one can carry much more in addition to the skin. There are other factors, but that's the primary one.

      For example, a one-foot box made with one inch steel would not float well.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    15. Re:Incredibly farfetched by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      Well the nice thing is that there would be plenty of open space. I'm not sure why one-inch steel - steel doesn't seem to be an ideal material for this. I don't know what the effects of all that sulfide would have on carbon, but if it can be made resistant I would think seriously about starting small with a probe that can produce a carbon-based skin and build a bigger balloon for itself.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    16. Re:Incredibly farfetched by JoeMerchant · · Score: 1

      Iron rich asteroid? Just have to tip it out of solar orbit and get a lucky aerobrake in the Venusian atmosphere, should melt and purify the iron nicely in the process...

    17. Re:Incredibly farfetched by JoeMerchant · · Score: 2
    18. Re:Incredibly farfetched by penguinoid · · Score: 2

      No, you have it backwards. Compressive force of 30 atmospheres is a very different beast than tensile force of 30 atmospheres. Think balloon vs submarine.

      --
      Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    19. Re:Incredibly farfetched by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Sorry that is simply wrong.

      The matter if something floats is *only* dependent on one single thing: it has to displace more *mass* than it weights, and that is a matter of its volume and relation to its weight.

      A ballon only blown up with a few cubic cm of helium wont float, as the rubber is to heavy. It floats when the amount of air displaced by the helium (hence the ballon is blown up enough) is heavier than the rubber + helium.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    20. Re:Incredibly farfetched by delt0r · · Score: 1

      Why in gods name would you coat it with 1 inch of steal? That is up there with Wookies on Endor.

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    21. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Coren22 · · Score: 1

      The main problem I see is that you have seconds to live if your air conditioner dies,

      Not really, at ~50km altitude, atmospheric pressure is near 1 atm, and temperature is just a tad warm for humans. If you go a little higher, you get into the normal temperature ranges for human habitation.

      --
      APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
    22. Re:Incredibly farfetched by Maritz · · Score: 1

      I expect collecting that purified iron off an object screeching through the thick venusian atmosphere at Mach 10 is a minor matter for the boffins to work out... ;)

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    23. Re:Incredibly farfetched by JoeMerchant · · Score: 1

      I was kind of hoping for a Saturnian style ring, of mostly pure iron... the devil is in the details.

  6. Because by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    .. creating floating habitats is a great way to start a fledgling colony with our current level of tech (or anything close to our current level).

    Mars is still, by far, the best bet.

  7. Knock it off by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I always get a kick out of the fact that some of the same people who think solar energy will never be viable will embrace the idea of human colonies in the clouds over Venus or on Mars.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
    1. Re:Knock it off by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1

      Come on, not the same people. And there are more people who believe (terrestrial) solar energy will become economically viable but think castles in the skies of Venus are just that. Castles in the air.

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    2. Re:Knock it off by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Yeah, but the reason is simple: the believe they can fly a molten salt (insert current favorite imagined nuclear energy source of the day) weighting a million of tons by launching it from earth into any orbit they want, just because it is nuclear! Or even land it on another planet.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    3. Re:Knock it off by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To be fair, nuclear rockets DO have a fairly high ISP. NERVA had 850 s in space, and still a respectable 380 s at sea level. (Though the TWR isn't something to write home about).

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

      On the gripping hand, Project Orion could (and still can) get us out there EASILY, provided we don't mind eating the fallout. Possibly something we can still use on planets with no inhabitants (and/or if desperate). It's the only rocket principle I know of where *heavier* is better.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_%28nuclear_propulsion%29

    4. Re:Knock it off by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      And there are more people who believe (terrestrial) solar energy will become economically viable but think castles in the skies of Venus are just that. Castles in the air.

      To be fair, we have solar energy, getting more economical by leaps and bounds, while our rockets are still blowing up at launch.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    5. Re:Knock it off by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I always get a kick out of people saying "hey, let's colonize other worlds" and then "OMG we're doomed by global warming." If you can't handle a climate that's a few degrees different than today Mars and Venus are going to kick your ass.

    6. Re:Knock it off by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      Just fyi, an MSR can be built small enough (both weight and dimensions) to be driven around in a pickup truck.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    7. Re:Knock it off by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A Rocket is just a bomb that we force to only explode one way and control the detonation over several minutes rather than all at once.

      It's not surprising that our rockets still occasionally blow up when something goes wrong...

    8. Re:Knock it off by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Define truck :D

      With an RTG perhaps. Certainly not with a meaningful power output via a steam driven generator, and certainly it wont produce any power useable to lift a spacecraft.

      But yeah, ofc you can build a small one, the smallest only need to be big enough to have enough fission able material to sustain a chain reaction.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    9. Re:Knock it off by Stuarticus · · Score: 1

      I think there's a fair overlap, I see quite a few comments on here of the "why bother fixing global warming we can't afford it and soon we'll all be living on Mars" type. I really can't understand the level of cognitive dissonance this suggests.

      --
      If you think someone isn't free to have a different definition of "freedom" you may be a tyrant.
    10. Re:Knock it off by Maritz · · Score: 1

      Gladdens my heart to see you all having so much fun with your strawmen. Who is saying any of this?

      --
      I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
    11. Re:Knock it off by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      :) A bit of exaggeration, perhaps, but not much. The original MSR at Oak Ridge (late 1960s) fit in a small building. But more interestingly, the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Experiment involved reactors that were small enough to fit into a 1950s-size bomber. The direct-cycle GE reactor was quite successful, produced about 2.5MW and powered two modified J47 jet engines. The indirect-cycle Pratt & Whitney reactor would have produced less radiation problems, but never got finished.

      There's a cool picture of the HTME-3 on the Wikipedia page - the reactor looks to have about the same mass as the two engines. And the reactor eliminated the need for fuel tanks and 20,000 gallons (about 80,000 lbs. - B-52 capacity) of fuel. Of course I think that is without various shielding, etc. But a key factor in favor of MSRs is that they work at high temperature and low pressure. This means that a heavy pressure vessel is not required, and the higher the temperature the better the efficiency of a heat engine.

