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Neuroscientists Detail How Humans Are Able To Hurt Others When Given Orders (universityherald.com)

Ever wonder how seemingly normal people were able to become Nazis and commit such atrocities? A team of neuroscientists studied just that, following the Milgram experiment conducted in the 1960s. Published in the journal Current Biology, this new study explains that "some basic feeling of responsibility really is reduced when we are coerced into doing something." The results indicate that humans are able to hurt each other when given orders.

22 of 162 comments (clear)

  1. Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Ever wonder how seemingly normal people were able to become Nazis and commit such atrocities?

    They were just trying to make Germany great again.

    1. Re:Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by tnk1 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Ever wonder how seemingly normal people were able to become Nazis and commit such atrocities?

      They were just trying to make Germany great again.

      Actually, for many, this sort of hits it right on the head. The "Backstab" legend and the targeting of communists and other groups perceived to be fifth columnists like Jews, was a major popular idea about how Germany lost a war that they seemed to not be losing in 1918. Having gone from the military power that flattened France and Austria-Hungary a few decades past, to a power that somehow lost the war without it reaching German soil was incomprehensible to the German population and the people involved in the German Armed Forces in particular.

      (In defense of the people who didn't like communists, the Communists actually were trying to take over after the war, although it is hard to say who were the bigger assholes: the Communists or the Freikorps.)

      So there is a parallel, although I'd point out that the US may not be perfect right now, but we're still the world's lone superpower, so it's not like we're not currently "great". Embattled, yes, but in the same place as Weimar Germany? Absolutely not.

      Of course, facts don't always matter as much as they should. If you could somehow convince Americans, despite the evidence, that we are not great, and that we should be great again, you could generate a movement like this again.

    2. Re:Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by david_thornley · · Score: 2

      There's also this new American exceptionalism, when people look at stuff every other developed country is doing reasonably successfully and concluding that somehow we in the US are incapable of it. I really, really hate people who think that way.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    3. Re:Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by tnk1 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      There is that, but I would remind you that there are always people like this.

      Trump does frighten me a little bit, because he is hitting some of the same notes. I don't think he's going to win even the primary, however.

      The Right will come around eventually when they realize that the government does not have to reflect their own personal beliefs.

      However, the "progressives" need to remain careful that they do not attempt to force the government to truly cause those people to do things against their conscience. I know it is considered somewhat rustic to not be in love with things like abortion on demand, for instance, but this is a very serious thing for people who have trouble accepting that a fetus or embryo is not a person.

      As for gay marriage, if you want to say that the State has every right to define something like Civil Marriage, then I think you're on very solid ground constitutionally. If it starts moving towards forcing people to have to be happy about it... it starts to become more like the state telling you what to believe. And if the state goes down that road too fast, you could empower someone like Trump, or someone worse.

      Conservatives are not marked necessarily by wanting to not progress, they're marked by requiring a more deliberate pace. As long as we understand that pacing, we should be able to move forward without insurrection.

    4. Re:Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by werepants · · Score: 2

      As for gay marriage, if you want to say that the State has every right to define something like Civil Marriage, then I think you're on very solid ground constitutionally. If it starts moving towards forcing people to have to be happy about it... it starts to become more like the state telling you what to believe.

      I don't disagree with your overall points, but it sounds like you think the government is squashing dissent where gay marriage is concerned.

      The government has never told anybody that they have to agree with gay marriage, as far as I can tell. The freedom to say what you want about gays doesn't mean that everybody listening has to quietly assent. Being criticized for expressing regressive opinions regarding love between consenting adults isn't a violation of first amendment rights.

    5. Re:Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Trump does frighten me a little bit, because he is hitting some of the same notes. I don't think he's going to win even the primary, however.

      Trump, the guy who is going to tell the world to get in line, anad do it by force of will. Yet he can't even stand up to Megan Kelly. She asks him some pointed and very good questions, and he runs away. Just one more ChickenHawk with an accent on the Chicken

      Conservatives are not marked necessarily by wanting to not progress, they're marked by requiring a more deliberate pace. As long as we understand that pacing, we should be able to move forward without insurrection.

      Barry Goldwater - one of my heros, along with Yogi Berra. We need a reincarnation of Barry.

      One of my favorite quotes by Barry, and one that is chillingly accurate, and reflects the present day state of the party:

      “Mark my word, if and when these preachers get control of the [Republican] party, and they're sure trying to do so, it's going to be a terrible damn problem. Frankly, these people frighten me. Politics and governing demand compromise. But these Christians believe they are acting in the name of God, so they can't and won't compromise. I know, I've tried to deal with them.”

