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How Putin Tried To Control the Internet (vice.com)

derekmead writes: In this excerpt from the recently published The Red Web, Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan describe how the Kremlin has been trying to rewrite the rules for the internet to make it "secure" as it is understood by Russia's secret services. "Vladimir Putin was certain that all things in the world—including the internet—existed with a hierarchical, vertical structure. He was also certain that the internet must have someone controlling it at the top. He viewed the United States with suspicion, thinking the Americans ruled the web and that it was a CIA project. Putin wanted to end that supremacy. Just as he attempted to change the rules inside Russia, so too did he attempt to change them for the world. The goal was to make other countries, especially the United States, accept Russia's right to control the internet within its borders, to censor or suppress it completely if the information circulated online in any way threatened Putin's hold on power."

39 of 245 comments (clear)

  1. Why don't we just say it? by Chas · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Freedom and government are mutually antagonistic concepts.

    --


    Chas - The one, the only.
    THANK GOD!!!
    1. Re:Why don't we just say it? by mrchaotica · · Score: 4, Insightful

      How is this a troll? It's fundamentally correct!

      That's why in America, the Bill of Rights -- whose purpose is to protect the people's freedom -- is written in terms of imposing limitations on the government. In other words, it doesn't say "the people have X right," it says "the government shall not infringe the people's right of X." That's totally by design, because the Framers understood the point the OP just made.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    2. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      So mutch propaganda against Putin and Russia... you must be really buthurt by their legal intervention in Siria against USA sponsored moderate terrorists...

      Stop it already!!!

    3. Re:Why don't we just say it? by fightinfilipino · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Freedom and government are mutually antagonistic concepts.

      that's an incredibly silly comment. there are extremes of course (China, Russia, North Korea...), but in democratic and open societies, governments are necessary to ensure freedoms exist. who else would there be to ensure criminals don't deprive others of their freedoms? who else would there be to ensure contracts are enforced and not just useless words on paper? without courts, who would determine if people have been injured or mistreated and ensure justice for those people? these are roles that only the government can play, not corporations or for-profit organizations, or individuals on their own. and what do you call individuals getting together to ensure the rights of all, not for a profit but because it's the right thing to do? a government.

    4. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Immerman · · Score: 2

      And? Just because it's necessary doesn't mean it's not also inherently antagonistic.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    5. Re:Why don't we just say it? by roman_mir · · Score: 2, Insightful

      No government is required to settle individual disputes, people invented courts for such thing around the world that can operate without any government structure. This is also true for criminal courts, no government authority is needed for that.

      The rights of all ensure the right of individuals to not be oppressed for profiting.

      Before any further discussion, realize that rights are protections against government oppression and nothing more. The concept of a right only makes sense as a protection against government oppression, that's because a government is a structure, not an individual or another form of organization. An individual or a private organization infringing on an individual life, freedom or property can be dealt with via a criminal court (again, no government required). A government however cannot ever be punished through any criminal court, no government official will be blamed personally and there is no way to dissolve a government simply because it infringes on individual life, freedom and property.

      Because there is no way to punish a government, if a government is allowed to exist at all it should be forced to abide by the rules that prevent oppression, those are individual rights: protections against government oppression.

      A right of an individual not to be oppressed by a government must not be infringed, if it is, if a government takes away individual life, freedom or property it has to be done only within very strict limits authorised to the government. Of-course that is how USA started (supposedly) but very quickly that idea degenerated and individual rights are routinely abused by government structures and officials.

      A government is not only antagonistic to individual freedom, a government is inherently antithetical to individual freedom, which is why government structures degenerate into oppressive even if initially set up as protective of individual freedoms. That happens because politicians cater to mob (majority of voters) desires for free stuff, which implies abuse of rights of (always) a minority of voters.

      Vast majority of people (the mob) are not really interested in ensuring that their government does not oppress rights of individuals, they are only interested in their own specific benefit and class warfare shows that their interest goes beyond simple desire for free stuff, many (collectivists: socialists/fascists/communists/Marxists) are specifically interested in removing individual rights of those, who manage to be better off than they are under any circumstances.

      Collectivism (socialism / fascism / communism / Marxism) and individual rights are incompatible in nature, governments tend to be collectivist if they are not specifically dictatorial.

