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Elon Musk: 'One In Billions' Chance We're Not Living In A Computer Simulation (vox.com)

An anonymous reader writes: At Recode's annual Code Conference, Elon Musk explained how we are almost certainly living in a more advanced civilization's video game. He said: "The strongest argument for us being in a simulation probably is the following. Forty years ago we had pong. Like, two rectangles and a dot. That was what games were. Now, 40 years later, we have photorealistic, 3D simulations with millions of people playing simultaneously, and it's getting better every year. Soon we'll have virtual reality, augmented reality. If you assume any rate of improvement at all, then the games will become indistinguishable from reality, even if that rate of advancement drops by a thousand from what it is now. Then you just say, okay, let's imagine it's 10,000 years in the future, which is nothing on the evolutionary scale. So given that we're clearly on a trajectory to have games that are indistinguishable from reality, and those games could be played on any set-top box or on a PC or whatever, and there would probably be billions of such computers or set-top boxes, it would seem to follow that the odds that we're in base reality is one in billions. Tell me what's wrong with that argument. Is there a flaw in that argument?" You can watch Elon Musk's full interview on YouTube.

31 of 951 comments (clear)

  1. Senile? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Is it just me or does it start to seem like ol' Elon is going senile?

    1. Re:Senile? by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Is it just me or does it start to seem like ol' Elon is going senile?

      Not senile, but self-indulgent. Any college sophomore can deal with the same ideas and get nowhere. And then there's Mars. I fervently wish he'd leave off the Mars stuff until SpaceX was on a solid footing as a profitable launch company with rapid cadence.

    2. Re:Senile? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Really?

      We already have a billion or so people who believe that our reality is God's dream.

      How is this any different?

    3. Re:Senile? by Teancum · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I fervently wish he'd leave off the Mars stuff until SpaceX was on a solid footing as a profitable launch company with rapid cadence.

      How can you say that SpaceX is not profitable at the moment? They have not had an investment round for several years now, except for the Google investment that seems to be aimed at something other that building rockets. SpaceX is also going to have well over a dozen launches at the current launch rate unless there is a major glitch that appears which would ground the launch fleet.

      This comment would have been appropriate in 2009 or earlier when SpaceX was still flying the Falcon 1 and still struggling to simply get into orbit with only announced plans for the Falcon 9 and some test hardware in the assembly line. That is no longer the case right now.

      If Elon Musk succeeds at sending a probe to Mars in 2018 like he already announced, it isn't just talking about Mars but rather actually going there. He also committed to sending at least one payload to Mars on every Hohmann Transfer Orbit opportunity between the Earth and Mars for as long as the company exists in the future (and mentioned in the above video). The question isn't just pontificating about what the future could be like, but rather holding actual hardware that will be on the surface of Mars in a definite time table.

      When companies talk about spaceflight, I always look at "bent metal" to see how serious they are about getting the job done. SpaceX certainly has plenty of bent metal to prove they are serious about going into space and a growing resume of completed missions in space.

    4. Re: Senile? by Bing+Tsher+E · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Musk is becoming the later life version of Nicholas Tesla.

      Ultra rich people run the risk of being surrounded by people who will agree with anything they say or do.

    5. Re: Senile? by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Insightful

      SpaceX is not yet operating at the cadence that could make reuse profitable, and they have not yet reflown the returned boosters. This is more important than simple profitability of the company, because it drives down the gateway cost of space. IMO that is critical for the human race.

    6. Re: Senile? by Aighearach · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Jainism is a refuted doctrine with very few followers. (about 5 million worldwide) It was growing at the time of Siddhartha ("the Buddha") and indeed many Buddhist moral teachings are phrased specifically as comparisons with what Jain was teaching.

      The reason I say "refuted" is that one of the most important beliefs is a sort of strict compliance non-violence; if you step on a bug, and it dies, you have murdered a living being. It is the same as premeditated murder of a human. It was an interesting idea, but it does not survive the microscope; you can't eat vegetables without also eating lots of living animals.