      The entire ANP project was snakebit from the beginning. Between 1949 and 1961 it was started, mismanaged, cancelled, restarted, mismanaged, cancelled, and finally shutdown in 1961 as ICBMs made the entire project obsolete. It was truly one of the worst-managed projects the USAF was even involved in. As it happened, my father was a building contractor, who had the contract to build the reactor test buildings in Arco Idaho. The government's engineering staff screwed up big time, and (long story goes here), my dad lost $400,000 on the project - the gov promised to repay him but it never happened. We lived on dirt and sticks for several years after that. It's just a coincidence - I first started looking into MSRs about 10 years ago, and only later discovered the connection with my dad.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    12. Re:Knock it off by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      See also Saturn C-5N, which was well along in the development process to use a descendant of the NERVA reactor in a nuclear second stage for the Saturn C-5.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    13. Re:Knock it off by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      Oops - third stage, not second. :)

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
  8. Please Send This Piece of Protoplasm On 1st Flight by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Its name is "Senator" Ted ( a.k.a. Wacko ) Cruz.

    Thanks In Advance,
    K. Trout

  9. This is perfect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Meet George Jetson!

  10. Nice place to visit, maybe even stay a while by Geoffrey.landis · · Score: 1

    Say, people are beginning to pay attention. High enough, the climate is nice. Possibly not as nice as Jamaica. But nicer than, say, the moon:

    http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/n...

    or
    http://www.universetoday.com/1...

    --
    http://www.geoffreylandis.com
    1. Re:Nice place to visit, maybe even stay a while by PopeRatzo · · Score: 5, Funny

      High enough, the climate is nice.

      This is the only reason people live in Canada. Because if you're high enough, you don't really care about the climate.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    2. Re:Nice place to visit, maybe even stay a while by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > This is the only reason people live in Canada. Because if you're high enough, you don't really care about the climate.

      So THAT'S why Colorado was so quick to legalize weed. I mean, it's not the mile high city for nothing.

    3. Re:Nice place to visit, maybe even stay a while by arth1 · · Score: 0

      So THAT'S why Colorado was so quick to legalize weed. I mean, it's not the mile high city for nothing.

      Colorado is a city now?

    4. Re:Nice place to visit, maybe even stay a while by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Population-wise, yes.

    5. Re:Nice place to visit, maybe even stay a while by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 0

      When you're high enough, it is.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
  11. Venutians vs Martians by Dutchmaan · · Score: 1

    It would be interesting to see how human beings from different colonies on different planets evolve to adapt to their new environments, and I don't think it would take long at all for changes to happen. I believe nature moves quicker than we realize.

    1. Re:Venutians vs Martians by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      As long as there is no selective pressure, they won't.

      Adaption/Evolution works by weeding out the unfit and only let the surviving breed.

      As Mars has no means to kill unfit settlers, there are no "fit" settlers and hence no adaption.

      At least that is how Darwin puts it.

      Would settlers there be taller and more fragile? Depends how the genes are expressed, what food they have, how hard they work, but not really on how they "adapt".

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    2. Re:Venutians vs Martians by amicusNYCL · · Score: 2

      I don't think it would take long at all for changes to happen. I believe nature moves quicker than we realize.

      It's all relative, really. Since evolution is inherited then the pace of change is measured in the number of generations. It might only take a hundred generations to start showing noticeable changes. Of course, we could just bring fruit flies and bean plants and start to see their changes much faster.

      Of course, if evolution has any say at all then it needs to be related to breeding. Anyone with a trait more suited to their environment needs to pass on their genes more than others. If some guy is born one day with red eyes that let him see through the clouds and hair all over his face that protects him from the things in the atmosphere then that's going to be for nothing if no woman wants to have his kids.

      --
      "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
    3. Re:Venutians vs Martians by cascadingstylesheet · · Score: 1

      If some guy is born one day with red eyes that let him see through the clouds and hair all over his face that protects him from the things in the atmosphere then that's going to be for nothing if no woman wants to have his kids.

      Given the pairings I've been seeing lately, that shouldn't be a problem.

    4. Re:Venutians vs Martians by Stuarticus · · Score: 1

      If some guy is born one day with red eyes that let him see through the clouds and hair all over his face that protects him from the things in the atmosphere then that's going to be for nothing if no woman wants to have his kids.

      If everyone else has massive facial tumours he might not do so badly.

      --
      If you think someone isn't free to have a different definition of "freedom" you may be a tyrant.
    5. Re:Venutians vs Martians by coofercat · · Score: 1

      Venus has an excess of women, and Mars has an excess of men. Or so a book I once read seemed to make out.

  12. Fail deadly by MetricT · · Score: 1

    Venus? A floating colony in Venus's atmosphere is the very definition of "fail deadly". Anything goes wrong you are dead, whether dead quickly or dead slowly. Plus, given the conditions on Venus, if there ever was an ecology, it has long been reduced to ash. It is also not likely we could terraform Venus (reduce the atmosphere and spin it up) given the resources of the entire solar system to do so.

    If I were planning humanity's journey to the stars, I'd go with the moon first, followed by Ceres. Resource rich, low gravity, and far enough out of the Earth's (in the moon's case) and the Sun's (in Ceres' case) gravity well to make exploring other places much easier.

    1. Re:Fail deadly by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 1

      Anything goes wrong you are dead, whether dead quickly or dead slowly.

      That's space travel in a nutshell.

    2. Re:Fail deadly by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      Ok, so it's interesting and possibly feasible but why would we want to? Unless they're going to be supervising a terraforming project on Venus I don't see much value in putting a colony there.

    3. Re:Fail deadly by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's space travel in a nutshell.

      That's life in a nutshell.

    4. Re:Fail deadly by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I heard we were going to be swallowed by a giant mutant star-goat.

      All you need to do is con enough enthusiasts.

