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An Experiment Could Determine Whether Gravity Is Quantized (forbes.com)

TheAlexKnapp writes: Physicist Brian Koberlein explains an experimental proposal by Großardt et al, which would attempt to determine whether gravity is quantized. "Their idea," explains Koberlein, "is to take a charged disk of osmium with a mass of about a billionth of a gram and suspend it an electric field. This is small enough that its energy levels in the electric field would take on quantum behavior when cooled to temperatures a fraction of a Kelvin above absolute zero, but its also massive enough that its gravitational pull would affect the quantum behavior."

The two primary approaches to a quantum gravity, the "perturbative approach" and "the semi-classical method," predict different results from this type of interaction. So the results of the experiment, could, in principle, elucidate the right approach for developing future theories of quantum gravity.

134 comments

  1. arXiv links by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Proposed experiment: arXiv:1510.01696.
    More detailed theory: arXiv:1510.01262.
    See also blog post.

    1. Re:arXiv links by VernonNemitz · · Score: 1

      I'm curious about the choice to use osmium. Sure, it is the densest element, but iridium is almost the same density and osmium easily forms toxic compounds while iridium doesn't (easily, I mean).

    2. Re:arXiv links by HiThere · · Score: 2

      While there may be problems with fabrication, I don't think toxic compounds are going to be a problem. They want it to be small enough that they're going to need to shield it from atmospheric contact anyway. No dust, no water condensing, no chemical reactions. They need to avoid all of those in an experiment this sensitive.

      I might wonder about the choice of osmium, though, as it *IS* difficult to work, and the techniques for working indium are far more developed (due to it's use in LEDs).

      Still, even if indium would be easier, if they thought of osmium first, by the time they considered alternatives it might well not be worth the effort of changing. (And I'm not sure how much precision fabrication has been done with indium, so there might be *no* advantage. LEDs aren't exactly fabricated, after all.)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    3. Re:arXiv links by myowntrueself · · Score: 3, Funny

      I'm curious about the choice to use osmium. Sure, it is the densest element, but iridium is almost the same density and osmium easily forms toxic compounds while iridium doesn't (easily, I mean).

      Its very small and no one is going to eat it.

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    4. Re:arXiv links by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So.....does this mean that hovertanks are just around the corner?

      And practical interstellar travel?

      WOOHOO!

    5. Re:arXiv links by mister_playboy · · Score: 1

      It's so small you wouldn't even notice if you ate it.

      --
      Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law ::: Love is the law, love under will
    6. Re:arXiv links by iggymanz · · Score: 2

      osmium goes superconducting at 0.66 K, while indium 0.11 K

      That's much harder to achieve

    7. Re:arXiv links by Mr.CRC · · Score: 1

      He said iridium, not indium! Geez, I hope you aren't a pharmacist!

      Besides, indium as used in LEDs isn't fabricated into anything as metallic, elemental indium, but rather as part of compounds with other elements, aka, InGaN, InGaAs, etc.

    8. Re:arXiv links by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 1

      So we'll finally get a transformative hermeneutics of quantum gravity?

    9. Re:arXiv links by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Sorry, i did misread. And it didn't matter to the major point. The thing is not going to be exposed where it would have any chance of having chemical reactions.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
  2. One blank page by evanh · · Score: 1

    Not much gravity ... or anything else on Forbes

    1. Re:One blank page by ArsenneLupin · · Score: 1

      Why don't editors catch such shenanigans?

    2. Re:One blank page by Bengie · · Score: 2

      Same thing with all of my computers and browsers. Ohh wait... I just went to their home page, forbes.com, then clicked on the link in /. and it suddenly worked. Probably a broken cookie or something.

    3. Re: One blank page by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      forbes requires javascript and doesnt like hotlinks to articles. Thats why I boycott them.

    4. Re:One blank page by Snotnose · · Score: 1

      Forbes and LA Times are 2 sites I never visit as their pages don't render for me. There are also a few other newspaper sites that don't work, I suspect they're all owned by the same billionare.

      For the newspapers, by not work I mean I get a blank page for a couple seconds, then a normal page for about 1/10 of a second, blank page for a couple seconds, repeat forever.

  3. Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Does Time come in quanta?

    1. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yes. The smallest unit of time is called Planck time. Its sort of the frame rate of reality.

    2. Re:Cut to the chase by NEDHead · · Score: 2

      My issue arrives once per week

    3. Re: Cut to the chase by DahGhostfacedFiddlah · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Just to be clear, Planck units have no physical significance. They're just a convenient way of doing physics calculations because when you use Planck units, you can treat some fundamental constants as equal to 1.

      So Planck time isn't the frame rate of reality, it's just a really small unit that makes some calculations easier.

    4. Re:Cut to the chase by ColdWetDog · · Score: 3, Funny

      Does Time come in quanta?

      Nope. Cubes.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    5. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Yes. The smallest unit of time is called Planck time. Its sort of the frame rate of reality."

      Prove it.

    6. Re:Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If it does, it messes up a lot of physics, apparently: http://philsci-archive.pitt.ed...

    7. Re: Cut to the chase by cfalcon · · Score: 0

      What is an example of something that takes less than a Planck time to transpire? Can you point to an example where Planck time isn't the frame rate of reality?

    8. Re: Cut to the chase by arse+maker · · Score: 1

      from memory the plank length is the distance where the energy to measure it would create a black hole so its the limit of measurement.
      plank time is the length of time traveling at c to travel the plank length, so is also immeasurable.

      i would say it has the most extreme physical significance, its only in the theoretical it could be less significant.

    9. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      There is a huge difference between something being smaller than any single event and it being quantized by that amount. Even if you can't find an event quicker than that, it is possible time is continuous in such a way that the spacing between events is not an integer number of Planck time. In fact, there isn't really anything in quantum mechanics that says that time behaves that way at all, unless you want to tack on additional hypotheses (and it makes a mess of things).

      The Planck units are just multiplying fundamental constants together so that you get some value with the right units, and the significance of that is not necessarily quantization, but limits where extreme gravity and quantum mechanics would be present in the same setup. This either means we can speculate that such situations would require an understanding of quantum gravity, or would do something based on GR instead of quantum mechanics. The Planck mass is nothing extremely large or small for example, at a couple nanograms, although could be the largest mass a point particle can have before being a black hole (with some speculation).