      That is connected to the standard Buddhist concept of non-violence, which instead of being strict is based on intent. The formulation given is also a major moral debate with the Jainists during Siddhartha's life. The idea is that a monk who is sweeping the path and kills some ants that are on the path has not committed murder, because his intent is only to clean the path; he did not approach the path with the broom for the purpose of killing ants. And there is no way to sweep the path without some ants dying. A Jainist commits murder if his broom kills an ant, regardless of his intent, regardless of if he even saw the ant or had any way to avoid harming it.

      The Buddhist concept of vegetarianism is also rooted in intent; it is not allowed for a monk to eat meat that was killed or purchased for him, but he is allowed to eat leftovers that would otherwise go to waste. And the test is if he believes, thinks, or suspects that the food was prepared specifically for him or for his visit. If his presence didn't cause the animal to be killed, then he has no moral involvement in the killing of the animal. But if it was prepared with the intent of feeding him, or more specifically if he thinks that might be true, then he has a share of the moral harm of killing the animal.

      There are other examples; Jainism is a philosophy that was mostly superseded by Buddhism and Hinduism for real, physical reasons relating to how possible it is to follow it even if you're trying. That's why there are only 5 million followers, when there were probably more than that 2 thousand years ago.

  2. If we had flying cars... by Austerity+Empowers · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...we'd be the Jetsons. Cars have been getting better every year for 100 years. Soon we'll have electric cars, hybrid electric cars. If you assume any rate of improvement at all, then cars will fly.

    CEO logic, avoid it.

    1. Re:If we had flying cars... by gl4ss · · Score: 5, Insightful

      thats not the jetsons flying cars. the state of flying cars has been AT THE TOTAL SAME for about 70 years now straight.

      70 years.

      think about that, dolt.

      also I think elon musk has not actually been playing any computer games or simulations for the past 20 years since as far as being convincing on reality aspect really nothing has been happening there.

      the guy is an idiot for trying to use the pong argument when there has been no advancements in a long time now already... just slightly faster graphics cards and more memory.

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    2. Re:If we had flying cars... by TsuruchiBrian · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Cars do fly. The first flying car was made 17 years after the first car. And the first space car was made 58 years after that. For whatever reason, the stewards of the English language decided to call these things aircraft and spacecraft rather than flying cars and space cars.

    3. Re:If we had flying cars... by AK+Marc · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'm a licensed pilot, and I still can't fly them anywhere.

  3. hanging on every word of a celebrity by Darinbob · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The circles of CEOs and geniuses rarely intersect. Not even this time.

  4. Just Solipsism and Faith-Based Nonsense by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This is just a fancy sort of solipsism.

    You could also describe it as a modern form of faith-based explanation for existence couched in a scientific framework, but otherwise much as conventional religions attempted to explain existence before the scientific framework came about. It explains nothing, because if the world is a simulation, there is an outside to the simulation and one still has to explain how that world came about. Just as older explainers said the world was created by gods, leaving open the question of how the gods came about.

    1. Re:Just Solipsism and Faith-Based Nonsense by Dutch+Gun · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Maybe it's a bit easier to see life as a game or simulation when you're one of the clear winners, and it all seems so easy to you. It's got to be a bit surreal to have the resources of a billionaire like that.

      --
      Irony: Agile development has too much intertia to be abandoned now.
    2. Re:Just Solipsism and Faith-Based Nonsense by L.+J.+Beauregard · · Score: 4, Insightful

      if the world is a simulation, there is an outside to the simulation

      "You're very clever, young man, very clever; but it's turtles all the way down!"

      --
      Ooh, moderator points! Five more idjits go to Minus One Hell!
      Delendae sunt RIAA, MPAA et Windoze
    3. Re:Just Solipsism and Faith-Based Nonsense by pezpunk · · Score: 4, Insightful

      incorrect. the burden of proof is on the one making the assertion. it is their responsibility to justify or substantiate that claim.

      i'm not aware of any scientific evidence provided for the simulation theory -- only loosely philosophical speculation: namely, that extraordinarily powerful technologies that are beyond humans' current technological capability have already been constructed on an unimaginable scale by aliens.

      the machinery of the argument basically boils down to taking what's popular with one species on one little planet during this cosmological microsecond of time (computers, virtual space) and extrapolating that out to infinity.

      it's pretty much the same way all previous religions started. thousands of years ago, to a subsistence farmer in Egypt or whatever, it no doubt made a lot of sense that the creation of reality began with a lush garden paradise, and that woman was created from man's missing rib, and that animals were put here specifically for our consumption, and to work for us. it'd be impossible to prove him wrong. but he only seems right from his own limited perspective.