    5. Re:Fail deadly by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 4, Informative

      NASA had proposed several Apollo to Venus back in the 1970's, including a triple flyby that would take 800 days. The rational back then was to keep funding to manned space program going after the Moon landings were completed.

      https://falsesteps.wordpress.com/2012/07/21/manned-venus-flyby/

    6. Re:Fail deadly by garyebickford · · Score: 3

      I expect those who grow up in space, or in a colony, to be habitually _very careful_. This puts 'kidproofing' at a whole new level.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    7. Re:Fail deadly by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Rationale", not "rational".

    8. Re:Fail deadly by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It is also not likely we could terraform Venus (reduce the atmosphere and spin it up) given the resources of the entire solar system to do so.

      Mission 1: Sample atmosphere.
      Mission 2: Scientists on earth engineer bacterium that eats atmosphere, craps sulfur solids.
      Mission 3: A small probe deposits a few grams of aforementioned bacteria at a suitable altitude.

      Exponential growth in a predator-free environment takes care of the rest.

    9. Re:Fail deadly by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Be quiet, aspie.

    10. Re:Fail deadly by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is because those that aren't habitually very careful will not be among those that 'grow up' in space.

    11. Re:Fail deadly by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      NASA had proposed several Apollo to Venus back in the 1970's, including a triple flyby that would take 800 days. The rational back then was to keep funding to manned space program going after the Moon landings were completed.

      https://falsesteps.wordpress.com/2012/07/21/manned-venus-flyby/

      I think the rationale behind landing on objects in our Solar System disappeared once it was clear we weren't going to find intelligent life there.

      Space mining or interstellar travel may have a purpose, landing on an inhospitable rock/sulphuric acid lake or whatever seems entirely pointless as an end in itself.

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
    12. Re:Fail deadly by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 1

      No one is proposing to land on Venus. About 30 miles above the surface of Venus is an environmental layer suitable for Earthlings with one atmosphere of pressure and the right temperature range to support a floating city.

  13. It's not fair! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There's an interesting Wikipedia article about John Gray's book on this topic that says:

    "men [are] from Mars and women from Venusâ"and that each gender is acclimated to its own planet[...]"

    Someone clearly needs to conduct some gender research on this (re-)colonization thing... Only having two small balls hanging around shouldn't disqualify me from living in a warm place with long days.

    1. Re:It's not fair! by rossdee · · Score: 2

      "men [are] from Mars and women from Venusâ"and that each gender is acclimated to its own planet[...]"

      and relationship books are from Uranus

  14. preliminary work mostly complete by freeschwag · · Score: 1

    A lot of the brainstorming and preliminary engineering requirements have already been rigorously tested.

    http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki...

    --
    Tweet, tweet, all id10t's out of the gene pool, open swim is over.
  15. Build colonies on Earth by SkOink · · Score: 1

    It always struck me as kind of crazy that anybody talks about building colonies on Mars, the moon, Venus, or anywhere off-world. I like sci-fi as much as the next guy, but the fact of the matter is that we already have a planet with suitable gravity, and breathable air.

    We're not even close to using up all of the available space on this planet. Why would we build on Mars when we have Antarctica? Why build on Venus when we have giant empty deserts in Nevada?

    On Earth, a cracked window doesn't mean that everybody will suffocate or be pulled apart by a vacuum. Plus, it comes with plenty of raw materials and suitable gravity.

    No matter how bad Earth gets pollution-wise, I just can't see off-world colonies as realistic until we use up the land we already have.

    leak in your bio-dome doesn't

    --
    ---- I'll take you in a Hunt deathmatch any day.
    1. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Eggs in one basket.

    2. Re:Build colonies on Earth by NickyLogic · · Score: 3

      IMO, it's mainly that the rest of the Universe is so much more vast than this one world, and inhabiting any part of it besides Earth will likely require some kind of artificial environment. If humans figure out how to live indefinitely on Mars or Venus, we can eventually do the same in most other star systems, of which there are billions just in this galaxy.

    3. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Pfhorrest · · Score: 5, Interesting

      By the time off-world colonies are viable, pollution on Earth will be a non-issue, because the exact same technology needed to sustain an offworld colony is the technology that would allow us to clean and recycle absolutely everything here on Earth. Because that's exactly what you need for a self-sustaining offworld colony: recycled everything. On Earth, we're lucky enough to have a natural biosphere that gives us tons of recycling capacity for free: just dump wastewaster and CO2 and feces into the wilderness and, like a miracle, fresh air blows back, clean water falls from the sky, and food grows out of what was once someone's shit. Up to a certain capacity at least. If we can't even manage to recycle the excess of ours that that massive free hand up nature gives us can't handle, then we're nowhere close to being able to settle offworld where we have to do all of that work ourselves.

      Like you say, Antarctica or the desert or, hell, the ocean floor, would all be a cakewalk compared to anywhere off Earth.

      There is good reason to settle offworld when we can (not keeping all our eggs in one basket), but until we're capable of even settling all of the comparably idyllic places on our own planet that aren't "worth settling" at the current difficulty levels, then we don't stand a chance of settling anywhere offworld.

      --
      -Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
      "I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
    4. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Gavagai80 · · Score: 2

      Better to have all your eggs in one basket than to throw your eggs on the floor.

      If survival of the human race in case of catastrophe on earth were the goal, building underground bunkers or underwater would be the sensible course of action. You could much more easily survive deep under the earth even in the event of huge asteroid impact that kills the entire surface population, compared to surviving on Mars or Venus.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    5. Re:Build colonies on Earth by garyebickford · · Score: 5, Interesting

      As someone who is involved (peripherally) in the "New Space" movement, IMHO the first purpose of space development will be the availability of new resources and technologies. An economist a couple of years ago predicted that space development would have the potential to increase the standard of living of everyone on Earth by a factor of 10. That seems optimistic to me, but a reasonable goal. One popular example (see Planetary Resources, Inc.) regards the availability of Platinum, which is a very useful industrial metal, but is unfortunately $1300 per ounce. Platinum mining is expensive, dangerous, and disastrous both ecologically and socially. This greatly restricts is usefulness although it is used in those expensive catalytic converters in your car - that's why they're expensive. The best astronomical physicists believe that some of the Near Earth Asteroids contain single-digit percentages of Platinum. If this is true, then a 100 meter asteroid would contain a dozen times as much Platinum as has ever been mined. Retrieving this material to Earth could drop the price to between $10 and $100 per ounce, and this would still be economically viable for the company to process in space and ship it down to Earth.