    6. Re:Why don't we just say it? by ememisya · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I agree with you. The Constitution pretty much states: "Don't be a dick. The English were, that's why we're here and not there, shit can get pretty complicated and people can legally become slaves to the King. So you're free (ish, slaves aren't really one of us so, don't mind those guys) and we won't document your every fart 24/7-365. Also we're not going to charge you money for bullshit reasons without showing you clearly what we're doing with it. Our whole purpose is to make sure this game doesn't break apart and make sure no single power owns it all. Right now that's the case with England so screw those guys, lets just raise our families here away from all that monarchy in peace. Thanks."

      That should be the spirit of every law as it's the core abstraction of our nation. So yea, fuck Putin, that asshole! Who does he think he is? Taking over Ukraine and shit! What is he gonna do? Bomb brown people next? Heeeell naw, you Internet controlling douche bag!

      (samzenpus was useful for a change, that's quite refreshing.)

    7. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Zak3056 · · Score: 4, Informative

      This illustrates a common misunderstanding of the constitution.
      The constitution is not the law of the land. It is a framework that defines what all laws of the united states must abide.

      While the spirit of your post has it right, the wording of it leaves a little to be desired The Constitution itself does in fact claim (along with federal laws and treaties) to be the supreme law of the land.

      This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.

      --
      What part of "shall not be infringed" is so hard to understand?
    8. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Archtech · · Score: 3, Funny

      I didn't know Putin was backing Obama now. Where did you hear that?

      --
      I am sure that there are many other solipsists out there.
    9. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Chas · · Score: 4, Insightful

      There you go then.

      The US isn't a democracy.

      It's a democratic republic.

      While, semantically, the difference seems tiny, the actual difference is fairly significant.

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    10. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Immerman · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Nobody said opposite - merely antagonistic. There is a delicate balance to be struck.

      Any time you have a government, or at least all the attempts to date, you concentrate power into the hands of a few people. That power attracts those who would like to exploit it, and they invariably seek to increase their power (aka the power of the government), necessarily at the expense of the power of the populace (aka freedom). This is apparent in every government in the history of the world, and we have yet to find any way to keep to avoid it. If the populace wishes to preserve their freedoms then they must actively resist those seeking to consolidate power for their own ends.

      Thus the two are mutually antagonistic, both pulling the balance of centralized power versus individual freedom in opposite directions. Ideally they would remain in some happy medium where freedom was at a maximum, where decreasing government would lose more freedoms to anarchy than it gains from granting more liberties, and likewise increasing government would lose more freedom to oppression than is won from reducing anarchy.

      In practice we've yet to find any system that maintains such a benevolent steady state. In recorded history the balance tends to follow something like an inclined sawtooth function - government gradually expands and freedom declines, until things get bad enough that the populace unites and demands their freedoms back, and usually some new ones as well, and the cycle continues, plotting a ragged increase in freedoms over time. Of course there's always those failed states where the balance has tipped strongly towards anarchy, but the global trend seems to suggest that as a species we're still firmly on the "excessively strong government" side of the game.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    11. Re:Why don't we just say it? by Unnamed+Chickenheart · · Score: 2

      I thought the U.S. was a plutocracy :^)

      --
      urd
  2. I'm not normally one to say things like this... by Sasayaki · · Score: 5, Insightful

    But this reads purely as propaganda.

    "Putin is Lawful Evil, guys. He wants to control the Internet! He wants to rule over it, and over YOU, and you should hate and fear and oppose whatever he does because that's what's good for America!"

    It may be largely true, maybe, that Putin believes that Russia should have domain over the Internet as it exists within Russia's borders, and there's certainly some precedent for that. Even sense. Nation-states exist to further their own interests, and the interests of their citizens.

    The USA installs leaders in third world nations all over the globe based on the single, sole criteria of how loyal they are to the USA.

    Russia does the exact same thing.

    Great Briton did the exact same thing in the past.

    The People's Republic of China will do the exact same thing in the future.

    It's not news at all that governments seek to control the affairs of their citizens domestically and as much as they can internationally. This is the world of global politics. It's not different simply because it deals with the Internet; that's not to say it's necessarily good, or moral, or even wise, but that's how the game is played.

    --
    Check out my sci-fi book "Lacuna" at http://goo.gl/MVxX8
    1. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by phishybongwaters · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I agree, this is pure propaganda. We're supposed to demonize Putin for attempting to do what the US government, CIA, NSA, DHS, MPAA,RIAA are actively doing? Get fucking bent with this blatant anti-russia propaganda.