    10. Re: Cut to the chase by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Maybe.

      I sort of tend to agree with you that everything is quantized at the Planck scale, but it's so small that I doubt we'll ever be able to check on it.

      OTOH, I'm a finitist. I don't believe in infinities or infinitesimals. I think that they are calculation aids that have been hypothecated. I, therefore, don't think ANY continuous function accurately maps onto reality. Many of them, however, come close enough that you can't tell the difference.

      To put it in other words, I believe the universe is digital, not analog. But we are parts of the universe, and so are the tools we use to observe it. And we are at a large enough scale above the level of granularity that we can't see the difference. (Just try to understand how small 10^-33 cm is.)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    11. Re:Cut to the chase by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Good paper. Anyone really interested should read it. But I feel he assumes continuity in places that I don't accept. (OTOH, I couldn't do a decent refutation, I just don't accept everything he says. Perhaps if I read it a few more times...)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    12. Re:Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Children will be blessed for Killing Of Educated Adults Who Ignore 4 Simultaneous Days Same Earth Rotation."

    13. Re:Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Found the updated, published version: http://www.sciencedirect.com/s...

      Not sure if it's behind a paywall, as I'm on an academic network.

    14. Re: Cut to the chase by cfalcon · · Score: 1

      So, no example is forthcoming?

    15. Re: Cut to the chase by lgw · · Score: 4, Informative

      Just to be clear, Planck units have no physical significance

      False. The Plank length is the smallest length that it could be possible to measure by any method. Classical ideas of size and distance likely fail many orders of magnitude above the Plank length, but it's certain that a distance or length shorter or more precise than Plank length is non-physical.

      It's the smallest scale at which a metric (from which concepts like "distance" and "length" come) makes physical sense. And from relativity we know that the Plank time is the same - no concept of "duration" makes physical sense at finer granularity than Plank time.

      The Plank mass is likely unimportant, however, unless those String theorists are actually right about something for once. Color me skeptical.

      However, none of this should be taken as justifying a view that the universe has a "frame rate" or could be described in terms of voxels. We know from relativity that those ideas also make no physical sense. (Also, anything like that would have a grain that would be totally obvious. There's no "special" directions at right angles to one another, no preferred physical axes.)

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    16. Re: Cut to the chase by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Your memory faults you.
      How something so small in your imagination meight cause a black hole by measuring it, is byond me.

      A 'plank length' is the distance light travels during one 'plank time'.

      How long 'one plank time' is, is left as an excercise to the reader.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    17. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thanks for confirming my feeling that the grandparent post is on to something important.

    18. Re: Cut to the chase by chihowa · · Score: 1

      The lack of an example doesn't give your theory any physical significance. A few hundred years ago, people could provide no examples of events that were quicker than a few hundred milliseconds and them suggesting that their observed value was the "frame-rate of the universe" would have been just as silly.

      Can you give some justification for why you think that a unit that was defined arbitrarily, to allow us to simplify calculations, is in fact the smallest unit of time possible? Additionally, why do you think that time is quantized at all?

      --
      If you want a vision of the future, imagine a youtube comments section scrolling - forever.
    19. Re: Cut to the chase by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 1

      > Just to be clear, Planck units have no physical significance.

      Technically, we have no way to measure anything smaller then Planck Length and Plank Time, so whether they have any physical significance is undetermined.

    20. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did you not read the post at all? The two sentences quite clearly point out that you don't need an example of something shorter than a Planck time, all you would need is an example of something that is 2.5 Planck times, or 100000.1 Planck times, etc. But such things are not measurable currently, and the significance of Planck time is pretty much still theoretical, and vague. Even if time were quantized, there is no requirement that the quanta of time would be a Planck time, and it would depend on which esoteric proposed hypothesis you chose.

    21. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The uncertainty principle tells you how much uncertainty in momentum is associated with uncertainty in position, and likewise how much uncertainty in energy is associated with uncertainty in time. The energy it would take to resolve a particle at a Planck time would be enough to create a black hole if GR were to hold true at that scale (i.e. Planck Energy = Planck mass * c^2).

      How something so small in your imagination meight cause a black hole by measuring it, is byond me.

      Maybe your response to something that seems so beyond you should be to look into the subject a bit more instead of replying by just copy-pasting the most superficial definition without understanding.

    22. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I sort of tend to agree with you that everything is quantized at the Planck scale, but it's so small that I doubt we'll ever be able to check on it.

      Except that even if things are quantized, it doesn't need to be at the arbitrary Planck scale. That scale is just derived from coarsely scaling of QM and GR to estimate situations where the two would overlap strongly.

    23. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you are fundamentally misunderstanding something, there is more to the issue than just: a counterexample means I'm wrong, otherwise I'm right. Planck units just combine scales from QM and GR, suggesting where there might be strong overlaps. If GR is taken at face value, then events below Planck time, with a single particle, would be unresolvable by measurements as they would require enough energy to create a black hole from a single particle. Most physicists don't expect GR to work as such and things to be more complicated. Not being able to resolve anything smaller because of energy requirements doesn't mean one can't fundamentally resolve the difference between 2 and 2.25 Planck time for a single particle (this has nothing to do with an average of events like you refer to in another comment, an average of many particles would not have the same issues with GR and could give values smaller than Planck time). That is pretty different than implying that time is quantized and that the universe works like some discrete cellular automaton that popsci sources interpret as.

    24. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wonderful job avoiding demonstrating any understanding of those words yourself. If you don't actually say anything, no one can prove you wrong.

    25. Re: Cut to the chase by Ramze · · Score: 1

      No one can measure time at intervals anywhere near Planck time, and no one can measure distances anywhere near as small as Planck lengths. Planck time is defined as the length of time it takes a photon to travel a Planck length.

      It's a handy unit, but it may not have any special significance -- any more than a meter, a yard, or a rod.

      From the wiki:

      "Because the Planck time comes from dimensional analysis, which ignores constant factors, there is no reason to believe that exactly one unit of Planck time has any special physical significance. Rather, the Planck time represents a rough time scale at which quantum gravitational effects are likely to become important. "

    26. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This post is a good example of what happens when someone thinks the current model is absolutely true. The map is the territory!

    27. Re: Cut to the chase by lgw · · Score: 2

      This post is a good example of what happens when someone thinks the current model is absolutely true. The map is the territory!