      Elon Musk is the same.

      --
      i could live a little longer in this prison
    4. Re:Just Solipsism and Faith-Based Nonsense by Ramze · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Except the theory that we're in a simulation makes zero sense. The very quantum mechanical oddities that people who embrace this idea call upon as being inherent to a simulation are also critical to important natural processes -- like fusion in the heart of stars which depends on quantum tunneling of protons. Photosynthesis depends on quantum-tunneling as well. If the quantum nature of the universe is some sort of evidence that we're a simulation, then what exactly are we simulating if the "real world" outside of the simulation does not depend on the exact same quantum processes? Obviously the hypothetical "real world" MUST have different physics if our quantum physical laws are merely side-effects of the limitations of our simulation. So... How does fusion happen in the "real world?" What about photosynthesis? How about LEDs, solar cells, and various computer components that all rely on quantum effects?

      It's absurd to think any of those things would be possible without our very specific physics. The only possible explanation if we're in a simulation would be that the "real world" has completely different physics than ours. That makes me wonder why beings living in such a universe would bother to simulate a fantasy world where physics not only doesn't work the way it does in the "real world," but would also bother to create an entire universe populated by sentient beings just to see how such fake physics would play out. Oddly, we'd be like a video game instead of a simulation.

      Sooner or later, every computer program generates a flaw. Even if it's not a bug in programming, a single bit flip from a cosmic ray could cause havoc. One would think with a simulation our size running for this long would have produced more than a few noticeable bugs, and it would be a serious pain to roll back the universe from a saved state just so that the beings living on a slimy spec of rock around an average main sequence star in an uninteresting galaxy in a not especially special cluster of galaxies wouldn't remember the glitch and be self-aware that they're in a simulation. Oh, gee... I guess we all just signed Elon's death warrant now that we all let the beans spill that he's in on our simulation masters' secret.

  5. If we're living in a computer simulation, by jenningsthecat · · Score: 4, Insightful

    then will the owners please debug the code and/or get the hardware fixed? I'm getting sick and tired of glitches like 'Real Housewives', Kardashians, and Donald Trump.

    --
    'The Economy' is a giant Ponzi scheme whose most pitiable suckers are the youngest among us and the yet-unborn.
    1. Re:If we're living in a computer simulation, by roman_mir · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Really, those are the worst in your opinion? How about Marx, Lenin, Mao, Stalin, Hitler, FDR, Hoover, Quadaffi (or however you spell it), Putin? Genocides, wars, murders, kidnappings, rapes, robberies, death, destruction .... How about stupidity, collectivism of all forms, types and shapes, ignorance, idleness? Governments are the epithome of the worst collectivists systems, religions, and we are mentioning Kardashiand and Trump?

      But seriously, the Matrix was a great movie but it makes a bad religion and a bad belief system. What Musk is saying is akin to any other religion out there and his 'proof' is as good as a 'burning bush' or a talking snake.

  6. Weak argument by Maow · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I find that pretty weak.

    Things plateau and don't always improve at a linear, never mind exponential, rate.

    Sure Moore's Law has served us well for a generation and a bit, but on his "evolutionary scale" it'll likely be seen as a blip.

    All bubbles are obvious after they burst, but when inside one, it can be hard to recognise them.

    I have lots of respect for Musk, but this just seems ridiculous.

    We had transoceanic ships half a millenium ago, and it improved quite a bit from those days, but today's tech would be basically recognizable to someone from the 1600s, even if unbelievably large in scale. Metal ships & propellers seem to be the biggest advances (disregarding nuclear fuel sources vs ICEs) and those aren't considered new by any means.

    We've had air travel for over a century, yet in the past 30-40 years there hasn't been that much improvement; in fact just try to get a supersonic passenger flight now - can't do it.

    We've had men in space for half a century, had men on the moon almost half a century ago - can't do it now - USA can't even put a man in space on certified technology.

    Mr Musk must be aware of these limitations, surely.