    2. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by He+Who+Has+No+Name · · Score: 4, Insightful

      ...or, we could be a free people and demonize them both, equally, for attempting to control us.

      It's not propaganda if it's an objectively accurate depiction of events. Then it's simply uncomfortably truthful.

    3. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by Sasayaki · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I am also Australian. I have no love for Putin, but I also have no love for blatant propaganda dressed up as news.

      --
      Check out my sci-fi book "Lacuna" at http://goo.gl/MVxX8
    4. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by Sasayaki · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I agree. Just because the NSA does it doesn't make Russia doing it right, and just because the NSA does it doesn't make Russia doing it wrong.

      Russia interfering with the Internet is wrong because it's wrong.

      The NSA interfering with the Internet is wrong because it's wrong.

      --
      Check out my sci-fi book "Lacuna" at http://goo.gl/MVxX8
    5. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by Zontar_Thing_From_Ve · · Score: 4, Informative

      But this reads purely as propaganda.

      It does because you don't understand how Russia works. Are you aware that Russia requires almost all foreign citizens to have visas to travel there? Nothing so unusual in that. More developed countries do that all the time. Australia's rules for travel there are possibly even stricter than the ones the USA has. But do you know why Russia requires visas? It's because that's how it always was. Back in the days of the tsar, he had to personally approve foreigners getting legal permission to visit Russia. The USSR continued the practice of requiring visas for foreigners (well, I can't speak to what requirements were for Eastern Block citizens but people in the West needed them) to limit access because foreigners have "dangerous" ideas. Russia still requires visas today for almost everybody even though outside of some of the ex-USSR, few foreigners actually want to stay illegally in Russia today. And until a few years ago you would not believe what foreign "guests" had to do in terms of getting visas registered each time they stayed in a city more than 3 working days. They did get rid of that requirement at least. I've read accounts of it taking many hours of waiting at a local police station just to get them to register your visa. The penalty for failure to register was a possible large fine that had to be paid in cash on departure (I think it was $1000 US or so) and the possibility to have future visa applications automatically denied. This is all about control and "It's how we've always done it" more than anything else.

      Have you ever talked to Russian people? I mean those who live there. You might be surprised that there's a really common belief that goes back to the days of the tsar that the guy in charge is benevolent and kind and caring and all those who work under him are responsible for the evil that gets done in his name and if only the top guy knew what they were doing, he'd stop it. This is part of why a surprising large percentage of Russians still believe that Stalin was a great guy even though Khrushchev gave a famous speech repudiating Stalin and his evil deeds and his "cult of personalty". Khrushchev's time in power was probably the high water mark of the USSR in terms of achievements and quality of life and he was forced from power and I suspect today viewed very negatively by the same people who believe that homicidal maniac Stalin was the greatest leader they ever had.

      The reason Putin wants control over the internet within Russia is the same reason that China controls it. They fear that power of it to link protesters who might overthrow them. Their fears are different (ie. Russia has no problem with Facebook while China fears it) but both control it to keep the status quo in power. The big difference is that Russians unfortunately grow up believing that everything their government tells them is true, especially if the guy at the top says it. In China, few educated people believe anything their government tells them, but as long as the government mostly leaves them alone, they accept the reality of living under what in effect is an illegal dictatorship.

    6. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      You are incorrect. Looks like you still live 30 years ago, may be still under tsar.
      Typically the reason why a visa is required for a westerner to visit Russia -
      because western countries require visa for Russians to visit them. It is always mutual.
      Negotiations drag for years. Look at the list of the countries without visa required:
        http://www.visitrussia.org.uk/visaform/not-need
      You now why Turkey, Brazil or Thailand require no visa to visit Russia -
      because they do not require visa from Russians to visit them.

    7. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by Thor+Ablestar · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Have you ever talked to Russian people? I mean those who live there. You might be surprised that there's a really common belief that goes back to the days of the tsar that the guy in charge is benevolent and kind and caring ... Khrushchev's time in power was probably the high water mark of the USSR in terms of achievements and quality of life... homicidal maniac Stalin was the greatest leader they ever had.

      1. The monarch is never ideal. But he can survive ONLY with his people. Either it makes him at least slightly benevolent and caring, or he is overthrown and killed. In contrast, the democratically elected President can do everything he wishes and run away immediately after his term.