      The current model will be wrong in ways that are consistent with existing observations. That doesn't leave room for a "graph-paper universe", nor for energy densities above which a black hole forms.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    28. Re: Cut to the chase by Baloroth · · Score: 1

      No, because the Planck time is 10^-44 seconds. We have trouble measuring events that occur within 10^-20 seconds (we can do it, but only indirectly). 10^-44 is so vastly below any of our detection thresholds that events that occur in that timespan may be literally immeasurable, simply due to practical experimental problems.

      --
      "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
    29. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My map says there's a road here, and I see a road here. Therefore the road I see will go exactly where the map shows it goes!

    30. Re: Cut to the chase by sjames · · Score: 2

      It's not a matter of not having a small enough ruler. The problem is that there can be no measurement smaller. There can be no way to infer anything smaller. It's the absolute smallest.

    31. Re: Cut to the chase by HiThere · · Score: 1

      IIRC, the plank scale, or actually slightly above it, is where space-time is supposed to turn into a foam. (I'm not sure what is meant by "foam", but that was the term I read.) At any rate, the structure of space-time collapses. So it's not arbitrary, if the theories were properly based. (The theory was called Geometrodynamics. And I was reading about Wheeler's version. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... )

      It's been a long time, so don't expect me to be able to even mount a defense, but the Planck length wasn't an arbitrary choice.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    32. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As said, the Planck scale is like drawing a line from our experience with scales with QM and GR, and seeing where they meet, and saying, "Something interesting happens here probably." It is extrapolating over many, many orders of magnitude, and much more likely there is new physics before reaching the Planck scale. Theories about the small scale structure of space-time trying to incorporate QM don't say that it becomes foam at exactly Planck scale, but at whatever scale quantum gravity becomes relevant. This is often much larger than Planck scale in theories, and only occurs right at Planck scale when using the arbitrary handwaving already described, that somewhere around that scale is when things would have to be interesting and assuming not before.

    33. Re: Cut to the chase by cnettel · · Score: 1

      Well, for making this "frame rate" theory relevant, the question is not only if anything happens at or close the frame rate, but what is the frame stepping function? And, throwing relativity into the mix, in what reference frame?

      A discretized spacetime would mean that the continuous solutions to the Schrödinger/Dirac equations are actually approximations that are better expressed by some discrete time stepping scheme. That could have macroscopic consequences. Especially so if for some weird reason Nature has a rather simple first-order scheme at its frame rate core. But, it does also mean that we would get slightly different results from different objects in free fall, depending on their overall speed relative to the reference frame. This would control the factor between the "local passage of time", and the actual number of "Planck time frames" used by the process. In addition, the discretization of time almost necessitates a discretization of space. This not only means that space has some small grid (not likely either, based on current theory). It also means that there are some absolute directions in space and that some physical processes would behave slightly differently (even if aggregated along macroscopic distances) if they are algined to these directions, or not.

    34. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Firstly, you should spell it Planck, like the Max Planck spelled it himself.

      Secondly, 'the smallest scale at which a metric (from which concepts like "distance" and "length" come) makes physical sense' is silly; in General Relativity the Einstein manifold is pseudo-Riemannian, and thus continuous, where the trace of the Riemann curvature tensor (the Ricci tensor) is proportional to the metric. The metric therefore *must* be a continuously differential, smooth, or real analytic function.

      There is no *proven* physical significance to the Planck length. It is important in some models of quantum gravity.

      Planck times comes from dimensional analysis (ignoring constant factors) and is unlikely to have any physical significance. It is a convenient unit when dealing with QFT in curved spacetime, where one sets a number of physical constants to unity, but one can do that without involving Planck time at all (e.g., c=k_B=G=1 is a common geometrization).

      Geometrization in turn exposes the inconsistency between your claim (a) "it's certain that a distance or length shorter or more precise than Plank length is non-physical" and (b) 'However, none of this should be taken as justifying a view that the universe has a "frame rate" or could be described in terms of voxels'.

      Finally, 'Also, anything like that would have a grain that would be totally obvious' -- no. We know from observation that if spacetime is discretized the minimum length must be very small. The Planck length was originally proposed as a way of avoiding divergences in QFTs at small scales, however RG flow theory has made that particular limit unnecesary (i.e., we can now show that non-renormalizable terms in the action generated at the Planck scale are washed out by the RG flow, and we can continue with renormalizable physics. Thanks, Ken Wilson!). Consequently, the argument (from C Alden Mead's work) that the Planck is the shortest length just does not apply in, for instance, semiclassical gravity, some models of perturbative QG, or asymptotically safe gravity (which has a very different microscopic structure for spacetime). That two of these are not very standard approaches high energy gravitation is not because they are not at all tied to the Planck length, but more likely because semiclassical gravity is incredibly effective as a low-energy theory of gravitation practically right to the singularity of black holes (and additonally through the Planck length scale), and the more the AMPS firewalls paradox is studied the sounder effective field theory gravity looks (although nobody knows why, really!).

      (Well, finally finally, the discreteness interval in many QG models that have them can be arbitrarily small for the same reason; ultra deep observation continues to whittle away the minimal length scales and consequently theories that rest on those which are relatively long. There is nothing really *blocking* observations that would clearly distinguish between discreteness at the Planck scale and either discreteness at a smaller scale or even continuousness; we just don't have the observational tools to do that yet).

    35. Re: Cut to the chase by Your.Master · · Score: 1

      No, he's saying the map says there's a road here, therefore any map that doesn't indicate a road here is in some way inaccurate.

    36. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You sound like you know what you're talking about (better than me, certainly), but I find it incongruent that you don't know how Planck is spelled...

    37. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even if little can transpire in 1 planck time, that doesn't imply time is quantized.

    38. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      > The smallest unit of time is called Planck time.

      Except in New York City, where's the time between the light turning green and the guy behind you honking his horn.

    39. Re: Cut to the chase by lgw · · Score: 1

      The metric therefore *must* be a continuously differential, smooth, or real analytic function.

      We don't have a good theory of quantum gravity. This is one of the problems with reconciling QM and GR that any such theory must explain. But current ideas include requiring entanglement between locations in space in order to have distance, or any positional relationship, and that makes some sense.

      There is no *proven* physical significance to the Planck length. It is important in some models of quantum gravity

      It's physical significance is that it's the minimum wavelength you can have without creating a black hole. Proven? Proof is for math, not science, but general relativity certainly seem solid.