      There are many other examples. Technologically, the range of industrial processes that are presently either expensive or impossible on Earth due to gravity and air, that could be done in the high vacuum and microgravity of space is broad but it is likely that an order of magnitude more new processes that have not even been envisioned yet will be discovered or invented. Orbital production of high quality integrated circuits might well be one - one of the most expensive aspects of IC manufacturing is the requirement to build a huge facility and maintain a high level clean room environment. In space that could be done with not much more than a bit of Mylar.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    6. Re:Build colonies on Earth by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      There are pretty good reasons for believing that a key to the improved environment on Earth will be the migration of many processes off the planet. I'm not a particular fan of Space Solar Power, but it's definitely in the running. According to experts in the field, SSP could eliminate all of the power plants on Earth (both fire-based and nuclear) and provide easy cheap power everywhere for less. (IMHO it would be cheaper in the short run to just build big solar facilities in the Sahara, 30 feet off the ground. This would generate plenty of power and provide a new resource underneath - shade where things could be grown.)

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    7. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You speak of land as if that were the only issue.

      The question is not about whether we can survive on the land. What happens when your land is flooded with water, or desert, and becomes inhabitable except by scuba-camels?

      What happens when we can't avoid whatever impact created the moon?

      It seems that you are focused on small-scale timelines, but aren't keyed in to the kind of time scales that are important to having a future human presence in this universe.

      Life has managed to get this far, and if you like sci-fi as much as the next guy, then you would support the idea of ensuring that we get to whatever next step comes our way. Meeting aliens, being aliens, having colonies... whatever it takes so that life that evolved on Earth doesn't come to a meaningless end.

      At some point, I want to have children, and think that I, in all of my imperfections, have contributed to the variability of the gene pool, as imperfect as my children will be. But I hope that they will have some beneficial genes and will, at some point, pass those on, to the benefit of my grand children, and those beyond. And if they are defective, I assume they will die early, and that causes me little distress.

      And yes, the inevitable heat death of the universe does cause me problems. But I have a sliver of optimism that at some point, we can address that. If we don't die on the shore of the cosmos first. And if not, we will have tried like hell. Or, we could go your way and just cross our fingers and hope to shit that the universe, or our chosen god, likes us.

      -" Bite The Pillow", having moderated some as troll and some as informative

    8. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, good luck with that. I'd love to see how your bunker holds up if a large asteroid, a moon, a planet, a star or a black hole hits Earth or just pulls it out of orbit.

    9. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The solutions for problems here lie out there. If we never try, we'll never learn or advance as a race.

    10. Re:Build colonies on Earth by tsotha · · Score: 1

      Yep. Even if your concern is the survival of the species you'd be better off building a deep bunker on the Earth than trying to start a colony on Mars or Venus.

    11. Re: Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And why exactly should we "learn" or "advance as a race"? It's not a biological imperative. Nobody is forcing us. In fact there is precious little incentive into that. Science and technology have been promising us the stars for decades without ever delivering, but it was a good selling point. Too bad humanity has grown up and we're not falling for the same tricks. I used to like science fiction as well but I know where reality ends and fantasies begin. We're not going to colonize other planets or live in space. Ever. Period. Just as we're never, ever going to live in Narnia or Wonderland. :)

    12. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Pfhorrest · · Score: 1

      Is shade really a "resource" when it comes to agriculture? Plants are powered by sunlight. The wide open fields of the breadbaskets of the world aren't exactly shady. They just get plenty of rainfall in addition to all that sunlight, which is what the Sahara is really missing.

      --
      -Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
      "I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
    13. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's like you've never heard of biodomes.

      We've known since the 70's how to create a sustainable encapsulated ecosystem. There's no funding to put them in orbit or get them going on the moon, because we'd rather spend more that NASA's yearly budget in just air conditioning troops fighting in oil wars.

      So, "by the time the 1970's comes", pollution on Earth will not be a non-issue because of greed. Idiot.

    14. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Pfhorrest · · Score: 2

      Viability isn't just technological know-how. If we aren't ready to build biodomes in Anarctica or the Sahara or the seafloor, or to deploy the technologies used in them to regulate the "biodome" that is the whole planet -- even if it's just for economic or political reason -- then we're obviously not ready to build them in space either.

      --
      -Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
      "I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
    15. Re: Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wow, you're already dead and you don't even know it. Seriously, if that's how you feel, you might as well just kill yourself now.

    16. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Katatsumuri · · Score: 1

      An economist a couple of years ago predicted that space development would have the potential to increase the standard of living of everyone on Earth by a factor of 10.

      Any additional clues on how to find that prediction? My google-fu fails me.

    17. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Stuarticus · · Score: 1

      Unless my calculations are wrong the 100m asteroid would yield about 30,000,000 dollars worth of platinum at $10 per oz at a percentage of 1% and assuming a density of 2g/cm^3. So the mission would have to be very cheap.

      --
      If you think someone isn't free to have a different definition of "freedom" you may be a tyrant.
    18. Re:Build colonies on Earth by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      An economist a couple of years ago predicted that space development would have the potential to increase the standard of living of everyone on Earth by a factor of 10.

      Any additional clues on how to find that prediction? My google-fu fails me.

      Yes, it would be good to be able to rigorously test his data integrity, modelling assumptions and forecasting methodologies

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
    19. Re:Build colonies on Earth by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      And yes, the inevitable heat death of the universe does cause me problems. But I have a sliver of optimism that at some point, we can address that

      1. I'm not sure if you quite grasp the meaning of the words "inevitable" or "heat death".

      2. You are a loony.

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
    20. Re:Build colonies on Earth by slfnflctd · · Score: 1

      I honestly think we'll see habitable spaces being set up far more affordably and efficiently than ever before in arctic & desert climates within the next 20 years, easily-- and I'd expect a number of them to be self sufficient, at least beyond their initial setup (and some occasional long term maintenance). With all the money and research across numerous fronts being firehosed into energy storage, we'll have the power to get it done. I certainly agree that this is a necessary development before we can think about getting offworld, and I hope to live to see it happen.