      2. The first thing Khrushchev did was to destroy the private agriculture. And we Russians have LOTS of political jokes about him depicting him as an active idiot.

      3. Yes, Stalin was a dictator (I tell it as a grandson of Kulak). But Stalin spent the results of his dictatorship EFFICIENTLY. No other maniac in the world did it.

    8. Re:I'm not normally one to say things like this... by wwalker · · Score: 2

      Jeebus, what a crock of... more propaganda. Pretty much all countries require a visa if your own country also requires a visa for the citizens of the other country (tsar or no tsar). A lot of countries require a visa for Russians to enter, so Russia does the same. Pretty much the only reason. If US would agree to admit Russians without a visa (haha!), Russia would do the same. There are 38 countries whose citizens don't need a visa to enter Russia:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

        Tsars had to personally approve foreigners entering Russia? Really? Personally?! And that's why Russia still requires a visa now? Did you know that it was common for wealthy families in Russia to have live-in French nannies for their children in 19th century? Did tsar also had to *personally* approve every French nanny entering Russia?

  3. Had to be said ... by stongef · · Score: 2

    In Soviet Russia, the internet is searching you!

  4. Re:Putin's View of the Internet by Chris+Mattern · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I'd trust the Russians 1000%+ more than the US with the net.

    Then you're a fool. The US wants to eavesdrop on everything said on the net, and that's bad. The Russians want to control what's said on the net, and that's worse.

  5. Re:Putin's View of the Internet by oh_my_080980980 · · Score: 2

    Wow Putin's troll brigade is out in full force. Dasvidanya Comrade.

  6. Re:Putin's View of the Internet by Sperbels · · Score: 5, Informative

    Really? The US is far from benevolent, but it's far more benevolent than Russia in terms of censorship and dragging you off in the middle of the night to the gulag.

  7. Wow by fluffernutter · · Score: 2

    Wow that's a lot different then how the US is trying to control the internet. Yay for thinking out of the box!

    --
    Laws are rules for the court, but merely a bottom bar to hit for life. Think beyond laws in your actions always.
  8. How Very Strange by Gim+Tom · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I had the same problem with a manager back when the Internet was new and we were beginning to use it where I worked. He called me in one day and wanted to know exactly WHO ran it and how they could be reached if necessary. When I explained that there was no one person, organization or country that ran it an how it was a network or more or less independent networks he really couldn't get his head around that at all. I guess it was kind of mind blowing for him coming from a background in SNA ( IBM System Network Architecture). I guess I got off easy. I sure as hell wouldn't have wanted to be the one that gave that news to Putin.

  9. Not just Putin by JustNiz · · Score: 2

    How is this a Putin thing? Many if not most other governments are trying different approaches to pretty much the same goal (e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/..., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...).

  10. How is Russia different? by Opportunist · · Score: 2

    So the Russian government doesn't have any clue about the internet and wants to control it and control what content may and may not be published.

    *sniff* I never thought that I'd live to see the day when the Russkies embrace our culture!

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  11. In Soviet Russia, Internet never disconnects YOU! by Thor+Ablestar · · Score: 5, Interesting

    how-putin-tried-to-control-the-internet (In Russian)

    In short: Russian govt (Comms Ministry and Comms Supervision: Minkomsvyaz and Roskomnadzor) had performed a simulation of disconnect of Russia from the global Internet this spring. They have found that Russia is still connected, and they could not understand by what means it stays connected. They think that the problem is in lots of small providers (up to 11000 Internet providers licenses total) that have satellite links abroad.

    Full Disclosure: I live in Russia. And I am quite glad that the experiment failed.

  12. Re:Putin's View of the Internet by JazzLad · · Score: 3, Informative

    I'll just leave this here.

    You have to click the sorting cell, or if you are too lazy, here's a spoiler:
    USA #2
    Russian Federation #11


    Of course this only includes countries we can know these numbers, North Korea isn't #1 as their numbers are not known

    --
    "If you have nothing to hide, you have nothing to fear." - Every fascist, ever
  13. Re:Smart man by Thor+Ablestar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    No. As a Russian I think it's just not a Putin's idea. It looks as an initiative of Parliament that went out of control. We name our Duma "a rabid printer". The govt opposes it but cannot do against the law.

