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Help Save Endangered Rhinos by Making Artificial Horns (Video)

Black Rhinoceros horn material sells for $65,000 per kilo. The rhinos are rare, which helps up the price, but the horn is also prized "as a fever-reducer, a cosmetic, an aphrodisiac, a hangover care. And so people highly value it in the Vietnamese and Chinese cultures. So we are trying to reduce that value by increasing the supply," says Jennifer Kaehms of Pembient, a company that's working to make artificial rhino horns that are not only chemically indistinguishable from the natural variety, but are 3-D printed to look the same. The idea is that if they can flood the market with human-made rhino horns, it will cut poaching -- which is a big deal because there are only about 5,000 black rhinos left in the whole world.

They have a crowdfunding appeal on experiment.com looking for help in sequencing the black rhino genome. At this writing, it has two days to run and has only raised $12,831 of its $16,500 goal. The results will be open sourced, and once the black rhino is on its way to salvation, they plan to work on the white rhino, then move on to killing the black market for ivory and tiger pelts, which don't sell for as much as rhino horns but are valuable enough to keep an international horde of poachers in business.

28 of 202 comments (clear)

  1. Sounds like they don't get it at all by kheldan · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's not the chemical makeup of rhino horn that makes it valuable to people, it's the 'mystical' properties of it. It's pure superstition.

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    1. Re:Sounds like they don't get it at all by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Which is why they're not selling it as a rhino horn alternative. They appear to be going out of their way to make people believe it IS rhino horn, so all the mystical BS that people attach to it isn't removed from the equation.

    2. Re:Sounds like they don't get it at all by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      But if they can flood the markets with indistinguishable counterfeits, that should drop the price enough that actually going to Africa to shoot rhinos and smuggling the horns back is no longer a profitable exercise.

    3. Re:Sounds like they don't get it at all by MrL0G1C · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And if the people selling the Rhino horns think they can fake them and still sell them then they obviously will - far more profit.

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    4. Re:Sounds like they don't get it at all by Bing+Tsher+E · · Score: 3

      Also add in some powdered amanita phalloides. Just for flavor. Superstitious people striving for special animal rarities deserve a treat.

  2. Cheap Knockoffs by IMightB · · Score: 2

    Won't flooding the market with cheap knockoff's only increase the value and desirability of the real deal?

    1. Re:Cheap Knockoffs by QilessQi · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The point is that no one will be able to tell which is which. It's the same idea as destabilizing an economy by flooding the market with high-quality counterfeit bills.

    2. Re:Cheap Knockoffs by hawguy · · Score: 2

      The point is that no one will be able to tell which is which. It's the same idea as destabilizing an economy by flooding the market with high-quality counterfeit bills.

      Sure, but if they flood the market and the horns become more popular and more available (even if they are fake), it's not going to drop the price to zero, it will just increase overall demand. I suspect that even if the price dropped precipitously from $65K/kg to $1K/kg, there would still be people willing to kill rhinos for the real thing.

      Maybe they'd be better off tranquilizing the real rhinos, removing their horns, and replacing them with 3d printed fakes (that are a different color or have some other characteristic that identifies them as fake). At least then it removes the incentive to kill the rhino to steal a fake horn that looks fake.

    3. Re:Cheap Knockoffs by tomhath · · Score: 3, Insightful

      There have been efforts to cut off the horns in the past (no need to replace them with a fake, 3D printed or otherwise because it's mostly for display). The problem is that poachers don't shoot rhinos that are running around loose; they use snares or traps that kill indiscriminately, whether the horn has already been removed or not.

      The best solution is to cut the market price. By flooding the market with knock-offs the price will drop enough that it won't be worth the effort and risk to kill a rhino for its horn. And maybe (maybe) idiots will stop buying it because they know that what they're buying is almost certainly fake. A poacher in Africa would know he has the real thing, but by the time it gets to Asia everyone will claim to be selling the real thing, even though most will be fake.