      And Good buddy Yogi once said - and there is a connection!:

      If the world were perfect, it wouldn’t be.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    6. Re:Ever wonder how seemingly normal people... by Evtim · · Score: 3, Interesting

      What is the root of such behavior? I have only one data point to share - a conversation with retired middle class Republican gentleman in a plain flying to the US. I was telling him about all those "controversial" liberties the Dutch enjoy and he asked me "then why did you go living there?" "Because I wanted to have those liberties in case I needed them [personally I meant the euthanasia and the coffee shops; hopefully I won't have to use the services of the ladies of negotiable affection for a while longer]" .
      He looked rather surprised by that answer and said "this can never happen in US". "Why?" "Because we are large country with diverse population so someone will always be against those liberties". "So, what IS the problem - in NL not everyone agrees with those either?"
      At the end it was clear that he could not accept the idea of choice [! weird form a member of allegedly the freest society in the world]. Having a possibility of abortion does not mean YOU have to do it - I tried again and again but no...the man would not accept the possibility that other people would do something that he considers wrong. So better ban the whole thing. Period.

      BTW, at the very end he said [it's true, I swear] "Never come to the US, you are too liberal for it. Go to Canada." I replied "Thanks, I had come to the same conclusion already".

  2. Nazis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Why are the examples always nazis? How about "Ever wonder how seemingly normal people were able to become communists and commit such atrocities?" The communists killed far more than nazis.

    1. Re:Nazis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Because the "communist" (actually socialist) massive PR machine managed to disassociate the German National Socialist Party from other socialism related political factions in the minds of the general American populace.

      Now that that specific branch of socialist theory has been severed from the greater socialist efforts, and crushed to truly insignificant membership, it can be acceptably labelled the greatest evil ever.

      In defense of the other socialists (that's something I'm surprised to type), the Nazis did take a really sick angle to the concept of redistributing wealth. "Jewish bankers have too much money, kill all Jews." "Romanian nomadic families are stealing money from hard-working Germans, kill all Gypsies." "Homosexual behavior wastes energy that could be spent breeding more Germans or at least building weapons for other Germans, kill all homosexuals." I'm sure there were more victim demographics, but those are the big three that people talk about. Most other violent socialist factions "just" slaughter people who disagree with the new government.

    2. Re:Nazis by david_thornley · · Score: 2, Interesting

      As far as I've been able to figure, Nazi Germany and Imperialist Japan murdered at a much greater rate than Communist China and the Soviet Union, but were stopped sooner. I'm not going to try to pick one out as better than the others, because they're all farther in the moral abyss than I'm willing to reach.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    3. Re:Nazis by david_thornley · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Because, after the mid-30s, the National Socialist Party was about as socialist as modern Republicans. The party started with people who were more nationalist and people who were more socialist, and the socialist wing was removed from the Party with extreme prejudice not too long after Hitler took power. Hitler hated to change propaganda principles once used (he mentions it in Mein Kampf), and besides having a pretense of Socialism was useful. It continues to fool ideological idiots to this day.

      The Nazis weren't out after wealth distribution when they megamurdered some classes. The Rom didn't have enough money to be worth killing for, really, as did the Slavs in general. The Nazis primarily wanted to purify the race, although they were not reluctant at all to get what loot they could from the undesirables they killed.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    4. Re:Nazis by Alumoi · · Score: 2

      As far as I've been able to figure, Nazi Germany and Imperialist Japan murdered at a much greater rate than Communist China and the Soviet Union, but were stopped sooner. I'm not going to try to pick one out as better than the others, because they're all farther in the moral abyss than I'm willing to reach.

      As far I've been able to figure, all European countries murdered at a much greater rate, during their colonial period, that Nazi Germany and Imperialist Japan. I'm not going to try to pick one out as better than the others, because they're all farther in the moral abyss than I'm willing to reach.

  3. That explains something... by eroldanp1980 · · Score: 2

    That's why "The man who passes the sentence should swing the sword"

  4. Really, this hasn't been studied to death? by TheCastro1689 · · Score: 2

    And if you read SS interviews and books it was also that when you showed up and people were naked and being beaten and hit everyday you became indifferent to it and then became one of the guys doing it. Remember, jews weren't killed at camps in the beginning right away in lots of places, they were used as labor, and detained, and as it went forward it got worse. The living conditions worsened over time as well. It's not like an SS guy went from walking on the street, to signing up for the SS and to murdering jews in a week.

  5. Well, yeah ... by gstoddart · · Score: 3, Interesting

    On things far less important than this ... how many of us have said to the boss "No, that's a stupid idea", only to be cajoled ... and how many times has "OK, send me an email demanding this" ... you forced me to do it, you authorized it, I no longer give a damn about the outcome.

    Now, it's all well and good to say it's obvious ... but if you've objected, been over-ruled, and possibly told you'd have some consequences if you didn't comply ... I can see how the brain is wired to say "fuck it, that's not on me".