    21. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I have never understood people who say something is impossible and therefore refuse to try. regardless of even "why" we have intelligence, if we do not USE IT to try and find these answers, we are a waste of breathable air on this planet.

      Science can speculate about the heat death of the universe and everything else, but our science is nowhere near complete as yet. We have to go on as if we have every chance in the world to do whatever our minds can dream up.. because at this point we still can. there are still ways around every limitation we know exists in the universe and until we know for SURE that there is not a feasible solution, then why not try?

      to not try is what makes no sense.

    22. Re: Build colonies on Earth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Au contraire, my sad friend: I'm pretty much alive. Now. Right this moment. Not in "da spaaaaaace fuuuchaaaaa" that is never, ever going to happen. I can have a good time right now, while you obviously can't. Well, if I were you I'd ditch the childish fantasies and learn to live in the real world. You know, the one without lightsabers and Mr Spock. The only one that exists and will ever exist. You might even find it more exciting than your dated canned mythology.

    23. Re: Build colonies on Earth by Rakarra · · Score: 1

      There were plenty of people with the same attitude in the early 20th century who said that we'd never visit the moon another planet. Or that the rockets would pierce the dome of the heavens and the stars would fall to earth (this was not an unpopular theory). I'd rather side with the unrealistic dreamers rather than the apocryphal patent commissioner who stated everything was already invented.

      Humanity should always strive for what we do not have, it would still be stuck griming about in the mud if it did not. It's the old conflict between pure/theoretical science and applied science. Sometimes, when researching the 'impossible', you get it. And sometimes you find something entirely unexpected which might be far more practical.

    24. Re:Build colonies on Earth by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      Indeed, I was playing fast and loose with the definition of resource, but I think in this case it can be considered as such. ;) Too much sun can still be a bad thing, especially if it's evaporating all the water, and the energy absorbed and reflected by the solar panels will reduce the temperature underneath. So let's assume that the solar panels are 30 feet above ground and block 30%-70% of the light. (There is some percentage that optimizes the total system of electrical power + plant production, but I don't know what it is.) We put greenhouses underneath, mainly to contain the moisture - we're going to have to irrigate so a closed system (with a floor) would be best to prevent the water from disappearing into the ground as well. Most greenhouses have to have fans and shade systems to prevent overheating on even nominally warm days.

      So we use some of the power to run a desalination plant to provide the water, and the rest of the energy we use in-country or export. Given a 100 square mile facility, underneath we've just added almost 100 square miles of quality agriculture in a country that has very limited resources, and we've begun to replace the oil-export economy with a real production economy that actually employs people. (I'll note that we also have to figure out what to do with the higher-salinity water - that's a potential eco problem.)

      This system could be expanded gradually, even possibly to thousands of square miles. Solar power costs are already getting close to competitive with thermal power plants, and by synergizing the real estate this way it could make a real difference to the folks in North Africa, for instance. It also has a social benefit, as it employs workers.

      Many of the breadbaskets are in higher latitudes - India and central Africa are the exceptions - and receive much less light. A Sahara growing facility has more sunlight than is really necessary for most plants.

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
    25. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Intrepid+imaginaut · · Score: 1

      By the time off-world colonies are viable, pollution on Earth will be a non-issue, because the exact same technology needed to sustain an offworld colony is the technology that would allow us to clean and recycle absolutely everything here on Earth. Because that's exactly what you need for a self-sustaining offworld colony: recycled everything.

      Not really, no. There are far more than enough raw materials floating around up there, along with masses of energy from the sun, to construct very quick and dirty space stations indeed with zero need for recycling as long as you have reasonably secure supply chains.

    26. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Sardaukar86 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, good luck with that. I'd love to see how your bunker holds up if a large asteroid, a moon, a planet, a star or a black hole hits Earth or just pulls it out of orbit.

      How's life? It must be lovely being as blissfully (and clearly wilfully) ignorant as you appear to be.

      What exactly are you expecting to happen to disturb an underground bunker should an asteroid hit the surface of the planet it is built into? Anything less than a direct strike is going to affect the subterranean habitat very little, assuming the bunker is up to the same standards you demand (space-based or other-body colony).

      What fantasy world do you live in where rogue stars, planets and black holes cruise through other stellar systems? Have you even the faintest idea how BIG space is? More importantly, what's this fabulous plan of yours for getting us to another star system? Because if you've even the dimmest inkling of intelligence you must realise that habitats orbiting Jupiter are going to be just as thoroughly fucked by a rogue star as any underground bunker.

      --
      ..Mullah or Pope, Preacher or Poet, who was it wrote: "Give any one species too much rope and they'll fuck it up"?
    27. Re:Build colonies on Earth by Sardaukar86 · · Score: 1

      The most cogent, concise and persuasive argument on the topic I've seen, thank you sir.

      --
      ..Mullah or Pope, Preacher or Poet, who was it wrote: "Give any one species too much rope and they'll fuck it up"?
    28. Re:Build colonies on Earth by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      This is exactly the kinds of things we should be doing and should be funding, I like the idea of using the shade from the solar panels to grow crops. It is a scheme that can be scaled to power the whole world..
      One of the things I might add is to use some of the solar energy to make algal biofuels or ethanol or even gas. With enough ethanol for instance the world could have carbon neutral cars and trucks and maybe even aircraft. An even bigger advantage is that making and shipping fuels over very long distances (over water) should have lower energy losses than transmitting electricity the same distance. On site CHP that powers heating and air conditioning can improve that efficiency even further.

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
    29. Re: Build colonies on Earth by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      There have always been people like you - arguing that man will never fly in lighter than air aircraft, that no rocket will ever make orbit, that humans will never walk on the moon, that computers are to expensive & cumbersome to ever be useful, that we will never understand or map DNA, that video phones will never be possible..