  3. Got a better idea by NotDrWho · · Score: 2, Funny

    How about teaching backwoods-asshole Chinese and Vietnamese that not every rare animal part will make their dick harder or bigger?

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    1. Re:Got a better idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      How about teaching backwoods-asshole Chinese and Vietnamese that not every rare animal part will make their dick harder or bigger?

      That would be easier than teaching whitetrash-asshole in America that climate change is real?

  4. At 65k per kilo by Crashmarik · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It should self fund.

    1. Re:At 65k per kilo by nitehawk214 · · Score: 2

      Or use the money they get to dump even more of the things on the market until the entire market collapses. You wouldn't want this thing to be for-profit, as this would encourage them to not kill the market and keep the rhino horn black market going.

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  5. Privatize them by paulpach · · Score: 5, Interesting

    In 1900 there were less than 20 white rhinos left due to poaching for their horns. In 2010 there were 20,000. This success was accomplished by privatizing the white rhinos.

    Today, the black rhinos face the exact same threat, and we don't know what to do?!? Is this a racist thing (lol) ?

    In case you are wondering why this worked: If I own the last 20 white rhinos, they are worth a fortune. I have a tremendous economic incentive to protect them from poaching and reproduce them. Eventually as their population grows, I might be able to sell some for profit and the new owners would also have the incentive to protect and reproduce theirs. As supply grows, the value of an individual rhino drops and eventually it might be economical to sell them to hunters. If there are too many rhinos the free market would hunt them, and if there are too few the free market would protect them, keeping a stable and sustainable population. This is why any animal we can own (chickens, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, etc...) are not in any danger of extinction.

    1. Re:Privatize them by idontgno · · Score: 2

      <protest>Black horns matter!</protest>

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    2. Re:Privatize them by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      In case you are wondering why this worked: If I own the last 20 white rhinos, they are worth a fortune. I have a tremendous economic incentive to protect them from poaching and reproduce them.

      But what is your economic incentive to grow the population if you have the last 20? Wouldn't you maximize their value by keeping their numbers down?

      Let's assume for the sake of argument that the curative effects of rhino horn are purely fictional (thought I suspect a rhino horn might give you an erection if you stick it up your ass). If you increase supply, don't you bring the price down, allowing more people to try rhino horn and then find out the sexual-enhancement properties are baloney.

      It's the rarity of the rhino horn that makes them so sought-after, not their efficacy. And regarding the PERC link, do you know that the greater availability of white rhino horn has just made demand for the black rhino horn greater, thus making them even more vulnerable to poaching?

      The thing about "free market environmentalism" is the complete unwillingness to see external effects of "enviropreneurship".

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    3. Re:Privatize them by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

      Yes, but why would the owner of a herd of rhinos want to maximize the value of an individual rhino?

      We're talking magic here. When you're selling magical properties, rarity is a selling point. If everyone on my block can now get the magic rhino horn, it's worth less to me (assuming I believe in rhino horn's magical effectiveness in treating erectile dysfunction).

      Do you think that farmers try to maximize the value of an individual ear of corn?

      Ears of corn don't have magical properties. They have an actual utility (term of art) that is not dependent on myth and hype (unless we're talking about Roundup corn).

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  6. Re:Sounds like the perfect cover... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    No no no. Poachers do it for the money, not for the difficulty and risk. Make fakes good enough and no need to go shooting. (If you could print perfect money - why work.)

    It is about time. The chinese fakes all sorts of things and try to sell to us. (Famous brands and fake drugs) Why not fake the stuff superstitious chinese wants? Powdered rhino horn is also popular - the powder would be even easier to fake. No structure there.

  7. chemistry vs genetics by duckintheface · · Score: 4, Informative

    They want to make rhino horn so they are sequencing the genes? These two ideas have almost nothing to do with each other. If they were raising funds for chemical analysis of horn material or for purchasing 3D printers, it might make sense. They are unlikely to get much helpful information from a genetic analysis that will help with making fake horns. Seems like the person who posted this story was not paying attention.