      Finally, 'Also, anything like that would have a grain that would be totally obvious' -- no. We know from observation that if spacetime is discretized the minimum length must be very small.

      I'm not talking merely about "discretized", I'm talking about a "graph paper universe" with the discrete allowed loci lining up in neat rows and columns. Simple ideas about physics as cellular automata, or us being a simple VR simulation, require this. It's a bit of nonsense. and there are quite clever cellular automata models, and other "what is spacetime" models that don't require neat rows and columns, but rather irregular, spontaneously-formed, and somewhat random granularity.

      There is nothing really *blocking* observations that would clearly distinguish between discreteness at the Planck scale and either discreteness at a smaller scale or even continuousness; we just don't have the observational tools to do that yet

      Again, the whole "you can't make a wavelength that small without getting a black hole" thing is a solid blocker (the bigger issue is the energy density required in general for such fine-grained observations runs afoul of that limit). The Plank length is really quite small, after all - I'd be amazed if the universe isn't granular on some much larger scale. Plenty of room at the bottom.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    40. Re: Cut to the chase by HiThere · · Score: 1

      OK. Something interesting could happen earlier. But where? The Planck scale is the only significant point in current knowledge (well, about 4-5 decades ago isn't really current, but...). It's like looking for the next sub-atomic particle. Our current theories don't justify building something smaller than Neptune's orbit to act as an accelerator ring when looking for the next level of particle. (Some of them say it should be even larger.) It's quite likely that somewhere in there we'd find something interesting, but what? And how many EV does it need to generate?

      FWIW I'd be all in favor of building a couple of telescopes 5 miles in diameter, putting them 180 degrees apart in Neptune's orbit, and carefully synching them so that their resolution could be combined. If it must be radiotelescopes rather than optical that would be too bad, but still worthwhile. The 5 miles diameter is for light gathering power. The separation is so that when they were synched together you have a long baseline for high resolution. This would allow us to directly check some of the "standard candles" that the astronomers have been using to figure distance. It would also allow us to directly see planets in other solar systems.

      Do I expect that to happen? No. It would be incredibly valuable, and would let us verify many theories, and explore new ones, but it's too expensive, and we can't know that we'd find anything worthwhile before we do it.

      If it hadn't been for the Higgs the current big accelerator wouldn't have been built. Now that it has been built it can be used to find lots of different things, and to test theories in lots of places where they couldn't previously be tested. But there's currently no big target for the next accelerator...not one that's reasonable to build. Perhaps one will turn up.

      So. The Planck scale is out of experimental reach, but there's no reason to expect anything interesting before we get there. I'll agree that it's quite likely that if we looked we'd find something, but unless the tools we already have are powerful enough to yield strong hints of something within reasonable reach, it's not going to be built.

      Perhaps someone will find another approach.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    41. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If it hadn't been for the Higgs the current big accelerator wouldn't have been built. Now that it has been built it can be used to find lots of different things, and to test theories in lots of places where they couldn't previously be tested. But there's currently no big target for the next accelerator...not one that's reasonable to build. Perhaps one will turn up.

      The LHC has been in planning for a long time, as most accelerators, and included the possibility that Fermilab was going to find the Higgs boson anyway. It wasn't the sole motivation to build it, and is in fact a minority of the work and effort of the involvement of the LHC. Planning of the ILC and the next upgrade of the LHC are still moving forward just fine too. And there are still alternatives trying to be pinned down that are well within reach of such accelerators...

      The Planck scale is out of experimental reach, but there's no reason to expect anything interesting before we get there.

      Yeah, there is a lot of reason to do so. The Hierarchy Problem is kind of a big deal, and the particular mass of the Higgs being as small as it is suggests there might be new physics well below the Planck scale, along with a lot of proposed post-SM theories.

    42. Re: Cut to the chase by HiThere · · Score: 1

      The Planck scale is out of experimental reach, but there's no reason to expect anything interesting before we get there.

      Yeah, there is a lot of reason to do so. The Hierarchy Problem is kind of a big deal, and the particular mass of the Higgs being as small as it is suggests there might be new physics well below the Planck scale, along with a lot of proposed post-SM theories.

      Let me rephrase that:
      The Planck scale is out of experimental reach, but there's no reason to expect anything interesting at any particular point before we get there.

      I'd like to be wrong, and there be some experimentally reachable point that should be interesting (for an important theoretical reason), but if that's so I haven't heard of it.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    43. Re: Cut to the chase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The metric therefore *must* be a continuously differential, smooth, or real analytic function.

      That is a complete non-sequitur. There are many discrete interpretations of General Relativity. You are just assuming they are wrong. I recently developed some mathematics that indicates they are correct. I mean, ultimate, you have to ask if your goal is theory or practical application. For practical application, you are correct. But for theory, any "continuous" manifold can be approximated by a discrete version, so the only way to distinguish between the two is experimentation. I, personally, am rather persuaded by discrete models and see continuous models as convenient approximations (although most people are mathematically trained to see it the other way around). Much like Newtonian fluids are approximations to discrete atoms interacting.

  4. A more detailed explanation by Manywele · · Score: 5, Informative

    There's a good explanation by a physicist who thinks about experimental validation of quantum gravity here.

    1. Re:A more detailed explanation by H3lldr0p · · Score: 1

      THANK YOU! That actually makes sense instead of the gibberish installed as the "article" above.

    2. Re:A more detailed explanation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thanks for the link. It would indeed be an advance if quantum effects of gravity could become measurable. But I think most physicists expect that the perturbative approach is going to give the right answer in this low gravitational field regime. In my (limited) understanding, the perturbative approach is just patching the Newtonian gravitational interaction onto standard quantum mechanics, ignoring the fact at high fields where relativity becomes important these are incompatible. So let's do the experiment. Precision experiments often yield new insights. But these experiments are unlikely to give us any guidance toward solving the deep problem which is how to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity.

    3. Re:A more detailed explanation by KGIII · · Score: 1

      You've been here longer than I. However, in this case, I was actually thinking that this was, oddly, one of the summaries that made sense to me. Maybe I've just acclimated to the lack of proper editing?

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    4. Re:A more detailed explanation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Sabine Hossenfelder said...
      Robert,

      You're more than welcome trying to construct a consistent theory of semi-classical gravity. I am sure you'll be the one to succeed where 80 years of work by the brightest minds on the planet have failed. Good luck!