      All it takes is the will and the money - and space is getting cheaper. Technologies like Skylon or closed cycle nuclear rockets could make it 10 or 100 times cheaper still. Then there are laser lifters, Lofstrom loops, space elevators, kinetic towers, orbital rings - some of those could put the costs to space at as much as 10,000 times lower. I bet that before 2100 there will at least several hundred people living in orbit & on the moon & on Mars and maybe Venus, and there will be regular tourist trips out to places like the moon.

      Don't believe me? look back to 1900 and see what you predict from there - a place with a few very primitive airships, no planes, very few cars, most people travel by horse and cart, or trolley bus, or on foot. No TV, no cinema, no radio, no internet, no smart phones. Almost everything is done or made by hand, calculations require human labour, no calculators, no computers. People like you then were predicting that scientific progress had basically come to an end - you were wrong.

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
  16. The Moon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Volcano tubes on the moon. A lot cheaper and easier to get there.

  17. Longer by Tablizer · · Score: 3, Informative

    hot enough so that the longest any spacecraft functioned on the surface was mere seconds;

    The Soviet landers lasted more than a half hour. But they did require massive cooling systems.

  18. So that's where they put them by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    We can finally visit our "cloud servers" while there

  19. Terraform Venus! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    we need to building kind of a water bubble around Venus, to start cooling it down for terraforming.

    1. Re:Terraform Venus! by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      Why don't we just explode loads of H-bombs on the side nearest the Sun, so it gets blown further away from the Sun and cools down naturally?

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
  20. I liked the Jetsons reference by h33t+l4x0r · · Score: 2

    And I never realized why they live in the sky, it was because of climate change!

    1. Re:I liked the Jetsons reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually it was due to smog. There was an old PSA or something with the Jetsons where they explained that their homes could all rise above the smog layer.

  21. Why build on any planet? by dsmatthews9379 · · Score: 1

    If you can make it to Mars, land and build a self-sufficient colony there you probably have developed the technology to build ships that can serve as the same thing, permanently in space. i.e. You have solved fusion power, space radiation deflection and the atomic level reconstitution of matter, nano deconstruction and manufacturing. We are not there yet, but the technology will exist within the next 50 years if technological progress continues to accelerate. So why would you want to deal with all the problems a big gravity well (massive object like a planet) causes? Why mess with planets when there is an entire asteroid belt to convert in to materials?

    1. Re:Why build on any planet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except for no gravity and very little space on a space ship. Also micrometeoroids and other small particles can punch a hole right through your hull.

    2. Re:Why build on any planet? by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      You have solved fusion power, space radiation deflection and the atomic level reconstitution of matter, nano deconstruction and manufacturing. We are not there yet, but the technology will exist within the next 50 years

      Unfortunately the Singularity will already have happened in 25 years time, and so humanity will be obsolete.

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
  22. RedStar 1908 Russian science fiction novel forsees by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Red Star" Alexander Bogdánov's 1908 science fiction novel forsees this reality when martians debate to colonise Venus or Earth.
    I will come back with the answer to the question if Venu's clouds are also the choice of 1908 martians.

  23. Bespin come to life... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How cool would it be if we renamed Venus 'Bespin'? Cloud city for the win!

    1. Re:Bespin come to life... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pretty lame considering Bespin is supposed to be a gas giant. Now if we somehow could build a cloud city over Jupiter...

  24. Floating cities would just be the start. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Eventual colonization and terraforming of Venus isn't super far fetched. You'd probably start by capturing a few asteroids and pushing them into orbit around Venus. This would give you a resource base to construct the first floating cities from. Ideally you'd them start extracting cardon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce carbon fiber and carbon nanotube materials. You'd then want to build some floating, automated factories that would begin churning out massive amounts of balloons that would be released all over the planet. If possible, you'd want the balloons to be as close to white in color as the materials on hand allowed for. As you saturated the atmosphere with balloons, you'd begin to cool the surface both from shade and from the high albedo of the white balloons. Once you cool the atmosphere enough, a whole range of possibilities open up. It's definitely more involved than setting up a self sufficient colony on Mars, but in the long run, Venus would likely provide a much better second home for humans. It's surface gravity, at 8.87 m/s2 is way closer to earth's gravy than the 3.7 m/s2 that Mars has. Venus has a magnetic field. And Venus has an atmosphere and the ability to keep it. If you could cool the surface of Venus to where machinery could function, it would likely be much, much cheaper to slowly sequester and thin out Venus's atmosphere than it would be to bring an atmosphere to Mars. I think it's likely that the first off-world colony that humans build will be on Mars, but I also think there's a good chance that the first colony where humans will be able to walk around in the open without a space suit or habitat will be on Venus. Simply because if we have the technology and infrastructure to terraform Mars, then we most likely also have the technology and infrastructure necessary to terraform Venus, and the dividends that Venus would pay potentially far outweigh what Mars would offer.

  25. another shameless meduim blog post by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    meh

  26. Stupid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't kid yourselves. This proposal has everything to do with Venus being closer and nothing to do with what is a better choice.

    The whole reason to send people to mars is to build, expand, and expand the human population. On the surface there are a lot of things that robts just can't do yet.

    On Venus, you are stuck in the clouds and so are very dependent on equipment for everything. I can't think of a single thing in the Venutian atmosphere that humans would need to do that couldn't be done by robots. Therefor, it's just a promotional stunt.

    I do think it's a good idea to send robots back to Venus. But humans need to go back to the Moon, and then to Mars, and both cases after extensive robotics have gone and set things up first, for permanant colonization.

  27. Rather than Mars, we should look to Venus. by azav · · Score: 1

    Why? Mars doesn't have a magnetosphere. Until this is remediated, any atmosphere will be whisked away by the solar winds.

    Venus has a magnetosphere. We could and should start not terraforming Venus, but "atmosphere-ing" Venus so that it can then be terraformed. Develop bacteria that live in the Venusian extremes, eat sulfuric acid and output fixed sulfur and H2O. Let the process run. We can then handle the rest.