    --
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    1. Re:chemistry vs genetics by Fwipp · · Score: 2

      The summary is pretty misleading.

      The crowdfunding project to sequence the black rhino genome is not a prerequisite to their goal of making rhino horns, no. If you click through, it appears to just research that they hope will lead to better understanding of black rhino subspecies:

      Sequencing the black rhino genome is just the first step. The data from this project will be used to create a biobank of genomic data for the remaining 8 subspecies of black rhino. Three are already extinct. We intend to use this project as a catalyst to sequence all subspecies of black rhino and understand the genetic divergence within and between rhino species.

      This will be a foundation that future researcher can utilize and could possibly help bring the three currently extinct black rhinoceros subspecies back into existence

      Whether that last goal is at all realistic... that depends largely on whether they have DNA from the extinct rhinos on hand.

    2. Re:chemistry vs genetics by Flyskippy1 · · Score: 3, Informative

      I don't see it in this article, but I saw another article about the same topic a while ago.

      The genetic sequencing is necessary so that they can create artificial DNA sequences to include in the fake horns. Otherwise you could easily detect the fake horns by doing a DNA test on a sample. The point is to make it as hard as possible to distinguish the real from the counterfeit.

  8. Why hasn't anybody started breeding rhinos? by Qbertino · · Score: 2

    What I don't get is this: If Rhino Horn powder is such a big deal with so many idiots - why hasn't anybody started breeding them? Sounds like a license to print money to me. Clearly some african nation must've thought of that, no? ... And you can take a Rhinos horn *without* killing it.

    --
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  9. White Rhino saved by state-run national reserve. by Whiney+Mac+Fanboy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Privatization? WTF are you talking about?

    The white Rhino was saved by the establishment of the Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park. The last 20 Rhinos were not privately owned, but protected by the state.

    Had they been privately owned, they would almost certainly now be extinct. The idea that private enterprise would conserve and endangered animal for some far off future benefit when it is generally incapable of seeing past the next quarter is not just stupid, but dangerous.

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  10. Re:White Rhino saved by state-run national reserve by liquidsin · · Score: 2

    The U.S. military slaughtered bison to control native populations. Small herds were kept and bred by private ranchers to save the species from extinction.

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  11. Re: Sounds like the perfect cover... by oobayly · · Score: 2

    Have you been on eBay recently?

  12. Re:White Rhino saved by state-run national reserve by KGIII · · Score: 2

    I think they are talking about the results of that group. They sent off the white rhinos into other areas and established a breeding program (as far as I recall). Some of that was done in private parks which operated for profit. I think that may be where they are getting this "information."

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  13. Re:Stupid by Karmashock · · Score: 2

    How long do you think it will take before the buyers start insisting that something extra be attached to the horn?... like part of the skull? Maybe a little dried flesh and some blood?

    In a market floodeded with fakes, the poachers will have an incentive to demonstrate they have the real thing.

    I am pulling fool proof ways to show you have a REAL horn out of my ass. Your master plan is not as clever as you think it is.

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  14. Re:White Rhino saved by state-run national reserve by Charliemopps · · Score: 2

    The privatization of the herds has been well documented and is a very interesting success story. I've seen at least 2 documentaries on it.
    http://www.smithsonianmag.com/...

    Basically, if you're a big game hunter, there's not much left to hunt. So people raise the Rhinos on farms and then sell them for hunting or whatever... They sell for tens of thousands of dollars, far more than their horns are worth, so you can rest assured the farmers protect them ferociously.

    The problem with this approach is that a lot of endangered species aren't something someone would want to "Buy" so it only works for animals that look good in a trophy room. In the U.S. for example, most of the surviving large animals are ones that hunters protect because they like to hunt them. Around me, hunters have reintroduced wild turkeys, black bears, cougars, bobcats, etc... none of those species lived around here when I was a kid, but a couple of years ago my father hit a black bear that was big enough to total his F150. They're so plentiful they're a nuisance now. Hunters are some of the most involved conservationists there are.

    Make the Rhinos more valuable alive than dead, and the problem solves itself.