      The tone of this comment leads me to think that social considerations, including the assumption that nature has to be consistent, are more important here than any real search for truth.

    5. Re:A more detailed explanation by Megol · · Score: 1

      I don't understand - are you complaining that she points out the truth?

    6. Re:A more detailed explanation by Pseudonym+Authority · · Score: 1

      "You seriously think you're smarter than us, you uppity little shit? Fuck you, eat my snark. SNARK SNARK SNARK"

      Yeah, he's complaining that she's pointing out the truth.

  5. Forbes by iwaybandit · · Score: 1

    It's not about gravity, it's investment advice. Long osmium?

    1. Re:Forbes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      At a billionth of a gram per try, seems more like a short, to me.

    2. Re:Forbes by iwaybandit · · Score: 1

      Good point, but samples that size are quite easy to lose. Shall we try to corner the market on tweezers?

    3. Re:Forbes by KGIII · · Score: 1

      Nope. Corner the market on the tools in general - not just one of them. There are other tools, and gases, that they will need. Get them all. The people who made the money in the gold rush were those who sold the tools - not just a pick or an ax but all of them.

      Keep in mind that I actually *do* (sort of) take investment advice from sites like this so you probably shouldn't listen to me. I have no idea what I'm doing but I'm averaging 18% which is pretty good I guess considering that average includes a couple of years where I went exactly backwards and averaged about -6%. I really have no idea what I'm doing. I just look for trendy things and upcoming mergers or what people say they like. It actually seems to work - but I'm mostly just playing around to amuse myself and to try to understand.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
  6. Well then... by Dan+East · · Score: 1

    shut up and do the experiment already!

    --
    Better known as 318230.
  7. I smell something fishy here... by mark_reh · · Score: 3, Funny

    Physicists are quantized, so they want everything else to be quantized.

    1. Re:I smell something fishy here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It may well be that gravity is not quantized. Testing that is the whole point of this experiment.

    2. Re:I smell something fishy here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I wasnt expecting such a great post here ;p

    3. Re:I smell something fishy here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Physicists are more like quarks, in that you can get half charges of physics, but only mixed with other things: biophysicists, physical chemists, astrophysicists. Although you can also end up with continuum between engineers and physicists in real life, where both can be doing experimentation, design and problem solving in different combinations.

    4. Re:I smell something fishy here... by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 1

      Not so. Physicists are divisible, albeit only to a limit.

      --
      systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
    5. Re:I smell something fishy here... by TeknoHog · · Score: 1

      Beer is quantized. One can only drink integer multiples of a crate.

      --
      Escher was the first MC and Giger invented the HR department.
  8. Third solution by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or, better, behave unexpectedly, contradicting all known theories.

  9. There's a much easier way by JoeyRox · · Score: 1

    Just google it.

  10. It would have to be. by Beardo+the+Bearded · · Score: 0

    Mass is quantized, therefore gravity has to be as well.

    --

    ---
    ECHELON is a government program to find words like bomb, jihad, plutonium, assassinate, and anarchy.
    1. Re:It would have to be. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There is no reason to believe that mass is quantized. There is such as concept of a Planck mass, however it is not a single quantum of mass.

    2. Re:It would have to be. by cnettel · · Score: 2

      Even if mass would be quantized, the Newtonian equation is m1m2/r^2. Even with discrete mass quanta (which is also false, see other replies), you would get a continuous spectrum of resulting forces. Inserting relativity here changes the expressions, but it would really just muddle things. So, no, there is no specific reason to believe gravity to be quantized - outside of an actual theory of quantum gravity.

    3. Re:It would have to be. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This guy knows it, people, end thread

    4. Re:It would have to be. by Bengie · · Score: 1

      Kind of an interesting discussion. One of the interesting things that have come out of the whole blackhole information paradox is that tossing an elementary particle into a blackhole increases its spherical surface area by exactly one square planck. They said if you run that backwards, it means you can store at most 1 bit(explicitly state binary bit of "data") of information in a cubic planck. That is the density of a blackhole.

      It seems that the current set of elementary particles are the highest density you can get. In that sense, information is quantized. If information in quantized and mass is information.

      Either way, I can't wait to see the results of this stuff.

    5. Re:It would have to be. by omnichad · · Score: 1

      Achieve that and we've got some great storage at 4.85x10^80 Exabytes per cubic inch.

  11. And then we know ... what exactly? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    Not trying to poop on it, far from it. But could someone explain just what this should prove or show? What insights will this give us?

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    1. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by cnettel · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Well, electron states being quantized has helped us to (truly) understand chemistry and create transistors as well as LEDs. By realizing that things are only allowed to make certain transitions under certain conditions, you can "cheat" and build up high-energy states that are far more stable than they really should be. I am not saying we would get macroscopic anti-gravity or a "Faraday cage for gravity", but this is kind of the space where we would get more specific explanations for how you might be able to accompish those things in theory. For very delicate experiments (similar to the one described!) and possibly sub-nanoscale manufacturing procedures, an understanding of a quantized nature of gravity influences might be useful, if only for better understanding the noise in measurements and tolerances.

    2. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by ganv · · Score: 3, Informative

      It would open up the possibility of observing the effects of quantization of gravitational interaction in the low field limit. Up to now, no one has observed any quantization of gravity. This is a really tiny effect, so you might argue that you don't care, but it would be a small clue in the big mystery of how to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity. In the history of physics, this has happened before. We had quantum mechanics in the 1920s through 1940s, but we didn't know how to quantize the electromagnetic field. We simply used classical interactions between charged particles and quantized their motion since we didn't know how to quantize the electromagnetic fields themselves. Then in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Schwinger, Feynman, and Tomonaga figured out how to quantize the electric and magnetic fields. It made only tiny changes in the predictions of quantum mechanics for atoms, but it has turned out to be critical to modern precision measurement and definition of the units we use. Their Quantum Electrodynamics has proved to be one of the great triumphs of theoretical physics.

      Now quantization of gravity is a much much smaller effect in conditions that we can study on earth. This proposes that we might be able to observe some effects. Unfortunately, in this low field limit, I think most physicists expect that perturbative methods will give the right answer. In this case, the experiments will not be much help in building a self-consistent quantum gravity theory because perturbative methods are known to fail in the high field regime where the inconsistency between quantum mechanics and general relativity becomes important. But we definitely should make these measurements to see if the effects can be observed. Precision measurements often yield new insights, often unexpected ones.