    --
    - Zav - Imagine a Beowulf cluster of insensitive clods...
  28. Are our Scientists suffering from dementia ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Venus does indeed have a magnetosphere but ultraviolet light is going to be a bitch. Also when the sun degrades into a Red Giant mercury and venus would be the first planets to burn up. I think we need to be better stewards at resource management, learn to colonize the moon.. jump to mars.. then jump to one of jupiters moons .. then one of saturn's moons.. Mars will be a bitch since the magnetosphere is weak. If the recycled oxygen doesn't kill you then the Cosmic Rays that penetrate the mars habitat will. We know that living in low/zero gravity environment cause serious issues with the human body, you can also almost guarantee dealing with glaucoma as time goes on. We need to build a sustainable habitat on the ocean floor and then bring that technology to Death Valley and test. If all goes well next will be on top of Mt. Everest. .. then the moon.... then mars.. I'm sure we are at least 50 years away of building a habitat on mars.

  29. Coren22: Questions 4u... apk by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See subject, "Run, Forrest: RUN!!!" - Can ab+ do 16 things hosts do for speed, security, & reliability:

    1.) Protect vs. malicious sites/servers (past ads)
    2.) Protect vs. fastflux botnets + stops C&C communique
    3.) Protect vs. dynamic dns botnets + stops C&C communique
    4.) Protect vs. DGA botnets + stops C&C communique
    5.) Protect vs. downed DNS (adds reliability)
    6.) Protect vs. DNS redirect poisoned dns
    7.) Protect vs. trackers
    8.) Protect vs. spam
    9.) Protect vs. phish
    10.) Protect vs. caps
    11.) Get you past a dnsbl
    12.) Keep you off dns request logs
    13.) Speed up surfing by adblocks & hardcoded fav. sites
    14.) Work on anything webbound (ie email programs) multiplatform.
    15.) Give you easily controlled data
    16.) Do all that & block ads more efficiently in cpu + memory usage vs. addons

    * ANSWER ="NO" to each on ab+ doing it or as well + hosts = already on every device natively.

    APK

    P.S.=> Ab+ does less than hosts & less efficiently - hosts do MORE w/ less + Hosts start w/ the IP stack before REDUNDANT inefficient addons BEGIN to operate (as 1st resolver queried):

    Ab+'s 128mb memory inefficiency -> http://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-conte... (hosts consume 3-11mb using my program initially).

    +

    ClarityRay defeats it dumping addons in use in a browser via native browser methods to do so!

    +

    Ab+'s paid to not do its job http://finance.yahoo.com/news/...

    Ab+ adds complexity + slower mode of operations (usermode = more messagepassing overheads vs. hosts in kernelmode).

    What's best?

    APK Hosts File Engine 9.0++ SR-2 32/64-bit -> http://start64.com/index.php?o...

    MalwareBytes' hpHosts Admin (MalwareBytes employee) hosts & recommends it -> http://hosts-file.net/?s=Downl... & MalwareBytes = BEST antivirus http://www.av-test.org/en/news...

    &

    It's GUARANTEED safe & clean per it being checked by 57 antivirus programs recently in BOTH its 64-bit model https://www.virustotal.com/en/...

    +

    In its 32-bit model also https://www.virustotal.com/en/...

    ... apk

    1. Re:Coren22: Questions 4u... apk by Sardaukar86 · · Score: 1

      Go away, you idiot. You have no value beyond the production of noise and a foul smell. Face it APK, your efforts have amounted to little more than fart gas.

      --
      ..Mullah or Pope, Preacher or Poet, who was it wrote: "Give any one species too much rope and they'll fuck it up"?
  30. Tell us about "AlmostAllAdsBlocked+" Coren22 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See subject & LMAO @ U, boy -> http://slashdot.org/comments.p...

    FACT: "AlmostALLAdsBlocked+" is INFERIOR vs. hosts - hugely so!

    AB+ doesn't even DO what it's supposed to fully anymore being BRIBED http://finance.yahoo.com/news/... not to!

    AB+ doesn't do a FRACTION of what hosts do for more speed, security, reliability, + anonymity online!

    AB+ EATS 128mb of RAM (vs. hosts @ 11 *maybe* tops via my program with CURRENT data, the important kind vs. current threats + ads) http://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-conte...

    AB+ adds messagepassing overheads!

    AB+ operates in SLOWER usermode (vs. hosts in PnP kernelmode)

    AB+ creates huge CPU consumption!

    AB+ is also detectable by clarityray (via native browser methods) nullifying it (not hosts).

    ---

    I use what you already have that works & does more with LESS, no less - you by way of comparison? Pile on "MoAr" that doesn't do as nearly as much & what it's supposed to do, massively inefficiently no less (see above)?

    Ab+ NO LONGER DOES!

    * AFTER ALL THAT?

    AB+ = "better", Coren22?? LMAO - NO f'ing way!

    If you say it is, you are *TRULY* stupid & I'd reply saying "argue with the numbers" & facts above, from reputable sources & analysis proving my points for me!

    APK

    P.S.=> Gonna go "cry in your cereal" now, boy?

    (You ought to for being STUPID enough to use OR SUGGEST a blatantly INFERIOR solution! See above - it's fact & truth via reputable sources)... apk

    1. Re:Tell us about "AlmostAllAdsBlocked+" Coren22 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If your mental state was healthy you would not be following this person around and posting this stuff. You should take a look at what you're doing and have a think about it. Essentially we're talking about the difference between neuroses and psychosis.

    2. Re:Tell us about "AlmostAllAdsBlocked+" Coren22 by Sardaukar86 · · Score: 1

      Did you read this APK? Other people here see you for what you are. We don't post to help you - we post in the hope that you'll eventually go away and let the adults enjoy their conversation. Nothing I or anyone else say will affect your behaviour though because you're incapable of critical thought.

      Prove me right by crap-flooding some more!

      --
      ..Mullah or Pope, Preacher or Poet, who was it wrote: "Give any one species too much rope and they'll fuck it up"?
  31. Major Problem by frank249 · · Score: 1

    Yes a Colony on Venus would have water and sunlight but they would still be at the bottom of a gravity well(same for Mars). It would make more sense to establish a colony in space where you could find water and minerals in asteroids. Supply ships would not need to overcome gravity and return flights could take back precious minerals that would help fund the expense.

    --

    Today's vices may be tomorrow's virtues.