    I mean, armies train people to be more willing to kill people ... why would anybody be surprised when they actually do it? You've pretty much been told to surrender the authority for certain kinds of moral judgement up the chain of command.

    As so often happens, it's common sense after someone actually explains it. :-P

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    1. Re:Well, yeah ... by david_thornley · · Score: 2

      The "send me an email" is often a matter of covering one's ass, rather than requiring authority to be exerted. If the subordinate thinks he or she is going to become the scapegoat for doing something management ordered, it's only common sense to have hard evidence of the order.

      I like working for places where I get the feeling that we're all working for the same goal, but management and level really isn't my circus, and those aren't my monkeys, so in dysfunctional companies I feel no moral obligation to take any career risks for the company. If I were ordered to do something I was pretty sure would hurt the company, that's one thing. If I were ordered to do something I personally considered immoral it would be different.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
  6. Ok, and? by Nidi62 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's the same mechanism that leads to riots and other similar phenomena: people lose their sense of personal responsibility. In riots people who would normally not even think about looting or destroying property will happily participate when in a large crowd because they aren't responsible for it, the crowd is. It's the same in this case: it is the person giving the order that is responsible, not the person actually committing the ordered action.

    Now, granted, in many cases of atrocities (think Holocaust, ISIS, and child soldiers in Africa), those involved have also been affected by some form of conditioning or other coercion. Quite often this begins at an early age because children are impressionable, but it can easily be accomplished on older individuals by tapping into a sense of frustration/disillusionment/anger and exploiting it, often by using the intended targets of the atrocity as the scapegoat for those feelings.

    --
    The only thing necessary for evil to triumph is for it to be pitted against a slightly greater evil
  7. Actually some already possessed the violence by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It's not like an SS guy went from walking on the street, to signing up for the SS and to murdering jews in a week.

    Well, actually, some did. When walking the streets in their pre-SS days some were severely beating jews and destroying the property of jews. They already possessed violent anti-semitic behaviors. The camp environment removed what restraints society was putting on them. It liberated the hatred and violence they already possessed.

    That said, there were also SS volunteers who refused to participate and were quietly transferred without any fuss. These volunteers joined the SS to be soldiers. They were quietly transferred out to avoid a paper trail. If charged with disobeying orders the order disobeyed would have to be stated. Its a myth that those assigned to death camps would be themselves shot for refusing to participate. It was not that simple.

    1. Re:Actually some already possessed the violence by CQDX · · Score: 2

      Europe and Russia had a long history of pogroms before the Nazis, pogroms where thousands of Jews would be killed by mobs. The anti-semitism and willingness to kill was already there. The Nazis just exploited it. Add that to a society that glorified the military and strict obedience to command authority and you end up with an institution willing to kill innocent civilians.

  8. Re: Does this explain republicans? by parkinglot777 · · Score: 2

    And even when she didn't have a choice, that still doesn't negate the inherent rights of the HUMAN she is carrying.

    I would love you to be the "She" in the sentence you said, and then I would like to hear your opinion again. Also, your argument said the so called "human" she is carrying can negate her own inherent rights???

  9. plenty of data available in the military by Khashishi · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Tell the neuroscientists to go study drone operators ordered to bomb hospitals and schools.

  10. Re:Stop trolling by tnk1 · · Score: 2

    Hitler did not have religious faith. Full stop. There is zero indication that he was any sort of fervent Christian believer. He was a cradle Catholic from a country where Catholicism was the state religion. That's it. Walk around and quiz a group of cradle Catholics in the US on the theology of the Catholic Church. Be prepared to hear people who don't know what Christianity or Catholicism actually believes unless it is featured on the TV news.

    Hitler believed he was the main character in a Wagner epic opera. He did not believe the German people answered to anyone except themselves and more importantly, to himself. Calling himself Christian, treating with some bishops, or pretending to espouse certain Christian positions doesn't make him any more a Christian than a Buddhist who also thinks the Golden Rule is a good idea. Or a PR person who is trying to sell fish to Catholics during Lent.

    Do not confuse his dislike for the Jews with the previous progroms against Jews. Most of the persecution of Jews, even by actual Christians, was more of a persecution of people who were different, insular, and who had attained wealth through a means considered "beneath" Christians. Certainly Hitler would occasionally trundle out the same excuses, "Jews killed Jesus", etc. but why wouldn't he? It's not like he was against lying or appropriating things he didn't believe in.

    Also, I don't believe the Catholic Church allows for astrology or magic. I think they just assume that most of that is just entertainment and slight of hand and don't care. If you were really doing ritual magic, then you're crossing the line, because the Christian God is pretty clearly not on the other end of that ritual. You're not permitted to join Freemasonry to this day due to the belief that it has certain secret rituals.