    3. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      We'll understand why and how molecules form and why they do it in the way they do? Did I get that right? That's awesome!

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    4. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You meant well, but seem to be modded up for a mixture of word salad and not saying much.

      By realizing that things are only allowed to make certain transitions under certain conditions, you can "cheat" and build up high-energy states that are far more stable than they really should be.

      The idea of forbidden transitions isn't inherent in a quantized system at all, and even then doesn't necessarily mean longer lived states. It works well however for electromagnetic states because of particle spin, which is harder to change and some transitions require the spin to be flipped, making them much harder transitions to occur. For such states to be longer lived, you would need for there to both be forbidden transitions, and lack of other possible transitions that could happen anyway, neither of which would be the case of plain gravity (although possible with gravity plus another interaction in a more complex situation, but that is true of other more complex situations already).

      I am not saying we would get macroscopic anti-gravity or a "Faraday cage for gravity", but this is kind of the space where we would get more specific explanations for how you might be able to accompish those things in theory.

      This won't directly give us any explanation of how to accomplish those things. It can only show if our more basic theories of gravity are correct or not. Just about any test of gravity on many different scales could drop a hint that our theory of gravity is wrong, and maybe a replacement theory would give us things like anti-gravity or faraday cage effects (I'm not aware of any that currently do). But it would still be a difficult jump from a conflicting data point to a new theory of gravity. Just look at all of the effort to develop alternative gravity theories that can do away with dark matter, which still deal with arbitrariness/overfitting issues and aren't doing too well experimentally, yet are still pretty boring by soft sci-fi standards.

      It is also a big stretch to say that this will be useful to manufacturing procedures. Although who knows where things will go in the future, but it is taking a rather uncommon setup to even have a chance of seeing the effects they want to measure. Of course it will be relevant to similar experiments though...

    5. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by iMadeGhostzilla · · Score: 1

      I really like this explanation, as a general motivation for about learning about constraints. I think it can be applied to all of technology -- e.g. 'by realizing things are only allowed to make certain transitions under certain conditions, you can "cheat" and build up high-energy states that are far more stable than they really should be' might well be said for GMO, for example.

    6. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That would be derived from electromagnetic interactions, and we already have the basic theories describing that, for quite some time actually. The problem is the differential equations are very messy, and developing math tools to handle that: a small number of analytic solutions, a growing numeric ability, and extensions/perturbations of those other known solutions. Work on this has already been going on for decades, and comprises pretty much a whole field of quantum chemistry, which is just deriving molecular properties and reactions from quantum mechanics. Usually sophomores chemistry students have to take a year long course on it.

      There will probably be zero practical manufacturing application of gravity at these scales for a long time, possibly forever. One can't predict what and how things will be done in the distant future, but for now the effect is so small irrelevant to the vast majority of situations, it will only be relevant to experiments specifically built to test the effect for some time. It certainly is not expected to give any hints at things like antigravity like the GP is suggesting, unless it shows results completely unlike anything anyone has seen before or expects even from alternative theories. To some degree, one could say there is a very small chance any experiment could stumble upon antigravity, but one shouldn't bet on it.

    7. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Considering how the explanation in the quantum mechanics context is inaccurate if not flat out wrong (depends on how you interpret it and if you already understand the subject anyway...), it is not surprising it also sounds bad in the context of GMO.

    8. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Deeper understandings of physics usually have unforeseen applications. For example, if we didn't understand quantum mechanics we wouldn't have much by way of semiconductors (cat's whisker diodes and oxide plate regulators are about all we could manage pre QM). And without GR we could kiss GPS goodbye (to get sufficiently accurate timekeeping you need to understand time dilation effects due to spacial curvature). And EM... obscure theory when Maxwell and Faraday wrote the book, indespensible now. And so on...

      So I won't try to predict what advances understanding gravitational quantisation (or possible the lack thereof... you never know), but I feel reasonably confident in predicting that they will happen.

    9. Re:And then we know ... what exactly? by strikethree · · Score: 1

      I doubt that we will see any effects that are noteworthy because of our frame of reference. We are in the frame of reference of the planet Earth, which is in the frame of reference of the star Sol, which is in the frame of reference of the black hole Sagittarius A*.

      Due to galactic rotation curves not being understood (Dark matter? Matter that does not interact with anything but gravity? It is to laugh.)

      I do hope that this experiment does shed more light on what we call gravity.

      --
      "Someone needs to talk to the tree of liberty about its ghoulish drinking problem." by ohnocitizen
  12. Millikan Oil Drop experiment by kencurry · · Score: 1

    How the charge of a single electron was measured back in the early 1900's - good luck to these scientists.

    --
    sigs are for losers (except to point out that sigs are for losers)
    1. Re:Millikan Oil Drop experiment by twosat · · Score: 1

      Paraphrasing part of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      Millikan's experiment as an example of psychological effects in scientific methodology

      In a commencement address given at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1974 (and reprinted in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! in 1985 as well as in The Pleasure of Finding Things Out in 1999), physicist Richard Feynman noted:

              We have learned a lot from experience about how to handle some of the ways we fool ourselves. One example: Millikan measured the charge on an electron by an experiment with falling oil drops, and got an answer which we now know not to be quite right. It's a little bit off because he had the incorrect value for the viscosity of air. It's interesting to look at the history of measurements of the charge of an electron, after Millikan. If you plot them as a function of time, you find that one is a little bit bigger than Millikan's, and the next one's a little bit bigger than that, and the next one's a little bit bigger than that, until finally they settle down to a number which is higher.

              Why didn't they discover the new number was higher right away? It's a thing that scientists are ashamed of—this history—because it's apparent that people did things like this: When they got a number that was too high above Millikan's, they thought something must be wrong—and they would look for and find a reason why something might be wrong. When they got a number close to Millikan's value they didn't look so hard. And so they eliminated the numbers that were too far off, and did other things like that...

      As of 2014, the accepted value for the elementary charge is 1.602176565(35)×1019 C, where the (35) indicates the uncertainty of the last two decimal places. In his Nobel lecture, Millikan gave his measurement as 4.774(5)×1010 statC, which equals 1.5924(17)×1019 C. The difference is less than one percent, but it is more than five times greater than Millikan's standard error, so the disagreement is significant.