    In light of those examples, I call his arguments on us living in a simulation very weak.

  7. Scientology not Science by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As for those that think this level of simulation is impossible, it isn't.

    Without ANY bugs? Really? The only way this idea works is if you have a divine programmer who cannot make any mistakes who created the universe. This is more like scientology than science.

    1. Re:Scientology not Science by religionofpeas · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The simulation wouldn't necessarily have to be complex. You could simulate the entire universe in a giant Game of Life board, with a handful of very simple rules combined with a huge state space.

    2. Re:Scientology not Science by Coisiche · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Without ANY bugs? Really?

      Two articles ago there was something that looks a lot like a bug to me.

    3. Re:Scientology not Science by KozmoStevnNaut · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That could explain why some people claim to be able to know the future, and why you sometimes think you've seen something before in a dream. The memory wipe wasn't 100% perfect, and some spurious data was left over. That could also be why you seem to forget your dreams really quickly after you wake up.

      --
      Eat the rich.
    4. Re:Scientology not Science by JoeMerchant · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As for those that think this level of simulation is impossible, it isn't.

      Without ANY bugs? Really? The only way this idea works is if you have a divine programmer who cannot make any mistakes who created the universe. This is more like scientology than science.

      If we are in a simulation, I would anticipate it to have about 3 lines of code:

      1. initialize multidimensional structure full of 0s with one huge number in one location

      2. Apply unified theory of everything to structure

      3. goto 2.

    5. Re:Scientology not Science by Gilgaron · · Score: 4, Insightful

      How would we know the simulation was resumed from a backup after a system crash? If our consciousnesses were preserved in a state at time X before the crash and then the program resumed we wouldn't know.

    6. Re:Scientology not Science by arth1 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      These are all completely consistent with the physical laws of the universe we live in. The simulation must be simulating all the matter and fields we can observe and so bug would be an inconsistency in the laws of physics. For example gravity not working at a certain time or for a certain object etc.

      This is incorrect. You only have to simulate one person[*].
      And any inconsistency can be corrected, and the emulation replayed from the fix point. No one in the surviving time line would notice.

      [*]: Me, obviously.

    7. Re:Scientology not Science by rhazz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Maybe all the schizophrenics are a processing thread like the rest of us, but with the DEBUG=true. They see the simulation for what it really is. And without realizing it we set their DEBUG=false by pumping them full of drugs.

  8. Plenty of problems with argument by sjbe · · Score: 3, Insightful

    s there a flaw in that argument?"

    There are lots of flaws in that argument. It's basically a version of the brain-in-a-jar argument. It is an argument possibly from a false premise. It has no physical evidence and (so far) no testable model to verify it. It's a mathematical and philosophical argument based on extrapolations and probabilities and axioms, not a (yet) physics argument based on empirical evidence.

    This is one of those times where somebody from physics tries to play in philosophy without knowing that this is ground that has been covered before.

  9. Simulation, Multiverses, Panspermism = faiths by Herve5 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Like the idea of Multiverses (you know, this thing when everytime you make a decision, the whole Universe duplicates in two branches, and in the other branch you made the alternate choice), like the theory of Panspermism (life never born around here but brought by some intergalactic comets from unreachable places), we face here a nice theory that completely eliminates the risk of being tested.

    In other words, it is not a scientific proposal : it's a faith that is proposed to you.
    And a low-grade one at that. The Matrix movie did much better.

    We'll soon have enough such topics to start a dictionary, whose first historical chapter would address Angel's sex debates in the Middle Ages.

    My concern is, that historical chapter probably will relate the Angel's thing to the time and place where the quarrel happened -the famous city of Byzantia, just when it was about to be destroyed.

    History tells us that when a society's intelligence falls this low, its end is very near.

    --
    Herve S.
  10. Allegory of the Cave by bigpat · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The idea that we are living inside a simulation is far from original from Musk.
    Perhaps the most prominent contemporary proponent of this idea is the philosopher Nick Bostrom.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    It's also peripherally related to the idea of a Boltzmann brain
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    Also there is Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" which describes prisoners in a cave viewing the shadows on the wall as their reality and similarly our own view of reality being perhaps like a "shadow" of a meta reality.