    For instance, our law requires to add "The terrorist organization prohibited in Russia" every time ISIS (and a lot of other organizations) is mentioned in media. Also, the photos from the famous Victory Parade (where Hitler's banners with Swastikas were thrown to the basement of Lenin's Mausoleum) are banned because they depict the Swastikas. And also it's a requirement for me to know all the list of prohibited information in order to avoid posting something from this list. We use this list as a recommendation list and wait impatiently for the next issue.

  14. Still want to end US control of the Internet? by mi · · Score: 2

    Every bit of control over the Internet, that the US surrenders, is the bit, that governments like China and Russia pick up.

    --
    In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
  15. Re: Control Freaks by jmac_the_man · · Score: 2
    What does that even mean? Look at this Slashdot post. There's people from all over the world commenting on an article that they all theoretically read. (Yeah, I know.) This is available in part because there IS NO central control over the Internet (which was created in the US to be a shared resource) or over the Web (which was created in Europe as a shared resource to make the Internet more useful.)

    Putin's plan was to take over the Internet and censor it. That is unequivocally a bad thing, and opposition to it shouldn't be dismissed as bickering or "not sharing." Dope.

  16. Re:Putin's View of the Internet by david_thornley · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It never ceases to amaze me that he's got a group of shills for Slashdot. I had no idea we were so important.

    --
    "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
  17. Effects operations by zedaroca · · Score: 2
    Most of what the article says is that the Russians were evil and paranoids, that they were afraid of what the NSA and GCHQ call effects operations, but that keyword (and the fact that they were right to be afraid) is not mentioned in the article. Very strange to forget that after two years of Snowden. Here is an article about psyops and effects operations, it mentions the 4 D's (deny, disrupt, degrade, deceive). Check these pages to get a sense of how correct they were to be afraid about the manipulation from the west.

    Effects in GCHQ (...) Now major part of business - 5% of Operations

    Propaganda, Deception, Mass messaging, Pushing stories, Alias development, Psychology (quotes from the EFF slides, punctuation is mine)

    While I do think controlling the content of the Internet is wrong, and I'm glad the Russians can't do it, it seems wrong to criticize those who wanted to do it in self-defense from people who is actually controlling it, specially without mentioning that and pretending they were paranoid.

  18. here's ~all you need to understand by Escogido · · Score: 2

    1. Russians were (in various ways still are) bad in psy-ops. Internet, as a great medium for subverting Russians was (and still is), a threat to the regime. For better or worse for the Russians being subverted, is a separate question - but in that regard, the generals were correct.
    2. Controlling the internet the Chinese way is certainly a way to mitigate the psy-warfare, but the cost is way too high. Not going to preach merits of free flow of information and discussion to the slashdot choir. :)
    3. As Russians got better at waging this war, they realized there are ways to deal with this within the existing Internet framework.

    Overall, the article is an anti-Russian and anti-Putin propaganda piece, which is not surprising nor remarkable (not that it matters much though, as it does raise a few valid concerns).

    What is more important today is not what the article is about. The biggest potential problem with the Internet architecture is the possibility of the US cutting off Russia's access to it, should the relationship between the two countries degrade to that level. This is not a theoretical scenario; Apple and Google went as far as shutting off their services for a part of Russia, and that can be seen as a first step of cutting Russia off the network. This prompted the Russian Security Council (that really makes all high level decisions in the country) to consider providing an alternative system that can be switched to in case of things going down fast. I suspect this system, once live, may be seriously considered for switching over to, partly for the reasons outlined in the article, with the "rest of the internet" accessible through some sort of a government-controlled gateway. Which would be a loss for everyone, but what are you going to do.

  19. Re:Cats ... by Opyros · · Score: 2

    "How are you gentlemen? All of your Internet are belong to us." --Cats

  20. Re:In Soviet Russia, Internet never disconnects YO by bentcd · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Full Disclosure: I live in Russia. And I am quite glad that the experiment failed.

    Failed? No, it provided a roadmap.

    What Russia needs to do to control the domestic network is start consolidating/nationalizing the ISP sector so that you end up with half a dozen big ISPs which can then be controlled by the government directly or indirectly.

    Next the network hardware market will need to be heavily regulated so that only approved entities can legally get access to the equipment necessary to establish satellite or radio uplinks.

    With this in place the rogue uplink problem can be eliminated and Putin can have his control. So I'd look out for those things starting to happen, if they do you have 5-10 years of internet freedom left before the lockdown sets in.

    --
    sigs are hazardous to your health