  13. If gravity involves an interaction between masses by Streetlight · · Score: 0

    It would seem that gravity would be quantized at the level of the smallest particle having mass. Any bulk mass is ultimately made up of these smallest particles and the expression of the gravity of the bulk mass would be the sum of that of all the smallest particles making up that mass. One problem with gravity for the smallest particles is distinguishing it from the much larger kinds of interactions such as electric charge, etc.

    --
    In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act. George Orwell
  14. So would this be a proof that by NotSoHeavyD3 · · Score: 1

    gravitons exist? (I remember reading the problem with gravitons is that they were basically impossible to detect because their interactions were so weak.)

    --
    Did you know 80 to 90% of the moderators on slashdot wouldn't recognize a troll even if one dragged them under a bridge.
  15. I thought Forbes was reputable. by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    Why is the site covered in cheap clickbait and list articles? Are they that desperate for clicks that they'd list "Grid Girls, Pit Girls photo collection" and "Fame Was The Worst Things That Happened To These 10 Former Child Stars" on the page?

    I think those are just advertisments that are deceptively made to look like part of the host site, which is almost worse.
    thumby.grvcdn.com, you're going on my blocked DNS lookups list.

  16. more chairs then space available by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    most interesting.
    plank-length, plank-time and plank-mass, so there's no 1.5 plank-mass ... thus there cannot exist a source of gravity from 1.5 plank-mass?
    a source of gravity can only be multiples of 1 plank-mass? or 2? or 3?
    so, maybe it is possible for space-time to "represent" the gravity of 1.5 plank-mass but since 1.5 plank-masses cannot exist, space-time is sad ^_^

  17. gravity must be quantized by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    because momentum is quantized. In fact everything is quantized.

    1. Re:gravity must be quantized by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      no, momentum of a bound particle must be quantized but an unbound one can have any momentum

  18. Re:If gravity involves an interaction between mass by Baloroth · · Score: 1

    That is not what's meant by gravity being quantized. Quantum gravity would mean the gravitation interaction between particles is quantized: i.e. if particle A pulls on particle B (and vice-versa), the energy exchange between them occurs in discrete packets. The alternative would be that the gravitational forces between them are a continuous interaction, so that A pulls on B to change the energy state of both constantly. To use an analogy: the former is like an object rolling down a staircase, where the objects level jumps as it falls down a step, while the latter is like a ramp, where the object's level takes on all continuous values of the ramp.

    --
    "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
  19. a fraction of a Kelvin above absolute zero by dfn5 · · Score: 4, Informative

    So... a fraction of a Kelvin then.

    --
    -- Thou hast strayed far from the path of the Avatar.
  20. Results by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    "Oh dear, Watson, I just fell up!"

  21. Gravity = spacetime curvature by pauljlucas · · Score: 1

    If Gravity is nothing more than a curvature of spacetime and objects moving through it fowls "straight" lines, then why do people still also say that gravity is a force? Or try to unify it with the other forces? Or tat it can be quantized?

    --
    If you reply, do so only to what I explicitly wrote. If I didn't write it, don't assume or infer it.
    1. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by andremerzky400 · · Score: 1

      Consider that this might say more about what we know about the nature of other forces...

    2. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There have been geometric attempts at other forces, like Kaluza-Klien theory which adds a fifth dimension to GR and then covers electromagnetism and gravity with geometry. Electromagnetism and gravity still end up being universal forces present between mass/charge. A geometric explanation doesn't negate that it is a force.

    3. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If gravity was a glitch in space time it would behave like a translation, not an acceleration

      Since it is an acceleration, it's clearly a force

    4. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      All forces curve 'space-time'.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    5. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 1

      Go ooooon...?

      --
      systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
    6. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      No, only momentum, pressure, and energy density in the stress-energy tensor, not forces. Forces are associated with a gradient in potential energy and fields, and those have effects on spacetime curvature (except gravitational potential energy which is excluded from the Einstein stress-energy tensor). But having a force at any given point doesn't mean spacetime there is curved, as that depends on the global structure of energy and it is possible to have a force still at a point with zero curvature.

    7. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by thrich81 · · Score: 1

      I can't answer your question directly, but I can quote from my handy textbook on General Relativity which admittedly is 30 years old now ('General Relativity', Robert M. Wald, 1984). From Chapter 14, 'Quantum Effects in Strong Gravitational Fields', "As discussed in chapter 9, spacetime singularities occur in the solutions of classical general relativity relevant to gravitational collapse and cosmology. Thus, in these situations, the classical description of spacetime structure must break down. In particular, one cannot expect the homogeneous, isotropic models of chapter 5 to be an adequate description of our universe in the regime where they predict curvature of magnitude Ip^-2 or greater, i.e, t tp ~ 10^-43 s." Ok, I got lost in the definition of Ip there (actually much earlier in the book), but the textbook writers clearly believe that classical GR breaks down at some density/energy limit and gravity then needs a quantum description.
      Also, physicists, for reasons I can't state, strongly believe that all physical phenomena are described by quantum theories.

    8. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Also, physicists, for reasons I can't state, strongly believe that all physical phenomena are described by quantum theories.

      I'm pretty sure that the reason physicists believe this is that the other three forces of nature all have quantum descriptions. It would seem odd that gravity would stand alone as not having a quantum description. The reason why this quantum phenomenon has not been seen yet is that it is also the weakest of the four known forces. At least this is my understanding of the situation.

    9. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Consider an electron passing through both slits in a 2 slit interferometer (as quantum mechanics predicts, and the observed interference pattern seems to demonstrate).

      Now, the electron was in a superposition of slit a and slit b. Two separate positions. At the same time. Obviously an electron has mass, so presuming that gravity is curvature of space (again, a reasonable assumption, given that Einstein's theory based on this view has so much experimental support), what shape is the curvature of space caused by the electron? A superposition of both possible curvatures? Some form of summation of them? And the other particles affected by this curvature - are they now in a superposition of positions also? In fact, given that all particles are really just probability waves, doesn't that mean that space itself is nothing more than a messy superposition of as many curvatures as there are particles in the universe, all interacting? Think about that...

      Now you might think this all smooths out statistically, but it doesn't. There is a serious mathematical conundrum here, and so far all attempts to resolve it lead to mathematical absurdities (singularities/infinities) and confusion. Seriously, renormalisation in QFT is mathematically dubious enough, but the mess that comes from naively trying to combine GR and QM can't even be ironed out with questionable mathematical tricks.