  32. Why not just put it in space? by SoftwareArtist · · Score: 1

    Sure, you could float your colony in the atmosphere of Venus. But since you're basically creating a fully sealed, self contained system, why not just put it in space? Why bother with Venus at all?

    Ok, it does have a few advantages over that. You get gravity for free (91% of Earth gravity). You get radiation shielding. You have access to some raw materials - but only what you can get from the upper atmosphere. You're not heading down to the surface to mine anything there! But all of those things are easily achieved in space. Rotate the colony to get gravity. Mine raw materials from asteroids or the moon. Use a physical barrier or a magnetic field to block radiation. And you have two huge advantages:

    1. You don't have to worry about the outside of your colony frequently being exposed to clouds of sulfuric acid.

    2. Venus is a really long way away! Having your colony much closer to Earth will make building it much cheaper and easier, and also make transportation a lot easier once it's built.

    --
    "I'm too busy to research this and form an educated opinion, but I do have time to tell everyone my uninformed opinion."
  33. Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Isn't Earth the most earth-like planet of all? Adapting it to the ideal conditions would be the easiest path, even if the population explodes considerably high. But human kind is stupid enough to prefer destroying Earth and feeling capable of transforming a different environment in its favor.

  34. Bespin! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm surprised that Bespin hadn't crossed anyone's mind. It would seem like that's what a "futuristic" colony would be if we were to colonize Venus in this manner.

  35. Hmmm, the problems of referring to "we" by RockDoctor · · Score: 1
    Normally referring to "we" is an attempt at being inclusive. But StartsWithABang Starts With A Fizzle by linking to his (presumed) employer, medium.com. about some old news.

    Terraforming Venus may be no easier than terraforming Mars. Both are probably practically impossible, given that adapting human technologies to subsist on either planet will probably involve less tech than allowing humans to live on either planet. We'd still get the large majority of our living area from the asteriods.

    --
    Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
  36. Opportunity Cost. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Opportunity Cost.

    You can't do everything. Not enough time or resources. Deciding what actions are most likely to generate results (short, medium and long term) and focusing on those is rational and the only way to maximize the odds of survival (individual and species.)

  37. Your /. peers say otherwise so... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See subject: "Eat your words" http://it.slashdot.org/comment... in a 244++:1 ratio from your /. peers against your quoted bs there & statements now dimwit!

    Funniest part's that THAT's DOUBLED in my favor since then too!

    * LMAO...

    (You really ought to CHANGE YOUR DIET: "eating your words" != GOOD nutrition Sardaukar86...)

    APK

    P.S.=> Tell us: How does "eating your words" in a 244++:1 ratio against you taste? Can't be TOO good, spiced w/ the 'bitter taste of SELF-DEFEAT', & rammed down your throat since your FOOT'S IN YOUR MOUTH too, lmao... apk

    1. Re:Your /. peers say otherwise so... by Anonymous+Cow+Ward · · Score: 1

      Funny how you don't count the -1 posts against your ratio. I expect that would change it significantly.

      --
      Examine even your most deeply held beliefs. Nobody is always right.
  38. Ah, Sigmund /. "SiDeWaLk ShRiNk" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    LMAO - see subject: Do you have a formal examination of myself given in a professional psychiatric environs & are you a licensed, degreed, & practicing psychiatric professional?

    HELL NO!

    * CLUE/New NEWS/NewsFlash: You're libeling myself & YOU HAVE DELUSIONS OF GRANDEUR thinking you're Sigmund SLASHDOT the "SiDeWaLk ShRiNk" (lol)...

    APK

    P.S.=> Libelous unidentifiable ac trolls with delusions of grandeur are just (& you KNOW I've just GOTTA say it, as per my usual "inimitiable style" don't you? Of course you do!) "too, Too, TOO EASY - just '2ez'" to dispatch with SUPERIOR LOGIC I possess & facts... everytime! apk

  39. Quoting you on this one, lol by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Oh, here we go again, 'anonymous people' that pop up out of the woodwork who definitely surely completely aren't Sardaukar86" - by Sardaukar86 (850333) on Friday July 03, 2015 @07:45PM (#50041659)

    LMAO - Now go "eat your words" FOOL -> http://it.slashdot.org/comment... & tell us:

    * HOW DOES EATING YOUR WORDS TASTE?

    APK

    P.S.=> Especially considering they're a result of your "illogic logic" ad hominem attacks - lol, talk about SELF-DEFEAT & it's "bitter taste", topping it off with your FOOT IN YOUR MOUTH "ramming them down" your throat too?

    LMAO - perfect!

    See - Only YOU, Sardaukar86, could BLUNDER so perfectly & EVERY SINGLE TIME you do it, lol... apk

    1. Re:Quoting you on this one, lol by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Kill yourself. Seriously.

  40. Sardaukar86: Master of "illogic logic"! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See subject: Sardaukar86 @ his finest in "logic" http://slashdot.org/comments.p... complete with profanities + illogical ad hominem attacks. It always makes us laugh when you attempt your brand of "illogic logic". That's a prime example of it in that link.

  41. More to the point by s.t.a.l.k.e.r._loner · · Score: 1

    What the hell would be the point of an orbiting colony? The expense is astronomical (er, sorry...), the logistics are mind-boggling, and the huge technological barriers to colonizing another planet are flippantly brushed away with as-yet nonexistent sci-fi solutions. There's nothing to be gained by having humans living in orbit of another planet. None of the hinted-at scientific discoveries, no miraculous breakthroughs in materials science have occurred, nothing. The great advances made in astronomy and space exploration since the moon landing have been achieved with unmanned probes: this is the future of space exploration. Sending people up there is not beneficial in relation to its extremely high cost: hell, if huge amounts of gold were as close as orbiting the earth, there's no possible way it could even be cost-effective to retrieve it.

  42. Seriously take your own advice... apk by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    See subject: Keep "eating your words" Sardaukar86 by ac post http://it.slashdot.org/comment... - you'll DIE of MALNUTRITION, R O T F L M A O!

    * :)

    APK

    P.S.=> You're ridiculously easy to outwit, did you know that? Well, now you do... apk