      This is (one of) the reasons the experiment is so important. We have two highly predictive, so far uncontradicted theories that are, as best as anyone can tell, 100% incompatible. We need more experimental information on how the world actually acts so we can resolve this conundrum.

    10. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why would your issue with the gravitational field of a particle in superposition be more damning than the electric field being in a superposition of the different paths? The electric field can be explained by QFT. That issue isn't the source of mathematical conundrums, and the difficulty of producing a quantum theory of gravity is much more subtle than your example.

    11. Re:Gravity = spacetime curvature by Bengie · · Score: 1

      Except an object in free fall due to gravity is in an inertial frame. This means you are not actually accelerating. Gravity is not proper acceleration. Making gravity a force changes this and breaks a lot of fundamental things. One can tell if they're in an accelerating frame. If you're in a free fall, you can't tell which way you're "accelerating" because you are not accelerating.

  22. Smaller than Planck by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What is an example of something that takes less than a Planck time to transpire? Can you point to an example where Planck time isn't the frame rate of reality?

    All there needs to be is a process that takes 23 quadrillion + .333333 Planck units of time to resolve, or any amount greater than 1 Planck but ending in a fraction.

    At this time we don't have the tools necessary to actually prove any specific fundamental measurement of real time so we use "Planck" as a tool of convenience for practical purposes. To say otherwise is to show that for you Science is really just a Religious process in your mind where you have "Faith" in unproven things that are being taught to you by your elders. Sadly many people who think they are defenders of science behave in very religious ways regarding their institutional beliefs.

    1. Re:Smaller than Planck by cfalcon · · Score: 1

      No, I would want to see something faster than it. Something slower than it, but non-integral, could be explained as a summation of multiple processes that average out that way (or whatever).

      But do you have an example of something that is 23 quadrillion + 1/3 Planck units, or whatever?

    2. Re:Smaller than Planck by chihowa · · Score: 1

      Do you have an example of something that takes an exact integer number of Planck units to occur? Do you know of something that takes ten or one hundred Planck units to occur? Why are you so fixated on this unit having such special properties?

      Acting as if the failure of others to attempt to disprove your wacky theory gives it some weight, while providing no rationale for it yourself, only makes you come off as a crackpot.

      --
      If you want a vision of the future, imagine a youtube comments section scrolling - forever.
    3. Re:Smaller than Planck by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But do you have an example of something that is 23 quadrillion + 1/3 Planck units, or whatever?

      No, nobody does. It's currently not possible to measure anything with the precision required. I am fairly certain you are well aware of this, which leads me to wonder why you asked the question in the first place. Oh, well...

    4. Re: Smaller than Planck by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Love the nutjob people who say they hate religion and Love science ... and then tell you in the same breath that they believe in Darwin AND global warming. Cant get more unprovable missing linky than that.

      Except for every religious bit of mysticism ever.

      Darwin/evolution and global warming are both empirically observable and confirmed. Darwin's finches demonstrated the so called "micro" evolution anti-science people like to quibble over, but DNA provides lengthy "macroscopic" examples in incredible detail.

      There was no mass "global cooling" consensus in the 60s, 70s - that was a cover story because one contrarian made wild claims and mass media journalism goes with the crazy stories on the cover and the footnote correction on page 68.

      Newsweek had a story about planet killing asteroids to hit Earth in the 1990's too:
      http://www.newsweek.com/attention-incoming-object-170672?piano_d=1
      That doesn't mean that 97% of astronomers thought it was likely either.

      Throw your other nutjob red herring shifting goals posts out as you like, you are a fraud and a bad person. You are bad and you should feel bad. Or are a sociopath. Your call.

    5. Re:Smaller than Planck by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I suspect GP (the imbecile you're responding to) cannot even point to anything taking less than 10^20 Planck time units.

      Mere integers of more modest magnitude (where one can distinguish between N and N+1) don't enter into it...

    6. Re:Smaller than Planck by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Funny how with two people arguing about what happens so many orders of magnitude beyond limits of our observation, only one person making baseless extrapolations that far with some sense of certainty is an imbecile to you.

    7. Re:Smaller than Planck by minogully · · Score: 1

      Without doing the actual math myself, I think I can present an example.

      Imagine you have a ship going at a certain relativistic speeds. The observers inside the ship could observe themselves arriving at a destination in x Planck units of time (where x is an integer), but depending on the exact speed of the ship, a stationary observer would likely observe them arriving at the destination in y Planck units of time (where y is a real number that is not also an integer).

      Let me know if you want me to take this beyond a mere thought experiment and come up with an actual velocity for the ship.

  23. Re:If gravity involves an interaction between mass by HiThere · · Score: 1

    Were that to be the case, you'd need to worry about the gravity of neutrinos, as they are currently the least massive particle known. But good luck trying to measure the mass accurately, or trying to get one to change it's speed, or even bend its path.

    --

    I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
  24. No! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's turtles all the way down!

  25. How about an experiment to prove gravity EXISTS? by Thing+1 · · Score: 1

    Like, monitor a speck of dust near a mountain. I'm convinced we don't have "gravity" here, it's just "density". But then I'm also convinced the world is flat.

    Read "Zetetic Astronomy" for convincing arguments, experiments, and proof: http://www.sacred-texts.com/ea...

    --
    I feel fantastic, and I'm still alive.
  26. Re:How about an experiment to prove gravity EXISTS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Umm, an experiment like that can be done in any undergrad lab course (or in a well equipped high school physics course). A torsion balance is sensitive enough to pick up the gravitational force between metal spheres, as in ones the size your hand, and have been used as an estimate of the gravitational constant back to the end of the 18th century. More modern methods using micro-mechanical structures like microscopic vibrating bars are even more sensitive, although less accessible (well, cheap ones are used in a lot of cheap consumer electronics, but the highly sensitive ones are less common). But the older method is something you can build yourself from hardware store parts.

  27. Re:If gravity involves an interaction between mass by SuiteSisterMary · · Score: 1

    Or, to put it another way, and probably horribly inaccurately to boot, 'quantized' gravity is like constantly throwing a ball at something, only when that ball hits the object, it casues the object to move towards, instead of away from, the direction of impact.

    Non-quantized gravity is like everything being attached to everything with ropes, constantly pulling on everything.

    --
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